Processing kodak motion picture films, module 3 analytical procedures
Processing kodak motion picture films, module 3 analytical procedures Processing kodak motion picture films, module 3 analytical procedures
d. Filling Using a bulb, draw the solution into the pipet to a point about one inch above the calibration mark, then remove the bulb and cap the pipes with the forefinger. e. Wiping Outside Before adjusting the liquid level to the mark, wipe off the drops adhering to the outside with a paper cleansing tissue. This prevents droplets on the outside from draining into the receiving vessel and affecting the results. f. Lowering Meniscus to Mark Hold the pipet in a vertical position at eye level over a waste container. Touch the tip of the pipet against the wall of the container. Hold the waste container at approximately a 30° angle so that the out-flowing liquid makes continuous contact with the container. Carefully lower the meniscus to the mark. See Figure 5. Figure 5 Lowering Meniscus to the Mark F002_0908AC Meniscus Mark g. Movement of Pipet to Receiving Vessel Carefully move pipet to the receiving vessel, avoiding rapid vertical motion which might dispense part of the solution prior to reaching the receiving vessel. h. Delivery Keeping the pipet in a vertical position, place the tip against the wall of the receiving vessel (at approximately a 30° angle) just above the surface of the liquid, then remove the forefinger. Allow to drain at a vertical position until the continuous outflow ceases, then remove the pipet. A small amount of the solution will, and should, remain in the tip of the pipet. Do not blow it out. i. Cleaning If, after usage, a pipet has a film of liquid in it, not droplets of liquid, it may be reused immediately with the same solution without being cleaned in a cleaning solution. Merely rinse it with the solution to be pipeted. It is not necessary to rinse it with reagent water just prior to rinsing with the sample to be pipeted. However, if droplets of liquid are adhering to the inner surface of the pipes or if it is colored, it should be rinsed with a cleaning solution, then rinsed inside and out with reagent water for approximately five seconds. If drops of water remain in the pipet, it is contaminated and must be treated again with cleaning solution. Store pipets in racks in a vertical position. Pipets must be recleaned immediately before use if allowed to stand more than an hour under ordinary conditions of air-contamination. 3. Micropipets Micropipets are used in methods where precise samples, 1.00 mL or less, are required. They are usually equipped with disposable tips. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for care and use of the micropipet and any additional instructions that may be included in the method. 4 Processing KODAK Motion Picture Films, Module 3, Analytical Procedures H24.03
4. Graduated Cylinders and Tip-up Pipets In many cases the volume of a solution to be used in an analytical method need be only an approximation of the specified volume. For example, the method may prescribe 20 mL of a reagent whereas only slightly more than 15 mL would suffice. In these cases, graduated cylinders or “tip-up” pipets are used. Graduated cylinders are calibrated to delivery (TD) or to contain (TC). See Table 1 for tolerances. “Tip-up” pipets require less time for operation and are. therefore, preferable. Portable “tip-up” pipets, shown in Figure 6, are available in different sizes. They have the accuracy of a graduated cylinder. They may be purchased with either standard taper, ground glass, male joints, or for use with rubber stoppers. It is suggested that Erlenmeyer flasks of 250-, 500-, or l000-mL capacity be selected with the ground glass joint to match. The restraining wires as shown in Figure 6 need not be used. Figure 6 Tip-up Pipet F002_0910AC 5. Burets Burets are graduated to deliver variable known volumes of liquids. Methods are generally developed to employ 30 to 50 mL of solution as measured from a buret. For such purposes, a 50-mL capacity buret is used. In those cases in which 10 to 20 mL of solution are measured from a buret, a 15 or 25 mL buret is used. Class A burets are required. See Table 1 for tolerances. Analysts should understand and apply the following specific instructions for the use of burets. a. Cleanliness Use a clean buret. The buret does not have to be dry before rinsing it with the solution to be used. If the buret is not perfectly clean, drops of the solution will adhere to the wall and the buret will deliver less than the indicated volume. Furthermore, the contaminants may affect the results. b. Perfect Tip Use a buret with a good tip. A buret with a broken tip may deliver a volume other than the rated volume when the tip is touched against the wall of the receiving vessel. A buret with a broken or chipped tip sometimes can be firepolished and salvaged. c. Stopcock Seal Use a buret which will hold a constant reading for at least 5 minutes. If the stopcock seal is defective, the solution will leak and thus lower the buret reading. Teflon stopcocks do not require grease, and are preferred. d. Rinsing Rinse the entire inner surface of the buret two or three times with portions of the solution to be used. e. Lowering Meniscus to the Zero Mark Fill the buret well above the zero mark. With the buret zero mark at eye level, lower the meniscus to the zero mark. Allow a minute or two for drainage, then make the initial reading, or readjust the buret precisely to the zero mark. During the waiting period, check for leaks and make certain that air bubbles are expelled either at the top or from the tip. After the meniscus has been adjusted, remove the final drop by touching the tip with the wall of a waste-solution beaker which is kept under the buret except during titration. One-second contact is adequate. f. Position The buret should be clamped in a vertical position during the readings and while the solution is being titrated. Processing KODAK Motion Picture Films, Module 3, Analytical Procedures H24.03 5
- Page 217 and 218: Titrimetric Determination of Ferric
- Page 219 and 220: Iodometric Determination of Ferricy
- Page 221 and 222: Potentiometric Determination of Fer
- Page 223 and 224: Iodometric Determination of Formali
- Page 225 and 226: Spectrophotometric Determination of
- Page 227 and 228: Titrimetric Determination of Hypo I
- Page 229 and 230: Potentiometric Determination of Iod
- Page 231 and 232: Potentiometric Determination of Pot
- Page 233 and 234: Titration Note: For preparation of
- Page 235 and 236: Titrimetric Determination of Persul
- Page 237 and 238: Spectrophotometric Determination of
- Page 239 and 240: APPARATUS Spectrophotometer with a
- Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX B Effect of Temperature in
- Page 243 and 244: Potentiometric Determination of Sil
- Page 245 and 246: Potentiometric Determination of Sod
- Page 247 and 248: Iodometric Determination of Total S
- Page 249 and 250: Titrimetric Determination of Total
- Page 251 and 252: Table 2 Contribution of Constituent
- Page 253 and 254: Determination of Sulfite in KODAK R
- Page 255 and 256: CALCULATIONS Na2SO3 , g/L = (mL B -
- Page 257 and 258: Colorimetric Determination of Thioc
- Page 259 and 260: APPENDIX A Calibration of Spectroph
- Page 261 and 262: Analysis Order for Photographic Pro
- Page 263 and 264: Procedure for Electroplating a Silv
- Page 265 and 266: The Selection, Care, and Use of Vol
- Page 267: In observing the lowest point on th
- Page 271 and 272: 6. Microburets Microburets equipped
- Page 273 and 274: Table 1 Required Tolerance for Volu
- Page 275 and 276: pH Measurement of Photographic Proc
- Page 277 and 278: Temperature Equilibration All sampl
- Page 279 and 280: Low-range pH Measurements (pH 1-7)
- Page 281 and 282: Preparation of Control Buffers 1. p
- Page 283 and 284: Standardization of pH Meter - Low p
- Page 285 and 286: Reference Electrode Care/Rejuvenati
- Page 287 and 288: Potentiometric Titrations for Photo
- Page 289 and 290: difference corresponds to the poten
- Page 291 and 292: Determination of Residual Thiosulfa
- Page 293 and 294: APPENDIX A Calibration Procedure Th
- Page 295 and 296: Determination of Silver in Thiosulf
- Page 297 and 298: Note: The appropriate amounts of 0.
- Page 299 and 300: The Determination of Specific Gravi
- Page 301 and 302: Instructions for Performance Checks
- Page 303 and 304: Processing KODAK Motion Picture Fil
d. Filling<br />
Using a bulb, draw the solution into the pipet to<br />
a point about one inch above the calibration<br />
mark, then remove the bulb and cap the pipes<br />
with the forefinger.<br />
e. Wiping Outside<br />
Before adjusting the liquid level to the mark,<br />
wipe off the drops adhering to the outside with a<br />
paper cleansing tissue. This prevents droplets on<br />
the outside from draining into the receiving<br />
vessel and affecting the results.<br />
f. Lowering Meniscus to Mark<br />
Hold the pipet in a vertical position at eye level<br />
over a waste container. Touch the tip of the pipet<br />
against the wall of the container. Hold the waste<br />
container at approximately a 30° angle so that<br />
the out-flowing liquid makes continuous contact<br />
with the container. Carefully lower the meniscus<br />
to the mark. See Figure 5.<br />
Figure 5 Lowering Meniscus to the Mark<br />
F002_0908AC<br />
Meniscus<br />
Mark<br />
g. Movement of Pipet to Receiving Vessel<br />
Carefully move pipet to the receiving vessel,<br />
avoiding rapid vertical <strong>motion</strong> which might<br />
dispense part of the solution prior to reaching the<br />
receiving vessel.<br />
h. Delivery<br />
Keeping the pipet in a vertical position, place the<br />
tip against the wall of the receiving vessel (at<br />
approximately a 30° angle) just above the<br />
surface of the liquid, then remove the forefinger.<br />
Allow to drain at a vertical position until the<br />
continuous outflow ceases, then remove the<br />
pipet. A small amount of the solution will, and<br />
should, remain in the tip of the pipet. Do not<br />
blow it out.<br />
i. Cleaning<br />
If, after usage, a pipet has a film of liquid in it,<br />
not droplets of liquid, it may be reused<br />
immediately with the same solution without<br />
being cleaned in a cleaning solution. Merely<br />
rinse it with the solution to be pipeted. It is not<br />
necessary to rinse it with reagent water just prior<br />
to rinsing with the sample to be pipeted.<br />
However, if droplets of liquid are adhering to the<br />
inner surface of the pipes or if it is colored, it<br />
should be rinsed with a cleaning solution, then<br />
rinsed inside and out with reagent water for<br />
approximately five seconds. If drops of water<br />
remain in the pipet, it is contaminated and must<br />
be treated again with cleaning solution. Store<br />
pipets in racks in a vertical position. Pipets must<br />
be recleaned immediately before use if allowed<br />
to stand more than an hour under ordinary<br />
conditions of air-contamination.<br />
3. Micropipets<br />
Micropipets are used in methods where precise<br />
samples, 1.00 mL or less, are required. They are<br />
usually equipped with disposable tips. Follow the<br />
manufacturer's instructions for care and use of the<br />
micropipet and any additional instructions that may be<br />
included in the method.<br />
4 <strong>Processing</strong> KODAK Motion Picture Films, Module 3, Analytical Procedures H24.03