EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source
EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source
EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source
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Charge exchange<br />
The approximation formula of Salzborn <strong>and</strong> Müller is based on many<br />
measurements with low chage states, however, we have nothing better!<br />
again – multiple step CX is neglected!<br />
<br />
i i 1<br />
<br />
2<br />
12 1 . 17 2 . 76<br />
1 . 43 10 i P0<br />
cm<br />
In <strong>EBIS</strong>/T the pressure usually is low enough to avoid CX, only dangerous for<br />
extremely high charge states, where ion cooling becomes necessary. More<br />
important for <strong>EBIT</strong>!<br />
In ECRs CX usually limits the build up if higher charge states <strong>and</strong> produces the<br />
wide range of charge state with almost identical abundance.
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