No. 237 Maritime Archaeology in the People's Republic of China ...

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scarcity around Jindezhen, forcing porcelain manufacturers to go 300 miles for wood by the 18th century (Rice, 1987:163). Coal mining was well developed in the Song Dynasty, though mainly in the northern part of China. Coal had the advantage of rapid ignition and a high lasting temperature, properties that allowed the clay, glaze and pigments to fully react chemically and resulted in better quality. Both fuels are used in Fujian Province today. Fireclay saggars (or saggers) were built as protective containers for firing. These were boxes of refactory clay in which one or more ceramic items were placed during firing, to shelter the pieces from direct flames or ash. In reduction firing, the saggar should be airtight and in oxidising firing air should be allowed to enter. These saggars absorbed substantial amounts of heat and different stacking methods were employed for ceramics inside according to the type of ceramic. The wares were either stacked upside down on unfired stepped rings with their mouth-rims unglazed to avoid fusing or in a saggar that required only the foot rim to be unglazed. Stacking of the bowls in the kiln can be established from the rims and unglazed portions of the bowls excavated from Bai Jiao 1. The black glazed bowl was fired in separate saggar firing moulds (Figure 39), while the celadon were stacked one bowl inside the other (Figure 40). For glost firings the glazed wares may have been carefully separated by small tripods called stilts or props so that they did not touch each other and mare the glaze. Stone weight (?) One stone weight was a recovered from Bai Jiao 1 and another was collected during a survey for new wrecks site. Identification of the use of these stone objects could not be confirmed, although net weights or perhaps sounding weights are a possible interpretation (Figure 41). Concretions Several small concretions were removed from the site, some embedded with ceramic material. Initial inspection what ferrous material formed the conglomerate although x-ray analysis will be undertaken in China. 85
Figure 133. Illustration of a Song Dynasty kiln made from excavation of the site (redrawn from Xiang Hai Tang, 1995:94, Fig 3.6.2). 86 0 metres 10 Figure 134. Saggar for a black bowl (redrawn from Xiang Hai Tang, 1995). Figure 135. Saggar for a celadon bowl (redrawn from Xiang Hai Tang, 1995). Stone weights (?) recovered from BJ1 and wreck survey, Figure 136. 1995 (CHI/BJ1/O/73).
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Maritime Archaeology in the People
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Section 1. Historical maritime trad
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Figure 59. Ko Si Chang 1, plan of c
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Introduction Jeremy Green This repo
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Chapter 1. Chinese shipbuilding in
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Figure 4. ANHUI JIANGXI GUANGDONG H
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Figure 6. Carving of a ship on a 3-
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Figure 12. Figure 13. A detail from
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Figure 16. The Moko Shurai Ekotoba
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Figure 18. Two medium sized Mongol
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Figure 22. Anchors from Mongol (lef
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Figure 29. Fuzhou built ship (Guang
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Nanjing Ningbo Ningbo at anchor Gun
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Figure 39. 20 Foremast step Stiffen
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Figure 42. View of the model of the
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Figure 52. Shinan Ship mast step ar
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Figure 55. Bulkhead from the Pattay
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The Ko Si Chang 2 Ship It is intere
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0.5m Bukit Jakas Manguin (1983a) an
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Chapter 4. Description of the Quanz
Page 43 and 44: Figure 75. Plan, lateral and longit
Page 45 and 46: Figure 79. The fore mast step at th
Page 47 and 48: Figure 83. 38 Cross-section at bulk
Page 49 and 50: Figure 88. Photograph at the time o
Page 51 and 52: Figure 92. Hypothetical reconstruct
Page 53 and 54: ends of the planks were seven bulkh
Page 55 and 56: fastened to both the bulkheads and
Page 57 and 58: ecent Chinese tradition. There is s
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 6. The maritime activities
Page 61 and 62: References Advanced Research Projec
Page 63 and 64: Pao Tsun-Phêng, 1967, A study of t
Page 66 and 67: Bai Jiao 1. The excavation of a shi
Page 68 and 69: This report is the result of a join
Page 70 and 71: Section 1. Historical maritime trad
Page 72 and 73: Figure 98. Part of 18th century Jap
Page 74 and 75: Section 2. Excavation of Bai Jiao 1
Page 76 and 77: 26ϒ 18'N 26ϒ 16'N 119ϒ 46'E Figu
Page 78 and 79: 0 metres 10 Bai Jiao Reef Figure 10
Page 80 and 81: each grid square. The grid frame wa
Page 82 and 83: Pieces of hawse wire found on the s
Page 84 and 85: Bamboo rope Rope was found in conju
Page 86 and 87: Figure 117. Black bowls showing ung
Page 88 and 89: Figure 123. Variation in diameter o
Page 90 and 91: Figure 126. Celadon A Type 1. Figur
Page 92 and 93: Also known as Wuni (black earth) wa
Page 96 and 97: 26ϒ 18'N 26ϒ 16'N 119ϒ 46'E 5 m
Page 98 and 99: Figure 138. Artefacts recovered fro
Page 100: Appendix 2. Wood identification Thr
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