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Statutory Warnings Only most important features of various schemes are typically discussed, i.e, features I consider as being important Others may disagree Most schemes include many more details, and optimizations Not possible to cover all details in this tutorial Be aware that some protocol specs have changed several times Jargon used to discuss a scheme may occasionally differ from that used by the proposers 4
Coverage Not intended to be exhaustive Many interesting papers not covered in the tutorial due to lack of time No judgement on those papers is implied 5
Page 1 and 2: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Routing, MA
Page 3: Introduction Unicast routing Mult
Page 7 and 8: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Formed by w
Page 9 and 10: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) Mob
Page 11 and 12: Many Applications Personal area ne
Page 13 and 14: Many Variations Traffic characteri
Page 15 and 16: Challenges Limited wireless transm
Page 17 and 18: Research on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Page 19 and 20: Assumption Unless stated otherwise
Page 21 and 22: Why is Routing in MANET different ?
Page 23 and 24: Proactive protocols Routing Protoco
Page 25 and 26: Overview of Unicast Routing Protoco
Page 27 and 28: A Flooding for Data Delivery B H S
Page 33 and 34: A Flooding for Data Delivery B H
Page 35 and 36: Flooding for Data Delivery: Advanta
Page 37 and 38: Flooding of Control Packets Many p
Page 39 and 40: A B Route Discovery in DSR H S E C
Page 45 and 46: Route Discovery in DSR Destination
Page 47 and 48: Route Reply in DSR Route Reply can
Page 49 and 50: A B Data Delivery in DSR H DATA [S,
Page 51 and 52: DSR Optimization: Route Caching Ea
Page 53 and 54: A B Use of Route Caching [S,E,F,J,D
Page 55 and 56:
Use of Route Caching: Can Reduce Pr
Page 57 and 58:
Route Caching: Beware! Stale cache
Page 59 and 60:
Dynamic Source Routing: Disadvantag
Page 61 and 62:
Flooding of Control Packets How to
Page 63 and 64:
X = last known location of node D,
Page 65 and 66:
LAR Only nodes within the request
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LAR Variations: Adaptive Request Zo
Page 69 and 70:
Location-Aided Routing The basic p
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Detour Routing Using Location Infor
Page 73 and 74:
Distance Routing Effect Algorithm f
Page 75 and 76:
Relative Distance Micro-Discovery R
Page 77 and 78:
Geographic Distance Routing (GEDIR)
Page 79 and 80:
Grid Location Service (GLS) [Li00Mo
Page 81 and 82:
Query Localization [Castaneda99Mobi
Page 83 and 84:
G F E B A S C D Query Localization:
Page 85 and 86:
Broadcast Storm Problem [Ni99Mobico
Page 87 and 88:
Solutions for Broadcast Storm Prob
Page 89 and 90:
Solutions for Broadcast Storms Dis
Page 91 and 92:
Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Ro
Page 93 and 94:
A B Route Requests in AODV H S E C
Page 95 and 96:
A B Route Requests in AODV H S E C
Page 97 and 98:
A Reverse Path Setup in AODV B H S
Page 99 and 100:
A B Route Reply in AODV H S E C I G
Page 101 and 102:
A Forward Path Setup in AODV B H S
Page 103 and 104:
Timeouts A routing table entry mai
Page 105 and 106:
Route Error When node X is unable
Page 107 and 108:
Link Failure Detection Hello messa
Page 109 and 110:
Why Sequence Numbers in AODV A B C
Page 111 and 112:
Summary: AODV Routes need not be i
Page 113 and 114:
Link Reversal Algorithm [Gafni81] A
Page 115 and 116:
Link Reversal Algorithm A B F C E G
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Link Reversal Algorithm Attempts t
Page 123 and 124:
Partial Reversal Method A B F C E G
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Link Reversal Methods: Advantages
Page 131 and 132:
Link Reversal in a Partitioned Netw
Page 133 and 134:
Full Reversal in a Partitioned Netw
Page 135 and 136:
Full Reversal in a Partitioned Netw
Page 137 and 138:
Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorith
Page 139 and 140:
E D Partition Detection in TORA A N
Page 141 and 142:
E D Partition Detection in TORA A N
Page 143 and 144:
E D Partition Detection in TORA A F
Page 145 and 146:
E D Partition Detection in TORA A F
Page 147 and 148:
TORA Design Decision TORA performs
Page 149 and 150:
So far ... All nodes had identical
Page 151 and 152:
Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc
Page 153 and 154:
Link State Propagation in CEDAR Th
Page 155 and 156:
H G B CEDAR: Core Maintenance A C E
Page 157 and 158:
H G B CEDAR Route Discovery A C E S
Page 159 and 160:
Advantages CEDAR Route discovery/ma
Page 161 and 162:
Proactive Protocols Most of the sc
Page 163 and 164:
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
Page 165 and 166:
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
Page 167 and 168:
OLSR OLSR floods information throu
Page 169 and 170:
Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vect
Page 171 and 172:
Hybrid Protocols 171
Page 173 and 174:
ZRP All nodes within hop distance
Page 175 and 176:
B F ZRP: Example with Zone Radius =
Page 177 and 178:
B F ZRP: Example with d = 2 A S C D
Page 179 and 180:
LANMAR Routing to Nodes Within Scop
Page 181 and 182:
LANMAR Routing to Nodes Outside Sco
Page 183 and 184:
Geodesic Routing Without Anchors [B
Page 185 and 186:
Routing Protocols discussed so far
Page 187 and 188:
Other Routing Protocols Plenty of
Page 189 and 190:
Power-Aware Routing [Singh98Mobicom
Page 191 and 192:
Power-Aware Routing Possible modifi
Page 193 and 194:
Associativity-Based Routing (ABR) [
Page 195 and 196:
Preemptive Routing [Goff01MobiCom]
Page 197 and 198:
Quality-of-Service Several proposa
Page 199 and 200:
Multicasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Netwo
Page 201 and 202:
Multicasting in MANET Need to take
Page 203 and 204:
AODV Group Sequence Number In our
Page 205 and 206:
Joining the Multicast Tree: AODV H
Page 207 and 208:
Joining the Multicast Tree: AODV H
Page 209 and 210:
Sending Data on the Multicast Tree
Page 211 and 212:
Since J is not a leaf node, it must
Page 213 and 214:
Leaving a Multicast Tree: AODV H C
Page 215 and 216:
Handling a Link Failure: AODV Multi
Page 217 and 218:
Merging Partitions: AODV If the ne
Page 219 and 220:
Merging Partitions: AODV Assume th
Page 221 and 222:
Q Merging Partitions: AODV B RREQ (
Page 223 and 224:
Group Hello (update) Q Merging Part
Page 225 and 226:
On-Demand Multicast Routing Protoco
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
ODMRP No explicit join or leave pr
Page 237 and 238:
Geocasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Page 239 and 240:
Geocasting [Navas97Mobicom] Navas
Page 241 and 242:
Simple Flooding-Based Geocasting U
Page 243 and 244:
Geocasting based on Location-Aided
Page 245 and 246:
Geocast LAR If all routes between
Page 247 and 248:
Anycasting with Modified TORA [Ko20
Page 249 and 250:
DAG for Anycasting Since links bet
Page 251 and 252:
Geocasting using Modified Anycastin
Page 253 and 254:
Other Geocasting Schemes [Macwan01
Page 255 and 256:
Some Related Work Content-based Mu
Page 257 and 258:
Capacity of Fixed Ad Hoc Networks [
Page 259 and 260:
Continues from last slide … Dela
Page 261 and 262:
Measured Scaling Law [Gupta01] Mea
Page 263 and 264:
Medium Access Control Protocols 263
Page 265 and 266:
Hidden Terminal Problem Node B can
Page 267 and 268:
Reliability Wireless links are pro
Page 269 and 270:
IEEE 802.11 Wireless MAC Distribut
Page 271 and 272:
Collision Avoidance With half-dupl
Page 273 and 274:
B1 = 25 B2 = 20 cw = 31 DCF Example
Page 275 and 276:
MAC Protocols: Issues Hidden Termi
Page 277 and 278:
Binary Exponential Backoff in DCF
Page 279 and 280:
IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordinatio
Page 281 and 282:
Fairness Issue Assume that initial
Page 283 and 284:
MACAW Solution for Fairness When a
Page 285 and 286:
Distributed Fair Scheduling (DFS) [
Page 287 and 288:
Impact of Collisions After collisi
Page 289 and 290:
Distributed Fair Scheduling DFS us
Page 291 and 292:
Fairness in Multi-Hop Networks Not
Page 293 and 294:
Balanced MAC degree of node j p_ij
Page 295 and 296:
Balanced MAC Results show that it
Page 297 and 298:
Estimation-Based Fair MAC Fair sha
Page 299 and 300:
Proportional Fair Contention Resolu
Page 301 and 302:
Sender-Initiated Protocols The pro
Page 303 and 304:
Using Receiver’s Help in a Sender
Page 305 and 306:
Receiver-Based Adaptive Rate Contro
Page 307 and 308:
Capacity and MAC Protocols The MAC
Page 309 and 310:
Energy Conserving MAC Since many m
Page 311 and 312:
A Power Aware Multi-Access Protocol
Page 313 and 314:
PAMAS PAMAS uses a control channel
Page 315 and 316:
Another Proposal in PAMAS To avoid
Page 317 and 318:
UDP on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 317
Page 319 and 320:
UDP Performance Several relevant s
Page 321 and 322:
UDP Performance Difficult to ident
Page 323 and 324:
Overview of Transmission Control Pr
Page 325 and 326:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Page 327 and 328:
Cumulative Acknowledgements A new
Page 329 and 330:
Window Based Flow Control Sliding
Page 331 and 332:
Window Based Flow Control Congesti
Page 333 and 334:
How does TCP detect a packet loss?
Page 335 and 336:
Retransmission Timeout (RTO) calcul
Page 337 and 338:
Fast Retransmission Timeouts can t
Page 339 and 340:
Congestion Avoidance and Control S
Page 341 and 342:
Congestion Control On detecting a
Page 343 and 344:
Congestion window (segments) 25 20
Page 345 and 346:
ssthresh = Fast Recovery min(cwnd,
Page 347 and 348:
Slow-start Congestion avoidance F
Page 349 and 350:
Performance of TCP Several factors
Page 351 and 352:
Random Errors May Cause Fast Retran
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Sometimes Congestion Response May b
Page 359 and 360:
Burst Errors May Cause Timeouts If
Page 361 and 362:
Impact of Transmission Errors TCP
Page 363 and 364:
This Tutorial This tutorial consid
Page 365 and 366:
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Mobility ca
Page 367 and 368:
Impact of Multi-Hop Wireless Paths
Page 369 and 370:
Ideal Throughput f(i) = fraction o
Page 371 and 372:
Impact of Mobility 20 m/s 30 m/s Id
Page 373 and 374:
Actual throughput But not always
Page 375 and 376:
mobility causes link breakage, resu
Page 377 and 378:
B C A Why Does Throughput Improve?
Page 379 and 380:
Network feedback How to Improve Thr
Page 381 and 382:
Actual throughput Performance Impro
Page 383 and 384:
Issues Network Feedback Network kn
Page 385 and 386:
To Cache or Not to Cache Average sp
Page 387 and 388:
Issues To Cache or Not to Cache Ca
Page 389 and 390:
TCP Performance Two factors result
Page 391 and 392:
Issues RTO After Route Repair Same
Page 393 and 394:
Impact of Acknowledgements TCP Ack
Page 395 and 396:
Security Issues 395
Page 397 and 398:
Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Ne
Page 399 and 400:
Resurrecting Duckling [Stajano99]
Page 401 and 402:
Secure Routing Establishing a Cert
Page 403 and 404:
Techniques for Intrusion-Resistant
Page 405 and 406:
Intrusion Detection [Zhang00Mobicom
Page 407 and 408:
Packet Purse Model [Byttayn00MobiHo
Page 409 and 410:
Existing Implementations Several i
Page 411 and 412:
CMU Implementation: Lessons Learned
Page 413 and 414:
BBN Implementation [Ramanathan00Wcn
Page 415 and 416:
Link layer Implementation Issues: W
Page 417 and 418:
Implementation Issues: Address Assi
Page 419 and 420:
Implementation Issues: Security Ho
Page 421 and 422:
Implementation Issues Only some is
Page 423 and 424:
Distributed Algorithms for Mobile A
Page 425 and 426:
Distributed Algorithms There is al
Page 427 and 428:
Related Standards Activities 427
Page 429 and 430:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IE
Page 431 and 432:
Bluetooth [Haartsen98,Bhagawat00Tut
Page 433 and 434:
Bluetooth: Piconet A channel is ch
Page 435 and 436:
Bluetooth: Scatternet Several pico
Page 437 and 438:
Open Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networ
Page 439 and 440:
Related Research Areas Algorithms
Page 441:
Thank you !! For more information,
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