EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source

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Charge exchange The approximation formula of Salzborn and Müller is based on many measurements with low chage states, however, we have nothing better! again – multiple step CX is neglected! i i 1 2 12 1 . 17 2 . 76 1 . 43 10 i P0 cm In EBIS/T the pressure usually is low enough to avoid CX, only dangerous for extremely high charge states, where ion cooling becomes necessary. More important for EBIT! In ECRs CX usually limits the build up if higher charge states and produces the wide range of charge state with almost identical abundance.
10 -3 Pressure (mbar) 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 Charge exchange versus Ionisation Vacuum pressure at which gain by ionization equals the loss by charge exchange for lead ion 10 A/cm 2 1000 A/cm 2 0 20 40 60 80 P b Charge states
Page 1 and 2: EBIS and EBIT Reinard Becker, Goeth
Page 3 and 4: electron gun U(Z) Principles of EBI
Page 5 and 6: Cross sections (cm 2 ) 10 -15 10 -1
Page 7: Ionisation energies by C. Moore
Page 11 and 12: Electron energy (eV) 10 5 10 4 10 3
Page 13 and 14: In EBIT injected ions could be trap
Page 15 and 16: Results of charge breeding simulati
Page 17 and 18: 40 years of EBIS history Device yea
Page 19 and 20: BNL-EBIS results and projections 4
Page 21 and 22: Device year place name w/c/r Bmax l
Page 23 and 24: future applications for EBITSs
Page 25 and 26: Super-compression in CRYEBIS-I (197
Page 27 and 28: 0.6 Relative abundance 0.4 0.2 aver
Page 29: Conclusions EBISes and EBITs are al

EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source

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