EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source
EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source
EBIS and EBIT - Spallation Neutron Source
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In <strong>EBIT</strong> injected ions could be trapped for hours!<br />
only possible by evaporative cooling<br />
Ion-Ion-cooling<br />
Ne 22 isotope has been increased to 30% of Ne 20 in leaky mode of Frankfurt <strong>EBIS</strong><br />
Similar to isotope effect observed in ECRs (Drentje)<br />
Charge spectra for argon in operation of Frankfurt <strong>EBIS</strong> beyond neutralization<br />
O, N, C are used as coolant for argon at a pressure of 2 x 10 -10 mbar<br />
R.Becker, M.Kleinod , <strong>and</strong> H.Klein, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B24/25 (1987) 838<br />
Cooling by a background gas is most convenient but causes charge exchange.<br />
Strategies for cooling with ions need to be developed for highest charge states!<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
18 17 16 14<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
5<br />
Argon<br />
32 s<br />
10 s<br />
3.2 s<br />
1 s<br />
320 ms<br />
100 ms<br />
32 ms<br />
Oxygen<br />
Nitrogen<br />
Carbon<br />
R. Becker, M. Kleinod, H. Thomae, <strong>and</strong> E. D. Donets, AIP Conf. Proc. 274,<br />
edts.P.Richard, M.Stöckli, C.L.Cocke, <strong>and</strong> C.D.Lin, (1993) p. 686
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