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Unicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc <strong>Networks</strong> 20
Why is Routing in MANET different ? Host mobility link failure/repair due to mobility may have different characteristics than those due to other causes Rate of link failure/repair may be high when nodes move fast New performance criteria may be used route stability despite mobility energy consumption 21
Page 1 and 2: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Routing, MA
Page 3 and 4: Introduction Unicast routing Mult
Page 5 and 6: Coverage Not intended to be exhaus
Page 7 and 8: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Formed by w
Page 9 and 10: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) Mob
Page 11 and 12: Many Applications Personal area ne
Page 13 and 14: Many Variations Traffic characteri
Page 15 and 16: Challenges Limited wireless transm
Page 17 and 18: Research on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Page 19: Assumption Unless stated otherwise
Page 23 and 24: Proactive protocols Routing Protoco
Page 25 and 26: Overview of Unicast Routing Protoco
Page 27 and 28: A Flooding for Data Delivery B H S
Page 33 and 34: A Flooding for Data Delivery B H
Page 35 and 36: Flooding for Data Delivery: Advanta
Page 37 and 38: Flooding of Control Packets Many p
Page 39 and 40: A B Route Discovery in DSR H S E C
Page 45 and 46: Route Discovery in DSR Destination
Page 47 and 48: Route Reply in DSR Route Reply can
Page 49 and 50: A B Data Delivery in DSR H DATA [S,
Page 51 and 52: DSR Optimization: Route Caching Ea
Page 53 and 54: A B Use of Route Caching [S,E,F,J,D
Page 55 and 56: Use of Route Caching: Can Reduce Pr
Page 57 and 58: Route Caching: Beware! Stale cache
Page 59 and 60: Dynamic Source Routing: Disadvantag
Page 61 and 62: Flooding of Control Packets How to
Page 63 and 64: X = last known location of node D,
Page 65 and 66: LAR Only nodes within the request
Page 67 and 68: LAR Variations: Adaptive Request Zo
Page 69 and 70: Location-Aided Routing The basic p
Page 71 and 72:
Detour Routing Using Location Infor
Page 73 and 74:
Distance Routing Effect Algorithm f
Page 75 and 76:
Relative Distance Micro-Discovery R
Page 77 and 78:
Geographic Distance Routing (GEDIR)
Page 79 and 80:
Grid Location Service (GLS) [Li00Mo
Page 81 and 82:
Query Localization [Castaneda99Mobi
Page 83 and 84:
G F E B A S C D Query Localization:
Page 85 and 86:
Broadcast Storm Problem [Ni99Mobico
Page 87 and 88:
Solutions for Broadcast Storm Prob
Page 89 and 90:
Solutions for Broadcast Storms Dis
Page 91 and 92:
Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Ro
Page 93 and 94:
A B Route Requests in AODV H S E C
Page 95 and 96:
A B Route Requests in AODV H S E C
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A Reverse Path Setup in AODV B H S
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A B Route Reply in AODV H S E C I G
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A Forward Path Setup in AODV B H S
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Timeouts A routing table entry mai
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Route Error When node X is unable
Page 107 and 108:
Link Failure Detection Hello messa
Page 109 and 110:
Why Sequence Numbers in AODV A B C
Page 111 and 112:
Summary: AODV Routes need not be i
Page 113 and 114:
Link Reversal Algorithm [Gafni81] A
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Link Reversal Algorithm A B F C E G
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
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Link Reversal Algorithm Attempts t
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Partial Reversal Method A B F C E G
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Link Reversal Methods: Advantages
Page 131 and 132:
Link Reversal in a Partitioned Netw
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Full Reversal in a Partitioned Netw
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Full Reversal in a Partitioned Netw
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Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorith
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E D Partition Detection in TORA A N
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E D Partition Detection in TORA A N
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E D Partition Detection in TORA A F
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E D Partition Detection in TORA A F
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TORA Design Decision TORA performs
Page 149 and 150:
So far ... All nodes had identical
Page 151 and 152:
Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc
Page 153 and 154:
Link State Propagation in CEDAR Th
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H G B CEDAR: Core Maintenance A C E
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H G B CEDAR Route Discovery A C E S
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Advantages CEDAR Route discovery/ma
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Proactive Protocols Most of the sc
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Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
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Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
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OLSR OLSR floods information throu
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Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vect
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Hybrid Protocols 171
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ZRP All nodes within hop distance
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B F ZRP: Example with Zone Radius =
Page 177 and 178:
B F ZRP: Example with d = 2 A S C D
Page 179 and 180:
LANMAR Routing to Nodes Within Scop
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LANMAR Routing to Nodes Outside Sco
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Geodesic Routing Without Anchors [B
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Routing Protocols discussed so far
Page 187 and 188:
Other Routing Protocols Plenty of
Page 189 and 190:
Power-Aware Routing [Singh98Mobicom
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Power-Aware Routing Possible modifi
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Associativity-Based Routing (ABR) [
Page 195 and 196:
Preemptive Routing [Goff01MobiCom]
Page 197 and 198:
Quality-of-Service Several proposa
Page 199 and 200:
Multicasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Netwo
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Multicasting in MANET Need to take
Page 203 and 204:
AODV Group Sequence Number In our
Page 205 and 206:
Joining the Multicast Tree: AODV H
Page 207 and 208:
Joining the Multicast Tree: AODV H
Page 209 and 210:
Sending Data on the Multicast Tree
Page 211 and 212:
Since J is not a leaf node, it must
Page 213 and 214:
Leaving a Multicast Tree: AODV H C
Page 215 and 216:
Handling a Link Failure: AODV Multi
Page 217 and 218:
Merging Partitions: AODV If the ne
Page 219 and 220:
Merging Partitions: AODV Assume th
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Q Merging Partitions: AODV B RREQ (
Page 223 and 224:
Group Hello (update) Q Merging Part
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On-Demand Multicast Routing Protoco
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Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
ODMRP No explicit join or leave pr
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Geocasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
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Geocasting [Navas97Mobicom] Navas
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Simple Flooding-Based Geocasting U
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Geocasting based on Location-Aided
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Geocast LAR If all routes between
Page 247 and 248:
Anycasting with Modified TORA [Ko20
Page 249 and 250:
DAG for Anycasting Since links bet
Page 251 and 252:
Geocasting using Modified Anycastin
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Other Geocasting Schemes [Macwan01
Page 255 and 256:
Some Related Work Content-based Mu
Page 257 and 258:
Capacity of Fixed Ad Hoc Networks [
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Continues from last slide … Dela
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Measured Scaling Law [Gupta01] Mea
Page 263 and 264:
Medium Access Control Protocols 263
Page 265 and 266:
Hidden Terminal Problem Node B can
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Reliability Wireless links are pro
Page 269 and 270:
IEEE 802.11 Wireless MAC Distribut
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Collision Avoidance With half-dupl
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B1 = 25 B2 = 20 cw = 31 DCF Example
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MAC Protocols: Issues Hidden Termi
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Binary Exponential Backoff in DCF
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IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordinatio
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Fairness Issue Assume that initial
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MACAW Solution for Fairness When a
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Distributed Fair Scheduling (DFS) [
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Impact of Collisions After collisi
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Distributed Fair Scheduling DFS us
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Fairness in Multi-Hop Networks Not
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Balanced MAC degree of node j p_ij
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Balanced MAC Results show that it
Page 297 and 298:
Estimation-Based Fair MAC Fair sha
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Proportional Fair Contention Resolu
Page 301 and 302:
Sender-Initiated Protocols The pro
Page 303 and 304:
Using Receiver’s Help in a Sender
Page 305 and 306:
Receiver-Based Adaptive Rate Contro
Page 307 and 308:
Capacity and MAC Protocols The MAC
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Energy Conserving MAC Since many m
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A Power Aware Multi-Access Protocol
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PAMAS PAMAS uses a control channel
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Another Proposal in PAMAS To avoid
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UDP on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 317
Page 319 and 320:
UDP Performance Several relevant s
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UDP Performance Difficult to ident
Page 323 and 324:
Overview of Transmission Control Pr
Page 325 and 326:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Page 327 and 328:
Cumulative Acknowledgements A new
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Window Based Flow Control Sliding
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Window Based Flow Control Congesti
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How does TCP detect a packet loss?
Page 335 and 336:
Retransmission Timeout (RTO) calcul
Page 337 and 338:
Fast Retransmission Timeouts can t
Page 339 and 340:
Congestion Avoidance and Control S
Page 341 and 342:
Congestion Control On detecting a
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Congestion window (segments) 25 20
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ssthresh = Fast Recovery min(cwnd,
Page 347 and 348:
Slow-start Congestion avoidance F
Page 349 and 350:
Performance of TCP Several factors
Page 351 and 352:
Random Errors May Cause Fast Retran
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Page 355 and 356:
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Sometimes Congestion Response May b
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Burst Errors May Cause Timeouts If
Page 361 and 362:
Impact of Transmission Errors TCP
Page 363 and 364:
This Tutorial This tutorial consid
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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Mobility ca
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Impact of Multi-Hop Wireless Paths
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Ideal Throughput f(i) = fraction o
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Impact of Mobility 20 m/s 30 m/s Id
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Actual throughput But not always
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mobility causes link breakage, resu
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B C A Why Does Throughput Improve?
Page 379 and 380:
Network feedback How to Improve Thr
Page 381 and 382:
Actual throughput Performance Impro
Page 383 and 384:
Issues Network Feedback Network kn
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To Cache or Not to Cache Average sp
Page 387 and 388:
Issues To Cache or Not to Cache Ca
Page 389 and 390:
TCP Performance Two factors result
Page 391 and 392:
Issues RTO After Route Repair Same
Page 393 and 394:
Impact of Acknowledgements TCP Ack
Page 395 and 396:
Security Issues 395
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Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Ne
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Resurrecting Duckling [Stajano99]
Page 401 and 402:
Secure Routing Establishing a Cert
Page 403 and 404:
Techniques for Intrusion-Resistant
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Intrusion Detection [Zhang00Mobicom
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Packet Purse Model [Byttayn00MobiHo
Page 409 and 410:
Existing Implementations Several i
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CMU Implementation: Lessons Learned
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BBN Implementation [Ramanathan00Wcn
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Link layer Implementation Issues: W
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Implementation Issues: Address Assi
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Implementation Issues: Security Ho
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Implementation Issues Only some is
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Distributed Algorithms for Mobile A
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Distributed Algorithms There is al
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Related Standards Activities 427
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IE
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Bluetooth [Haartsen98,Bhagawat00Tut
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Bluetooth: Piconet A channel is ch
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Bluetooth: Scatternet Several pico
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Open Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networ
Page 439 and 440:
Related Research Areas Algorithms
Page 441:
Thank you !! For more information,
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