No. 237 Maritime Archaeology in the People's Republic of China ...

Vessel No Direction Features
C1 (large)
Fig. 16 L
C2 (large)
Fig. 17 L
C3 (medium)
Fig. 17
C4 (medium)
Fig. 17
C5 (small)
Fig. 18
C6 (small)
Fig. 18
C7 (?)
Fig. 19
C8
Fig. 20
C9
Fig. 20
C10
Fig. 20
J1
Fig. 21
10
R near
R far
R far
R near frag.
R frag.
L near
frag.
L mid
frag.
L far
frag.
L near
J2 Fig. 21 L far As J1 but 4 rowers
J3, 4 & 5
not illustrated
Viewed three quarters bow-on. Windlass on bows with crooked support struts, c 9 oar holes, oars
shipped, wicker wash boards with 4 square ‘windows’ (note as described by Song Ying Xing,
above), raised decking, level with top of wash boards, running from stem area back to about
midships, aft a ladder (?) down to the deck below, indication of deck, raised deck in aft quarter.
Flag pole midships. Stern stepped with one small step and one larger step, with what looks like
tiles. Axial rudder in a slot. The vessel appears to have a hard chine
Viewed three quarters stern-on. Similar, but smaller than C1, strong sheer. Windlass on bows
with crooked support struts, 4 oars in operation, 3 rowers facing forward, oars have small handle
at end indication that they were sculling (yuloa) oars, wicker wash boards with no ‘windows’, the
raised decking, level with top of wash boards runs whole length of vessel (unlike C1). No flag
pole. Stern stepped with one small step and one larger step. No step forward but ‘flanges’ on
gunnel. Axial rudder set in slot at stern, hard chine, indication that the flat bottom runs upwards
past rudder slot to false stern transom. At least 3 drums or gongs being used (sounding alert?).
Square shield at stern.
Strong sheer. Vessel appears to be approaching and attacking the Japanese on board Vessel C1.
This vessel has a crooked support structure with the windlass unshipped possibly to allow archers
to operate in the bow section. This vessel seems to have two large masts the aft leaning back
towards the stern the forward leaning towards the bow. The illustration is unusual as it cuts off
the lower part of both C3 and C4 with the background of C2. This may be an artistic convention
or a repair to the scroll. On the stern of the vessel a steersman (?) is seated on the single step.
Little can be seen of the interior of the vessel because of the screening of C2. Evidence of wash
screens on far side of vessel. Square shields at bow.
Similar to and behind C3 (obscured and fragmentary). No evidence of crooked structure, largely
obscured by C3. Square shields at bow.
Small, very crowded vessel with slight sheer flattening at bow. Bow lateral section is slightly
concave (downwards). Ring on front with small bow transom. Wash strake of some sort,
uncertain stern. Vessel appears to be round bottomed. Evidence of oars or yuloa. Occupants with
padded ‘armour’, numerous shields with swastika and lotus-form tops. Numerous incoming
arrows.
This vessel has similar ring in bow, round bottomed. Otherwise quite different with wicker wash
boards, a steep bow with section at the top flattening to the front with a small flag pole.
Numerous incoming arrows.
Section of crowded vessel with steep bow, and smooth sheer with no recurve at bow, round
bottomed. Bow ring and small flag pole on bow. Decorated wash board and small mast without
sail. Shields are lotus-form with square section in centre, possibly a peep hole.
Vessel moving away from the action, largely occupied with non-combatant personnel. Rowed
with 2 oars visible (far side, near side obscured). Axial rudder. Square flat 'tiled' area on poop
with upward-sweeping poop. Wicker shields. Pole mast. Curved and decorated square stem with 2
projecting horizontal beams as part of continuation of sheer.
Vessel, lower part obscured, stern upward-rising with upward projecting beams continuing sheer
line. Part of rugger slot in stern, but rudder not visible. Wicker shields and wicker washboards
running along mid body of ship. Pole mast and fore mast. Stem with two slightly upward
projecting beams with suspended anchor.
Two oars visible (far side, near side obscured). Flat stern as C8 with 'tiles'. Decorated sheer. Main
and aft mast. Bow section with series of 'steps' up to flat area with ornate ironwork (?) two
horizontal projecting beams
Small crowded vessel with axial rudder, hard chine being rowed with 6 sets of yuola (oars have
clear right angled stub which the oarsmen are grasping. Oarsmen, facing aft crouch on an external
framework. The rudder has a rope for lifting or tilting. There is a small stocked anchor which
seems to have a stone(?) stock at right angles to the two shafts. See Fig. 21.
Three small rowed vessels with oarsmen facing forward. Axial rudder in a transom thwart beam
with slot for shaft of rudder.