CDP - Municipal

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Final City Development Plan for Valparai 

1 Valparai Municipality : A Profile ........................................................................................................ 1 

1.1 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 1 

1.2 Demography ..................................................................................................................................... 1 

1.3 Literacy ............................................................................................................................................. 1 

1.4 Workers ............................................................................................................................................ 1 

1.5 Economy ........................................................................................................................................... 1 

1.6 Municipal Wards ............................................................................................................................... 2 

1.7 Decadal population ........................................................................................................................... 3 

1.8 Housing ............................................................................................................................................. 3 

1.9 Population projections ...................................................................................................................... 4 

2 SWOT Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 5 

3 Vision Statement ................................................................................................................................. 6 

3.1 Public Consultation and Public opinion survey ................................................................................. 6 

3.2 Results of Public Opinion Survey ..................................................................................................... 6 

3.3 Vision ................................................................................................................................................ 7 

4 Civic Services: A Review of Operating Performance .................................................................... 8 

4.1 Water supply ..................................................................................................................................... 8 

4.2 Underground drainage .................................................................................................................... 12 

4.3 Solid Wastes Management ............................................................................................................. 13 

4.4 Storm Water Drains ........................................................................................................................ 17 

4.5 Roads ............................................................................................................................................. 18 

4.6 Street Lights .................................................................................................................................... 19 

4.7 Slums .............................................................................................................................................. 20 

5 Municipal Financial Performance: An Analysis ............................................................................ 21 

5.1 Revenue Account ........................................................................................................................... 21 

5.2 Capital Account ............................................................................................................................... 21 

5.3 Revenue Expenditure ..................................................................................................................... 24 

5.4 Issues ............................................................................................................................................. 28 

5.5 Expenditure on services ................................................................................................................. 29 

6 Municipal Expenditure Management .............................................................................................. 31 

7 Asset Management Plan .................................................................................................................. 35 

7.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 35 

7.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 35 

7.3 Outputs Expected ........................................................................................................................... 36 

7.4 Asset inventory ............................................................................................................................... 36 

7.5 Strategies ........................................................................................................................................ 37 

8 Organization of Valparai Municipality ........................................................................................... 38 

9 Urban Services Development and Provision ................................................................................. 43 

9.1 Norms for core services .................................................................................................................. 43 

9.2 Projections: Sector-wise Service Requirements ............................................................................ 43 

10 Capital Investment Plan ................................................................................................................... 53 

10.1 Water supply: .............................................................................................................................. 53 

10.2 Underground Drainage: .............................................................................................................. 53 

10.3 Solid Waste Management .......................................................................................................... 53 

10.4 Storm Water Drains .................................................................................................................... 53 

10.5 Roads ......................................................................................................................................... 54 

10.6 Street Lighting ............................................................................................................................. 55 

10.7 Additional Infrastructure Requirements ...................................................................................... 55 

10.8 Capital investment Plan .............................................................................................................. 56 

11 Financial Operating Plan ................................................................................................................. 57 

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LIST OF TABLES 


Table 1.1 : Ward Reservation Details ............................................................................................................... 2 

Table 1.2 : Ward - Wise population details as per 2001 Census .................................................................... 2 

Table 1.3 : Decadal population growth ............................................................................................................. 3 

Table 1.4 : Condition of Houses ....................................................................................................................... 3 

Table 1.5 : Details of houses as per predominant material of roof ................................................................... 3 

Table 2.1 : Swot Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 5 

Table 4.1 : Water drawn from different sources ............................................................................................... 8 

Table 4.2 : Other sources of water supply ........................................................................................................ 9 

Table 4.3 : Water storage and water distribution details ................................................................................. 9 

Table 4.4 : Details of house service connections (as on 31-05-2006). .......................................................... 10 

Table 4.5 : Sources of drinking water ............................................................................................................. 10 

Table 4.6 : Location of drinking water source ................................................................................................. 11 

Table 4.7 : Water Supply Service indicators .................................................................................................. 12 

Table 4.8 : Type of latrine within the house .................................................................................................... 12 

Table 4.9 : Details of markets. ........................................................................................................................ 13 

Table 4.10 : Details of medical institutions. .................................................................................................... 13 

Table 4.11 : No. of hostels/ restaurants in the city. ....................................................................................... 13 

Table 4.12 : Composition of Waste ............................................................................................................... 13 

Table 4.13 : Break up of waste generated .................................................................................................... 14 

Table 4.14 : Per capita Solid Wastes Generation ......................................................................................... 14 

Table 4.15 : Details of Waste Storage depots .............................................................................................. 15 

Table 4.16 : Details of Sanitary staff ............................................................................................................. 15 

Table 4.17 : Deployments of Sanitary Workers ............................................................................................. 16 

Table 4.18 : Details of Transportation Vehicles ............................................................................................. 16 

Table 4.19 : Solid wastes management service indicators ............................................................................ 17 

Table 4.20 : Details of Open Storm Water Drains: ......................................................................................... 17 

Table 4.21 : Details of Connectivity for waste out let for waste ...................................................................... 18 

Table 4.22 : Details of Road network. ............................................................................................................ 18 

Table 4.23 : Municipal Roads: Service Indicators ......................................................................................... 19 

Table 4.24 : Details of Street Lights ............................................................................................................. 19 

Table 4.25 : Street lights-Indicators ................................................................................................................ 19 

Table 4.26 : Details of Slums ......................................................................................................................... 20 

Table 5.1 : Municipal income .......................................................................................................................... 22 

Table 5.2 : Sources of Income ........................................................................................................................ 23 

Table 5.3 : Details of Municipal Expenditure ................................................................................................. 24 

Table 5.4 : O&M expenditure on urban services ............................................................................................ 25 

Table 5.5 : Operation and maintenance expenditure on water supply ........................................................... 26 

Table 5.6 : Operation and maintenance expenditure on solid wastes management. .................................... 27 

Table 5.7 : Operation and maintenance expenditure on street lights ............................................................. 27 

Table 5.8 : Maintenance expenditure on storm water drainage .................................................................... 27 

Table 5.9 : Maintenance expenditure on Roads ............................................................................................ 28 

Table 5.10 : Power charges incurred on urban services ............................................................................... 28 

Table 5.11 : Financial indicators ..................................................................................................................... 30 

Table 6.1 :Details of Measures to Improve Municipal Service delivery ......................................................... 31 

Table 8.1 : Urban services: Delivery mechanism ........................................................................................... 38 

Table 8.2 : Functions of the Committees ........................................................................................................ 39 

Table 8.3 : Municipal Departments and Functions ......................................................................................... 39 

Table 8.4 : Details of Staffing Pattern ............................................................................................................. 41 

Table 9.1 : Underground Drainage ................................................................................................................. 44 

Table 9.2 : Solid wastes management: Issues and interventions .................................................................. 45 

Table 9.3 : Projected waste generation .......................................................................................................... 46 

Table 9.4 : Specifications for Bin System of Waste Storage at Source ......................................................... 47 

Table 9.5 : Proposed Primary Collection System ........................................................................................... 47 

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Table 9.6 : Requirements of tools and equipment for Solid Wastes Management ........................................ 48 

Table 9.7 : Storm water drains: Issues and interventions .............................................................................. 48 

Table 9.8 : Requirements of Storm Water Drains ......................................................................................... 49 

Table 9.9 : Roads: Issues and interventions .................................................................................................. 50 

Table 9.10 : Requirements of Roads .............................................................................................................. 51 

Table 9.11 : Street lights: Issues and interventions ........................................................................................ 51 

Table 9.12 : Requirements of Street lighting .................................................................................................. 52 

Table 9.13: Additional Infrastructures Required ............................................................................................. 52 

Table 10.1 : Investment in underground drainage .......................................................................................... 53 

Table 10.2 : Requirements of tools and equipment for Solid Wastes Management ...................................... 53 

Table 10.3 : Capital investments for drains .................................................................................................... 54 

Table 10.4 : Capital Investment for Road ....................................................................................................... 54 

Table 10.5 : Capital investment in Street lighting ........................................................................................... 55 

Table 10.6 :Additional Infrastructures Required ............................................................................................. 55 

Table 10.7 : Capital investment requirement for 2010, 2025 and 2040 ......................................................... 56 

Table 11.1: Sector wise phasing of investment ............................................................................................. 57 

Table 11.2: Percentage Spending Per Year .................................................................................................. 57 

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BACKGROUND 

a) Introduction 


The Government of Tamil Nadu faces unique challenges of urbanization taking place in the state to 

provide adequate infrastructure facilities to support the rapid urban growth as well as enhance the 

economic potential of the various urban centers in the state of Tamil Nadu. Demand for 

infrastructure has been increasing over the years as a result of overall economic growth, higher 

level of education and general improvement in the standard of living. Realizing the importance of 

urban centers and infrastructure in the country and as the prime engines of economic activities and 

generators of national wealth, various national level schemes have been formulated called Urban 

Infrastructure scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Integrated Housing and Slum 

Development Program (IHSDP). 

The Commissioner of Municipal Administration (CMA), Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai 

intends to assist in strengthening and improving the financial position for effective capital 

investment management and urban service delivery in the ULBs. 

Need for the Study 

Considering the existing physical and social infrastructure facilities and visualizing the good 

potential for future growth and immediate implementation of financial reforms in select ULBs, the 

CMA decided to develop City Development Plans for select ULBs with very good potential for future 

growth. The Consultants were assigned the responsibility of developing the CDPs for ten Grade III 

municipalities, namely, Nallur, Goundampalayam, Gudalur, Kuniyamutur, Kuruchi, Nalliyalam, 

Palladam, Punjai Puliampatti, Valparai and Velampalayam. The CDP shall be prepared keeping in 

view of the tool kits, guidelines and instructions provided by the Ministry of Urban Development 

under JNNURM. 

Objectives of the study 

The main objective of CDP is to visualize the town in the next 25-30 years and 

1. Define the growth directions and service up-gradation in relation to the activity mix/ growth; 

Assess the demand for the projects specified by the ULBs, and come out with gap in services 

with respect to the vision; 

2. Broadly outline the infrastructure needs; 

3. Improve infrastructure facilities and to create durable public assets and quality oriented services 

in the ULBs. 

4. Define specific rehabilitation of infrastructure and capital improvement needs with regard to 

provision of infrastructure in both slums and other areas; 

5. Indicate the priority of projects 

6. Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required to sustain the 

rehabilitation proposed; 

7. Reforms required in local administration and service delivery including public-private 

partnership in infrastructure development. 

8. Suggest Measures to address common growth and infrastructure issues and to promote 

integrated development. 

9. Management changes required at the local level to improve O&M of assets. 

10. Possibilities of strengthening e-governance in these towns. 

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) Scope of Work 


The scope of services for converting CDP to Business Plan broadly covers the following areas. 

The scope of work covers but not limited to the following. 

1. Study of existing setup of ULBs, analysis of various projects executed or taken in hand to 

formulate the background. The Consultants shall prepare the CDP with future vision as 

envisaged by Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns 

(UIDSSMT) Scheme Agenda. 

2. A situation analysis with regard to demographic and economic trends in the town and their 

implications for ULB governance and service delivery systems and structures referring to the 

jurisdiction of Town level agencies involved in provision and regulation of urban public services 

(i.e. water supply, sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, road network, urban 

transport, street lighting, redevelopment of inner (old) area of the town, basic services to urban 

poor and other social infrastructure) should be carried out. The financial status of the 

municipality and agencies concerned with service provision including an analysis of their credit 

worthiness and efficiency of the institutional framework. 

3. A future perspective for the town clearly showing the direction of change as well as economic 

and basic service vision (Sectoral agenda, reform agenda, quality of life, urban services, social 

inclusion, etc.) 

4. Alternatives and Development strategies for Economic development, Governance, Land use, 

Urban Poor, Core Municipal Infrastructure, Urban Environment and Cultural heritage with 

proper prioritisation criteria and linkage with Reform Agendas. Preparation of a phased action 

plan with targets for physical and financial investments, reforms, capacity building project 

identification and prioritization. 

5. Assess the demand for the projects listed out by these Municipalities and analyze demand for 

the next 25-30 years 

6. Financial assessment of the ULBs an assessment of local finances (past 5 years) in terms of 

sources and uses of funds, base and basis of levy, revision history and Impacts. State 

assignments and transfers-base and basis of transfer and its Predictability; uses of funds 

outstanding liabilities (loans, power dues, pension etc) and, a review of revenue and service 

management arrangements. Levels of Services, coverage and quality of municipal services in 

both poor and non-poor localities. Staffing and management arrangements in delivery of 

services. 

7. Outline the issues in revenue realizations, quality of existing assets in relation to service levels 

and coverage, and institutional constraints. Develop quick indicators of performance, based on 

• Current coverage and additional population in the medium term (10 years) and unit costs, 

indicate town level investment requirement for up gradation of infrastructure 

• To improve service coverage and asset quality; 

8. Prepare a comprehensive Asset Management Plan and use fiscal notes and policy analysis to 

assist in making informed investment choices to achieve sector/city goals 

9. Define priority assets and indicative costs of rehabilitation 

10. Conduct fiscal impact analysis of investments : life – cycle O & M Costs, revenues from 

projects, and costs/impacts on finances and of not doing the project 

11. Explore funding options for rehabilitation of facilities 

12. Prepare a financial and operating plan (FOP). The FOP is a medium term frame work of the 

ULBs, and shall present the following :- 

A. Assess the impact the upgrading these as municipalities from town panchayats. 

B. Additional data to be collected by the consultant 

• Break up of energy cost of WS, Street lighting and other EB charges etc. 

• Salary for all the departments including staff and payments to private operators 

• Finding out the benchmark cost i.e. at ideal condition what will be cost of the identified 

investments, a table indicating the investment plan for next 5 years with identified source of 

finance 

C. Areas of reduction in expenditure 

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• Energy audit resulting in savings in energy. 

• Leak detection resulting either in connections or in the tariff (or) maintaining the same 

supply and achieving a reduction in energy cost 

• Privatizing the MSW collection and identifying a BoT operator for eliminating, composting 

etc. items of revenue can be identified. 

• Laying of Cement concrete road/Fly ash and savings on maintenance cost resulting in 

increasing operating surplus. 

• Water Recycling/reuse 

• Rejuvenation of tanks and reduction of cost/liters of water produced 

• Privatization & option for revenue rising 

D. Options for increasing the revenues through non-traditional methods including land 

development for raising revenue (not the traditional commercial complexes) and Suggestion for 

improvement of revenues. 

13. Initiate consultations with council and local stakeholders on the priorities; redefine priorities 

(rerun FOP if required) and work with the Council to resolve on adoption of the City’s FOP and 

CDP actions. 

14. Draft Report and Final reports must be presented to the council. 

15. Finalize Action Plan for the City, with a resolution from the council on the priorities and 

commitment to implement revenue and management improvement measures. 

16. To Prepare MOU between ULB and State Level Nodal Agency to implement UIDSSMT / IHSDP 

Detailed tasks performed 

The consultant, in this process of CDP preparation, assisted and encouraged full participation and 

consensus within the city stakeholders to arrive at an adequate, appropriate and agreed strategy. 

The consultant’s process has ensured that the process received adequate and appropriate 

methodological and technical guidance in examining the full range of environmental, social, 

economic and health issues in the city and through communication, consultation and consensus 

building. 

The consultant’s responsibilities included the following: 

In the early stages informed, consulted and assisted the ULB in assessment and in consultations. 

The consultant developed and supported appropriate participatory methodologies to ensure 

communication, consultation, and consensus building among stakeholders. The Consultants 

conducted Consultation Workshops with stakeholders for development of the town including 

Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Ward councilors, representatives of Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 

Educational institutions, District administration, Government officials & NGOs, etc. Opinion survey 

was carried out to get the views and feedback of the project stakeholders using a structured 

questionnaire. A copy of city opinion questionnaire was given by the client. As envisaged in the 

TOR, opinion survey forms have also been filled by the various groups of stake holders in the 

municipality. 

Two stage workshop/meeting was conducted by the consultant; 

In the first stage at Regional level, Regional Director of Municipal Administration, Tiruppur, Regional 

Executive Engineer, all Executive Officers, all Chairpersons, all Sanitary Inspectors of the towns in 

the Region were invited; 

In the second stage Workshop/meeting was organized at the municipality level. 

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The consultant reviewed all studies, plans and previous experience in the town, government, quasior 

non-government, academic or private sector. This included economic development, urban and 

financial management, environmental protection, municipal service delivery, slum improvement, 

social development and any other relevant initiatives or studies. 

The consultant analyzed findings and drew out useful lessons to form the Action Plan. The process 

primarily focused upon the areas of concern that emerged out of the CDP process. The focus 

areas identified were: 

a) Urban Economic Development 

b) Social Assessment 

c) Urban Infrastructure 

d) Human Resources and Institutional Issues 

e) Financial Management 

f) Urban Performance Indicator, and 

g) Environmental Management 

At all stages, the consultant worked in such a way that encourages the institutionalization of the 

planning methodologies and processes in the ULBs. This included identifying and working 

alongside counterparts, involving and supporting stakeholders in the working with new 

methodologies, assisting the management of the process and building constructive relationships 

with key stakeholders. 

Documentation of consultation process was carried out as part of this assignment. 

c) City Development Plan 

The City Development Plan is a strategic plan, which sets out in detail the policy and investment 

options. The plan sets out baseline for the performance of the municipality, its priorities and aims 

for future. The Business Plan is the tool to implement projects and reforms to be undertaken by the 

ULB. In addition, the Business Plan would formulate strength for additional resource mobilization to 

enhance the credit worthiness of the ULB 

Consultant’s Approach for the study 

The approach of the City Development Plan is iterative in nature and is presented in Figure 1.1 For 

the formulation of the City Corporate Plan cum Business Plan, the future vision of the city was 

developed through a participatory approach, initiated in November 2007. Public Consultations were 

conducted at the town level with the Municipal Councilors, officials, line agencies and identified 

stakeholders. 

Source of Data 

A varied list of organizations apart from Valparai municipality were consulted for putting together 

the data presented in the report and used for analysis by the consultant through the City 

Development Plan preparation process. 

vii

Multistakeholder 

Consultations 

The city Assessment 

Opportunities, Strengths, risks, 

and weaknesses 

Unmet demand/gap 


The census data for the town is made available by the directorate of Census operations 

Tamil Nadu. Institutions and organizations like DTCP, DIC, TWAD Board, IMA, Local NGOs, 

Private organizations etc have provided the necessary data for the respective services. 

The municipality has provided the necessary data with respect to infrastructure at the ward level. 

This was instrumental in preparation of the City Investment plan, which includes Capital Investment 

program for the municipality and prioritizing the needs at the local level. 

Figure 1.1: Consultant’s Approach 

Future Perspective and Vision 

Direction of change and 

expectations 

Strategies for Development 

Options and Strategies 

Link with Reform Agenda 

Criteria for Prioritisation 

City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives 

Parameters 

• Demography 

• Economic Base 

• Financial 

• Physical and 

Environment 

• Infrastructure 

• Institutions 

• Universalisation of 

Services especially to 

the urban poor 

Sectors/Components 

• Environmental Services 

• Social Infrastructure 

• Urban Renewal 

• Transport and Roads 

Services to the urban 

poor 

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d) Report Structure 


Chapter 1 presents the detailed profile of the town. It presents demographic characteristics, socioeconomic 

characteristics, physical & geographical characteristics, population projections, linkages 

& connectivity to nearby locations, etc. The chapter also provides a brief economic profile of the 

town. This chapter also gives details of various municipal wards in the town. 

Chapter 2 presents a SWOT analysis of the town. Before planning to start some new work, it is 

absolutely essential to know the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that exist. This 

analysis helps in better management of precious resources. 

Chapter 3 presents the results of the public consultative meetings and public opinion surveys. 

Based on the results of public consultative meetings and public opinion surveys, a Vision for the 

town has also been presented. 

Chapter 4 presents details of existing civic infrastructure in the city, namely, water supply, 

sanitation, solid waste management, roads, storm water drainage and street lighting. 

Chapter 5 presents a detailed analysis of the finances of the municipality. Detailed financial 

analysis has been presented in the chapter on the revenue income and revenue expenditure. Key 

financial indicators of the municipality have also been discussed in the chapter. 

Chapter 6 gives details of the measures to be initiated to effect savings in the provision of various 

civic services. Besides some case studies too have been provided to provide insight about new and 

innovative ideas to solve various problems and also raise funds. 

Chapter 7 lists out problems encountered in the maintaining the existing assets and suggests 

strategy for taking care of existing assets rather than purchase new assets. 

Chapter 8 presents the details of organization of the Municipality. 

Chapter 9 presents the issues and suggested interventions for various civic services in order to 

provide services in an efficient way to the population in future. Various tables have been provided 

for different services which try to project demand for various services for a duration of 25-30 years. 

Based on the anticipated demand for various services, projects have been suggested. 

Chapter 10 presents capital investment plans for various civic services. 

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1 Valparai Municipality : A Profile 

1.1 Location 


Valparai is one of the attractive scenic tourist spots in Tamil Nadu. It is located above 3,500 feet 

from the sea level on the Annamalai mountain range. It is a town located on the western ghats, 105 

km away from Coimbatore. 

This Municipality is located in Valparai taluk in the district of Coimbatore. This local body was 

upgraded as Grade III Municipality in August 2004. 

In Valparai, there are several tea and coffee estates, dams, water falls and 15 tea factories. 

Valparai totally gives us a wonderful natural scenery, which stands majestically with forest all 

around. Sholayar Dam in Valparai is a fantastic dam to watch. Other important places to visit 

around Valparai are Balaji temple, Puncha Mugha Vinayagar Koil and spread across tea estates. 

1.2 Demography 

1.3 Literacy 

According to 2001 Census, the town has a population of 95107 0f which 46961(49%) are males 

and 48146 (51%) are females. The projected population of the town in 2006 is estimated to be 

103,930. 

1.4 Workers 

The total number of households in the town is 24235 as per 2001 Census. 

The literacy rate in the town is 80.13 with 37268 (55%) males and 30467(45%) females’ literates. 

The total work force in the town is 51%. In absolute terms, out of 48552 total workers, 25338(52%) 

and 23214 (49%) are males and females respectively. 

1.5 Economy 

Valparai in concentrated with Tea and Coffee estates. Most of the people in Valparai work in these 

estates. Valparai can be accessed either from Pollachi or from Chalakudy, Kerala located on the 

1


western side of Anamalai Range. The climate is suitable for cultivation of Tea, Coffee, Cardamom 

and Cincona. 

1.6 Municipal Wards 

The total area of this local body is 217.87 sq.kms. The town is divided into 21 wards of which 6 are 

general wards, 3 are reserved for women, 8 for scheduled castes and 4 for scheduled caste 

women. 

Table 1.1 : Ward Reservation Details 

S.no Category Total 

1 General 6 

2 Women(General) 3 

3 SC(General) 8 

4 SC (Women) 4 

Total 21 

(Source: Collected from Valparai Municipality) 

The following table gives the ward wise details of population. 

Table 1.2 : Ward - Wise population details as per 2001 Census 

Ward Total 

Male Female 

No. Population 

1 3638 1890 1748 

2 4393 2170 2223 

3 4468 2136 2332 

4 4091 1963 2128 

5 5280 2609 2671 

6 4791 2413 2378 

7 3673 1835 1838 

8 4854 2377 2477 

9 6828 3441 3387 

10 3779 1922 1857 

11 3705 1843 1862 

12 3707 1846 1861 

13 5061 2472 2589 

14 4929 2377 2552 

15 5272 2613 2659 

16 3949 1973 1976 

17 4939 2379 2560 

18 4240 2069 2171 

19 5238 2596 2642 

20 3735 1815 1920 

21 4537 2222 2315 

Total 95107 46961 48146 

(Source: Census of India, 2001) 

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1.7 Decadal population 

The following table gives the decadal population growth of the town. 

Table 1.3 : Decadal population growth 

S.no Year Population Decadal growth rate 

1 1981 99642 13% 

2 1991 106534 7% 

3 2001 95107 (-)10.4% 

1.8 Housing 


The following table gives the details of housing conditions in the town as per 2001 Census.. 

Table 1.4 : Condition of Houses 

Type of structure Number of units Percentage 

Permanent 21,686 93 

Semi-permanent 1,539 6 

Temporary 192 1 

Total 23,417 100 

Diagram 1 : Condition of Houses 

The following table gives the details of houses as per predominant material of roof. 

Table 1.5 : Details of houses as per predominant material of roof 

Predominant material of roof Number of units Percentage 

Grass, thatch, bamboo, wood,etc 228 1 

Plastic, polythene 53 0 

Tiles 13,777 50 

G.I., Metal, asbestos sheets 12,267 44 

Brick 50 0 

Stone 61 0 

3

Slate 4 0 

Concrete 1,187 4 

Any other material 120 1 

Total 27,747 100 

Diagram 2 : Details of houses as per predominant material of roof 

1.9 Population projections 


Population of this Municipality is 97000 (year 2009) But we have calculated the population in the 

township area covering the ward no’s 1(partly) 6, 8, 9 & 10. Since remaining wards are comes 

under private Tea Estate area. 

Table 1.6 : Population projections 

S. 

No 

Method of Calculation 

Present 

Population 

2009 

2010 2025 2040 

1 Geometric Method 25901 25995 27442 28970 

2 Exponential Method 25901 26810 28397 30078 

3 Decadal Growth Rate 25901 26812 28330 29848 

For calculation purpose Exponential method has been selected. 

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2 SWOT Analysis 


The assessment of the status of the various sectors in the town has brought in a set of issues for 

city development. While all issues are important, it is essential to approach them on a selective 

basis taking into consideration the prioritization done based on several criteria including stakeholder 

perception and technical assessment. 

Further, assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the town, 

which are presented in the following table, forms a basis for the preparation of the City 

Development Plan (CDP). 

Table 2.1 : Swot Analysis 

Strengths 

• High literacy rate (80%). 

• Majority of population is working population 

(51%). 

• Sound economic base. 

Weaknesses 

• Poor accessibility. 

• Municipal development is restricted due to 

paucity of land resources. 

• Absence of adequate civic infrastructure: 

• Existence of a large number of slums which 

are located on private land. 

• Uncontrolled and illegal conversion of 

agricultural land in the planning area to 

residential uses. 

• Inadequate institutional arrangements for 

efficient municipal governance. 

• Absence of city development plan to guide its 

growth. 

Threats 

• Pressure on already strained existing 

urban infrastructural services and 

absence of adequate civic infrastructure 

may act as a deterrent for new 

entrepreneur. 

• Growth of town is restricted due to non 

availability of land for extension of 

municipal limits. 

• Decrease in decadal population growth 

rate (1991-2001). 

Opportunities 

• Capable of development as a service 

centre for its hinterland 

• Development of agro based small and 

medium scale industrial units. 

• Tourism potential could be beneficially 

tapped. 

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3 Vision Statement 

3.1 Public Consultation and Public opinion survey 


In order to ascertain the issues and challenges the civic infrastructure which the town is confronting 

developmental opportunities and feasible approaches to resolve them and the Vision which they 

have for their town, Public Consultative Meet was held. (Details are given in Annexure 1). 

The main issues which emerged out during the consultation and based on public opinion survey are 

as follows: 

• Need for equitable distribution of civic services in the town; 

• Improved efficiency in municipal governance; 

• Need for improved water supply system for the town; 

• Need for the provision of underground drainage system; 

• Improvements in management of solid wastes. 

• Need to widen the existing roads and formation of new roads with adequate footpaths. 

• Provision of adequate street lights; 

• Need for improved living conditions in slums. 

3.2 Results of Public Opinion Survey 

In order to ascertain the views of the various stakeholders with regard to the provision of various 

civic services public opinion survey was undertaken. 

The following diagram represents the stakeholder’s responses about the problems in civic service 

provision. 

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3.3 Vision 

Diagram 3: Civic services provision: Problems 


The vision that emerged based on the outcome of the Stakeholders’ consultative workshop and the 

results of the public opinion survey is that the town wishes as follows. 

• Develop as a tourist destination 

• Provide sustainable and vibrant economy (tourist/ agro-industry based); 

• Ensure a high quality of urban life; 

• Develop an unique urban image flowing out of natural heritage and 

• Provide transparent, participative and efficient municipal governance. 

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4 Civic Services: A Review of Operating Performance 

4.1 Water supply 

Water Sources: 

The first Water Supply Scheme in Valparai Municipality was commissioned in October 1984 with 

construction of Akkamalai check dam across Nanduvar River. 

Besides this source, water is also drawn from three open tube wells. From all the sources, 

presently, 97 lakh liters per day of water is being drawn and distributed through 11 water reservoirs. 

The following table gives the details of the water drawn from different sources. 

Table 4.1 : Water drawn from different sources 

S.No Name of the 

Water Supply 

Scheme 

Source 

and 

Location 

of the 

Head 

Works 

Distance 

of the 

Head 

Works 

from the 

Town 

Quantity 

of water 

supplied 

to 

wayside 

villages 

Quantity 

of Water 

drawn 

from the 

Scheme 

(in MLD) 

Total 

quantity of 

water 

drawn 

from the 

head 

works day 

Remarks 

1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

1. Akkamalai Karumalai 8.5km - 0.75 0.75 Separate water 

Water Suply 

supply scheme 

WATER DRAWN FROM OPEN WELL 

2. " Rottikadai 0.800 - 0.10 0.10 Water drawn 

3. " Paralai 0.300 - 0.02 0.02 

from open well 

" 

4. " Sholayar 2.500 - 0.10 0.10 Water drawn 

from open well 

and 

source 

spring 

Total 

(Source: Data provided by the Valparai Municipality) 

0.97 0.97 

8

Other Sources of Supply 

The following table gives the details of other sources of water supply: 

Table 4.2 : Other sources of water supply 

a) No. of Power Pumps / OHT capacity / No. 14 

b) No. of Public Fountains 9 

c) No. of Hand Pumps 9 

d) No. of Open Wells 5 


Water supply to Wards numbers 1,2,3,4,5,11 to 16, 18 to 21 (15 wards) is being made by the 

Estate management. 

Water Distribution 

The town has 11 reservoirs of varying capacity and public fountains to supply water to different 

wards in the town. 

The following table gives the details of service reservoirs. 

Table 4.3 : Water storage and water distribution details 

S.No Location of the OHT / 

GLR 

1. 

Co- Op. Colony I 

Class House 

Capacity 

(Lakh 

Litres) 

62.500 Liter 

10.000 Liter 

Length of 

distribution main 

from the OHT / 

GLR 

Wards 

covered 

2500 mt 8, 9 20 

2. Co- Op. Colony II 62.500 Liter 1250 mt 8, 9 9 

3. Ceylon Colony I 

Ceylon Colony II 

37.500 Liter 

37.500 

500 mt 9 7 

4. Gandhi nagar GLR 37.500 liter - 9 2 

5. Kakkan Colony 20.000Liter 980 mt 9 11 

6. Vazhaithottam I 

Vazhaithoottam II 

62.500 Liter 

37.500 Liter 

2130 mt 9, 10 27 

7. Rottikadai I 

Rottikadai II 

32.000 Liter 

25.500 Liter 

1100 mt 6 14 

8. Paralai I 

Paralai II 

5.000 Liter 

5.000 Liter 

250 mt 7 3 

9. Stonmore 10.000 Liter 350 mt 7 3 

10. Sholayar dam I 

Sholayar dam II 

10.000 Liter 

25.000 Liter 

750 mt 17 8 

11. Sadal dam 25.000 Liter 380 mt 17 4 

Total 108 


No. of 

Public 

Fountains 

(Ward numbers 1,2,3,4,5,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21 comes under Tea Estate area 

and the Estate Management provides water supply to the residents of these areas who works in the 

Tea estates). 

According to the Municipal officials, there is inadequate number of reservoirs which is presenting 

problem in ensuring proper distribution of water to the residents of the town. 

9

Water connections 


The total number of sanctioned water connections in the town is 2300. One thousand connections 

have been given of which 957 are domestic ones and 43 are commercial ones. 

The following table gives the details of the house connections as in May 2006. 

Table 4.4 : Details of house service connections (as on 31-05-2006). 

S.No No. of HSC HSC available Non No. of additional 

Sanctioned Domestic 

Domestic HSC required 

Tap Rate Metered 

1. 2300 957 - 43 - - 


The following table gives the source of drinking water as per 2001 Census. 

Table 4.5 : Sources of drinking water 

Source of drinking water Number of units Percentage 

Tap 22,319 93 

Hand pump 267 1 

Tube well 241 1 

Tanks, ponds, lake 9 0 

Well 436 2 

River, Canal 135 1 

Spring 505 2 

Any other 53 0 

Total 23,965 100 

Diagram 4 : Source of drinking water 

Remarks 

10

The location of drinking water source, as per 2001 Census, is as follows. 

Table 4.6 : Location of drinking water source 

Location of drinking water source Number of units Percentage 

Within Premises 4,111 17 

Near Premises 19,097 80 

Away 757 3 

Total 23,965 

Diagram 5 : Location of drinking water source 

Stand posts 

The total number of stand posts is 108. 

Frequency of Supply 

Once in three days for 2 hrs. 

Per capita supply 


The per capita supply is 135 lpcd. According to the norms of the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and 

Drainage Board, the service provision is average. 

Since this project is more the 20 years old, the main pipe lines have been rusted and needs 

maintenance very often. Hence, another Water project has been designed to be undertaken 

through TWAD. 

11

Water supply indicators 


The following table gives the comparative assessment of water supply service levels: 

The following table indicates the performance of water sector as against the national 

standards. 

Table 4.7 : Water Supply Service indicators 

S.n Indicator Unit Existing situation Bench mark 

1 Per capita supply Lpcd 135 lpcd 90lpcd 

2 Transmission and distribution Percentage 15% 

losses 

3 Frequency of supply Day/hours Once in three days for a 

period of one and half to 

two hours. 

Daily 

4 Population 

population 

served to total Percentage 

100% 

5 Storage 

supply 

capacity to total Percentage 67% > 33 

6 Public stand posts Total 

number 

108 

7 Length of distribution net work 

126.50 kms >85% 

(Percentage of Road length) 

8 Percentage of assessments Percentage 

covered by house service 

9 

connections 

Number of persons in slums 

per stand post 

Number 47 persons 

10 Revenue per 1000 litres Rs 0.20 

11 Cost per 1000 litres Rs 18.06 

12 Annual revenue per house 

service connection 

Rs 1342.00 

13 Annual expenditure per house 


Rs 2320.86 

(Worked from the data provided by Valparai Municipality) 

4.2 Underground drainage 

100% 

There is no existing underground drainage in the city. We have estimated the requirement and 

proposed the construction of this drainage system in the subsequent chapters. 

The following table indicates the details of the type of latrines within the house, as per 2001 

Census. 

Table 4.8 : Type of latrine within the house 

Type of latrine within the house Number of units Percentage 

Pit latrine 6,080 25 

Water closet 12,880 54 

other latrine 1,244 5 

No latrine 3,761 16 

total 23,965 100 

12

Diagram 6 : Type of latrine within the house 

4.3 Solid Wastes Management 


The following table gives the details of the various types on institutions located in the town. 

Table 4.9 : Details of markets. 

Vegetables Fruits Meals Fish 

50 12 12 10 

Table 4.10 : Details of medical institutions. 

No. of No. nursing No. of path Total no. of beds Quantity of waste 

hospitals homes laboratories 

generated per day 

8 - 2 75 40(kg) 

Table 4.11 : No. of hostels/ restaurants in the city. 

No. of hostels No. of restaurants Quantity of waste generated per day 

10 5 150 Kg 

Quantity of Waste Generation 

The total quantity of garbage generated in the town is estimated to be nearly 9.64 MT per day. The 

Municipality does not undertake collection of bio-medical and construction wastes. The composition 

of the waste is as follows: 

Table 4.12 : Composition of Waste 

S.no Details Waste generated (in kgs) Percentage to the total 

1 Household 4038 42.0 

2 Shops and workshops 4830 50.0 

3 Offices and institutions 75 1.0 

4 Industries 540 6.0 

5 Others 160 2.0 

Total 9643 (9.64 MT) 100.0 

(Source: Pro forma of Data Collection for Designing Solid Waste Management Systems) 

13

The following table gives the break-up the waste generated in the town. 

Table 4.13 : Break up of waste generated 

S.no Break up of waste generated per day (in MT) 

1. Bio-degradable 3.50 mt 

2. Non bio degradable 6.14 mt 

3. Recyclable Nil 

Total 9.64 

Per capita waste generated: 


The following table gives the details of per capita generation of waste in the town on the basis of 

2009 population: 

Table 4.14 : Per capita Solid Wastes Generation 

S.no Population Per capita generation(in gms) 

1 25901 Population projections in 2009 400 gms 

(Source: Worked out on the basis of figures given in the Valparai Municipality Solid Wastes Management 

Action Plan), 

Collection of Waste 

• Primary collection 

This includes: door to door collection of domestic waste; street sweeping and moping; industrial 

and commercial waste and hotels, markets and shandy etc waste. The practice of segregation of 

waste is not being followed in the local body. 

Presently, the local body is undertaking door to door collection in 6 wards (wards 1, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 

17 covering nearly 20% of the population. 

The local body has proposal to entrust the primary collection to 2 Self-Help groups. The wards 

which are covered by the Tea Estate Management 2,3,4,5,7,11,12,13,14,15, 16,18,19,20 and ward 

21 who engage their own staff for collection and disposal of wastes.. 

The frequency of cleaning of bins is on alternative days. 

According to the Municipal officials, 50% of the streets are cleaned daily, 20% alternate day, 10% 

twice in a week, 15% once in a week and 5% occasionally. 

The waste collected is deposited in waste storage depots, the details of which are as follows. 

14

Table 4.15 : Details of Waste Storage depots 

S.No Name 

of the 

Ward 

No. of Open 

waste 

storage 

sites 

No. of 

Masonry 

bins 

No. of 

round 

concrete 

pipe bins 


No. of 

covered 

metal 

containers 

other 

type of 

bin if 

any 

Total 

1 1 - - - - - 

2 2 - - - - - 

3 3 - - - - - Estate Area 

4 4 - - - - - 

5 5 - - - - - 

6 6 1 - - - - 1 

7 7 - - - - - Estate Area 

8 8 3 3 1 - - 7 

9 9 4 3 - - - 7 

10 10 3 3 - - - 6 

11 11 - - - - - 

12 12 - - - - - 

13 13 - - - - - 

14 14 - - - - - 

15 15 - - - - - 

16 16 - - - - - 

Estate Area 

17 17 1 - - - - 1 

18 18 - - - - - 

19 

20 

19 

20 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Estate Area 

21 21 - - - - - 

TOTAL 12 9 1 22 

(Source: Data provided by Valparai Municipality) 

Normal distance between two bins is 1016 mts. 

Staff deployment: 

The Municipality engages 43 sanitary workers for various operations involved in refuse collection 

and disposal. There are one Sanitary Inspector and Sanitary Supervisor each. The details are as 

follows. 

Table 4.16 : Details of Sanitary staff 

Type of sanitation workers No. of sanitation works 

Permanent 33 

Temporary 8 

On contract 2 

Total 43 


According to the Municipal officials, the total strength sanitary staff is 50 and seven posts are 

vacant. The following table gives the details of deployment of sanitary staff. Their work is 

supervised by a Sanitary Inspector and one Sanitary Supervisor. 

15

Table 4.17 : Deployments of Sanitary Workers 

S.no Nature of work Total number of workers 

deployed. 

1 Street sweeping and Door to door collection 25 

2 Nali / drain cleaning 8 

3 Toilet cleaning 2 

4 Transportation of waste 8 

5 Treatment of waste - 

Total 43 



The working hours are 6 a.m to 11 a.m and 2 to 5 p.m. The sanitary workers are provided with 

broom sticks, drain cleaning rack iron basin, bamboo sticks. 

The local body has, presently, 40 hand carts. 

To deposit the waste collected, there are 12 open waste storage sites, 9 masonry bins and one 

round concrete pipe bins totaling 22 containers to deposit the waste. 

For purposes of road cleaning, the roads are divided into: 

• High density road length: 6 kms 

• Medium road density length: 8.49 kms and 

• Low density road length: 8.10 kms. 

Twenty five sweepers are deployed for road cleaning. Fifty percent of the roads are cleaned daily; 

20% on alternate days; 10% twice a week; 15% once in a week and 5% occasionally. 

Waste Transportation 

For purposes of waste collection and disposal, the local body has the following type of vehicles. 

Table 4.18 : Details of Transportation Vehicles 

S.no Details of Vehicles Total number of vehicles Capacity in cubic meters 

1 Tractors 2 2 each 

2 Power Tillers 1 0.3 

Total 3 4.3 CMT 


The transportation of refuse is carried out in one shift. Each vehicle makes three trips each covering 

an average distance of 2.5 kms. 

According to the Municipal officials, 9.30 MT of waste is being disposed off daily. 

Waste disposal: 

The collected wastes are dumped in the compose yard in the Stanmore Road which has an area 

of one acre located at a distance of 2.5 kms from the town. 

16


Hence, the Vision Plan, in order to improve the existing situation considered: 

• Deployment of fast moving modern transportation vehicles in place of old vehicles for 

collection and transportation and 

• To develop a new compost yard. 

Service indicators 

The following table details out the service indictors worked out for solid wastes management 

services. 

Table 4.19 : Solid wastes management service indicators 

S.no Indicator Present 

Bench 

situation mark 

1 Per capita generation 400 gms 

2 Population served per storage bin (total 

population / storage bins) 

9845 

3 Workers per sq. km of town area 5.06 

4 Road length covered per sweeper (meters) 1.16 kms 

5 Primary doorstep collection (percentage) 5% 100% 

6 Capacity of storage bins against total waste 

generated 

1.03% 100% 

7 Spacing between bins( mts) 1016 m 100 mts 

8 Vehicle capacity to waste generated 22% 100% 

9 

(percentage) 

Total cost per tones of waste collected per 

day (total cost / total waste generated in 

tones’ per day)(Rs) 

Rs 105.93 

10 Cost recovery (percentage) Nil 

11 Staff per ton of waste generated (total staff / 

total waste generated) 

0.22 

(Worked from the data provided by Valparai Municipality) 

4.4 Storm Water Drains 

According to the data provided by the Municipality, the length of drains in the town is .12.07 kms, 

the details of which are as follows: 

Table 4.20 : Details of Open Storm Water Drains: 

S.no Details Covered (km) Open (km) Total length of area 

(A+B) 

1 R.R. Masonry - 10.250 10.250 

2 C.C. Construction 1.000 - 1.000 

3 Brick Masonry - - - 

4 Katcha - 0.821 0.821 

TOTAL 1.000 11.071 12.071 


It is reported, that, many drains are damaged and need immediate repairs. In order to improve the 

drainage condition in the town reconstruction of damaged drains with cement concrete, provision of 

cement concrete drains along with new roads construction and provision of R.C.C slab culverts are 

proposed. 

17

4.5 Roads 


The following table gives the details of type of connectivity for water out let for waste. 

Table 4.21 : Details of Connectivity for waste out let for waste 

Sl. No. Type of connectivity for waste outlet Number of units Percentage 

1 Closed drainage 4,383 18 

2 Open drainage 17,588 74 

3 No drainage 1,994 8 

Total 23,965 

Diagram 7 : Connectivity for waste outlet 

Some newly regularized areas are not covered with water supply distribution mains. It is proposed 

to lay the distribution main to newly regularized areas. There is no sufficient fund in Municipality to 

provide drainage facilities in the newly regularized areas. 

There is no proper disposal of waste water as it accumulates in low lying areas / depressions due to 

steep natural gradients. The accumulated water acts as a breeding place for mosquito and flies 

creating health hazards and unhygienic environment 

The town has a total road net work of 28.77 kms. The details of the network are as follows. 

Table 4.22 : Details of Road network. 

S.no Nature of network Total length(in kms) Percentage to the total 

1 B.T.Roads 19.80 69.0 

2 Cement concrete roads 5.75 21.0 

3 WBM roads 1.65 6.0 

4 Kutcha roads 1.07 4.0 

Total 28.77 100.0 


The town has a 4% of kutcha roads. The B.T.roads account for 69% of total roads, followed by 

cement concrete roads which account for 21 %. The WBM roads constitute 6% of total roads. 

Besides the municipal roads, there are 78.30 kms of State highway roads and 38.20 kms of private 

estate roads making a total of 145.77 kms of roads. 

18

The service indicators for municipal roads are illustrated below: 

Road indicators 

The municipal road indicators are illustrated below: 


Table 4.23 : Municipal Roads: Service Indicators 

S.no Indicator Current Situation Bench mark 

1 Road density 0.67 kms/sq.km 10.0-15.0 

kms/Sq.km 

2 Per capita road length 0.29 kms 1.75 or km 

3 Percentage of cement concrete roads to 21% 5.0 per cent 

municipal roads 

4 Percentage of Municipal surfaced roads 90% 100.0 per cent 

5 Length of roads having storm water drains 7.4% 

5 O&M cost per km of road length Negligible 

(Worked out on the basis of municipal roads only) 

4.6 Street Lights 

The town has 2338 street lighting points. The details of the same are as follows. 

Table 4.24 : Details of Street Lights 

S.no Type of street lights Total Percentage 

1 Tube lights 1702 93.2 

2 Sodium vapor lamps 125 6.8 

Total 1827 100.0 

(Source: Data provided by Valparai Municipality). 

The lights are fitted with timer switches and additional timer switches are needed. 

The following table gives the details of performance indicators. 

Table 4.25 : Street lights-Indicators 

S.N Indicator Unit Current situation Benchmark 

1 Number of street lights per sq.km 

of town area( Total number of 

street lights/ Total area of the local 

body) 

8.39 100% 

1 Spacing between street lights Meters 15.74 30 mts 

2 Percentage of tube lights Percentage 93 70-80 

3 High power lamps Percent 7 20-30 

4 O&M cost per street light Rs 1505.28 

5 Cost recovery Nil 

(Worked out on the basis of data provided by Valparai Municipality) 

In order to improve the provision of this service, the Action Plan proposed the following: 

• provision of additional street lights on roads ands streets; 

• provision of additional CFL/PIL lamps in offices, schools, hospitals and other buildings; 

• strengthening of damaged poles/replacement rectification of slant poles; 

• shifting of street light poles/ transformers posing obstructions in the way of side ways of roads 

and 

• Installation of automatic timer switches/ energy savers. 

19

4.7 Slums 

The following table gives the details of slums in the town. 

Table 4.26 : Details of Slums 

S.No Name of the Slum Notified /Not 

notified 

Owned by 

Municipality / 

Revenue / HR & CE / 

Odia / Private / 

Others 


Population 

Male Female SC/ST 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

1 Gandhi nagar Not notified Private 193 182 246 

2 Children’s park Not notified Private 417 433 576 

3 Rajiv nagar Not notified Private 109 102 142 

4 Ceylon colony Not notified Private 494 410 621 

5 kakkan colony Not notified Private 301 320 412 

6 Indra nagar Not notified Private 103 117 127 

7 Sadal dam Not notified Private 245 285 347 

8 Sholayar dam (Right) Not notified Private 302 342 372 

9 Sholayar dam (Left) Not notified Private 313 351 412 

Total 2557 2540 3255 

(Data collected from Valparai Municipality) 

The slums are not notified and are located on private land. 

20

5 Municipal Financial Performance: An Analysis 


The municipal finances are divided into: i. Revenue account and ii. Capital account. 

5.1 Revenue Account 

The main sources of income on revenue account to the Municipality consist of: 

• Taxes which include Property tax, Vacant land tax , Profession tax and others; 

• Non taxes revenues consist of bus and cart stand fees; trade license fee and 

• building license fee, library cess , water charges; 

• income from municipal services like water charges, sale of rubbish, sewage and sanitation, , 

leasing of land, 

• Income from properties which include markets, kalyan mandapams, shops, pay and use 

latrines etc. 

• Grants and assigned revenues which include devolutions, incentive fund, surcharge on stamp 

duty, entertainment tax etc and 

• Finance Commission, both Central and State, devolutions. 

The main components of expenditure on revenue account include: 

• Salaries, 

• Operation and maintenance costs, 

• Debt servicing / loan repayment, 

5.2 Capital Account 

Main sources of income on capital account include: 

• Grants in aid from the State government which include grants for basic amenities; MLA’s Local 

Area Development Fund; Drought relief, for construction of cement concrete roads and bus 

stands and others. 

• Grants from the Government of India include: funds for National Slum development 

Programme, SJSRY and others. 

• Loans 

The purposes for which the capital funds are utilized relate to: 

• Construction of roads, storm water drains, public health and sanitation, markets, community 

toilets, purchase of vehicles and equipment for various municipal services etc. 

21

Municipal Income 


The following table presents municipal revenues for the period 2000-01 to 2006 - 07. 

Table 5.1 : Municipal income 

SOURCES OF 

INCOME 

OWN SOURCES 

TAX SOURCES 

Property tax 

Other taxes 

Profession tax 

Sub total 

NON TAX SOURCES 

Service charges and 

fees 

INCOME (in rupees) 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

3572474 3644184 3686331 3714740 3754875 

12.2% 13.7% 11.2% 6.0% 15.8% 

1215000 1525739 1643595 1655602 1756635 

4.1% 5.7% 5.0% 2.7% 7.4% 

1215000 1525739 1643595 1655602 1756635 

4.1% 5.7% 5.0% 2.7% 7.4% 

6002474 6695662 6973521 7025944 7268145 

20.4% 25.1% 21.2% 11.4% 30.7% 

852218 1140692 1030246 934247 1027636 

2.9% 4.3% 3.1% 1.5% 4.3% 

Sales and hire 

charges 

0 0 0 0 0 

Other income 

6098014 

20.8% 

5501585 

20.7% 

9397418 

28.6% 

9450728 

15.3% 

5917649 

25.0% 

Sub total 

INCOME FROM STATE 

GOVERNMENT 

6950232 

23.6% 

6642277 

24.9% 

10427664 

31.8% 

10384975 

16.8% 

6945285 

29.3% 

Assigned revenue 

1537140 

5.2% 

475040 

1.8% 

453659 

1.4% 

494363 

0.8% 

880492 

3.7% 

Devolution fund 

11372958 

38.7% 

11964228 

44.9% 

14958053 

45.6% 

43910734 

71.0% 

8590603 

36.2% 

Grants and 

3525159 853000 10108 3906 14000 

contributions 

12.0% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 

Sub total 

16435257 

55.9% 

13292268 

49.9% 

15421820 

47.0% 

44409003 

71.8% 

9485095 

40.0% 

GRAND TOTAL 29387963 26630207 32823005 61819922 23698525 

(Note: 1. Income from own sources include: Property tax and Profession tax 

2. Non tax resources consist of: a. Trade license fee; b.Building license fee; c. Slaughter house fee; d. Rent 

from community halls; e. Copy application fee; f. Initial application fee for new water supply connections; 

g.Water supply connection charges; h. Metered/ tap water charges and I. License fee for cable connections. 

3. Assigned revenues: a. Entertainment tax and b Duty of transfer of property. 

4. Devolution funds: 

5. Grants and contributions: Grants for Scheme implementation) 

22

The following table gives the details of the sources of income to the local body. 


Table 5.2 : Sources of Income 

INCOME (in rupees) 

SOURCES OF INCOME 

Own sources 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 

2006 - 

2007 

Tax sources 

6002474 

20.4% 

6695662 

25.1% 

6973521 

21.2% 

7025944 

11.4% 

7268145 

30.7% 

Non tax sources 

6950232 

23.6% 

6642277 

24.9% 

10427664 

31.8% 

10384975 

16.8% 

6945285 

29.3% 

Sub total 

12952706 

44.1% 

13337939 

50.1% 

17401185 

53.0% 

17410919 

28.2% 

14213430 

60.0% 

INCOME FROM STATE 16435257 13292268 15421820 44409003 9485095 

GOVERNMENT 

55.9% 49.9% 47.0% 71.8% 40.0% 

(Source: Data provided by the Municipality) 

Diagram 8 : Source of Income 

Income from ‘Tax sources’ decreased from 20.4 % in 2002-03 to 11.4 % in 2005-06 before 

increasing to 30.7 % in 2006-07. 

Income from ‘Non tax sources’ rose from 23.6 % in 2002-03 to 31.8 % in 2004-05 then decreased 

to 16.8 % in 2005-06 before settling at 29.3% in 2006-07. 

Income from State Government rose from 55.9 % in 2002-03 to 71.8 % in 2005-06 before settling at 

40 % in 2006-07. 

23

5.3 Revenue Expenditure 


The following table gives the details of municipal expenditure from 2000-01 to 2006 - 07. 

Table 5.3 : Details of Municipal Expenditure 

SL.No EXPENDITURE 

2002 - 2003 

EXPENDITURE(in rupees) 

2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

A Personal cost 8135362 4607302 5371188 4917322 7137166 

52.9% 44.0% 48.3% 45.8% 52.2% 

B Terminal and retirement benefit 59340 

0.4% 

38280 

0.4% 

38280 

0.3% 

36960 

0.3% 

0 

C Operating expenses 4337457 2323351 2900117 2477549 3122898 

28.2% 22.2% 26.1% 23.1% 22.8% 

D Repair and maintenance 1086011 2107959 706424 1035763 1484913 

7.1% 20.1% 6.4% 9.6% 10.9% 

E Programme expenses 43280 

0.3% 

1400 

0.0% 

0 0 

541467 

4.0% 

F Administrative expenses 1461867 1099240 1562635 1690353 1375083 

9.5% 10.5% 14.1% 15.7% 10.0% 

G Finance expenses 251521 303940 540707 588526 21070 

1.6% 2.9% 4.9% 5.5% 0.2% 

Depreciation 4514842 4538926 4779717 6615329 7389849 

TOTAL (before depreciation) 19889680 15020398 15899068 17361802 21072446 

TOTAL (after depreciation) 15374838 10481472 11119351 10746473 13682597 

(Source: Municipal Budgets of Velampalayam Municipality) 

(Note: 1. Personal Cost include: 1) Salaries (Pay including Personal Pay, Special Pay, D.A, Interim Relief, 

H.R.A, C.C.A, Cash Allowance, Conveyance Allowance, Medical Allowance, Other Allowance, Ex- 

Gratia/Bonus 

2. Terminal and Retirement Benefits consists of: Pension (Superannuation/Retiring/Invalid etc), Commuted 

Value of Pension, Death cum retirement Gratuity, Special Provided Fund-cum-Gratuity Scheme, Group 

Insurance Scheme-Management Cont, Pension Contribution to Municipal Employees) 

3.Administrative Expenses includes: (Telephone Charges, Legal expenses, Stationary and Printing, 

Advertisement Charges, Other Expenses, Group Insurance scheme-Management, Computer operational 

expenses, Municipal contribution to other funds, Books & Periodical and magazine, Postage and Telegrams & 

fax charges, Electricity consumption charges for office, Contributions, Sitting fees/Honorarium for the 

councilors) 

4. Finance Expenses (Property tax - vacancy remission, Irrecoverable Revenue items - written off Bank 

charges, Interest on loan/ways & means advance/, Audit fees) 

24

Diagram 9 : Municipal expenditure 


Expenditure on ‘Personal cost’ ranged from 44 percent to 52.9 percent during the duration 2002-03 

to 2006-07. 

Expenditure under ‘Operating Expenses’ averaged 24.5 percent for the duration 2002-03 and 2006- 

07. 

Expenditure under ‘Repair and Maintenance’ rose from 7.1 percent in 2002-03 to 20.1 percent in 

2003-04 before decreasing to 10.9 percent in2006-07. 

Expenditure under the head ‘Terminal and Retirement Benefits’ and ‘Programme Expenses’ 

remained negligible for the entire duration under study. 

Expenditure under ‘Administrative Expenses’ averaged 11.9 percent for the duration under study. 

Operation and maintenance expenditure on Services: 

The following table gives the detail of O&M expenditure on urban services. 

Table 5.4 : O&M expenditure on urban services 

O&M Expenditure 

Years 

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 

Water Supply 35507 398139 162410 346641 782056 

Solid Wastes 143142 217625 742463 372631 372748 

Street Lights 4124372 2102966 2157654 2104918 2750150 

Storm Water Drains 54284 27525 0 0 3200 

Roads 18763 17714 2900 0 0 

Total O&M Expenditure 4376068 2763969 3065427 2824190 3908154 

25

Diagram 10 : O&M Expenditure 


The following table indicates the details of expenditure incurred on operation and maintenance of 

key urban services. 

Water Supply 

The following table gives the details of operation and maintenance expenditure on water supply. 

Table 5.5 : Operation and maintenance expenditure on water supply 

DETAILS 

2002 – 2003 2003 - 2004 

YEARS 

2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

Power charges for head 

water works, pumping 

% to total O&M cost 

Maintenance expenses 

35507 

0.8 

398139 

14.4 

162410 

5.3 

346641 

12.3 

782056 

20.0 

paid to TWAD 


0 0 0 0 0 

35507 398139 162410 346641 782056 

TOTAL 

0.8% 14.4% 5.3% 12.3% 20.0% 

The expenditure incurred rose significantly from 0.8% in 2002-03 to 20% in 2006-07. Interestingly, not even a 

single paisa has been paid to as maintenance expenses to TWAD. 

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 

The following table gives the details of operation and maintenance expenditure on solid wastes 

management. 

26


Table 5.6 : Operation and maintenance expenditure on solid wastes management. 

DETAILS 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 

YEARS 

2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

Sanitary / conservancy 

expenses 

64553 128525 147215 212898 163765 

% to total O&M cost 1.5% 4.7% 4.8% 7.5% 4.2% 

Expenses on sanitary 

materials 

78589 89100 595248 159733 208983 


Total 

143142 

3.3% 

217625 

7.9% 

742463 

24.2% 

372631 

13.2% 

372748 

9.5% 

The expenditure incurred on O and M of solid wastes management rose significantly from 3.3% in 

2002-03 to 24.2% in 2004-05 before settling again at 9.5 % in 2006-07. 

Street lights 

The following table gives the details of operation and maintenance expenditure on street lights. 

Table 5.7 : Operation and maintenance expenditure on street lights 

DETAILS 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 

YEARS 

2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

Power charges for 

street lights 

1402244 1525094 1524196 1583062 1939021 


Maintenance expenses 

for street lights 

2722128 577872 633458 521856 811129 


Total 

4124372 

94.25% 

2102966 

76.1% 

2157654 

70.4% 

2104918 

74.5% 

2750150 

70.4% 

Major part on the O&M expenditure was on street lights. Expenditure under this head has been 

decreasing from 94.25 % in 2002-03 to 70.4 % in 2006-07. 

Storm water drains 

The following table gives the details of maintenance expenditure on storm water drainage. 

DETAILS 

Repair and 

maintenance of drains 

& storm water drains 

Table 5.8 : Maintenance expenditure on storm water drainage 

YEARS 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

49109 27525 

0 0 


Repair and 

1.1% 1.0% 0.1% 

maintenance of 

instruments 

5175 0 

0 0 0 

% to total O&M cost 0.1% 

TOTAL 

54284 

1.2% 

27525 

0.6% 

0 0 

3200 

0.1% 

The expenditure incurred on drains for maintenance is has been negligible. In fact, not even a 

single penny has been spent under this head during 2004-05 and 2005-06. 

3200 

27

Roads 

The following table gives the details of maintenance expenditure on roads. 


Table 5.9 : Maintenance expenditure on Roads 

DETAILS 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 

YEARS 

2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

Repairs and maintenance 

of roads and pavements 

18763 17714 2900 

0 0 

% to total O&M cost 0.43% 0.64% 0.1% 

Restoration of roads 


0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 

18763 

0.43% 

17714 

0.64% 

2900 

0.1% 

0 0 

The expenditure incurred on roads for maintenance has been negligible. 

Power charges 

The following table indicates the power charges incurred on urban services. 

Table 5.10 : Power charges incurred on urban services 

DETAILS 

2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 

YEARS 

2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 

Power charges for street lights 1402244 1525094 1524196 1583062 1939021 


Power charges for head water 35507 398139 162410 346641 782056 

works, pumping 


0.8% 14.4% 5.3% 12.3% 20.0% 

Total 1437751 1923233 1686606 1929703 2721077 

32.84% 69.60% 55.00% 68.40% 69.60% 

As is clear from the above table, expenditure under this head increased from 32.8 % in 2002-03 to 

69.6 % in 2006-07. 

5.4 Issues 

Income 

Income from ‘Tax sources’ decreased from 20.4 % in 2002-03 to 11.4 % in 2005-06 before 

increasing to 30.7 % in 2006-07. 

Income from ‘Non tax sources’ rose from 23.6 % in 2002-03 to 31.8 % in 2004-05 then decreased 

to 16.8 % in 2005-06 before settling at 29.3% in 2006-07. 

Income from State Government rose from 55.9 % in 2002-03 to 71.8 % in 2005-06 before settling at 

40 % in 2006-07. 

Expenditure 

Expenditure on ‘Personal cost’ ranged from 44 percent to 52.9 percent during the duration 2002-03 

to 2006-07. 

28


Expenditure under ‘Operating Expenses’ averaged 24.5 percent for the duration 2002-03 and 2006- 

07. 

Expenditure under ‘Repair and Maintenance’ rose from 7.1 percent in 2002-03 to 20.1 percent in 

2003-04 before decreasing to 10.9 percent in2006-07. 

Expenditure under the head ‘Terminal and Retirement Benefits’ and ‘Programme Expenses’ 

remained negligible for the entire duration under study. 

Expenditure under ‘Administrative Expenses’ averaged 11.9 percent for the duration under study. 

5.5 Expenditure on services 

• Water supply 

The expenditure incurred rose significantly from 0.8% in 2002-03 to 20% in 2006-07. Interestingly, not 

even a single paisa has been paid to as maintenance expenses to TWAD. 

• Solid wastes management 

The expenditure incurred on O and M of solid wastes management rose significantly from 

3.3% in 2002-03 to 24.2% in 2004-05 before settling again at 9.5 % in 2006-07. 

• Storm water drainage 

The expenditure incurred on drains for maintenance is has been negligible. In fact, not even a 

single penny has been spent under this head during 2004-05 and 2005-06. 

• Street lights 

Major part on the O&M expenditure was on street lights. Expenditure under this head has been 

decreasing from 94.25 % in 2002-03 to 70.4 % in 2006-07. 

• Roads 

The expenditure incurred on roads for maintenance has been negligible. 

• Power charges 

Expenditure under this head increased from 32.8 % in 2002-03 to 69.6 % in 2006-07. 

Key financial indicators 

A set of key financial indicators has been derived using the financial data procured from the 

Municipal Council for the period under review. 

The following table presents an analysis of the indicators. These indicators are used to assess the 

Municipal Council’s performance with regards resource mobilization, fund utilization, financial 

performance and collection efficiencies. 

The analysis has been made on the basis of 2006-07 actual budget figures. Further, the projected 

population for 2007 was taken as 98450. The data on relating to expenditure has been worked out 

after deducting the depreciation from the total expenditure. 

29


Table 5.11 : Financial indicators 

Indicators Value Unit 

A Resource Mobilization 

1 Per capita income Rs 240.71 Rs. p.a 

2 Sources of Funds 

a Share of own sources in total revenue income (RI) 60% % 

b Share of Property tax in total revenue income 15.8% % 

c Share of revenue grants and subsidies in total revenue income 40.0% % 

3 

Indicators 

Growth in revenue income 0.38% % p.a 

4 Growth in own sources of revenue income (-)0.81 % 

5 Per capita own income Rs 144.37 Rs. P.a 

B Fund Application 

1 Per Capita Expenditure 138.98 Rs. 

2 Uses of Funds 

a Share of establishment expenditure to total revenue expenditure 52.2% % 

b 

Share of O&M expenditure in total revenue 

33.7% % 

expenditure 

c Share of establishment expenditure to total revenue income 30.1% % 

3 Growth in establishment expenditure 1.45% % 

4 Growth in O&M expenditure 1.31% % 

5 Growth in total revenue expenditure 1.27% % p.a 

C Liability Management 

1 Per Capita Liability 

a Outstanding debt per capita Rs. 

b Outstanding non-debt liability per capita Rs. 

c Total outstanding liability per capita Rs. 

2 As a proportion of PT current demand 

a Outstanding debt as % of P.T demand % 

b Outstanding non-debt liability as % of P.T demand % 

c Total outstanding debt liability as percentage of P.T demand % 

3 As a proportion of own revenue income 

a Outstanding debt as % of own Revenue sources % 

b Outstanding non-debt liability as % of own revenue sources % 

c Total outstanding liability as % of own revenue sources % 

4 Non-debt liability as % of total liability % 

5 Debt servicing ratio (D.S/ Revenue income) % 

D Performance Indicators 

1 Operating ratio 0.57% Ratio 

2 Growth in per capita own income (-)19 % p.a 

3 Growth in per capita grant (-)0.79 % p.a 

4 Growth in per capita total revenue income (-)0.62 % p.a 

5 Growth in per capita establishment expenditure 45 % p.a) 

6 Growth in per capita O&M expenditure 31 % p.a 

7 Growth in per capita revenue expenditure 27 % p.a 

8 Capital utilization ratio Ratio) 

E Efficiency Indicators 

1 Tax collection performance 

a. Property tax 82% % 

b. Water charges 80% % 

C Profession tax 99% 

30

6 Municipal Expenditure Management 


The Third State Finance commission in its Report gave a detailed account of the measures to be 

initiated to improve municipal service delivery and to effect savings in provision of services. The 

measures suggested by the Commission are as follows: 

Table 6.1 :Details of Measures to Improve Municipal Service delivery 

S.n Sector Areas of cost reduction 

1 Road Considerable portion of the capital expenditure is spent on road improvement in 

local bodies. But the quality of the road is below the standard owing to the nonobservance 

of the norms, non use of modern technology and neglect of proper 

maintenance. Hence adoption of modern techniques of road laying will result 

not only in their longevity but also make road travel safe and comfortable. 

Volume of traffic is one of the factors which determine the unit cost and the bus 

route roads tend to have higher unit cost. Cost effective technology of using 

pavers and hot-mix plants in laying roads in local bodies may be adopted. 

Further in National and State Highways works. In Urban Local Bodies there are 

no pre-qualification bids as in national and state highway works. This system 

has been introduced under World Bank programme assisted works since 2000. 

But in the case of other road works no such system is in place. This results in 

sub standard work resulting in shorter life span and increased o&m cost. 

For registration of contractor’s in Urban Local Bodies at present no technical 

qualification is prescribed. Generally, this is resulting in lying of poor quality 

roads. Hence, contractors should be forced to employ properly qualified 

personnel to supervise road works. 

Road Cutting 

Indiscriminate road cutting needs to be stopped to avoid undertaking of repair 

works frequently. In this connection, the recommendation of Second State 

Finance Commission to set up District level co-ordination Committee with 

District Collector to control haphazard digging of roads in Urban Local Bodies 

be implemented. 

Formation and widening of roads 

After demarcating the width of the road available for right of way in the 

proposed road, C.B.R. Test (California Baring Ratio) should be conducted with 

the help of Highways Research Station in Chennai and Regional laboratories in 

other areas. This can also be tested in Engineering Colleges / Polytechnics. On 

strengthening the existing road, the existing crust thickness of the road can be 

found out by conducting Benkelmen's Test. 

CBR test should be conducted for deciding the proposed pavement design of 

the roads. This can be applied to the roads undertaken in Municipalities as per 

the standards of IRC and Ministry of Surface Transport. The estimates should 

be prepared with reference to the above standards. 

Plastic wastes were used for laying roads. According to a rough estimate 1672 

road works covering 1222 Kms have been laid by using plastic wastes at a cost 

of Rs.55.08 crores during 2004-05. By adopting this, 6694 tonnes of waste 

plastic were disposed and a 10% saving in bitumen was observed. 

People's partnership In development of Internal city roads In Indore Municipal 

31

Corporation: 


Condition of roads in Indore city was pathetic and required immediate attention. 

On the other hand, the municipal corporation financial condition was such that it 

could not bear the project cost. It was decided to mobilize citizens' contribution 

to raise funds and improve the city's public infrastructure. The idea came into 

action in 2000-2001. Contribution made by citizens in the first year of initiative 

supported around 34% of the total cost incurred on various projects undertaken 

to improve internal roads, rest 66% was spent by the IMC. Citizens consistently 

supported the initiative. 

2 Water supply The norms for water supply for various tiers of local bodies have been 

prescribed. The Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, which is a 

monopolistic agency, have been maintaining about 434 Combined Water 

Supply Schemes except Chennai Metropolitan Area. The cost pricing of the 

water appears to be high. There is a need to involve local bodies in identifying 

the local sources and thereby reduce the need for Combined Water Supply 

Schemes. 

3 Solid wastes 

management 

Electricity charges for water pumping 

In Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board operated water supply 

schemes, the electricity charges is one of the vital components that determines 

the cost pricing. It is time that Bio-diesel is extensively used to reduce the 

electricity consumption. This experiment needs to be looked into. 

The possible activities for reducing water losses include water leakage audit, 

installation of leak detection equipment and replacement of pipes 

Possible activities for reducing operating costs include energy efficiency 

studies, employee training and appointment of competent private contractors 

through better scientific methods of bid process management 

Solid Waste is not a waste to be associated with waste if one explores the wider 

aspects of segregation and its impact on society with the realization that reuse 

and recycle are the best principles of life. 

The Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Township in Hyderabad is normally cited 

as an example for cost reduction in garbage disposal and resource recovery. In 

Tamil Nadu, Gandhi Nagar Town Panchayat is a role model to emulate. 

Under the scheme in operation, garbage collected and segregated from the 

residents and other generators are brought into composting yard. Inorganic 

waste is treated in two stages, namely, 

a. Cattle dung microbial decomposing manure 

b. Vermi composting to produce rich organic manure. 

The organic waste is treated in different layers and at the end of the process, 

the whole manure are sieved, packed and sold for agricultural and afforestation 

activities. The above work is fully under taken by self help groups. This 

experiment needs to be rreplicated. 

The Gandhi Nagar Town Panchayat is not only involved in zero waste 

management but also generates income for the Town Panchayat besides 

meeting the working expenses of conservancy operations. 

Further, the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy is providing subsidy up to 

Rs.1 crore for Bio-methanation project if it could generate 1MW Electricity. The 

Government may allocate Twelfth Central Finance Commission grants meant 

for Solid Waste Management for the schemes to create wealth from wastes. 

Rapid growth of Tirupur city motivated the urban local body to strengthen its 

solid waste management system. Tirupur Municipal Corporation experimented 

with the comprehensive approach in solid waste management by involving 

NGOs, CBOs, private parties and media. The various sectors were involved at 

the different stages of solid waste management process. Media supported 

awareness campaigns, NGOs provided intellectual and institutional support and 

activities like collection and transportation of waste were privatized. The 

initiative yielded positive results and sanitary conditions in the city have 

32


considerably improvements and proved cost effective for the local body. 

Vision of the Namakkal city municipality is to develop Namakkal as 'Eco-City'. 

The 'Zero Garbage Drive' is Municipality's first step in this direction. With the 

concentrated efforts of municipal officials and citizens' cooperation, it was 

possible to introduce door-to-door collection of garbage and segregation of 

waste at household level successfully. Attention is also given on the concept of 

minimizing garbage that reaches landfill every day. To reduce the quantity of 

waste finally dumped at the landfill site, Namakkal Municipality is promoting 

vermicomposting and recycling of waste. The initiative yielded positive results 

and sanitary conditions in the city have considerably improvements and proved 

cost effective for the local body. 

Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation has implemented a comprehensive 

solution to the twin problems of solid waste management and sanitation. 

Through Resident Welfare Associations (RWA’s), the Corporation partnered 

with citizens in waste management exercises. Two programmes, 

‘JANACHAITANYA’ and ‘SHUBRAM’, were initiated for management of solid 

waste, and cleaning of drains and roads respectively. In both these 

programmes, citizens actively participated in project estimation, resource 

mobilization, execution, monitoring, and contribution in terms of cash and 

supervision. The two programmes have jointly resulted in improving sanitary 

conditions in 900 localities covering about 75% of the population. 

Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation has given out a comprehensive solid waste 

management contract for collection of waste at source, transportation, 

secondary storage and spreading it on landfill site to a private party.. The main 

feature of this project is that the entire investment in providing community bins, 

transport equipment, equipment for leveling of waste on the landfill site, 

manpower etc is that of the contractor. The Municipal Corporation is not 

required to make any capital investment, whatsoever. 

4 Street lights There is need to restrain the consumption of electricity in street lighting. With 

the increase in physical number, the consumption also goes high. This is one 

area where proper concentration is needed. It is the area of 'Energy Audit'. 

Introduction of metering, the Urban Local Bodies will be able to keep a track of 

the consumption and also verify the charges levied by the Board. 

Unauthorised extraction of power supply from main lines by different sections of 

the society is also a major problem which needs to be checked. It is time to 

detect the electricity theft by local bodies and Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. 

Another method by which excess usage can be curbed is by way of putting 

timer / sensor device. In Namakkal municipality, after the installation of sensor 

devices, the consumption has come down. Moreover, man power can also be 

reduced. In this venture, the Residents' Welfare Association may be involved in 

monitoring the device and also on the feedback on it. 

Wherever possible solar powered street lights may be provided by availing the 

Government of India subsidy for low density and narrow roads. 

To improve illumination in the city, Jaipur Municipal Corporation decided to 

privatize maintenance of street lighting. The initiative in its first phase was 

experimented in only six municipal wards. As a result of privatization the 

municipal corporation is now able to provide a better level of service using less 

of its internal resources. 

Energy Audit 

Energy Audit was experimentally undertaken by Anna University and Tamil 

Nadu Energy Development Agency is also involved in it. Some municipalities 

have been subjected to energy audit by availing funds from TUIFSL. In 

Karnataka State, Bangalore has made some head way in Energy Audit. The 

experiment undertaken by Anna University and Municipalities may be 

concretized and a workable Energy Audit System may be put in place in all the 

Municipalities. 

The Vijayawada Municipal Corporation (VMC) conducted an energy audit and 

prepared Energy Conservation Action Plan under which it introduced energy 

saving technologies into street lighting. First a small area was selected and 

energy saver devices were installed for street lights. Results of two-month 

33

5. Privatization 

of core 

Municipal 

services 


experiment showed 35% saving in power consumption. Based on this 

experiment, the Corporation decided to implement covering the entire city by 

engaging private party for operation and maintenance of street lights. 

Privatization is one of the policy packages of economic reforms and the experience 

shows that wherever there are monopolistic service providers, the quality of service 

is irregular and unimpressive. The following examples high light the importance of 

privatization of services : 

In Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation, street lights and garbage collection have 

been privatized owing to lesser staff strength; 

In Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, solid wastes management has been 

privatized in one zone. Street lights maintenance has also been privatized. 

In Tirruppur and Namakkal local bodies, solid wastes management activity has 

been privatized. 

Town Panchayats of Gandhinagar and Melpataravakkam have engaged self help 

groups for conservancy work. 

In all the above cases, except in Gandhinagar, it is not established clearly 

whether it resulted in savings. 

Privatisation of solid wastes management services operations in almost all the 

urban local bodies in the State is being undertaken actively, mostly, entrusting 

the work to self help groups. 

6 E-Governance In Urban Local Bodies, e-governance has come into operation. The application 

modules currently in use are: 

a) 1) Birth and Death Registration, 2) Inventory Control, 3) Building Plan Approval, 

4) Movable Property, 5) Census, 6) Non-Tax, 7) D & O Trade Licensing, 8) 

Personnel Management System, 9) Electoral rolls, 10) Profession Tax, 11) Financial 

Accounting System, 12) Property Tax, 13) Family Enumeration, 14) Solid Waste 

Management, 15) Hospital Information, 16) Vehicles, 17) Immovable Properties, 18) 

Water Charges. 

b) Besides additional areas have been identified and necessary application software 

has been developed as mentioned below. 

1) Misc. collection, 2) File tracking, 3) Banker software, 4) E-Seva centre software, 

5) Grievances, 6) DCB portal, 7) Litigation cases, 8) Monitoring of tender process, 9) 

Personal Register, 10) Under ground drainage, 11) A to Z analysis portal, 12) Self- 

Query portal 

c) Apart from the above arrangement, Panruti Municipality on its own ventured into 

the e-governance besides the computerisation put forth by Commissioner of 

Municipal Administration. A field visit reveals that it is a paperless office with all 

activities computerised. A notable feature of the operations is the introduction of 

Mobile Collection through on line computer operations. Besides, people can seek 

details through mobile SMS in respect of Tax details. Then the e-governance has 

come to a full circle with the attendance of staff being watched by computer 

process. 

E- Governance at Valparai Municipality is aimed to provide on line public services, 

information to all hierarchies and monitoring performance of the Municipality. 

Current salient features of E-Governance of the Municipality are listed below: 

• Issue of receipts relating to Property Tax 

• Issue of receipts relating to Water Charges 

• Issue of Birth Certificates 

• Issue of Death Certificates 

• Issue of receipts relating to Professional Tax 

• Entry and analysis of data relating to New Account System 

34

7 Asset Management Plan 


Management of municipal assets is an essential part of urban management activity. Most municipal 

entities do not have a proper database; hence creating and listing assets is one of the first activities 

the Municipality should carry out. An asset management plan typically involves the development 

and maintenance of infrastructure asset portfolios. This also ensures: 

• Asset requirement and management driven by defined service levels and performance 

standards 

• Scarce financial resources allocated properly and optimally investment 

• Long-term approach in determining asset operations, maintenance and renewal 

Classification of municipal assets 

Municipal assets are normally classified into movable and immovable assets. All the assets 

developed, operated and maintained by the Municipality are termed as municipal assets and 

comprise roads, bridges, culvert, water supply system (distribution network, transmission main, 

pump sets, WTPs, etc), UGD distribution network, STPs, drains, and street lights. Social 

infrastructure assets such as schools, hospitals, parks and playgrounds, community halls, shopping 

complexes, stadium, and vacant land also belong to the municipality. 

7.1 Objectives 

• To develop a data base on assets under the control of local governments including those 

transferred to them as part of decentralization. 

• To develop a clear idea on the maintenance needs of the assets under the control of local 

governments and assess the resource requirements. 

• To prepare a prioritized asset management plan by prioritizing requirements according to fund 

availability in a transparent manner. 

7.2 Methodology 

Methodology to be adopted in this context is as follows: 

• Conduct an asset verification exercise; 

• Conduct independent cross-checking; 

• computerize the data and generate asset registers at the level of local governments; 

• Train technical personnel to assess actual maintenance needs and calculate the maintenance 

deficit; 

35


- Determine resources available for maintenance and allocate to various departments of the 

local governments according to a transparent formula; 

- action plan by local governments by prioritising the maintenance needs to match resource 

availability; 

- Use the experience evolve normatic methodology for assessing maintenance requirements 

and prioritising them and 

- Evolve policy on resource allocation for maintenance. 

7.3 Outputs Expected 

Expected outputs of this analysis will be: 

• Data base on the assets under the control of local governments. 

• An immediate action plan for asset maintenance. 

• A perspective plan for asset management and renewal for each local government. 

• Policy on resource allocation for maintenance. 

7.4 Asset inventory 

The preliminary stage in the adoption of asset management plan is the preparation of inventory of 

assets in the municipality. This data includes: 

• Details of available assets; 

• Location of assets; 

• Age of asset; 

• Quantity of asset and 

• Physical characteristics of asset. 

Infrastructure assets include, both moveable and immovable ones, like equipment, buildings, 

municipal land. Assets like machinery is subject to constant wear and tear, repairs etc. 

Details of assets are presented in the following paras. 

Water supply: The assets of water supply basically consist of all the assets from the head works, 

treatment plant sumps, pumping mains, feeder mains, distribution mains, reservoirs, connections, 

meters and related facilities for the efficient delivery of water supply services. Since the local body 

owns only distribution facilities, it will be an asset accordingly. 

Land and buildings: The buildings are of two types remunerative and non-remunerative. The 

remunerative mainly consist of markets, commercial complexes, bus stands and office buildings. 

Sanitation: The town does not have sewerage system. Only individual septic tanks and low cost 

sanitation units exist. The local body owns a number of public conveniences in the town. 

36

7.5 Strategies 

Computerization of asset register 


Focus should be placed on designing, testing and installing a database management system for 

Municipal assets. All data, once complied should be classified on the basis of sector specific 

infrastructure facilities, land and properties. Specific software should be customized to suit local 

requirements and data should be translated into specified formats. 

Training in database management 

Training is the most important part of an asset management plan. Training should emphasize 

methods of simplified updating of data, and methods of monitoring and follow-up, relating to 

infrastructure facilities management, land use, litigation, encroachment, values, expenditure and 

revenue flows. 

Updating of assets register: 

The Report of the Third State Finance commission (Tamil Nadu) observed that: 

“With the introduction of accrual accounting system, assets maintenance has become imperative. 

Unique numbering of assets and proper maintenance as contemplated under section 79 of the 

suspended Tamil Nadu Local Bodies Act, 1998 is of vital importance. Moreover the written off 

assets should e removed from the register and that no provision for operation and maintenance for 

the above assets should be made. The value of assets should be truly reflective of the operating 

assets. Instances have come where the unused and broken bore wells continue to be shown under 

assets even though in reality those assets do not possess any value or render any service”.( Para 

7; Chapter V11). 

The observations made by the Finance Commission needs to be followed to have a realistic data 

regarding municipal assets. 

Condition assessment survey 

This involves making an assessment of existing condition of assets recording the deficiencies in a 

system or component and urgency of repair works. This will enable the development of 

maintenance management cycle. It is also necessary to develop a global positioning system for 

different assets for purposes of accurate identification of immovable assets. 

37

8 Organization of Valparai Municipality 

Institutional Matrix for Municipal Service delivery in the Town 

Table 8.1 : Urban services: Delivery mechanism 

S.n Service Institutions Responsible for 

providing the service 


Observations 

1 Urban Renewal Municipality 

2 Water Supply Municipality Planning, designing and 

construction by the 

Tamil Nadu Water 

Supply 

Board. 

and Drainage 

3 Sanitation Municipality 

4 Sewerage Nil 

5 Solid Wastes Management Municipality 

6 Construction and 

improvement of Drains 

Municipality 

7 Urban transport Nil 

8 Roads Municipality 

9 Parking places and lots Municipality .No parking places 

10 Prevention of Soil 

conservation/ Land slides Irrigation Department 

11 Prevention of water bodies Municipality and Public Works 

Department of the State government. 

12 Provision of basic services to 

urban poor and economically 

weaker sections. 

Municipality 

Organization 

A. Organization Structure of Urban Local Body 

Rain water harvesting in 

one place only 

The Municipality is governed by the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920. 

The Municipality is classified as a Grade 3 Municipality and consists of political and executive 

wings. 

The political wing is an elected body of councilors and is headed by the Chairman. The executive 

wing, headed by the commissioner looks after the day to day functioning of the municipality and 

supports the political wing in the decision-making process. 

1. Political Wing 

The Municipal Council, the political arm of the municipality, consists of ==== elected 

councilors, each representing one ward. 

The chairman heads the municipal council, which performs its duties as per the provisions of the 

District Municipalities Act. It provides an overall direction for the municipality and performs its 

functions through a set of Committees constituted for the purpose. 

38

. 


Three committees are in existence in the local body, viz., Appointment Committee, Tax Appeal 

Committee and a Contract Committee. These Committees are having Councilors as members with 

the President of the Municipality as Chairman. The Executive Officer is also its member. 

The functions of these committees are outlined in the following table. 

Table 8.2 : Functions of the Committees 

Committee Functions 

Appointment Responsible for all the appointments in the municipality and consists 

Committee 

of three members including the commissioner. 

Tax Appeal 

Responsible for addressing the tax appeals filed by the public 

Committee 

on revision of taxes and consists of six members including the 

Chairman and commissioner. 

Contract Committee The three-member committee is responsible for awarding contracts 

costing up to Rs. 5000. The municipal council approves contracts 

worth more than Rs 5000. 

2. Executive Wing 

The Executive wing is responsible for the daily operations of the municipality and is headed by 

Executive officer. He/she is the administrative head of the municipality and is supported by different 

departments in its management. Generally, the functions of the local body are carried out by the 

departments, the details of which are outlined below. 

i. General Administration 

ii. Engineering Department 

iii. Public Health Department 

iv. Revenue Department, and 

v. Town Planning Department 

Each department is to be headed by an officer and discharges functions as per the Act and in the 

Municipal Manual. 

The details of municipal departments and their functions are illustrated below. 

Table 8.3 : Municipal Departments and Functions 

Department Functions 

General 

Administration 

Establishment, Records, Accounts, Correspondence, Treasury 

Engineering Works, Water Supply and Operation and Maintenance 

Public Health Preventive Health Care, Conservancy, Vital Statistics 

Revenue Billing and Collection of Taxes, Charges and Fees 

Town Planning Administration of Master Plan 

Functions of the Departments 

General Administration Department: 

The general administration department oversees the administrative functions of the municipality 

including the preparation of budget and is headed by a Manager. 

The other functions of the department include public relations and redressal of public grievances, 

appointments and transfers, correspondence, Record Maintenance, maintenance of accounts etc. 

39


The accounts section headed by the chief accountant forms a part of the general administration 

department and monitors and supervises the work relating to finance, budget and accounts of all 

the Departments except water supply and drainage. 

Engineering Department 

Engineering department is responsible to carry out development works and maintenance of civic 

facilities viz. This department is responsible for: 

i. Public Works (Construction and maintenance of roads and storm water drains, 

Maintenance of school buildings, Maintenance and construction of public conveniences, 

Maintenance of other facilities viz., bus stands, markets etc. 

ii. Street Lighting (Maintenance of Street Lights) 

iii. Water Supply (Provision and operation and maintenance of water supply and sewerage 

system) 

iv. Parks & Gardens (Maintenance of parks and gardens) 

Public Health Department 

The Department is headed by Sanitary Inspector and is assisted by sanitary staff in carrying out the 

Departmental functions. The major functions of the public health department are: 

i. Maintaining Vital Statistics 

ii. Sanitation and Conservancy 

iii. Maternity and Child Welfare 

iv. Maintenance of Municipal Dispensaries 

v. Epidemic Control 

vi. Maintenance of Slaughter Houses 

Vii Maintenance of Burial Ground. 

Accounts 

This department monitors and supervises the work relating to finance, budget and accounts of the 

municipality relating to all the areas and is headed by a Accountant. Monitoring income and 

expenditure as per budgetary provisions also comes within the purview of this department. Other 

responsibilities include: 

i. Scrutinizing of pay bills and disbursing salaries to employees, 

ii. Payment for all works and supply bills, and 

iii Payment of all pension benefits to teaching and non-teaching staff of Municipal 

schools and retired Municipal employees 

Revenue Department 

The main function of the Revenue Department is the collection of taxes and charges as levied by 

the Municipality. The Department serves Demand Notices to the taxpayers and charge sheet in the 

case of default. The various taxes and charges levied by the Municipality include: 

i. Property tax 

ii. Water Charge 

iii. Profession Tax 

iv. Lease and License Fees 

v. Market and Slaughter House Fees 

vi. Cycle Stand Charge, etc. 

40


The department is headed by a Revenue Officer/Inspector and assisted by other staff like Bill 

collectors etc. 

Town Planning Department 

The Town Planning Department’s main function is to implement the master plan proposals, ensure 

orderly growth in the town, and avoid unauthorized constructions and to formulate projects. 

The Department is vested with the powers to issue Building Licenses, grant Planning Permissions, 

and collect Development Charges and Encroachment Charges etc. 

The department is headed by a Town Planning Officer/ Building Inspector. 

The following table gives the details of the staffing pattern. 

Table 8.4 : Details of Staffing Pattern 

S.N Designation Sanctioned Post In Position Vacant 

1 Executive Officer 1 1 0 

2 Head Clerk 1 1 0 

3 Junior Assistant 8 2 6 

4 Bill Collectors 4 2 2 

5 Sanitary Inspector 1 1 0 

6 Sanitary Supervisor 1 1 0 

7 Sanitary Workers 50 43 7 

8 Record Clerk 1 1 0 

9 Electricians 3 3 0 

10 Office Assistants 2 2 0 

11 Office and Market Watchmen 3 3 0 

Total 75 60 15 

It is evident that the local body is under staffed even to undertake the limited functions entrusted to 

it. There is an urgent need to identify the staff requirements and take appropriate action to 

strengthen the local body. 

• Capacity Building 

In the development of any city, the role of all the stakeholders is very significant. The 

administrative machinery, which is responsible for the planning and execution of the projects, 

has to be sensitized to the dynamics of development and the expectations of the citizens. 

The civil society is also to be adequately equipped to participate effectively in urban 

governance Capacity development through intensive and comprehensive capacity building 

programmes to all the stakeholders- both officials and non-officials- would help in 

enhancement of the institutional performance. It would facilitate all the stakeholders to update 

their knowledge and enhance their skills which will lead to reorientation of administrative 

machinery. 

The State government needs to ensure that adequate provision for capacity building 

programmes is made for all the stakeholders. 

41


It is proposed that a part of 5% of the project costs earmarked for capacity building, IEC, 

project development may be utilized for this purpose. 

• General Objectives 

The broadly objectives of the Capacity Development Programmes are: 

• To highlight the importance of City Development Plan and to facilitate a better 

appreciation and understanding among all the stakeholders (Elected councilors/officials 

and non officials) dealing with the management of of the Plan; 

• To equip the local body, with project planning and management tools and techniques to 

enable them to operationalize the Plan’s objectives. 

• To provide tools for improved financial management systems including budgetary and 

accounting practices, tax management with special reference to property tax 

administration and fixation of user charges and related activities. 

• To promote a better understanding, among all the agencies, of the role of the self help 

groups, civil society ,private sector and models of their participation in various facets of 

urban management, and 

• To underline the importance of community participation to ensure sustainable urban 

development. 

It is proposed that a part of 5% of the project costs earmarked for capacity building, 

42

9 Urban Services Development and Provision 


The objective of the stakeholder’s consultation was to ensure that the CDP reflects ground realities 

and the felt needs, as articulated by the people. 

Following critical urban services deficiencies and inadequacies have been highlighted during the 

course of consultative processes and public opinion surveys conducted as integral part of 

preparation of City Development Plan. 

• Need for equitable distribution of civic services in the town; 

• Improved efficiency in municipal governance; 

• Need for improved water supply system for the town; 

• Need for the provision of underground drainage system; 

• Improvements in management of solid wastes. 

• Need to widen the existing roads and formation of new roads with adequate footpaths. 

• Provision of adequate street lights; 

• Need for improved living conditions in slums. 

9.1 Norms for core services 

According to the First State Finance Commission: “Fixing norms for civic services has been an 

extremely sensitive issue…. Any effort to arrive at the norm should take into account the existing 

levels of services…. In fact, in certain cases, the universal data pertaining to the existing service 

level is available…. In all these cases, they have been utilized to arrive at service gaps and 

investments…. Norms have been fixed for 2002 bearing in mind the existing service level as 

assessed by various studies. Based on the norms and forecast of population by 2002, the quantum 

of service required has been estimated. Then comparing with the existing level, the service gap has 

been estimated. Depending on the technology used, the related unit cost has been arrived at and 

by multiplying the same with gaps in services, the investment requirements have been assessed” 

(para 3.5.1, p236). 

The methodology as indicated above has been adopted in working out the future service 

requirements and arriving at investment costs. 

9.2 Projections: Sector-wise Service Requirements 

The detailed projects have been identified for each of the sectors looking to the existing situation, 

future requirements. 

The sector wise projects are detailed out in following paragraphs. 

43

WATER SUPPLY: 

There is no requirement of any water supply scheme for the municipality. 

UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE: 

Table 9.1 : Underground Drainage 

Year Requirement in km 

Phasing of the 

requirements 

2010 47 47 

2025 50 03 

2040 53 03 

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: 

Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling Rules), 2000 


The Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of India issued these rules with the 

objective of regulating the management and handling of the municipal solid wastes. They are 

applicable to all municipal authorities responsible for collection, segregation, storage, 

transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. 

Keeping these rules in view, it is proposed to introduce: 

• house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes through: 

Community bin collection (central bin) or 

Collection on regular pre-informed timings and scheduling. 

• Segregation of municipal solid wastes at source: 

Establish and maintain hygienic storage facilities based on the quantities of waste 

generation in a given area. 

Using covered vehicles for transportation of municipal solid wastes on a daily basis: 

Adoption of suitable technology for waste processing so as to minimize burden on land fill. 

Adequately equipping the local body with necessary machinery, tools and equipments to 

ensure improved provision of the service and 

Creation of public awareness regarding 4R’s, viz., Reduce, Recycle; Reuse and Recover) 

44

Issues 

Major issues which emerged out from the analysis of this sector are as follows. 

• Primary collection: 

Refuse collection is being done in only 5 by 

the Municipality out of 21 wards in the town. In 

rest of the wards, refuse collection is being 

done by staff engaged by Tea Estate 

Management; 

Absence of segregation of wastes; 

Uncontrolled littering along main roads and 

drains and 

Absence of community awareness about the 

importance of proper refuse collection and 

disposal. 

• Secondary collection: 

Absence of adequate number of vehicles for 

refuse transportation; 

Disposal of waste: The transportation of 

refuse is carried out in one shift. Each vehicle 

makes three trips each in a day covering an 

average distance of 2.5 kms. 

According to the Municipal officials, 9.30 MT of waste 

is being disposed off daily. 

Waste disposal: 

The collected wastes are dumped in the compose yard 

in the Stanmore Road with an area of one acre. 

• Personnel : 

According to the norms, the total number of 

sanitary workers required is 50 as against 

which, the local body has presently 43 

workers, as short fall of 7 workers. 

• Tools and equipment: 

Absence of push carts is adversely affecting 

the effective provision of the service. 

Inadequacy of vehicles for disposal of waste. 

Community participation: For ensuring 

efficient provision of solid wastes 

management services, active community 


Issues 

Table 9.2 : Solid wastes management: Issues and interventions 

Interventions 

According to the Vision Plan, the deficiencies in solid Proposed system 

wastes management provision are: 

In order to achieve the above objective, a ‘Bin system 

• Uncontrolled littering along the main roads and of Solid Waste Storage’ at source is being 

streets; 

recommended. 

• Usage of old/slow moving vehicles and delay in 

removal of solid wastes; 

According to this system, each of the households 

• 

• 

100% removal of solid wastes is not done daily shall be directed to keep separate bins/containers for 

and 

biodegradable and non-bio degradable waste 

Non-availability of proper compost yard and land generated within their premises. 

fill site with suitable infrastructure facilities. 

The bins can be of 10-15 liters capacity made of 

Further, critical issues relating to refuse collection plastic / reinforced plastic or metal bins of individual 

services are: 

choice, but should be provided with lid. 

The segregated waste so stored in these bins will 

be: placed in separate dustbins / community 

collection point or 

In the municipal vehicle that comes to each 

household at specified time. 

Strategies Primary Collection 

The following measures have been recommended 

for improving the primary collection practices of the 

town: 

• Phased implementation of ‘Door to Door collection 

System’ through community organisations and 

municipality by mobilising, facilitating, organising 

and supporting community activities with the help 

of local NGOs. 

• Installation of ‘Community Storage Bins’ in areas 

where house-house collection could not be 

implemented. 

• Introduction of multi-bin carts containing six bins 

of capacity sixty litres made of fibre/plastic bins. 

• Introduction of ‘Voluntary Garbage Disposal 

Scheme’ for restaurants/hotels and commercial 

establishments and collecting user charges. 

• Placement of dumper containers of sufficient 

number in markets and ensuring that all the 

vendors place the waste in the containers. 

• Persuading the hospitals to be part of the existing 

bio-medical waste management facility in the 

suburbs of the city. 

• Phasing out of the present system of primary 

collection by introducing multi-bin carts (Push 

carts / Tricycles), semi mechanized systems etc. 

• Storing of non-biodegradable waste in separate 

bins to be collected by separate collection 

vehicles. 

Approach for Waste Collection and Transportation. 

45

participation is essential. It is observed that 

there is only a limited participation in this 

regard by way of involving self help groups in 

service provision. This practice needs to be 

extended, both in terms of geographical 

coverage and service aspects, 

Private sector participation: For ensuring 

efficient provision of solid wastes 

management services, active private sector 

participation is essential in all the elements of 

service provision, which is presently absent. 

Solid Waste generation 


It is envisaged that 100 percent area of the ULB be 

brought under door-to-door collection and hence, no 

additional dust bins are proposed, except for slums 

and other areas. 

These are estimated to be about 20 to 25 percent in 

2009. 

The rest of the 75 to 80 percent of the primary 

collection needs to be privatized. In this scenario, the 

ULB shall be responsible for secondary collection. 

The existing dust bins shall be phased out in an 

organized manner according to the implementation of 

the system. This is proposed to be achieved by the 

year 2010-11. 

Based on these assumptions, the equipments for 

primary collection is estimated, to meet the future 

waste generation. 

Approach for Disposal of Waste. 

The characteristics and quantity of solid waste 

generated in the town primarily influence the disposal 

options. 

A review of the availability of solid waste sample 

indicates that nearly 60 percent of the waste 

generated in the town is organic in nature. 

Considering these aspects, it is recommended to 

develop a landfill site and composting site for safe 

disposal of solid waste. 

The disposal strategies will be to: 

(i) Compost the organic fraction of the waste 

(ii) Sanitary land filling of inorganic fraction of waste 

and the compost rejects 

(iii) Encouraging local level aerobic vermi composting 

and 

(iv) Educating the community on 4R strategy 

(Reduce, Reuse. Recycle and Recover). 

The following table gives the anticipated waste generation for the coming years. 

Table 9.3 : Projected waste generation 

Year Population Waste generated in metric tones 

2010 26810 17.7 

2025 28397 27.03 

2040 30018 38.68 

46


The specifications for the introduction of this system are presented in the following table. 

Table 9.4 : Specifications for Bin System of Waste Storage at Source 

Source Storage of segregated waste 

S.no 

Bio-degradable Non bio-degradable 

1 House Holds 10-15 litres capacity 

plastic/reinforced plastic/ 

/metal bins with lid 

A bin or bag of suitable size 

2 Hotels, 

Restaurants 

60 litres capacity A bin or bag of suitable size 

3 Shops, offices, Suitable container not exceeding A bin or bag of suitable size 

institutions 

4 Market Stalls 

Kalyana 

mandapams 

5 Hospitals, 

nursing homes 

6 

Construction/ 

demolition 

waste 

60 litres 

40-60 liters bin 

Bin / Skip matching to 

Municipal Collection system 

60 liters capacity bin for non- 

infectious bio-degradable waste 



Store waste as per Bio-medical 

Waste Management Handling Rules 

1998 

Store with in premises and deposit in 

the notified Site by the local body or 

to the municipal Vehicle 

7 Garden waste Store with in premises Deposit in large community bin or to 

the municipal vehicle 

The details of proposed primary collection system are as follows. 

Table 9.5 : Proposed Primary Collection System 

S.no Mode of collection Area of collection Primary Collection 

Vehicle 

1 Door to Door 

collection 

Residential 

colonies 

of high & middle 

income group 

Multi-bin cart/Tricycle- 

with 6 of 40 litre capacity 

bins 

2 Hotels/restaurants Closed vehicle to collect 

Bio-degradable 

3 Combination 

of Kerb-side 

& bell system 

4 Large 

Community 

bin system 

5 Small 

community 

bin s stem 

Mixed residential, 

Commercial Areas 

Fruit & Vegetable 

Market / transfer 

stations 

Slums/urban poor 

colonies 

Tri-cycle- with six bins 

of 40 litre 

Carrying bins to transfer 

point 

Carrying bins to transfer 

point 

Secondary storage 

1. Bio-degradable in 

wheel 

containers 

2. Nonbiodegradable-sell 

or 

hand over to 

waste collector to be 

directly transported 

to disposal site 

Bins emptied to skips 

Kept for the waste. 

Skip / dumper placer 

Transfer contents of 

biodegradable to 

community bins 

The future requirements of tools and equipment for solid waste management are illustrated in the 

following table. 

47


Table 9.6 : Requirements of tools and equipment for Solid Wastes Management 

S.No Description Unit 2010 2025 2040 

A Primary collection 

1 Containerized Tri Cycles Nos. 57 41 37 

B Secondary collection 

1 Containerized Bins (2.5 T) Nos. 5 3 3 

C Transportation Vehicles 

1 Tipper lorries Nos. 2 1 1 

D Disposal Site 

1 Compost Facility Development Acres 4 3 3 

Note: We have assumed two trips per vehicle each working day 

The above figure for ‘Compost Facility Development’ has been calculated at the rate of 2.833mt/ 

acre (provided by Gudalur Municipal Council data). 

As is clear from the above table, with regard to ‘Primary Collection’ of waste, the requirements for 

“Containerized Tri Cycles” in Y2009-10 is 57.. Similarly, during the periods, Y2025 and Y2040, 

additional requirements of 41 and 37 “containerized tri cycles” respectively, are anticipated. 

In respect of ‘Secondary Collection’ of waste, the requirement for “Containerized Bins (2.5 T)” in 

Y2009-10 is 5. Similarly, during the periods, Y2025 and Y2040, additional requirements of 3and 3 

“containerized bins (2.5T)” respectively, are anticipated. 

The requirement of transportation vehicles viz., ‘Tipper Lorries’ in Y2010 are 2. During the periods, 

Y2025 and Y2040, additional requirements of 1 and 1 “Tipper Lorries”, respectively is anticipated. 

STORM WATER DRAINS 

The following table indicates the issues and proposed intervention in this sector. 

Table 9.7 : Storm water drains: Issues and interventions 

Issues Interventions 

• In the town total length of drains (12.07 kms) Approach 

as against the total road length of 145.77 kms 

(in percentage terms works out to 8.2%) is 

totally inadequate. 

Preparation of a comprehensive Drainage Master Plan 

for the town to meet the present needs and to plan for 

future requirements is sine qua non for this sector. 

• Nearly 18% of the drains in the town are The ULB should increase the service levels in terms of 

closed drains; 

• Eroded soil and garbage carried by the storm 

coverage, to achieve coverage of 100 percent of road 

length, through built drains. 

water during rainy season block the drains Strategies have been conceived on the fact that the 

leading to overflow of water onto the roads and primary drains have to be conserved and shall be used 

low lying areas. 

as effective carriers of storm water. 

• It is reported, that, many drains are damaged The secondary and tertiary drains, mostly consisting of 

and need immediate repairs. In order to the road side drains, ought to be provided for all the 

improve the drainage condition in the town 

reconstruction of damaged drains with cement 

concrete, provision of cement concrete drains 

major arterial roads and lined not only to drain storm 

water but to also preserve the condition of the road 

surface. 

along with new roads construction and Accordingly, the following strategies have been 

provision of R.C.C slab culverts are proposed. formulated. 

48

• Problem of encroachments along the major 

drains, mostly in thickly populated areas. 

which results in flooding during rainy season 

• Non availability of required sanitation facilities 

and indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes into 

the drains creates serious public health 

hazards in the town. 


• Primary drain rehabilitation and improvement 

program 

The primary drains are inadequate to handle the storm 

water as they are not systematically designed and are 

not fully constructed in all parts of the town. 

To alleviate these, a rehabilitation and improvement 

program is recommended. 

The program shall aim at the following: 

1. Improvement measures such as widening and 

deepening and construction of side walls 

2. Diversion of drains at critical sections 

3. Construction of cross- drainage works. 

• Drainage rehabilitation program 

The flood prone areas within the municipality area are to 

be relieved of the problem in future by undertaking a 

drainage rehabilitation program. 

As a part of this program, the leading/connections 

between secondary and tertiary drains to primary drains 

have to be improved and strengthened. 

In addition, control of weed growth, limiting the dumping 

of solid and construction waste and controlling the 

encroachments have to be encouraged to effect a 

smooth and effective functioning of the drainage system. 

It is also necessary to convert the kutcha drains to 

pucca drains to facilitate proper draining of storm water. 

• Operation & Maintenance Schedule. 

Adoption of an O & M Schedule for works varying from 

drain cleaning to desilting, including options of using the 

private sector for O & M needs attention. 

The future requirements of storm water drains are illustrated in the following table. 

Table 9.8 : Requirements of Storm Water Drains 

Description Unit 2010 2025 2040 Total Requirement 

(in Km) 

Up gradation of Kutcha to Pucca km 0.821 0 0 0.821 

New Pucca Opened Drains km. 452.1 452.1 0 904.1 

New Pucca Closed Drains km. 307.8 307.8 0 615.5 

Desilting & Strengthening of Primary km. 11.25 11.25 0 22.5 

Drains 

(Norms: Adopting the First SFC principles: 

• Covered or open pucca storm water drains are recommended based on hierarchy of theroad. 

• In bus routes roads which carry major portion of traffic, pucca covered drains are 

recommended. 

Following the above principles, 

• 25% of the road length is assumed to require closed drains). 

49

ROADS 

The issues relating to this sector are as follows. 


Table 9.9 : Roads: Issues and interventions 


• Inadequate coverage: Road density Conducting a comprehensive traffic and 

is only 0.67 kms/ sq kms as against transportation survey. 

benchmark of 10 – 15 kms/ sq kms. 

Objectives 

• Percapita road length is only 0.29 The strategic objectives of road network improvements 

kms as against the norm of 1.75 are: 

• 

kms. 

Absence 

Absence 

of 

of 

Street 

signs, 

furniture: 

footpaths, 

• To improve the connectivity and accessibility within the 

town, 

• To improve the efficiency of road space, and 

improper road cleaning etc., creates • To reduce delays at the junctions. 

• 

problems for road users. 

Design Criteria 

Poor maintenance of roads: The 

Given the low coverage of the current roads, in terms of 

roads are, mostly, filled with pot space available for circulation, the area under roads 

holes and bumps. 

needs to be increased to 100% from the current levels. 

The future requirements of this sector are as follows. 

Implementation strategy 

Strategy needs to focus to have 100 percent coverage of 

surfaced roads including up-gradation of roads. 

Roads Planning 

Roads planning also need to ensure that road; parking 

and traffic infrastructure provision match the town’s 

present and future needs for both private and public 

transport. 

Asset Rehabilitation 

Upgrading needs to be undertaken to extend, refurbish 

and enhance the roads. Plans would be phased so as to 

optimize cost and surface condition and need to include 

upgrading earthen to bituminous topped roads. This 

phased up gradation would considerably reduce the costs 

on new formations. 

Traffic Management Plan 

This will focus on junction improvements, traffic 

management within core areas of the town, parking and 

pedestrian facilities. 

It has been observed that, in most of the major roads in 

the town, pedestrians are forced to use the carriageway 

due to the absence or poorly maintained footpaths. 

For traffic safety and convenience, appropriate signs, 

markings, lighting, guideposts are required to be provided 

on curves, intersections, public utility places, etc. 

• Provision of road furniture like informatory, regulatory 

and cautionary sign boards; high mast lighting at all 

major junctions; stop signs etc. need to be made 

50


Table 9.10 : Requirements of Roads 

Sr. Item Unit 2010 2025 2040 Total Requirement 

No 

(in Km) 

A Up gradation of Roads 

1 Up gradation of WBM to 

Black Top 

Km 1.65 - - 1.65 

Up gradation of Earthen to 

Black Top 

1.07 - -- 1.07 

B New Formation of Roads 

1 Black Top km. 1015 1015 - 2030 

2 Concrete 54 54 - 108 

C Strengthening of Existing 

Internal Roads 

1 Major Roads and Bus 

Route Roads (25%) 

Km 6.4 - - 6.4 

2 Other than Major Roads 

and Bus Route Roads 

km 19.2 - - 19.2 

(75%) 

Conducting of 

Comprehensive Traffic & 

D Transportation Survey 

(Norms 

For the road sector, the Tami Nadu First State Finance Commission Report observed that: 

• “All roads have to be BT in stages i.e. earthen to WBM and WBM to BT”. (Para 3.5.15, p245). 

• Further, the Commission stated that 100% of municipal roads are to be covered with BT surface. 

• According to the National norm a minimum of 5% of municipal roads need to be cementing concrete). 

STREET LIGHTS 

The main issues relating to this sector are as follows: 

Table 9.11 : Street lights: Issues and interventions 


• According to the Municipal officials street 

lighting in the town is inadequate and 

The main focus in this sector relate to: 

proposal has been formulated to improve • Optimising the average spacing between lamp posts 

the situation. 

in the town; 

• Existence of a large number of tube • Provision of sodium vapor and mercury lights at 

lights (93%) and Sodium vapour lamps important road junctions; 

and mercury lamps account for 7% of the • Introduction of lamp posts in non-lit and newly 

total street lights. 

developing areas; 

• Still nearly 32% of road length needs to • Repairs to the damaged street lighting poles and 

be covered by street lights. 

• Minimising the power consumption charges by 

• Spacing between two poles is nearly 65 providing energy saver bulbs and automatic timer 

mts. 

switches etc. 

• High power consumption charges and 

existence of damaged poles/ slant poles 

and 

Absence of complaints redressal system. 

51

The requirements of the street lights are indicated in the following table: 


Table 9.12 : Requirements of Street lighting 

S.no Description Units 2010 2025 2040 

Total Requirement (in 

Number) 

1 Additional street 

Nos (25% - 4561 4561 - 9122 

lighting points to 

High power 

rationalize the spacing Lights) 

between the poles Nos (75% - 

Fluorescent 

Tube Lights) 

13685 13684 - 27369 

2 Conversion of existing 

1660 - - 1660 

tube lights 

Fluorescent 

Lights 

to 

Tube 

Nos 

3 Power saver switches 

1169 - - 1169 

for SVL lamps and high 

power lamps 

Nos 

To improve the operation and maintenance of street lights, it is proposed that private sector/ self help 

groups may be involved. 

SLUMS 

The local body has prepared a project report under Integrated Housing and Slum Development 

Programme. Broadly, the details are as follows. 

1. Housing 

The housing components consist of existing, pucca and proposed new constructions in the identified 

slums under IHSDP. 

ADDITIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRMENTS 

During the course of discussions with the elected representatives, municipal officials and citizens in 

general, the following additional infrastructure requirements were identified. 

Table 9.13: Additional Infrastructures Required 

Sl 

No 

Description Location 

Total 

Qty 

1 Boat House 1. Rallikadu 

2. Starmoae Junction 

2 Nos 

2 Childrens park 1. Anamalai Club Road 

2. Near New Busstand 

2 Nos 

3 Construction of Cottage 1. Attakatti Near Check post 

2. Near Taluk office 

25 Nos 

4 Construction of Crematorium (Gassifier) Existing Burial ground 1 No 

5 Improvement the Vegetable market 

Water supply, Lighting, Sanitation, Solid 

Waste Disposal and collection, Loading, 

Unloading etc. 

6 Shopping Complex cum Stadium 

Near Police Station 10 Nos 

+ 1No 

52

10 Capital Investment Plan 

10.1 Water supply: 

The municipality does not require any investment in water supply. 

10.2 Underground Drainage: 

Table 10.1 : Investment in underground drainage 

Year Requirement in Lakhs 

2010 1658 

2025 1036 

2040 1451 

Total investment in Rs. 

4145 

Lakhs 

Investment in underground drainage is estimated to be Rs. 4145 lakhs. 

10.3 Solid Waste Management 


The requirements for primary and secondary collection, transportation and disposal of the wastes 

as per the existing Solid Wastes Management Rules formulated by the Government of India have 

been taken into consideration while working out the capital investment for this sector. 

The following table gives the capital investment requirements for this sector. 

Table 10.2 : Requirements of tools and equipment for Solid Wastes Management 

S.No Description Unit 2010 2025 2040 

A Primary collection 

1 Containerized Tri Cycles Cost Rs.8000 each 4.56 3.28 2.96 

B Secondary collection 

1 Containerized Bins (2.5 T) Cost Rs.50000 each 2.50 1.5 1.50 

C Transportation Vehicles 

1 Tipper lorries Cost Rs.1180000 

each 

23.60 11.8 11.80 

D Disposal Site 

1 Compost Facility 

Development 

Acres 

40.00 30 30.00 

70.66 46.58 46.26 

Total investment in Rs. Lakhs 163.5 

10.4 Storm Water Drains 

The investments are in line with the up gradation and the need for new formations. It is proposed to 

upgrade the exiting drains and formation of new drains. It is also proposed to desilt, deepen and 

strengthen the existing drains wherever necessary. The objective is to cover 100% of the road 

length with drains. 

53

The capital investment needs of this sector are as under. 


Table 10.3 : Capital investments for drains 

Description 

Unit Cost (in 

Rs. lakhs) 

2010 2025 2040 Total Cost (in 

Rs. Lakhs) 

Up gradation of Kutcha to Pucca 10.8 4.44 4.44 - 8.87 

New Pucca Opened Drains 12.96 5858.62 5858.62 - 11717.24 

New Pucca Closed Drains 18.36 5650.29 5650.29 - 11300.58 

Desilting & Strengthening of Primary 

Drains 

273.16 3073.05 3073.05 - 6146.1 

Preparation of Drainage Master Plan Lumpsum 35 - - - 

Total investment in Rs. Lakhs 

14621.4 14586.4 ‐ 29207.8 

(Unit cost was worked out on the basis of Report of the Revised City Development Plan for Coimbatore Local 

Planning Area, July 2007. Costs of the municipal area have been referred to. The 2007 prices have been 

revised to 2008-09 price index) 

10.5 Roads 

Under this component, it is proposed to undertake improvement of exiting roads like up grading 

earthen/WBM to BT, strengthening of the existing internal roads and repairs to existing damaged 

roads. New formation of roads to meet the demand for presently uncovered areas and to meet the 

future needs of this sector is also envisaged. The capital investment requirements of roads are as 

follows. 

Table 10.4 : Capital Investment for Road 

Sr. Item Unit Updated 

Total cost 

No 

unit cost 

in Rs.lakhs 2010 2025 2040 In Rs. lakhs 

A Up gradation of Roads 

1 Up gradation of WBM to 

Black Top 

Up gradation of Earthen to 

Black Top 

B New Formation of Roads 

Km 11 - - - - 

6.71 63.745 63.745 - 127.49 

1 Black Top km. 28.2 12409.41 12409.41 - 24818.82 

2 Concrete 45 900 900 - 1800 

C Strengthening of Existing 

Internal Roads 

1 Major Roads and Bus Route 

Roads (25%) 

Km 13.36 62.792 62.792 - 125.584 

2 Other than Major Roads and 

Bus Route Roads (75%) 

km 13.36 187.708 187.708 - 375.416 

D Undertaking comprehensive 

traffic and transportation 

survey 

Lumpsum 50 - - 50 

Total investment in Rs. Lakhs 31287 31237 - 62524 

(Unit cost was worked out on the basis of Report of the Revised City Development Plan for 

Coimbatore Local Planning Area, July 2007. Costs of the municipal area have been referred to. The 

2007 prices have been revised to 2008-09 price index) 

54

10.6 Street Lighting 

Table 10.5 : Capital investment in Street lighting 

Description Updated unit cost 

(in Rs. lakh) 

Additional street 

lighting points to 

rationalize the spacing 

between the poles 

Conversion of existing 

tube lights to 

fluorescent lights 

Power saver switches 

for SVL lamps and 

high power lamps 

Total investment Rs. 

lakhs 

25% high 

power lights 

75% 

fluorescent 

tube lights 


2010 2025 204 

0 

Total Cost 

(in Rs. Lakhs) 

0.268 1222.35 1222.35 - 2444.7 

0.310 4242.2 4242.2 - 8484.4 

0.06 49.8 49.8 - 99.6 

0.074 43.255 43.255 - 86.51 

5557.605 5557.605 - 11115.21 

(Unit cost was worked out on the basis of Report of the Revised City Development Plan for 

Coimbatore Local Planning Area, July 2007. Costs of the municipal area have been referred to. The 

2007 prices have been revised to 2008-09 price index) 

Provision for additional lights to meet the present and future requirements have been worked out 

keeping in mind conversion of existing tube lights to fluorescent ones and installation of power 

saving devices for high power lamps is envisaged. 

The capital investment requirements of the street lights are as follows. 

(Norm: 

• According to the First State Finance Commission norms for roads: “… depend on the 

importance of the road and density of population. Hence, in case of Corporations and 

Municipalities, the norms will be on higher side…. It is also recommended to replace ordinary 

lamps atleast by tube-lights wherever they exist” (Para 3.5.20, p247). 

• The Commission recommended 30 metres spacing between two electricity poles and distribution 

of lights: Sodium vapor 20% and tube lights 80%). 

10.7 Additional Infrastructure Requirements 

The following table elaborates the capital investment required for additional infrastructures. 

Table 10.6 :Additional Infrastructures Required 

Sl 

No 

Description 

Total 

Qty 

Amount Rs in 

Lakhs 

1 Boat House 2 Nos 50 

2 Childrens park 2 Nos 8 

3 Construction of Cottage 25 Nos 124 

4 Construction of Crematorium (Gassifier) 1 No 60 

5 Improvement the Vegetable market 

Water supply, Lighting, Sanitation, Solid Waste Disposal and 

collection, Loading, Unloading etc. 

100 

6 Shopping Complex cum Stadium 10 Nos 

+ 1No 

35 

Total investment in Rs. Lakhs 377 

55

10.8 Capital investment Plan 

S. 

no 

Table 10.7 : Capital investment requirement for 2010, 2025 and 2040 

Sector Investment in 

2010(Rs in lakhs) 

Investment in 

2025(Rs lakhs) 


Investment in 


Cost (in Rs. 

Lakhs) 

1 Water Supply - - - - 

2 Underground Drainage 2072.5 2072.5 4145 

3 Solid wastes 

management 

70.66 46.58 46.26 163.5 

4 Storm water drains 14621.4 14586.4 - 29207.8 

5 Roads 31287 31237 - 62524 

6 Street lights 5557.605 5557.605 - 11115.21 

7 Additional infrastructure 125.67 251.33 - 377 

8 • Capacity Building 

• Updating GIS data 

• Property management 

mapping 

• Computerization 

(1% of total project 

cost) 

537.40 537.40 - 1075 

Total 54273 54289 46 108610 


Lakhs 108610 

The Total Capital Investment Plan works out to Rs. 108610 lakhs. 

56

11 Financial Operating Plan 

Table 11.1: Sector wise phasing of investment 

S. no Sector Investment in 

2010(Rs in lakhs) 

Investment in 



Investment in 


Cost (in Rs. 

Lakhs) 

1 Water Supply - - - - 

2 Underground Drainage 2072.5 2072.5 4145 

3 Solid wastes management 

70.66 46.58 46.26 163.5 

4 Storm water drains 14621.4 14586.4 - 29207.8 

5 Roads 31287 31237 - 62524 

6 Street lights 5557.605 5557.605 - 11115.21 

7 Additional infrastructure 125.67 251.33 - 377 

8 • Capacity Building 

• Updating GIS data 

• Property management 

mapping 

• Computerization 

• (1% of total project cost) 

537.40 537.40 - 1075 

Total 54273 54289 46 108610 


Lakhs 108610 

Table 11.2: Percentage Spending Per Year 

Year Amount (In Rs. lakhs) Amount As a % Of Total 

Investment 

2010 54273 49.90 

2025 54289 49.98 

2040 46 0.04 

As per the Income and Expenditure forecast for the period from 2010 to 2040 it is seen that the unit 

suffers from considerable Income/Expenditure mismatch and carries a deficit all through the entire 

30 year period as follows: 

YEAR DEFICIT (Rs.Lakhs) 

2010 424 

2025 975 

2040 1875 

Total average deficit works out to Rs.1091 per annum and Rs.32740 Lakhs for the entire period. 

This is a considerable deficit on any count and is perhaps 1/3 rd of the Total Capital Commitment in 

the offing. Under these circumstances it is not possible to explore the possibility of tapping External 

Sources for providing funds towards Capital Expenditure. However VALPARAI is one of the 

upcoming Tourist Resorts and if needy facelift is given in the form of better Civic facilities, there will 

be a spurt in Tourist Traffic from both Domestic and International Sectors. This avenue is promising 

enough to attract Investors if Bearer Bonds are issued to raise Rs.54000Lakhs to invest in the 

proposed Capital Plan. 

57


Hence it is felt in order to float Bearer Bonds with tenure of say 15 years and with an attractive 

Coupon Rate and Repurchase Option AT PAR. Such Bonds will have to be guaranteed by the 

Government of Tamil Nadu for liquidity and Investor confidence. 

Bonds thus floated can be allotted to Tourism Development Corporation Government of India, 

TNTDC, Provident and Pension Funds, LIC, Cooperative Societies governed by Cooperative 

Societies Act, etc with due intervention of Government of Tamil Nadu. 

Since Interest is payable annually which amounts to Rs.4320 Lakhs per annum [assuming Coupon 

Rate @ 8%] such interest implications can be factored into the future Taxes and rentals. 

Once the initial civic facilities are in place by 2025,depending on the better financial performance 

which are expected to come into being, repurchase option can be contemplated so as to gain on 

Market Trend and Demand for Bonds. This way trading in Bonds will help to generate additional 

resources to some extent. 

Assuming that each Bond is with a face value of Rs.1 Lakh and at the time of repurchase the Bond 

carries a premium of 10%,the Municipality stands to gain a sum of Rs.10,000/- per Bond and on 

the Total Issue such sum works out a sum of Rs.5400 Lakhs which can be ploughed back. 

58


Bus Stand at Town Centre On Street Parking is common site 

Semi Kutcha type of houses are common Auto Stand of Town 

Inter State Bus Terminus prone to flooding 

due to location in low lying area 

Municipality Office: Centre of Urban 

Governance 

59

Public consultation: Summary of discussions. 


VENUE :MARRIAGE HALL 

DATE :13.03.08 

TIME :10.00AM-1.00PM 

S.NO NAME DESIGNATION Suggestions for improved civic services provision 

Migration of people to other districts needs to be 

1 N.K.Tajudeen Traders’ Asociation stopped. 

Control of reserve lands should vest in the 

municipality. 

Job opportunities for educated 

Industrial estates to be set up to create employment 

opportuinities. 

Parking and lodge facilities to be provided. 

Drainage-maintenance needs attention. 

Govt.Hospital needs to be set up. 

Roads maintenance needs to be improved. 

Water supply position needs to be improved. 

Parks needs to be provided. 

Cinema theatre to be opened. 

Weekly shandy should be improved 

Conversion of agricultural lands for non agricultural 

purposes. 

2 T.A.Suresh Merchant Parking& lodge facilities to be improved. 

Private bus services needs to be provided. 

Setting up parks. 

Provision of cinema halls. 

Provision of marriage halls. 

Guest house facilities need to be improved. 

3 JanakimRaman Ex.Chairman Valparai to be developed as a tourist centre. 

Provision of street lights on the Estate side. 

Construction of marriage hall. 

Provision of Government .hospital. 

Provision of private Bus services. 

Development of Markets. 

4 Thangavel EX.Councillor 

Public toilets all wards to be constructed. 

Akkamalai water supply scheme needs to be 

improved. 

Transport facilities need to be developed. 

Markets need to be provided with all the facilities. 

Starting of private bus services. 

5 K.Palanisamy 12th ward councilor Establishment of government hospital. 

Transport facilities need to be improved. 

Improvements in the bus stand. 

Providing protection to the public against wild animals. 

6 Thangaraj Retired teacher Necessary Establishment should made for SWM 

Increasing the strengthen of the sanitary workers. 

Mini buses to be operated by the Municipality. 

Provision of basic services in low income settlements. 

Water supply provision needs to be improved. 

Annexure 1 

60


7 M.Subbulakshmi 8th ward councilor Toilets facilities to be provided in all the wards. 

Water supply provision needs to be improved. 

Provision of street lights on the Estate side. 

8 Dhanaraj 16th ward councilor Hr.sec.school needs to be opened. 

Animal’s intrusion on the roads to be checked. 

Need for play grounds. 

Provision of toilets facilities in all the wards. 

Mini buses to be operated by Municipality. 

Provision of more street lights. 

Estate roads to be transferred to the Municipality. 

Valparai to be developed as a tourist centre. 

9 Shridevi Doctor.Govt.Hospital Facilities to be improved in the Hospital 

Parks and theater facilities need improvements. 

Hospital staff needs to be increased. 

Guest house facilities need to be improved. 

10 Isakkimuthu 3rd ward councillor Provision of basic services in low income localities. 

Estate areas need to be merged with the Municipal 

area. 

Pollachi-Valparai road be made as two way road. 

11 T.M.Mohideen 1st ward councillor Need to check the decline in the town’ population. 

Computer education centers need to be opened in the 

town. 

Need for revision of labor wages. 

Extension of market area. 

Provision for bus stand. 

61

Public Consultation Meet: List of Participants 

Date: 13 th March 2008 

A.BCEOM India Pvt. Ltd. 

S.No. Name Designation 

01. Dr. K. Sreeram Team Leader – TNCDP 

02. S. Natarajan Infrastructure Engineer – TNCDP 

03. Mare Muthu Project Assistant 

B.FROM THE TOWN 

01. J. Karunakaran Sanitary Inspector 

02. P. Sudheer Merchant 

03. G. Gusalavan Councilor of Merchant Asso. 

04. A.T. Edvin Public 

05. T.A. Suresh Public 

06. N.K. Dhanuthin Public 

07. P. Palanisamy Merchant 

08. A.V.V. Saravanan Citizen 

09. O.K. Sreedevi Asstt. Surgeon GH 

10. Dhillai Public 

11. C. Joseph Kumar Daily Thanthi Reporter 

12. C. Vidyabaskar Reporter 

13. C. Jayapalu Health Inspector 

14. P. Elango Health Inspector 

15. P. Thangavel Union Secretary 

16. K. Palanisamy Citizen 

17. M. Vijayakumar Citizen 

18. Suppulakshmsi Citizen 

19. A. Janakiraman Citizen 

20. M. Esakkimuthu Citizen 

21. K. Thanaraj Citizen 

22. S.P. Ashok Kumar Citizen 

23. C. Karthikeyan J.A.C/Municipality 

24. V. Saravanan RC/Municipality 

25. M. Sakthivel Asstt/Municipality 

26. D. Sivagnanam Journalist 

27. K. Harikrishnan Teacher 

28. Thangamuthu Citizen 

29. A. Gunaselan Citizen 

30. Jayakumar Reporter 

31. M. Vijayakumar Computer Operator 

32. K. Ranjith 7 th Ward Councilor 

33. A. Annamalai Head Clerk/Municipality 

34. C. Paraman Citizen 

35. S.A. Nellaiselvan Citizen 

36. C. Raj Staff/Municipality 

37. R. Rasmesh Tech. Asstt./Municipality 

38. P. Arumugam Citizen 

39. K. Palani Labour 

40. V. Durairaj Public 

41. T.M. Mideen 1 st Ward Councilor 

42. T. Velusamy 19 th Ward Councilor 

43. S. Manikandan Public 

44. V.P. Singaravelu Ex. MLA 

45. R.K. Kumar P.A./Ex. MLA 

46. N. Shanavaskhan GOI 

47. A. Pangaraj Retd. Sanitary Inspector 

48. M. Mathuram Selvam Doctor 

49. Minnal Tharmaraj Political Person 

50. Ms. Kittu Political Person 


Annexure 2 

62

Public Opinion Survey: List of Respondents 

(Responses received upto 15 th April 2008) 

Sl 

no Name Address 

1 K.Palanisamy LPI , Solaiyar Estate, 

Councilor, 12th Ward, 

Valparai,Coimbatore-642127 

2 Siga,Jaganathan Councilor-16th Ward, 

Manicka Pazhaya Kadu, 

Stanemore Group,( Estate ) 

Valparai,Coimbatore-642127 

3 Mrs .Janaki Councilor-17th Ward, 

17 / 327, Kalyana Pandhal, 

Lower Shakkalmudi, 

Murugali Bazar, Valparai 

4 Dr. Anandhan Doctor, 

Government Primary Health Centre 

Valparai,Coimbatore District 

5 Velmurugan Councilor, 6th Ward, 

Rottikkadai, 

Valparai, Coimbatore. 

6 Simon Estate Labour, 

Thoni mudi, I st Division, 


7 Esakkimuthu Councilor, 11th Ward, 

Nalla kaathu Estate, 


8 M.Subbulakshmi Councilor, 8th Ward, 

Pachai malai Estate, 

Valparai, Coimbatore 

9 Srinivasan Assistant Manager, 

REPCO Bank, 


10 K.Kalimuthu Councilor, 7th Ward, 

Stanemore Group,( Estate ) 


11 K.Dhanaraj Councilor, 14th Ward, 

Nallamudi, 

Nallamudi ( P.O ) 


12 S.Ramasubramaniam Press Reporter, 

No. 6, Govt Hospital Via, 


13 Dr.Mary Sugandha Senior Doctor, 

Government Primary Health Centre 


14 N.Shaw Nawaz Khan.B.A.,B.L Ameen Mansion 

Valparai-642127 

Coimbatore.District 


Annexure 3 

63

15 A.Pankraj President, 

Retired Government Employee's 

Association,Valparai, 

Combatore District 

16 Jayakumar Press Reporter, 

'Makkal Kural' 


17 T.M.Moitheen Councilor, 1st Ward, 

Attahatty, 


18 A.T.Selvin Valparai Taluk Merchants 

Association,Valparai, 

Coimbatore.District 


64

Urban Indicators 

The following tables highlight the urban indicators of the local body for the year 2006-07. 

1. Water Supply 


Annexure 4 

Water Supply Service indicators 

S.n Indicator Unit Existing situation Bench mark 

1 Per capita supply Lpcd 42 lpcd 90lpcd 

Transmission and distribution Percentage 15% 

2 losses 

3 Frequency of supply Day/hours Once in three days for a period 

of one and half to two hours. Daily 

4 Population 

population 

served to total Percentage 

100% 

5 Storage capacity to total supply Percentage 67% > 33 

6 Public stand posts Total number 108 

7 Length of distribution net work 

(Percentage of Road length) 

126.50 kms >85% 

8 Percentage of assessments Percentage 

100% 

covered by house service 

9 

connections 

Number of persons in slums per 

stand post 

Number 47 persons 

10 Revenue per 1000 liters Rs 0.20 

11 Cost per 1000 liters Rs 18.06 

12 Annual revenue per house 


Rs 

1342.00 

13 Annual expenditure per house 


Rs 

2320.86 

2. Solid Waste Management 

Solid wastes management service indicators 

S.no Indicator Present situation Bench mark 

1 Per capita generation 100 gms 

2 Population served per storage bin (total population / 

storage bins) 

9845 

3 Workers per sq. km of town area 5.06 

4 Road length covered per sweeper (meters) 1.16 kms 

5 Primary doorstep collection (percentage) 5% 100% 

6 Capacity of storage bins against total waste generated 1.03% 100% 

7 Spacing between bins( mts) 1016 m 100 mts 

8 Vehicle capacity to waste generated (percentage) 22% 100% 

9 Total cost per tones of waste collected per day (total 

cost / total waste generated in tones’ per day)(Rs) 

Rs 105.93 

10 Cost recovery (percentage) Nil 

11 Staff per ton of waste generated (total staff / total 

waste generated) 

0.22 

65

3. Roads 


Municipal Roads: Service Indicators 

S.no Indicator Current Situation Bench mark 

1 Road density 0.67 kms/sq.km 10.0-15.0 kms/Sq.km 

2 Per capita road length 0.29 kms 1.75 or km 

3 Percentage of cement concrete roads to 21% 

municipal roads 

5.0 per cent 

4 Percentage of Municipal surfaced roads 90% 100.0 per cent 

5 Length of roads having storm water drains 7.4% 

5 O&M cost per km of road length Negligible 

4. Street Lights 

Street Light Service Indicators 

S.N Indicator Unit Current situation Benchmark 

1 Number of street lights per sq.km 

of town area( Total number of 

street lights/ Total area of the local 

body) 

8.39 100% 

1 Spacing between street lights Meters 15.74 30 mts 

2 Percentage of tube lights Percentage 93 70-80 

3 High power lamps Percent 7 20-30 

4 O&M cost per street light Rs 1505.28 

5 Cost recovery Nil 

5. Key Financial Indicators 

Key Financial Indicators 

Indicators Value Unit 

A Resource Mobilization 

1 Per capita income Rs 240.71 Rs. p.a 

2 Sources of Funds 

a Share of own sources in total revenue income (RI) 60% % 

b Share of Property tax in total revenue income 15.8% % 

c Share of revenue grants and subsidies in total revenue income 40.0% % 

3 

Indicators 

Growth in revenue income 0.38% % p.a 

4 Growth in own sources of revenue income (-)0.81 % 

5 Per capita own income Rs 144.37 Rs. P.a 

B Fund Application 

1 Per Capita Expenditure 138.98 Rs. 

2 Uses of Funds 

a Share of establishment expenditure to total revenue expenditure 52.2% % 

b 

Share of O&M expenditure in total revenue 

33.7% % 

expenditure 

c Share of establishment expenditure to total revenue income 30.1% % 

3 Growth in establishment expenditure 1.45% % 

4 Growth in O&M expenditure 1.31% % 

5 Growth in total revenue expenditure 1.27% % p.a 

C Liability Management 

1 Per Capita Liability 

a Outstanding debt per capita Rs. 

b Outstanding non-debt liability per capita Rs. 

c Total outstanding liability per capita Rs. 

2 As a proportion of PT current demand 

a Outstanding debt as % of P.T demand % 

66


b Outstanding non-debt liability as % of P.T demand % 

c Total outstanding debt liability as percentage of P.T demand % 

3 As a proportion of own revenue income 

a Outstanding debt as % of own Revenue sources % 

b Outstanding non-debt liability as % of own revenue sources % 

c Total outstanding liability as % of own revenue sources % 

4 Non-debt liability as % of total liability % 

5 Debt servicing ratio (D.S/ Revenue income) % 

D Performance Indicators 

1 Operating ratio 0.57% Ratio 

2 Growth in per capita own income (-)19 % p.a 

3 Growth in per capita grant (-)0.79 % p.a 

4 Growth in per capita total revenue income (-)0.62 % p.a 

5 Growth in per capita establishment expenditure 45 % p.a) 

6 Growth in per capita O&M expenditure 31 % p.a 

7 Growth in per capita revenue expenditure 27 % p.a 

8 Capital utilization ratio Ratio) 

E Efficiency Indicators 

1 Tax collection performance 

a. Property tax 82% % 

b. Water charges 80% % 

C Profession tax 99% 

67

CDP - Municipal

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