Magnetic Separation: Industrial and Lab Scale Applications

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Figure 16. Magnetic Targeted Carriers (MTC) offer a target oriented drug delivery. (Courtesy of FeRx Inc. from Saiyed 2003) Researchers at FeRx Inc. were able to craft iron particles with activated carbon (1-2 μm) and attach Doxorubicin, an anti-cancer drug (Wilson 2004 Radiology). They used the magnetic particle – drug assembly to cure cancer tumor in a reversible drug release fashion (Saiyed 2003, http://www.magneticsmagazine.com/e- prints/ReRx.pdf). Sadly, FeRx, Inc. is now out of business and laid off most of its employees (For more information visit http://www.biotechcareercenter.com/FeRx.html, http://www.9news.com/acm_news.aspx?OSGNAME=KUSA&IKOBJECTID=c17c 7125-0abe-421a-00b3-c79476c2f9f1&TEMPLATEID=0c76dce6-ac1f-02d8-0047- c589c01ca7bf). As can be clearly seen in FeRx example, physical (magnetic properties to drug binding capacity) and physiological (target position to body weight) limitations for the in vivo studies resulted unsuccessful clinical trials which only encouraged more in depth research (Dobson 2006 DDT). For this reason, using epirubicin, an anticancer drug, Lubbe and coworkers identified the potential of ferrofluids (Lubbe 1999 JMMM). More theoretical studies followed: a mathematical model for magnetic targeted drug delivery (Grief 2005 JMMM), a hypothetical magnetic drug targeting system using FEMLAB simulations with the high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) principles (Ritter 2004 JMMM), a two-step targeted drug
delivery system (Rosengart 2005 JMMM), and a new method for locally targeted drug delivery with magnetic implants in the cardiovascular system (Yellen 2005 JMMM). Regardless, anti-cancer drug delivery via magnetic carriers increases drug concentration at the tumor site and limits the systemic drug concentration, by which it enhances the drug activity to multiples of magnitude (Neuberger 2005 JMMM). Recent treatments with magnetic drug targeting involved using of MTCs (Magnetic Targeted Carriers) in liver and lung (Goodwin 1999 JMMM), treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits with FFs (ferrofluids) bound to mitoxantrone (FF-MTX) that was concentrated with a magnetic field (Alexiou 2000 Cancer Res, Alexiou 2005 JMMM), preparation of magnetic liposomes containing submicron-sized ferromagnetic particles encapsulating the muscle relaxant drugs, diadony or diperony, for local anesthesia (Kuznetsov 2001 JMMM), an improved method for the physical delivery of rAAV vectors in vivo in which virion particles are conjugated to microsphere supports (Mah 2002 Mol Therapy), thrombosis treatment using a composition of ferrofluid with fibrinolytic enzyme (Rusetski 1990 JMMM), nucleic acid delivery with magnetically labeled non-viral vectors (Schillinger 2005 JMMM) e. Biocatalysis This newly developing field is strictly bound to the control of the magnetic beads that can immobilize several bio-catalysts, mainly enzymes, such as β-lactamase
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