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30 Chapter 2: Environmental Changes of Selected Hotspots The population of Kigali City has grown to roughly one million people as of 2010, generating an estimated 500 tonnes of solid waste daily. Solid Waste Management Implementation of waste management concepts is still a challenge in the City of Kigali. According to the Mayor of Kigali City, Mr. Fidele Ndayisaba, the city’s policies should focus on transforming the city from a largely unplanned to a wellplanned and managed one. In this regard, the Kigali Conceptual Master Plan that seeks to, among others improve waste management in the city (MININFRA2007) was developed and endorsed by stakeholders. It is based on the ‘3Es concept’ that includes economic development; ecology and environment and equity and basic needs. The mayor stressed that political will, commitment and the existence of a supportive legal framework for implementation are key to realizing the master plan’s goals. However, another constraint relates to the heavy capital investment required to support the collection, recycling, treatment and safe disposal of solid and liquid waste. As a result, untreated liquid and solid waste is disposed of in ecologically fragile areas such as wetlands, with devastating consequences for the environment, human health and biodiversity. A photo capturing landfill fires of the past at the Nyanza landfill, Kigali City. Landfill fires used to be a big problem for the surrounding areas of the site as they caused air pollution. Toshikazu Mito 2009 A bulldozer is seen here compacting garbage before covering with soil in a bid to rehabilitate it. Toshikazu Mito 2009
Chapter 2: Environmental Changes of Selected Hotspots 31 Kigali City’s sole solid waste facility, Nyanza Landfill in Kicukiro district, has reached capacity and is to be replaced by a new landfill in the near future. By 2009 it was being filled with soil to prepare it for decommissioning. The Nyanza landfill is partially rehabilitated by covering it with soil. Kigali is estimated to generate 500 tonnes of solid waste per day. Of this, only 100-150 tonnes are transported to the sole landfill (KCC 2011b) at Nyanza located 10 km from the city centre. Until recently the Nyanza site posed a huge challenge regarding health and environmental hazards emanating from unpleasant and noxious smells. These were exacerbated by sporadic fires as well as from leachate flow. The Nyanza landfill site has now reached full capacity and work towards its decommissioning has started. In this regard the City of Kigali took steps to compact the solid waste on site and cover it with soil while at the same time installing ventilating pipes to allow the decomposition gases to escape. This intervention has worked well in mitigating the health and environmental hazard and has stopped the fires outbreaks. A new landfill site has been identified on the southern outskirts of the city. Solid waste will be sorted to remove recyclable products to support the flourishing but largely informal recycling sector before disposal of the residual waste at the new landfill. There is also potential to briquette municipal solid waste with the resultant cylindrical fuel blocks being used as a cooking fuel. Further, the methane gas extracted from the sanitary land fill can be used to generate electricity and earn carbon credits worth more than 9 000 CER (Carbon Emission Reduction units) each. The net monetary cost to the city would be close to US $1 million, although the cost to the environment in addition to emissions reduction would be incalculable. Toshikazu Mito 2009 The rehabilitation process involving compaction of the solid waste and covering it with soil after completion in 2011. Toshikazu Mito 2009
Page 1: Atlas of Rwandaʼs Changing Environ
Page 4 and 5: Copyright ©2011, Rwanda Environmen
Page 6 and 7: Two rare Angolan colobus monkeys (C
Page 8 and 9: ii Preface The State of the Environ
Page 10 and 11: iv Production & Editorial Teams Pol
Page 12 and 13: vi List of Figures and Tables Figur
Page 14 and 15: viii Preparation Process As ‘Atla
Page 16 and 17: x A snapshot of the surroundings of
Page 18 and 19: 2 Chapter 1: Environmental Profile
Page 38 and 39: 22 View of Kigali city. Rural to ur
Page 40 and 41: 24 Chapter 2: Environmental Changes
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80 Chapter 4: Scenario Analysis and
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88 A motorcycle taxi in Kigali loca
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90 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recom
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92 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recom
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