Comprehensive action plan on Baffacos - Mizoram

GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM
COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN
FOR
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE
COMBAT SCHEMES
(BAFFACOS)
(2004-2005 to 2008-2009)
PLANNING & PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM

C O N T E N T S
Sl. No. Page No.
1. Preface
2. Introduction
3. Food & Civil Supplies 1 – 9
4. Agriculture 10 – 20
5. Industries 21 – 50
6. Rural Development 51 – 57
7. Horticulture 58 – 70
8. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary 71 – 83
9. Environment & Forests 84 – 94
10. Fisheries 95 – 112
11. Health & Family Welfare 113 – 133
12. Land Revenue & Settlement 134 – 137
13. Sericulture 138 – 156
14. Soil & Water Conservation 157 – 165
15. Information & Public Relations 166 – 167
16. Social Welfare 168 – 170

P R E F A C E
Government of Mizoram initiated the formulation of a comprehensive
programme of assistance for the farmers to combat bamboo flowering & famine aiming
to increase purchasing power among the rural poor families. It has been experiencing
bamboo flowering followed by severe famines & plague at the interval of 50 years in
Mizoram and a large scale bamboo flowering will take place around 2005-08.
From the past experiences bamboo flowering in Mizoram had been
usually accompanied by considerable increase of rodent population. Apart from
destruction of crops, the epidemiological imbalance also leads in increased risk of
infection or outbreak of rodent borne-diseases such as viral, bacterial, rickettsial
parasitic, and others like rabies, ring worm, etc.
Considering the consequences and the untold miseries which ensued the
gregarious bamboo flowering (commonly called Mautam) in Mizoram in the past Govt.
of Mizoram constituted a State level High Power Committee under the Chairmanship of
Chief Minister to address all issues relating to the imminent Mautam in Mizoram. A
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> Programme of Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme
[BAFFACOS] with Action Plans for the state to deal with the impact of the said natural
phenomenon and devised strategies for sourcing funds to put into <strong>action</strong> has thus
formulated to turn the problems of bamboo flowering into one of the way most benefited
by the people.
……
( H.V. LALRINGA )
Chief Secretary,
Govt. of Mizoram.

INTRODUCTION:
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Bamboo is an important resource in Indian Economy in term of creation of job
opportunities, while addressing the issue of poverty alleviation, shelter, nutritional security &
environmental sustainability. Flowering of Bamboo is always followed by famine and
epidemic outbreak as experienced in Mizoram during 1862, 1881, 1911 and 1959. However,
for various reasons, a National level <strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong> for Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat
Scheme (BAFFACOS) has not been developed so far.
A kind of famine visits Mizoram almost every fifty years. The flowering of
Melocanna baccifera, Bambusa tulda are responsible for the formidable famine. The
occurrence is followed by plague of rats which devour the Rice crops & cause a famine.
Thus, the Government of Mizoram has initiated the formulation of a comprehensive
programme of Assistance for the farmers to Combat Bamboo flowering & famine with a aim
to reduce poverty among farmers and surveillance of plague during famine period. It is
expected that large scale Bamboo flowering will take place around 2004 – 2007.
The proposals presented in this document in some schemes are based on prior
proposals prepared by the Government of Mizoram, but have been modified on the basis of
further discussions on technical, social, cost, scope and other considerations. Lack of detailed
data and information on certain aspects and time constraints have limited the degree of detail
incorporated in the proposals. The document has therefore been prepared as a draft concept
programme proposal that is considered to be sufficient detail to be evaluated by Government
of India.
The linkage of the scheme under various Department like Rural Development,
Horticulture, Forest, Road & Transport, Power, etc. are taken care of for smooth
implementation of the scheme.
An amount of Rs. 566.55 crore is earmarked for implementation of the scheme
covering 5 (five) years period & all work components envisaged in the scheme will be
implemented in the identified locations. During the current financial year 15% of the total
fund will be required as grant-in-aid for implementation of Bamboo Flowering and Famine
Combat Scheme (BAFFACOS) in Mizoram.

Introduction:
1
BAMBOO FLOWERING ANDFAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
FOOD & CIVIL SUPPLIES
COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN
The main task of the Department of Food and Civil Supplies is to ensure food security
in Mizoram through efficient Public Distribution System (PDS). The Department procures
foodstuff from FCI and dispatches them to various Principal Distribution Centres, Sub
Distribution Centres and Supplies Centres for equitable distribution to the public by Fair
Price Shop Retailers through Ration Cards.
In order to carry out this task effectively, the basic requirement of the Department is
as follows:
1. Allotment of foodstuff adequate for the Whole State and provision of
sufficient funds;
2. Storage facilities like Godowns, not only in main population Centres but
also in the remotest corners of the state;
3. Honorarium.
The above-mentioned requirements become all the more urgent and compelling, as
Mizoram is about to face the dreaded Mautam (flowering of Bamboos) sometime during
2005-2008. Most of the bamboos of Mizoram have a life cycle of 48/49 years, at the end of
which the bamboos began to flower, bear fruit and die. The field rats when feeding from the
bamboo fruits acquire accelerated fertility, thereby resulting in the explosion of rodent
population. When the bamboo fruits are exhausted, the rats turned to eating whatever food
grains available whether in the fields or in storage, causing extensive damage to the standing
crops resulting in devastating famine all over the State. The next flowering of bamboo is
forecasted to occur during 2005-2008.
The last Mautam occurred in 1959 with regrettable consequences. In fact, it was the
failure of the then Assam Government to adequately respond to the demands of famine relief
requirements which resulted in widespread outrage at what the people regarded as the
indifference of the Central Government to their plight. And, as is widely known today, that
outrage eventually let to insurgency in Mizoram, resulting in untold miseries to innocent
people. Indeed, the term ‘Mautam’ has lodged in the Mizo Psyche connoting unmanageable
danger.
COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN ON BAFFACOS
To combat the impending disaster, the Department of Food & Civil
Supplies proposes the following <strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong>:

2
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Manpower Requirement:
Due to imposition of ban on filling vacant posts by the state Government, unfilled
sanctioned posts in the Department have accumulated to 167. The existing staff strength is far
too inadequate to cope with the large network of operations of the Department. Shortage of
adequate staff has caused immense problems, particularly, in the effective implementation of
Public Distribution System and maintenance of full security of the Godowns, where huge
amount of foodstuff are stocked.
It is, therefore, imperative to device measures for safeguarding the Godowns from
thefts, fire, etc. by utilising the services of the NGOs in each and every village where the
Department is having supply centres, by paying an honorarium of Rs.3000/-per month per
centre for a period of 5 years. The total requirement of fund for the honorarium is estimated
at Rs.2.18 crore. Detailed requirement of fund is given in Annexure I.
Foodstuff:
Mizoram, being a deficit State, in terms of foodstuff production, needs to procure
annually three-fourth of its foodstuff requirement from outside. To face the impending
famine (Mautam), the quantum of foodstuff procurement will have to be increased
considerably. So, the Central Government needs to be requested to enhance the existing
allotment to the State sufficient for distribution at the scale of 3 kg per adult per week, and
half of that for minor for a period of 5 years (2004-2009). The total additional requirement of
rice for 5 years is estimated at 168392 Metric tones. The cost of procurement of rice for 5
years at the prevailing rate will come to Rs. 139.76 crore. Year-wise requirement of rice and
requirement of fund for procurement for 5 years is given in Annexure II & III.
Transportation Cost:
The department is entrusted the task of transportation of foodstuff from FCI depots to
Principal Distribution Centres for further dispatch to Sub – Distribution Centres and Supply
Centres. However, requirement of transportation cost from the FCI Depots to Principal
Distribution Centres is excluded in the calculation, as it is reimbursable from FCI. The cost of
transportation from the PDCs to SDCs, supply centres and to the last outlets (Fair Price Shop
Retailers) will thus come to Rs. 36.70 crore for five years. Year-wise requirement of funds
for transportation Cost is given in Annexure IV.
Reconstruction of Old Godowns and Repair of existing Godowns:
The existing storage facilities are far too inadequate to meet the unprecedented
requirement that will arise from the famine. Provision may thus be made for reconstruction of
54 old Godowns at a cost of Rs. 1.08 crore and 28 existing Godowns need to be
renovated/repaired at the cost of Rs. 0.28 crore. List of Godowns which need reconstruction
and repair is given in Annexure – V & VI.

3
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
SL. NO. ITEMS
ABSTRACT OF FUND REQUIREMENT
AMOUNT
(Rs in crore)
1. Manpower requirement (Honorarium) 2.18
2. Procurement of Rice 139.76
3. Transportation Cost 36.70
4. Construction of New Godown 1.08
5. Repair of Existing Godown 0.28
GRAND TOTAL = Rs. 180.00 Crore
( Rupees One hundred eighty crore ) only.
YEAR-WISE PHASING OF PROPOSED FUND REGUIREMENT
Sl. No. Year Percent Amount Earmarked Remarks
1. 2004-05 15% 27.00
2. 2005-06 25% 45.00
3. 2006-07 25% 45.00
4. 2007-08 20% 36.00
5. 2008-09 15% 27.00
Grand total 100% 180.00
DETAILED OF WORK SCHEDULES FOR 2004-2005
Sl. No. Unit
1.
2.
3.
Reconstruction of old
Godowns
Repair of existing
Godowns
Procurement of
foodstuff
Rate
( Rs. in
thousand)
Amount
(Rs. in Crore)
54 200.00 1.08
28 100.00 0.28
25000
MT
8.30 20.75
4. Transportation cost - - 4.46
5.
Manpower Requirement
(Honorarium)
121 3.00 0.43
Total for the first year = 27.00 Crore
Remarks

4
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
DETAILED OF WORK SCHEDULED FOR 2005-2006
Sl. No. Item of Work Unit
Rate
(Rs. in
thousand)
Amount
(Rs.
In Crore)
1. Procurement of foodstuff 40000 MT 8.30 33.20
2. Transportation cost - - 11.37
5.
Manpower Requirement
(Honorarium)
121 3.00 0.43
Total for 2 nd Year 45.00 Crore
DETAILED OF WORK SCHEDULED FOR 2006-2007
Sl. No. Item of Work Unit
1.
Manpower requirement
(Honorarium)
Rate
(Rs. in
thousand)
Amount
(Rs. In
Crore)
121 3.00 0.43
2. Procurement of foodstuff 45000 MT 8.30 37.35
3. Transportation cost - - 7.22
Total for 3 rd Year 45.00 Crore
DETAILED OF WORK SCHEDULED FOR 2007-2008
Sl. No. Item of Work Unit
1.
Manpower requirement
(Honorarium)
Rate
(Rs. in
thousand)
Amount
(Rs. in
Crore)
121 3.00 0.43
2. Procurement of foodstuff 40000 MT 8.30 33.20
Transportation cost - - 2.37
Total for 4 th Year 36.00 Crore
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks

5
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
DETAILED OF WORK SCHEDULED FOR 2008-2009
Sl. No. Item of Work Unit
1.
Manpower requirement
(Honorarium)
Rate
(Rs. in
thousand)
Amount
(Rs. In
Crore)
121 3.00 0.46
2. Procurement of foodstuff 18393 MT 8.30 15.26
Transportation cost - - 11.28
ANNEXURE I
Total for 5 th Year 27.00 Crore
FUND REQUIREMENT FOR MANPOWER (HONORARIUM)
Sl. No. Year Unit / Quantity
Rate per month
Per Unit
Remarks
Amount
1. 2004-2005 121 Centres Rs. 3000 0.43 Crore
2. 2005-2006 121 Centres Rs. 3000 0.43 Crore
3. 2006-2007 121 Centres Rs.3000 0.43 Crore
4. 2007-2008 121 Centres Rs. 3000 0.43 Crore
5. 2008-2009 121 Centres Rs. 3000 0.46 Crore
Total 2.18 Crore
ANNEXURE II
YEARWISE REQUIREMENT OF RICE FOR 5 YEARS
(AT THE SCALE OF 3 KG PER ADULT PER WEEK AND HALF OF THAT FOR MINOR)
Sl.
No.
Year-wise
Break-up & Items
Total
requirement
Additional
requirement
Remarks
1 2 3 4 5
1 2004 – 2005
Projected Population (In Adult) 936022 25000 MT
Rice Requirement (In MT) 146024
2 2005 – 2006
Projected Population (In Adult) 960359 40000 MT
Rice Requirement (In MT) 149813
3 2006 – 2007
Projected Population (In Adult) 985328 45000 MT
Rice Requirement (In MT) 153710

6
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Sl.
No.
Year-wise
Break-up & Items
Total
requirement
Additional
requirement
Remarks
1 2 3 4 5
4 2007 – 2008
Projected Population (In 1010946 40000 MT
Adult.)
Rice Requirement (In MT)
157707
5 2008 – 2009
Projected Population (In 1034529 18392 MT
Adult.)
Rice Requirement (In MT)
161386
768640 MT 168392
MT
Total additional requirement of rice 168392 MT
ANNEXURE III
YEARWISE REQUIREMENT OF FUND FOR PROCUREMENT OF RICE
Sl.
Year-wise
No. Break-up & Items
1 2
1 2004 – 2005
Rice Requirement (In MT)
Fund Requirement (Rs in Crore)
2 2005 – 2006
Rice Requirement (In MT)
Fund Requirement (Rs in Crore)
3 2006– 2007
Rice Requirement (In MT)
Fund Requirement (Rs in Crore)
4 2007 – 2008
Rice Requirement (In MT)
Fund Requirement (Rs in Crore)
5 2008 – 2009
Rice Requirement (In MT)
Fund Requirement (Rs in Crore)
Requirement
of Fund
146024 MT
121.19
149813 MT
124.34
153710 MT
127.58
157707 MT
130.90
161386 MT
133.96
Total Rs. 637.97
Crore
Additional
Requirement
25000 MT
20.75 Crore
40000 MT
33.20 Crore
45000 MT
37.35 Crore
40000 MT
33.20 Crore
18392 MT
15.26 Crore
Rs. 139.76
Crore
Remarks

7
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ANNEXURE IV
REQUIREMENT OF FUND FOR TRANSPORTATION COST OF FOODSTUFF
(Calculated on the basis of the existing carriage rate)
Year
Total requirement
for transportation
Additional
requirement
2004-05 20.13 Crore 4.89 Crore
2005-06 20.56 Crore 11.80 Crore
2006-07 20.95 Crore 6.93 Crore
2007-08 21.38 Crore 2.08 Crore
2008-2009 22.16 Crore 11.00 Crore
TOTAL 105.18 Crore 36.70 Crore
Total additional requirement Rs. 36.70 Crore
Remarks

8
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ANNEXURE V
LIST OF OLD GODOWNS PROPOSED FOR RECONSTRUCTION UNDER BAFFACOS
Sl.
No.
Name of Scheme with
Items of works with
location
Unit/
Quantity
Size
(In feet) Capacity
Unit
Costs
(Rs. lakh)
Total
Amount
(Rs. lakh)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Reconstruction of 11 nos.
Godowns within DCSCO ‘E’
at Darlawn, N.Vervek, Ratu,
Sakawrdai, Phuaibuang,
Vanbawng, Suangpuilawn,
Khawlian, Chhingchhip,
Phullen, Zohmun
11 50×20 200MT 2.00 22
2 Reconstruction of 10 nos.
Godowns within DCSCO
‘W’. Hmunpui, Darlung,
Marapara, Saipum, Saiphai,
Reiek Khawrihnim,
Kawrthah, Pukzing, Rengdil.
10 50×20 200MT 2.00 20
3 Reconstruction of 5 nos.
Godowns within DCSCO
‘Lawngtlai’. Damdep,
Vaseitlang, Diltlang,
Tuithumhnar, Parva.
5 50×20 200MT 2.00 10
4 Reconstruction of 15 nos.
Godowns within DCSCO
‘Saiha’. Chakhang, Siata,
Chhuarlung, Lungpher,
Vawmbuk, Maubawk,
Tuisih, Tongkolong, Phura,
Laki, Vahai, Zawngling,
Tuipang, Lungtian, Saiha.
15 50×20 200MT 2.00 30
5 Reconstruction of 8 nos.
Godowns within DCSCO
‘Champhai’. Rabung, Khawlian,
Bungzung, Lungpho, Ngopa,
Vaphai, Khuangleng, N.E.
Khawdungsei.
8 50×20 200MT 2.00 16
6 Construction of 5 nos.
Godown within DCSCO
‘LUNGLEI’- At Lunglei,
Lungsen, Bunghmun,
Buarpui, Chhiphir
5 50×20 200MT 2.00 10
Total 54 nos. Grand Total Amount 108.00

9
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ANNEXURE VI
LIST OF GODOWNS REQUIRED FOR REPAIR UNDER BAFFACOS
Sl.
No.
Name of Scheme with
Items of Workers
Location District Unit
Amount
(Rs. lakhs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Repair of FCS Godown roof,
wall and floor.
Serchhip DCSO E 1 no. 1.00
2. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Saitual DCSO E 2 2.00
Wall and floor.
nos.
3. Repair of FCS Godown roof, N.Vanlaiphai DCSO E 2 2.00
Wall & floor & approach road
nos.
4. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Thenzawl DCSO E 2 2.00
wall and floor. 2 nos.
nos.
5. Repair of FCS Godown roof,
Wall and floor.
Khawlailung DCSO E 1 no. 1.00
6. Repair of FCS Godown roof,
Wall and floor.
Khawruhlian DCSO E 1 no. 1.00
7. Repair of FCS Godown roof,
Wall and floor.
E. Lungdai DCSO E 1 no. 1.00
8. Repair of FCS Godown roof,
Wall and floor.
W. Phaileng DCSO ‘W’ 1 no. 1.00
9. Repair of FCS Godown roof,
Wall and floor.
Kawrthah DCSO ‘W’ 1 no. 1.00
10. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Vairengte DCSO ‘W’ 2 2.00
Wall and floor.2 nos.
nos.
11. Repair of R/Wall (30 mts) Vairengte DCSO ‘W’ 1 no. 1.00
12. Repair of approach road at FCS
Godown.
Tuidam DCSO ‘W’ 1 no. 1.00
13 Repair of FCS Godown roof, Niawhtlang DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Saiha
14. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Bualpui NG DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Saiha
15. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Chapui DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Saiha
16. Repair of FCS Godown roof, S.Vanlaiphai DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Lunglei
17. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Tarpho DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Lunglei
18. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Borapansuri DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Lunglei
19. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Putlungasih DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Lunglei
20. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Cherhlun DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Lunglei
21 Repair of FCS Godown roof, Lawngtlai DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall, floor with loading shed.
Lawngtlai
22. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Vathuampui DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Lawngtlai
23. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Farkawn DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Champhai
24. Repair of FCS Godown roof, Khawbung DCSO 1 no. 1.00
Wall and floor.
Champhai
Total 28 nos. Rs. 0.28 Crore

INTRODUCTION:
10
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER – 1
Bamboo is an important resource in Indian economy in term of creation of job
opportunities while addressing the issue of poverty alleviation, shelter, nutritional security
and environmental sustainability. Flowering of bamboo is always followed by famine as
experienced in Mizoram during 1862, 1911, 1959 and, again expected during 2005-2008, due
to the expected gregarious flowering of Melocanna baccifera, which occurs at a regular
intervals. However, for various reasons, a National Level Action Plan for Bamboo Flowering
and Famine Combat Scheme (BAFFACOS) has not been developed so far.
A famine visits Mizoram at regular intervals during the flowering of Melocanna
baccifera and Bambusa tulda. The occurrence of the past famines is due to the outbreak of
rats, which devour the fruits/seeds of the flowering bamboos and after finishing the
fruits/seeds of the bamboos, they continue to attack the rice crops, thereby causing a famine
in the state.
Thus, the Government of Mizoram has initiated the formulation of a comprehensive
programme of assistance for the farmers to combat bamboo flowering and famine, with an
aim to reduce poverty among farmers during famine period. It is expected that large-scale
bamboo flowering will take place around 2005 – 2008.
This programme would be achieved through adoption of intensified and diversified
cropping system through mechanisation in agriculture, post harvest technology, connectivity
for market linkage, water harvesting ponds and Rodent Control Programmes.
The proposals presented in this document are based on prior proposals prepared by
the Government of Mizoram, but have been modified on the basis of further discussions on
technical, social, cost, scope and other considerations. Lack of detailed data and information
on certain aspects and time constrains have limited the degree of details incorporated in the
proposals. The document has therefore been prepared as a draft concept programmed
proposal that is to be evaluated.
The linkage with the other schemes under various Departments, like Forest &
Environment, Industries, Food & Civil Supplies, Health Services, Rural Development, etc.
are <strong>plan</strong>ned for smooth implementation of the scheme.
An amount of Rs 8000.00 lakhs is necessary for implementation of the scheme,
covering 5 (five) years period, i.e. 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006 - 2007, 2007 - 2008 and
2008 - 2009 and all work components envisaged in the scheme will be implemented in the
identified villages. During the financial year, (2004-2005) Rs 1189.125 lakhs is required as
grant-in-aid for implementation of Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme
(BAFFACOS), under the Department of Agriculture, Mizoram.

SCHEME :
11
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
CHAPTER – II
The ultimate objective of the scheme is to combat with bamboo flowering and famine
including control of rodent population through proper means. The scheme will minimise
poverty among farmers during the upcoming famine period.
The scheme, if implemented will be achieved through adoption of intensified and
diversified cropping system through mechanisation, Post harvest technology, connectivity of
market linkage, water harvesting ponds, etc. The farmers will be assisted to adopt a more
profitable, sustainable and permanent system of farming.
It is proposed that there would be eight (8) sub-programmes as indicated below: -
I. Promotion of Rodent Control Measures.
II. Promotion of Crop diversification for Bamboo shoot production.
III. Promotion of early maturing rice and maize.
IV. Promotion of alternative crops like ginger, cotton, potato, Jatropha, sugarcane,
sweet potato and oilseeds/pulses.
V. Promotion of Agriculture Mechanisation with post harvesting linkage.
VI. Promotion of rain water harvesting ponds.
VII. Promotion of connectivity for market linkage.
VIII. Promotion of Bamboo Vinegar and Bamboo Charcoal.
Component – I
In order to avoid the Rodent menace in context with the Bamboo flowering, the <strong>action</strong>
<strong>plan</strong> for containing the Rodent Control in the initial stages will be as follows: -
A. RODENT SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL
1. Survey of Sporadic Flowering Areas :
The survey will be conducted in Block-wise, ten times during 5 years
by the officers of the Department of Agriculture, associating the officials of the
concern Department, like Forest and Environment Deptt. etc. At this level,
involving the NGOs may not be appropriate, since the purpose is only to locate
the bamboo flowering pockets and one block survey may be completed in 20
days time by the Departmental Officials.
The financial support for the surveys may be extended to an amount of
Rs.3,000/- per day which will cover hiring of vehicle and engagement of
labours, and the TA/DA of the officials involved in the survey may be paid as
per admissibility under the State Government Norms for the number of days
they are involved in the survey.

12
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
2. Surveillance of Rodent Population/Incidence in the Jhum/WRC Fields:
Once the pockets of bamboo flowering areas in the different Blocks are
identified, a surveillance team of Technically trained officers may be
constituted to survey ten times in 5 (five) years. These schedules may be
changed on the factual situation of the crop seasons. Each such visit should
have a duration of ten days. Survey routes should be fixed based on identified
bamboo flowering areas. This surveillance is long lasting and as such, nontechnical
persons may not be included in these teams.
The financial support for these surveillance visits would be Rs. 3,000/-
per day towards POL and labour charges etc. And as above, the TA/DA of the
officials involved in the survey may be paid, as per admissibility under State
Govt. norms for the number of days they are involved in the survey.
Different survey teams at the Sub-Divisional Level and State Level
will conduct the survey. The State Level Survey Team will function as a
Monitoring Survey Team.
3. Awareness Campaign :
Human Resource Development should be <strong>plan</strong>ned through Trainers
Training to generate Master Trainers at State Level. These Master Trainers
should impart training to extension functionaries at Sub-Divisional Level to
carry out the various identified activities for mobilising the community for
required Rodent Pest Management efforts. Training of Trainers on Rodent Pest
Management for 3 days may be organised at State Level in the Directorate of
Agriculture.
Awareness Campaign should be <strong>plan</strong>ned through training of farmers
on the effect of bamboo flowering and proper practices for Rodent Pest
Management. Publicity materials in local languages will be distributed amongst
the farmers, preferably during training sessions.
Production and supply of literature on Rodent Pest Management
through Leaflets for their distribution to the farming communities would be
necessary.
Video production on appropriate Rodent Pest Management strategies
would be of great help in various training programme at different levels.
Awareness campaigns through Radio Talks and Audio-Visual Programme
through Doordarshan and Local Cable Networks may be conducted for the
public.
Sufficient officials from the Department of Agriculture had been
trained in the surveillance and Rodent Control Techniques. These Master
trainers will conduct Training Programmes for the Farmers, including for farm
women at the village and Block Level on Rodent Management.
4. Pest Control Management :
a) The local traps are highly effective to kill the migrating rodents from the
forest to the jhum fields, and hence, efforts for popularizing them will be
included in the scheme by including provision for extending suitable
financial assistance for preparing such traps 25 bamboo traps per hectare

13
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
of jhum areas are approximately required for tackling the rodents from the
forest areas.
b) Safer anticoagulants will be used for Rodent Pest Management in place of
acute rodenticides. Bromodiolone (Ready Bait & Concentrated) will be
used at the rate of 600 grams per ha., 10 grams per ha. should be used
respectively, for jhum and WRC areas. The rodenticides will be laid in
bamboo bait stations, and placed on the periphery of the jhum fields. This
will tackle the immigrating rodent pests.
c) Coumatetralyl (25 g. per homestead) is proposed for used in homesteads/
jhum huts in the bamboo flowering areas.
Component -II
Efforts will be made to promote crop diversification for Bamboo shoot production to
eliminate micro-nutrient deficiency which is widespread among the women and children in
Mizoram. It is proposed to diversify and cultivate Bamboo covering 2,000 Ha. during the
project period.
To promote organised production and processing of Bamboo Shoots and its
consumption as a part of the national efforts to eliminate micro-nutrient deficiency which is
widespread among the women and children. Popularisation of Bamboo Shoots could also
improve the nutritional status of Tribal in Mizoram. This will be in conformity with the Tenth
Plan Strategy to make a paradigm shift from overall self-sufficiency in food grains to meet
human needs for energy and nutrition.
Component – III
Early maturing varieties of Rice will be introduced in jhum cultivation areas. It will
be convenient to promote early maturing varieties of Rice with Jathropha for early harvest of
crops before the appearance of rodents. It is proposed to cover 10,000 Ha. during the project
period.
Component - IV
Alternative crops like Ginger, Cotton, Potato, Sugarcane, Sweet Potato, Maize and
oilseeds/pulses will be promoted by introducing improved varieties through adoption of
improved cultivation practices and farm diversification. It is proposed to introduce 1,000 Ha.
for Ginger in terraces, 2,000 Ha. for Cotton in shifting cultivation, 2,000 Ha. for winter
potato in WRC areas, 1,000 Ha. for sugarcane sweet Potato, 20,000 Ha. for Maize and 2,500
Ha. for Oilseeds/Pulses during the entire project period.
Component – V
The farming system will be mechanised as far as possible for crop production by
using tractors with its attachments, <strong>plan</strong>ters, power tillers, oil expellers, seed dryers, etc. It is
proposed to purchase 20 Nos. of Tractors, 75 Nos. of Power Tillers, 100 Nos. of Maize
Sheller, 10 Nos. of Seed Dryers, 52 Nos. of Oil Expellers, 175 Nos. of Post Harvesting
Machineries.
Component – VI
Rain Water Harvesting is necessary to irrigate crops in the fields for which Rain
Water Harvesting Ponds are proposed to construct every year with a total of 1,000 Nos.
during the entire period of the project.

14
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Component – VII
It is proposed to construct connectivity for market linkage of 300 Kms. during the
entire project period.
Component – VIII
It is proposed to train the villagers in the technologies of Bamboo charcoal and
Bamboo Vinegar. The Bamboo charcoal is of a very high quality, surpassing the common
wood charcoal. The farmers will be train in the technique and through which the farmers will
generate income from the urban people. At the same time, bamboo vinegar, the by-product, is
a good soil improvement material as a carrier of organic manure and micro-organisms in the
soil, as well as insect repellant, etc. The Department will procure 30,020 ltrs. of bamboo
vinegar from the Villagers, which will be utilised in the Agricultural activities.
BREAK UP OF FUND REQUIREMENT FOR RODENT MANAGEMENT.
A Survey of Bamboo Flowering Area (1 Survey)
i) Financial support towards the cost of survey per day Rs 3,000/-
(hiring vehicles, labors, etc)
ii) No. of R.D. Blocks to be surveyed 22 Blocks
iii) No. of days to complete the survey 20 days
(20 X 22 = 440 days = 440X3,000) Rs 13,20,000/-
iv) Requirement of funds for T.A./D.A. for 4 officials
@ Rs 120/- per day/person.(4X120 =Rs 480 = 440X480) Rs 2,11,200/-
TOTAL Rs 15,31,200/-
B Survey of Rodent Population
1. Sub-Divisional Level (1 Survey)
i) Financial support towards the cost of survey per day Rs 3,000/-
(hiring vehicles, labors, etc)
ii) No. of Sub-Division to be surveyed 24
iii) No. of days to complete the survey 10 days
(10X24 = 240 days = 240 X 3,000) Rs 7,20,000/-
iv) Requirement of funds for T.A./D.A. for 4 officials
@ Rs 120/- per day/person.(4X120 = Rs 480 = 240X480) Rs 1,15,200/-
TOTAL Rs 8,35,200/-
2. Monitoring Survey by State Level Team (1 Survey)
i) Financial support towards the cost of survey per day Rs 3,000/-
(hiring vehicles, labors, etc)
ii) No. of Sub-Division to be surveyed 24
iii) No. of days to complete the survey 3 days
(3X24 = 72 days = 72X3,000) Rs 2,16,000/-
iv) Requirement of funds for T.A./D.A. for 4 officials
@ Rs 120/- per day/person. (4X120 = Rs 480 = 72X480) Rs 34,560/-
TOTAL Rs 2,50,560/-

15
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
C. Cost of Awareness Campaign on Rodent Management
1. Training of Trainers
i) No. of participating per training 30 trainees
ii) Duration of training 3 days
iii) Boarding and lodging @ Rs 150/- per head per day Rs 13,500/-
iv) Miscellaneous expenditures (Stationery, hiring Rs 5,000/-
charge of vehicles for field visits, etc.)
v) Honorarium for 4-resource persons Rs 12,000/-
@ Rs 1,000/- per person for 3 days.
TOTAL Rs. 30,500/-
2. Training of VLW’s/AEO’s
i) No. of participating per training 50 trainees
ii) Duration of training 3 days
iii) Boarding and lodging @ Rs 150/- per head per day Rs 22,500/-
iv) Miscellaneous expenditures (Stationery, hiring Rs 5,000/-
charge of vehicles for field visits, etc.)
v) Honorarium for 4-resource persons Rs 12,000/-
@ Rs 1,000/- per person for 3 days.
TOTAL Rs 39,500/-
3. Training of Farmers
i) No. of participating per training 100 trainees
ii) Duration of training 3 days
iii) Boarding and lodging @ Rs 150/- per head per day Rs 45,000/-
iv) Miscellaneous expenditures (Stationery, hiring Rs 5,000/-
charge of vehicles for field visits, etc.)
v) Honorarium for 4-resource persons Rs 12,000/-
@ Rs 1,000/- per person for 3 days.
TOTAL Rs 62,000/-
D. Media and Publicity
1. Supply of literature on Rodent Management
i) No. of booklets/ pamphlets, etc 1,50,000 nos
ii) Rate per booklets/pamphlets Rs 10/-
TOTAL Rs 15,00,000/-
2. Audio Visual on Rodent Pest Management
i) Video film on achievements and strategies (per film) Rs. 30,000/-
10 nos for 5 years. Rs 3,00,000/-
ii) Video film on Rodent Training Manual
@ Rs 30,000/- Rs 30,000/-
E. Rodent Pest Management
1. Purchase of Traps
i) Requirement of traps per hectare 25 nos
ii) Rate per trap Rs 20/-
iii) Requirement of traps for 5 years 5,00,000 nos.

16
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
TOTAL Rs 1,00,00,000/-
2. Rodenticides
Bromodiolone (Ready Bait) @ Rs. 16.00 per 100gms
i) Recommended dose per hectare 600gms. per ha
ii) Fund requirement for one hectare Rs 96/-
iii) Total no. of hectare to be covered 2,40,000 ha
TOTAL Rs 2,30,40,000/-
Bromodiolone (Concentrated Powder) @ Rs. 16.00 per 100gms
i) Recommended dose per hectare 10gms. per ha
ii) Fund requirement for one hectare Rs 1.60/-
iii) Total no. of hectare to be covered 1,40,000 ha.
TOTAL Rs 2,24,000/-
Coumatetralyl @ Rs 30.00 per 100gms
i) Recommended dose per homestead/jhum huts 25gms
ii) Fund requirement for one homestead/jhum hut Rs 4.00/-
iii) Total no of homestead/jhum hut to be covered 1,40,000 nos.
TOTAL Rs 5,60,000/-
F. Construction of Footpath for Survey works
i) Total Kilometer to be covered 100 Kms.
ii) Fund requirement for 1 km. Rs 15,000/-
TOTAL Rs 15,00,000/-
PROMOTION OF BAMBOO CHARCOAL AND BAMBOO VINEGAR.
1. Training of Trainers (per training)
i) No. of participating 50 trainees
ii) Duration of training 3 days
iii) Boarding and lodging @ Rs 150/- per head per day Rs 13,500/-
iv) Miscellaneous expenditures (construction of kilns, Rs 6,000/-
material collection, stationery, etc.)
v) Supply of literatures @ Rs 10/- per book Rs 500/-
vi) Honorarium for 4-resource persons Rs 12,000/-
@ Rs 1,000/- per person for 3 days.
TOTAL Rs. 41,200/-
2. Training of Farmers (per training)
i) No. of participating per training 200 trainees
ii) Duration of training 3 days
iii) Boarding and lodging @ Rs 150/- per head per day Rs 90,000/-
iv) Miscellaneous expenditures (construction of kilns, Rs 6,000/-
material collection, stationery, etc.)
v) Supply of literatures @ Rs 10/- per book Rs 2,000/-
vi) Honorarium for 4-resource persons Rs 12,000/-
@ Rs 1,000/- per person for 3 days.
TOTAL Rs 1,10,000/-

Sl.
No.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
Parameters
Promotion of Rodent
Control means
Survey of Bamboo Flowering
Area
17
Annexure - I
BAMBOO FLOWERING ANDFAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME ( BAFFACOS) UNDER AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
Physica
l Unit
No. of
Survey
(Physical Target and Financial Outlay) (Rs. in lakh)
Year Total
1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Phy. Fin.
Phy.
15.31
Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.
1
2 30.62 3 45.94 3 45.94 1 15.31 10 153.12
Survey of Rodent surveillance
(a) Sub-Div. Level
-do- 3
25.060
4 33.40 5 41.755 5 41.755 3 25.060 20 167.03
(b) State Level -do- 1 2.50 2 5.00 3 7.53 3 7.53 1 2.50 10 25.06
Awareness Campaign
(a) Training of Trainers
No. of
Trainings 1
0.305
2 0.61 3 0.92 3 0.92 1 0.305 10 3.06
(b) Training of VLW’s -do- 1 0.39 2 0.80 3 1.185 3 1.185 1 0.39 10 3.95
(c) Training of Farmers -do- 15 9.30 20 12.40 25 15.50 25 15.50 15 9.30 100 62.00
Media & Publicity
(a) Supply of Literature
No. 22,500
2.25
30,000 3.00 37,500 3.75 37,500 3.75 22,500 2.25 1,50,000 15.00
(b) Video Film Production
(1) Strategies & Achievement
No. 1
0.30
2 0.60 3 0.90 3 0.90 1 0.30 10 3.00
(2) Training Manual No. 1 0.30 - - - - - - - - 1 0.30
Rodent Pest Management
(a) Purchase of Traps
No. 75,000
15.00
1,00,000 20.00 1,25,000 25.00 1,25,000 25.00 75,000 15.00 5,00,000 100.00
(b) Bromodiolone (RB) Ha. 36,000 34.56 48,000 46.08 60,000 57.60 60,000 57.60 36,000 34.56 2,40,000 230.40
(c) Bromodiolone (C) Ha. 21,000 0.34 28,000 0.44 35,000 0.56 35,000 0.56 21,000 0.34 1,40,000 2.24
(d) Coumatetralyl No. of
Homestead 21,000 0.84 28,000 1.12 35,000 1.40 35,000 1.40 21,000 0.84 1,40,000 5.60
Construction of footpath for
survey works
Km. 15
2.25
20 3.00 25 3.75 25 3.75 15 2.25 100 15.00
SUB-TOTAL 108.705 157.07 205.79 205.79 108.405 785.76

Sl.
No.
18
Annexure - I
BAMBOO FLOWERING ANDFAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME ( BAFFACOS) UNDER AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
(PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL OUTLAY)
Item Unit Physical
Target
1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year TOTAL
Financial
Outlay
(Rupees
in lakh)
Physical
Target
Financial
Outlay
(Rupees in
lakh)
Physical
Target
Financial
Outlay
Physi-cal
(Rupees in
lakh)
Target
Financial
Outlay
(Rupees in
lakh)
Physi-cal
Target
Financial
Outlay
(Rupees in
lakh)
Physical
Target
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B. Crop diversification for
Bamboo shoot production
@ Rs. 10,000/- per hect.
C. Cultivation of Ginger in
terraces areas @ Rs.
15,000/- per hect.
D. Cultivation of Cotton in
Shifting Cultivation areas
@ Rs. 5,000/- per hect.
E. Cultivation of winter
Potato in WRC areas @
Rs. 15,000/- per hect.
F. Cultivation of early
varieties of Rice with
Jatropha in Jhum areas
@ Rs. 5,000/- per hect.
Financial
Outlay
(Rupees
in lakh)
Ha 300 30.00 400 40.00 500 50.00 500.00 50.00 300 30.00 2,000 200.00
Ha 150 22.50 200 30.00 250 37.50 250 37.50 150 22.50 1,000 150.00
Ha 300 15.00 400 20.00 500 25.00 500 25.00 300 15.00 2,000 100.00
Ha 300 45.00 400 60.00 500 75.00 500 75.00 300 45.00 2,000 300.00
Ha 1,500 75.00 2,000 100.00 2,500 125.00 2,500 125.00 1,500 75.00 10,000 500.00
G. Sugarcane & Sweet Potato
development in watershed
areas for reclamation of
wasteland.
Nos 150 15.00 200 20 250 25.00 250 25.00 150 15.00 1,000 100.00
TOTAL 202.50 270.00 337.50 337.50 202.50 1,350.00

19
BAMBOO FLOWERING ANDFAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
H. Extensive Maize
cultivation programme @
Rs. 20,000/- in the form of
Zingg terraces construction
Ha 3,000 600.00 4,000 800.00 5000 1000.00 5,000 1,000 3,000 600.00 20,000 4,000.00
and supply of inputs
I. (a) Training of farmers in
Bamboo vinegar &
charcoal technology.
(b) Training of Trainers
J. Purchase of Bamboo
Vinegar @ Rs. 90/- ltr.
K. Mechanization for Crop
production:
(a) Purchase of Tractor and
attachment for potato
cultivation like Rotavator,
Potato Planter and potato
digger.@ Rs.5,00,000/-per no.
(b) Power Tiller with
attachment like Rotavator
@.Rs. 1,20,000 per no.
(c) Purchase of Maize
Sheller Engine operated.
@. Rs. 15,000/- per no.
(d) Purchase of Seed
dryer. @. Rs. 2.00 lakh per
no.
No. of
training 15 16.50 20 22.00 25 27.50 25 27.50 15 16.50 100 110.00
No. of
training 1 0.32 2 0.66 3 0.97 3 0.97 1 0.32 10 3.24
Litre 4503 4.05 6004 5.40 7505 6.75 7505 6.75 4503 4.05 30,020 27.00
Nos
Annexure - I
3 15.00 4 20.00 5 25.00 5 25.00 3 15.00 20 100.00
Nos 11 13.20 15 18.00 19 22.80 19 22.80 11 13.20 75 90.00
Nos 15 2.25 20 3 25.00 3.75 25 3.75 15 2.25 100 15.00
Nos 1 2.00 2 4.00 3 6.00 3 6.00 1 2 10 20.00
(e) Purchase of Oil
Expeller. @, 1.50 lakh per
no.
Nos 8 12.00 10 15.00 13 19.50 13 19.50 8 12.00 52 78.00
TOTAL 665.32 888.06 1112.27 1112.27 665.32 4,443.24

20
BAMBOO FLOWERING ANDFAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
1 2
(f) Setting of Post
Harvest machineries :
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
(1) Self propelled
Reaper @ Rs. 60,000/per
no.
Ha 7 4.20 10 6.00 13 7.80 13 7.80 7 4.20 50 30.00
(2) Paddy threshers
@ Rs. 40,000/- per No.
Nos. 4 1.60 5 2.00 6 2.40 6 2.40 4 1.60 25 10.00
(3) Dalmill @ Rs.
30,000/- per no.
Nos. 7 2.10 10 3.00 13 3.90 13 3.90 7 2.10 50 15.00
(4) Flour Mill @ Rs.
Nos. 7 2.80 10 4.00 13 5.20 13 5.20 7 2.80 50 20.00
40,000/- per no.
L. Cultivation of Oil
Seed/Pulse @ Rs.
10,000/- per hect.
M. Connectivity for Market
linkage. @ Rs.
3,00,000/- per km.
N. Installation of Sprinkler
sets for Oilseeds, pulses
& Potato @ Rs.24,000/-
per no.
O. Construction of Rain
Water Harvesting Pond
@ Rs. 10,000/- per no.
Ha.
Annexure - I
375 37.50 500 50.00 625 62.50 625 62.50 375 37.50 2,500 250.00
Km 45 135.00 60 180.00 75 225.00 75 225.00 45 135.00 300 900.00
Nos 60 14.40 80 19.20 100 24.00 100 24.00 60 14.40 400 96.00
Nos 150 15.00 200 20.00 250 25.00 250 25.00 150 15.00 1,000 100.00
SUB- TOTAL 212.60 284.20 355.80 355.80 212.60 1421.00
GRAND TOTAL 1189.125 1599.33 2011.36 2011.36 1188.825 8000.00

21
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
INDUSTRIES
SUMMARY
1. Introduction and background:
The State of Mizoram in particular and the North Eastern States in general is
backward in industry and industrial related activities. The overall backwardness is
largely due to low entrepreneurship development, lack or inadequate industrial
infrastructure and low investment capacity. Various problems arising in the State are:
- Low GDP
- Limited State’s own resources.
- Alarming unemployment problem
- Large scale migration of rural population to urban area.
- Lack of mineral resources.
- Low trading activities.
- Fall in agriculture produce due to low yield.
- Minimal people using veterinary activities for income sources.
Thus, setting up of industries, most preferably agro-based and rich raw
material based need be explored in great earnest. Bamboo, being abundantly available
in Mizoram with various prospects of utilisation possesses immense potential for the
economic growth of the State.
2. Objectives:
- Mitigation of negative effect flowering of huge bamboo resources.
- Maximisation of bamboo resources utilisation before and during flowering.
- Increase in purchasing powers of the people.
- Sustained income generation of the people using bamboo.
3. Skill upgradation, man-power development and institutional strengthening:
- Skill upgradation and manpower development will be taken up in two-folds viz. for
the entrepreneurs and for the officials.
- This will be taken up through EDP, seminar / training within the State, outside the
State and on selective basis outside the Country.
- These activities will be carried out from existing programs of the Department as well
as funding from NEC, Central Government Agencies and other relevant organisations.
- Institutional strengthening of the Bamboo Development Agency and the Industries
Department shall be included in this.
- This will be done by basic need funding of the Bamboo Development Agency and
engagement of professionals of related fields like technology, management, business,
trade activities, administration etc. in the Bamboo Development Agency and
Industries Department by means of deploying existing State Government employees
and on-contract on need based.
The Estimated Fund Requirement is Rs 129.50 lakhs.

22
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
4. Value-addition / processing activities:
Bamboo can be processed into various end products right from the bamboo shoot to
the bamboo culms. China is now the leading Country in this regard. Of the various
items of value additions to raw bamboo, the followings are considered technically and
economically viable for the State of Mizoram.
a) Small Scale and Medium Scale bamboo based Industries:
i) Bamboo floor-boards manufacturing industry.
ii) Bamboo mat/construction/strip boards manufacturing industry.
iii) Bamboo chip boards manufacturing industry.
iv) Bamboo curtain mats manufacturing industry.
v) Bamboo charcoal and vinegar manufacturing industry.
vi) Bamboo chipping <strong>plan</strong>t.
Approach:
For these kinds of industries, investments required is normally more than Rs.130.00
lakhs and can be as high as Rs 800.00 lakhs depending on the capacity and machinery
choice. As indigenous machineries are normally not available most of them have to be
imported from Taiwan/Japan/Korea/China/ European countries.
These small and medium scale industries shall be under private or joint venture
system of management. Investment from outside the State and even FDI will be
sought for as permitted by the State Industrial Policy 2000.
Major chunks of the investment are expected from private or outside/foreign
investment. However, with the fact that Mizoram being industrially backward, equity
participation or promotional incentives will be required up to certain percentage.
The Estimated fund requirement to be included in the Scheme is Rs 12.25 crores.
Tiny, cottage and rural bamboo based industries:
i) Agarbatti (incense) sticks industries.
ii) Slat making industries.
iii) Sliver making industries.
iv) Pebble mat industries.
v) Bamboo daily use items.
vi) Bamboo handicrafts.
vii) Bamboo shoots preservation.
viii) Curtain mat manufacturing industries (locally improvised)
The investment required in these types is estimated to be within a limit of Rs 100.00
lakhs. The industrial units will be set up by private entrepreneurs or by groups of
village industrial groups on community basis which will later grows manifolds.
The Estimated fund requirement to be included in the Scheme is Rs 6.75 crores

23
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
5. Bamboo Storage and Charcoal production:
Assistance for incentives for storage of bamboo before and during flowering will be
provided to 26500 families at a rate of Rs. 5,000/- and Local kiln charcoal production
to 100 families at a rate of Rs. 3.00 lakhs each.
The Estimated fund requirement to be included in the Scheme is Rs 15.80 crores.
6. Bamboo for building construction and infrastructure development:
Due to its advantageous properties, bamboo is a very good material for building
construction and other infrastructure applications like bridge construction, road
reinforcements, slope protection, gabions etc.
The Estimated fund requirement to be included in the Scheme is Rs 72.00 lakhs.
7. Development / upgradation of industrial infrastructures:
Whether bamboo based or not, development or upgradation of infrastructure is
necessary for growth of industries.
The Estimated fund requirement to be included in the Scheme is Rs 22.80 crores.
8. Marketing Arrangement / Market Development:
Participation in various trade expos, fairs, technical seminars, symposium, workshops,
etc. within and outside the Country and holding of such events.
The Estimated fund requirement to be included in the Scheme is Rs 38.50 lakhs.
9. Total Cost-Estimation:
(Rs. in lakhs)
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total
(2004-05) (2005-06) (2006-07) (2007-08) (2008-09)
i) Skill upgradation etc.
ii) Value addition/
processing —
14.80 31.50 31.80 29.20 22.20 129.50
a) SSI & MSI
125.00 575.00 425.00 100.00 0.00 1225.00
b) Tiny/cottage scale
iii) Bamboo Storage and
75.25 192.50 226.50 113.00 67.75 675.00
Charcoal
iv) Bamboo for building
210.00 490.00 520.00 360.00 0.00 1580.00
construction &
infrastructure
v) Development /
10.00 15.00 18.00 17.00 12.00 72.00
upgradation of
Industrial
Infrastructure
360.00 760.00 760.00 400.00 0.00 2280.00
vi) Market development 4.50 8.50 12.50 8.50 4.50 38.50
Total : 799.55 2072.50 1993.80 1027.70 106.45 6000.00

24
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
DETAILED ACTION PLAN
1. Introduction and background:
The State of Mizoram in particular and the North Eastern States in general is
backward in industry and industrial related activities. The overall backwardness is
largely due to low entrepreneurship development, lack or inadequate industrial
infrastructure and low investment capacity. Various problems arising in the State are:
- Low GDP
- Limited State’s own resources.
- Alarming unemployment problem
- Large-scale migration of rural population to urban area.
- Lack of mineral resources.
- Low trading activities.
- Fall in agriculture produce due to low yield.
- Minimal people using veterinary activities for income sources.
- Majority of agriculture activities still on jhum system of cultivation.
Thus, setting up of industries, most preferably agro-based and rich raw material based
need be explored in great earnest.
Bamboo, being abundantly available in Mizoram with various prospects of utilization
possesses immense potential for the economic growth of the State.
2. Objectives:
The objectives of this Action Plan are briefly discussed as below:
i) Mitigation of Bamboo flowering effect:
The previous flowering of Bamboo especially M.baciffera and D.hamiltonii
species in 1911-1912 and 1959-1960 had serious repercussion to the people.
Attributed to the bamboo flowering, dangerous population explosion of rodents, bats
insects etc. led to devastation of agriculture produce. The results were severe famine
leading to general chaos and social disorders. With the effect of bamboo flowering in
19911-12, many people faced acute food shortage leading to ill-health, malnutrition
and death causing migration of people to Myanmar (the then Burma), Bangladesh (the
then East Pakistan), Manipur, Assam and Tripura. The Bamboo flowering of 1959-60
resulted in creation of feeling of neglect and hatred to Assam State Government and
India Union leading to the fight for Independent Mizoram by Mizo National Famine
Front, which later went underground as Mizo National Front.
With the huge bamboo resources in the State estimated to be in the scale of
25.26 million tones, of which M.baciffera accounts for 95%, it is almost certain that
serious repercussion is going to happen. So, it is necessary to mitigate this adverse
effort.

25
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ii) Maximisation of Bamboo resource utilisation:
Bamboo has various utilisation and applications. The utilisation and
applications can be value-addiction by processing, raw applications, and infrastructure
use after treatment. So, this <strong>plan</strong> also aims to economically utilise the vast bamboo
resources before and during flowering.
iii) Increase in purchasing power:
In line with the objectives of all Five Year Plans of the Country, increase in
purchasing power of the people is one of the main objectives of this Plan. With the
setting up of processing industries, employment will be generated at various levels
and profits will accrue for the bamboo growers and entrepreneurs. Besides, utilisation
of bamboo for infrastructure application will substitute materials costly brought from
outside the State.
iv) Sustained income generation from Bamboo:
Bamboo <strong>plan</strong>tation of other species is being taken vigorously and the intensity
is projected to increase. Moreover, the bamboo will regenerate from the flowered
seeds and will resume its bamboo coverage. One of the objectives of this <strong>plan</strong> is to
establish means and facilities for generation of sustained income to the people.
3. Skill upgradation, man-power development and institutional strengthening:
- Skill upgradation and manpower development will be taken up in two-folds viz. for
the entrepreneurs and for the officials.
- This will be taken up through EDP, seminar / training within the State, outside the
State and on selective basis outside the Country.
- These activities will be carried out from existing programs of the Department as well
as funding from NEC, Central Government Agencies and other relevant organisations.
- Institutional strengthening of the Bamboo Development Agency and the Industries
Department shall be included in this.
- This will be done by basic need funding of the Bamboo Development Agency and
engagement of professionals of related fields like technology, management, business,
trade activities, administration etc. in the Bamboo Development Agency and
Industries Department by means of deploying existing State Government employees
and on-contract on need based.
On-going / past initiatives:
- 5 officers undergone 45 / 60 days bamboo training in China during 2000 – 2003 with
State / CBTC funding.
- 2 officers and 3 entrepreneurs undergone bamboo training / workshop of 7 –14 days
in China during 2000 and 2003 with INBAR / CBTC funding.
- 2 officers and 1 entrepreneur had study tour to Taiwan during 1999 with State
funding.

26
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
- International Bamboo Housing Workshop organised in collaboration with
International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) and Cane & Bamboo
Technology Centre – United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (CBTC-
UNIDO) at Aizawl during October – November 2001.
- Bamboo Development Agency established with State’s Chief Secretary at its
Chairman with State Plan funding. Few skeleton officer and staffs, drawing pay from
respective State Government Department is manning the Agency as well as Bamboo
Section of the Industries Department.
- The Bamboo Development Agency organised 2 days seminar for 80 persons from 40
villages on Bamboo utilisation and resource management.
- Proposal for imparting bamboo resources management to rural areas and experimental
captive <strong>plan</strong>tation amounting Rs 45.00 lakhs prepared and submitted to Ministry of
Environment & Forest for funding.
- Bamboo web-site launched by the Bamboo Development Agency.
Target and fund requirement:
Training within the State
Entrepreneurship Development Training:
It is projected that 50 numbers (i.e. 10 numbers per annum) of Entrepreneurship
Development Training will be organised in collaboration with SISI, NEDFi, SIDBI
etc. covering 1000 entrepreneurs. Required expenditure is estimated at Rs 10,000.00
per training with a total of Rs 5,00,000.00 for 5 years.
Sensitisation programme for officials:
It is essential to impart required knowledge to officials dealing with the program by way
of sensitisation or otherwise. It is projected to conduct 16 training covering 100 officials
of various courses in collaboration with various institutes totalling Rs 6.00 lakhs.
Training outside the State
Management training for entrepreneurs and officials:
It is necessary for entrepreneurs and officials to have refreshers courses in various
management programs at relevant institutions as such are not available within the
State. It is proposed that 20 entrepreneurs and 20 officials avail this opportunity at an
estimated expense of Rs 12.00 lakhs.
Participation in seminars and workshops:
Officials and entrepreneurs will have to attend relevant seminars and workshop
organised in this field. It is proposed that concerned persons will attend such events
for 20 times at an estimated expense of Rs 6.00 lakhs.

27
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Training abroad
Training on bamboo processing:
It is proposed that 14 entrepreneurs and 7 officials will attend training on bamboo
processing at China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Thailand and Vietnam with an estimated
expense of Rs.16.20 lakhs.
Training on bamboo structural applications:
Training on bamboo structural applications will be attended by 4 technical persons in
Latin America, United Kingdom, Italy etc. with an estimated expense of Rs.9.00
lakhs.
Participation in seminar and workshops:
8 participation in seminar and training outside the State for officials and entrepreneurs
is considered necessary so that they are at par with technology development around
the globe and any new trend prevailing at a time with an estimated expenditure of
Rs.3.20 lakhs.
Strengthening of the Bamboo Development Agency’s office:
Bamboo Development Agency, the first dedicated Government Society in the Nation
has been established in 2001. The Agency is now working with skeleton staffs and is
in great need of strengthening of technical and other workers and providing facilities
to the existing employees including consultancies, etc. The estimated expenditure is
Rs.72.10 lakhs.
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs lakhs)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
EDT 5 0.5 10 1.0 15 1.50 15 1.50 5 0.50 50 5.00
Sens. 2 0.6 5 1.50 6 1.80 5 1.50 2 0.6 20 6.00
Mngm 5 1.50 10 3.00 10 3.00 10 3.00 5 1.50 40 12.00
S&T(i) 3 0.90 4 1.20 5 1.50 4 1.20 4 1.20 20 6.00
T-BP 3 2.40 6 7.20 6 7.20 5 6.00 2 2.40 22 25.20
S & W 1 0.80 2 1.60 1 0.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 3.20
Ins. St. 1 8.10 1 16.00 1 16.00 1 16.00 1 16.00 5 72.10
Total 20 14.80 38 31.50 44 31.80 40 29.20 19 22.20 161 129.50
4. Value-addition / processing activities:
Bamboo can be processed into various end products right from the bamboo shoot to
the bamboo culms. China is now the leading Country in this regard. Of the various
items of value additions to raw bamboo, the followings are considered technically and
economically viable for the State of Mizoram.
a) Small Scale and Medium Scale bamboo based Industries:
i) Bamboo floorboards manufacturing industry.
ii) Bamboo mat/construction/strip boards manufacturing industry.
iii) Bamboo chip boards manufacturing industry.
iv) Bamboo curtain mats manufacturing industry.

28
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
v) Bamboo shoots canning industry.
vi) Bamboo charcoal and vinegar manufacturing industry.
vii) Bamboo chipping <strong>plan</strong>t.
Approach:
For these kinds of industries, investments required is normally more than Rs
130 lakhs and can be as high as Rs 800.00 lakhs depending on the capacity and
machinery choice. As indigenous machinery are normally not available most of them
have to be imported from Taiwan/Japan/Korea/China/ European countries.
These small and medium scale industries shall be under private or joint
venture system of management. Investment from outside the State and even FDI will
be sought for as permitted by the State Industrial Policy 2000.
A major chunk of the investment is expected from private or outside/foreign
investment. However, with the fact that Mizoram being industrially backward, equity
participation or promotional incentives will be required up to certain percentage.
On-going initiatives:
i) One unit of Bamboo Floor-board factory:
The State Government through the Bamboo Development Agency has
established in joint venture with M/s Venus Bamboo Products (P) Ltd., W.Bengal and
M/s Boarke Machine Co., Taichung, Taichung has established one bamboo floorboard
industry at Sairang, Aizawl District, Mizoram. The total expenditure incurred so far in
this project is Rs 980.00 lakhs. The unit, an Export Orient One is expected to start
commercial production within few months.
ii) Establishment of Bamboo Mat board factory:
A private entrepreneur viz. M/s Zonun Matply Industry has established one unit
of bamboo mat board industry at Lengpui, Mamit District, Mizoram. The total investment
is Rs 248.00 lakhs from own’s contribution, loan from financial institution and NEC
Assistance. The Industries Department and Bamboo Development Agency has assisted
the unit, which has started commercial production in administrative and technical area.
iii) Reopening of Bamboo Mat board factory:
A private entrepreneur viz. M/s BCA Bamboo Products has established a
bamboo mat board industry at Industrial Estate, Zuangtui, Aizawl Mizoram and had
commercial operation during 1993-95. However, the unit faced serious problem due
to absence of promotional package for bamboo-based industries and thus lying
defunct. The Industries Department and the Bamboo Development is assisting for
reopening of this unit and NEC’s assistance is being sought for this.
iv) Project proposal for Bamboo Construction-board Factory:
The Bamboo Development Agency has prepared DPR for setting up of
Bamboo Construction-board Industry at Sairang, Mizoram amounting Rs 560.00
lakhs. The DPR proposed to be under JV arrangement and management by private
partner is meant for funding under NLCPR (amounting Rs 490.00 lakhs) and is
sanction is expected within 2004-05 or latest by 2005-06 (Resume of the project
proposal enclosed at Annexure – I).

29
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Target and fund requirement:
China is reported to house 100 bamboo floorboard units, 300 bamboo
construction-board / mat board / strip board unit and numerous other bamboo based
industries. Based on the bamboo availability, locational advantage/disadvantages etc.
number of respective units expected to come up under projected condition is as under:
i) Bamboo floor-boards manufacturing industry - 1
ii) Bamboo mat etc. boards manufacturing industry - 7
iii) Bamboo chip boards manufacturing industry - 4
iv) Bamboo curtain mats manufacturing industry - 5
v) Bamboo charcoal / vinegar manufacturing industry - 4
vi) Bamboo chipping <strong>plan</strong>t - 7
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs crore)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Floorboard 0 0.00 1 4.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 4.50
Mats etc. 0 0.00 2 4.00 3 6.00 2 4.00 0 0.00 7 14.00
Chips 0 0.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 6.00
Char. 1 3.50 2 7.00 1 3.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 14.00
Chipping 1 1.50 3 4.50 3 4.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 10.50
Total 2 5.00 10 23.00 9 17.00 2 4.00 0 0.00 23 49.00
Benefits and returns:
Setting up of the above industries is expected to generate direct employment
for 1550 persons and profits to entrepreneurs to the tune of Rs 1760.00 lakhs per
annum with addition of income generation for bamboo growers etc.
Funding sources:
It is estimated that 10 % of the total cost will be borne by the entrepreneurs
(owners), 65 % on term loan from financial institutions and 25 % as incentives by
way of grant or assistance. Respective amount therefore is:
Owners’ Contribution - Rs 4.90 crores
Loan from FIs - Rs 31.85 crores
Assistance / Grant - Rs 12.25 crores.
The amount proposed to be included in this Action Plan is therefore Rs 12.25 crores.
Tiny, cottage and rural bamboo based industries:
i) Agarbatti (incense) sticks industries.
ii) Slat making industries.
iii) Sliver making industries.
iv) Pebble mat industries.
v) Bamboo daily use items.
vi) Bamboo handicrafts.
vii) Bamboo shoots preservation.
viii) Curtain mat manufacturing industries (locally improvised).
The investment required in these types is estimated to be within a limit of
Rs.100.00 lakhs. The industrial units will be set up by private entrepreneurs or by
groups of village industrial groups on community basis which will later grows
manifolds.

30
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
On-going initiatives:
i) Establishment of bamboo stick making industry:
Three units of Bamboo stick production have been set up at Industrial Estate,
Zuangtui, Aizawl and Zanlawn and 3 more units are being established, all P2 with the
assistance of NEC-SPINE and financial institution. Other units are also being
established as per list enclosed at Annexure- II.
ii) Project proposal for setting up of bamboo pebble mats industries:
Project proposal for establishment of 1 another unit and 9 rural units for Rural
Industrial Self Help Group amounting Rs. 391.00 lakhs proposed and submitted
Ministry of Rural Development for funding. Resume of the Project enclosed at
Annexure- III.
iii) Project proposal for setting up of 200 tiny units:
Proposal for setting up of tiny bamboo units prepared and submitted to
Government of India for funding, amounting Rs.2000.00 lakhs as per enclosed at
Annexure- IV.
iv) Bamboo Mat Production Cetres:
With the funding of ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation
the Bamboo Development Agency in collaboration with BMTPC and CBTC is taking
up establishment of 2 bamboo production centres at Bamboo Industries Complex,
Sairang and Industrial Estate, Kolasib.
Target and fund requirement:
The target for these items spacing 5 years period of the Scheme is as below:
i) Agarbati stick Industry - 70 units @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit.
ii) Slats making Industry - 70 units @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit.
iii) Sliver making - 30 units @ Rs 5 lakhs/unit.
iv) Pebble mats Industry - 50 units @ Rs 15 lakhs/unit.
v) Bamboo daily use items - 50 units @ Rs 3 lakhs/unit.
vi) Bamboo handicrafts - 30 units @ Rs 3 lakhs/unit.
vii) Bamboo shoot preservation - 40 units @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit.
viii) Bamboo curtain making - 40 units @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit.
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs crores)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Agarbatti 10 1.00 20 2.00 25 2.50 10 1.00 5 0.50 70 7.00
Slats 10 1.00 20 2.00 25 2.50 10 1.00 5 0.50 70 7.00
Sliver 3 0.15 7 0.35 11 0.55 5 0.25 4 0.20 30 1.50
P-mats 3 0.45 16 2.40 16 2.40 9 1.35 6 0.90 50 7.50
Daily ite. 5 0.15 12 0.36 15 0.45 12 0.36 6 0.18 50 1.50
Handi. 4 0.12 7 0.21 8 0.24 6 0.18 5 0.15 30 0.90
Shoot 4 0.08 9 0.18 11 0.22 9 0.18 7 0.14 40 0.80
Curtain 3 0.06 10 0.20 10 0.20 10 0.20 7 0.14 40 0.80
Total 42 3.01 101 7.7 121 9.06 71 4.52 45 2.71 380 27.00

31
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Expected funding sources are promoters’ contribution, term-loan from financial
institutes and incentives / promotional packages. Respective amount therefore is:
Owners’ Contribution (10 %) - Rs 2.70 crores
Loan from FIs (65 %) - Rs 17.55 crores
Assistance / Grant (25 %) - Rs 6.75 crores.
The amount expected to be covered in this Action Plan is Rs. 6.75 crores.
5. Bamboo Stocking and Waste Management:
Bamboo die when it however. So, it is desirable to collect and stock for future use
joint before and during flowering and the waste utilised as much as possible.
Bamboo Stocking:
The scheme is to provide assistance by way of incentive to villages of bamboo
growing areas to construct temporary bamboo storage using bamboo, collection of
bamboo just before or during flowering for use in the industry etc after flowering and
smoke treatment by burning bamboo. It is purposed to cover 25,600 families at a rate
of Rs. 5,000/- each to store 20 tonnes each in round or slat form, The total expenditure
is Rs. 12,80.00 lakhs.
Bamboo Charcoal:
Bamboo charcoal has many applications in filtration, purification, heating etc. The
scheme is to provide assistance of Rs. 3.00 lakhs for kiln production of bamboo
charcoal and vinegar to 100 families. All portions of bamboo not suitable for storage
and small bamboo will be utilised for this. The total expenditure will be Rs. 300.00
lakhs.
Target and fund requirement:
The target is to aim 24,000 families in stocking bamboo and to assist 100 families to
set up local kiln bamboo charcoal production units.
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs. crores)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Stock 3600 1.80 8000 4.00 8000 4.00 6600 3.00 0 0.00 25,600 12.80
-ing
Charcoal
10 0.30 30 0.90 40 1.20 20 0.60 0 0.00 10.00 3.00
Total 3610 2.10 8030 4.90 8040 5.20 6020 3.60 0 0.00 24,100 15.80
6. Bamboo for building construction and infrastructure applications:
Due to its advantageous properties, bamboo is a very good material for building
construction and other infrastructure applications like bridge construction, road
reinforcements, slope protection, gabions etc.

32
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
On-going initiatives:
i) Construction of demonstration house:
The Bamboo Development Agency is taking up a project of construction of
demonstration houses in collaboration with Building Materials and Technology
Promotion Council – New Delhi and Indian Plywood Industries Research and
Training Institute, Bangalore. The project is funded by Ministry of Urban
Development and Poverty Alleviation and is for demonstration of bamboo mat
corrugated sheets and bamboo construction technology.
ii) Development of conceptualised bamboo concrete technology:
A new technology for using bamboo and cement for building construction has
been and development by the Bamboo Development Agency. The prospect of
utilizing this technology is considered very bright.
Target and fund requirement:
The actual works execution for Bamboo houses, Bamboo bridges, Bamboo
gabions, Bamboo-slope protection, etc. will be taken up from respective fund.
However, the amount included in this project is for construction of demonstration
structures, testing, documentations and technology transfer to the field. The estimated
fund requirements is as under:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs lakhs)
No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund
Demons. 2 6.00 3 9.00 4 12.00 4 12.00 3 9.00 16 48.00
Testing 0 0.00 2 1.00 2 1.00 1 0.50 0 0.00 5 2.50
Docu. 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 6.50
T. trans. 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.00 2.00 15.00
Total 2 10.00 5 15.00 6 18.00 5 17.00 3 12.00 21 72.00
Benefits and returns:
Eco-friendly and fast growing bamboo, having advantageous properties will substitute
or decrease use of depleting forest timber, construction materials that comes from
outside sources.
7. Development / upgradation of industrial infrastructures:
Whether bamboo based or not, development or upgradation of infrastructure is
necessary for growth of industries. Some of this are being or will be taken up from
existing schemes like Growth Canters, Integrated Industrial Development Centre,
Export Promotion Industrial Park, ASIDE, Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation
Scheme etc and also from various sources like Bamboo Technology Park, Cluster
Development Schemes, NLCPR etc.
However, it is important to upgrade some existing industrial infrastructures and take
up few new locations for industrial infrastructure.

33
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
On-going initiatives:
i) Industrial Estates at various locations:
Industries Department has developed Industrial Estate at Zuangtui, Aizawl and
Industrial Estate at Kolasib is being developed. Other areas have been obtained for
Industrial Estate at Bairabi, Champhai, Lawngtlai, Chawngte and Phaileng.
ii) Bamboo Industries Complex, Sairang:
Bamboo Industries Complex has been set up at Sairang and some portion has
been developed and is now occupied by M/s Mizoram Venus Bamboo Products (P)
Ltd., a 100% EOU Industry.
iii) Industrial Growth Centre, Luangmual, Aizawl:
Industrial Growth Centre being developed at Luangmual, Aizawl. Internal
road and few essential building have been taken up but be will require more input of
funds for proper development.
iv) Integrated Industrial Development Centre, Pukpui, Lunglei:
Integrated Industrial Development Centre is being executed at Pukpui,
Lunglei, and is expected to be function within few years.
v) Export Promotion Industrial Park, Lengte:
Export Promotional Industrial Park is being developed at Lengte near Aizawl,
Airport under ASIDE. Approach road and internal road is being taken up.
Target and fund requirement:
The target for this field is development of Industrial Estate-Kolasib, Industrial Estate-
Bairabi, Industrial Estate-Chawngte, Industrial Estate – Bairabi, 3 more Industrial areas at
suitable location within the state. The fund requirement is given as below:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs crores)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
IE-dev. 1 3.60 1 3.60 1 3.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 10.80
New 0 0.00 1 4.00 1 4.00 1 4.00 0 0.00 3 12.00
Total 1 3.60 2 7.60 2 7.60 1 4.00 0 0.00 6 22.80
Benefits and returns:
Development of Industrial infrastructure is pre-requisite for development and growth
of industries and this will be benefited by the whole State and Country.
8. Marketing Arrangement / Market Development:
Participation in various trade expos, fairs, technical seminars, symposium, workshops
etc. within and outside the Country and holding of such events.

34
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
On-going initiatives:
i) Participation in North East Business Summit:
Bamboo, being one of the major subject of N.E Business Summit held at New
Delhi during January 2004, some samples of bamboo based products of the State were
show cased and received an attention and inquiries from numerous potential customers.
ii) Participation in N.E Trade Expo.:
Some samples of Bamboo products were displayed during N.E Trade Expo.
2004 held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi during March 2004 and were receive quite
an attention.
iii) One private entrepreneur viz. Zonunsang Handloom & Handicrafts
participated in Industrial Gifts Fair 2004 at New Delhi during Feb-March 2004 and
obtained export order.
iv) One private firm viz. Hnam Chhantu participated in Spring Fare at
Birmingham, UK during February 2004.
Target and fund requirement:
The target is to organise 5 events within the State, participate in 10 events within the
country and 4 events outside the countries. The estimated requirements of funds:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs lakhs)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Org. of
events
1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 5 2.50
Within 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 10 20.00
India
Outside
India
0 0.00 1 4.00 2 8.00 1 4.00 0 0.00 4 16.00
2 4.50 4 8.50 5 12.50 4 8.50 3 4.50 19 38.50
9. Detailed Cost Estimation:
i) Skill upgradation, man-power development and institutional strengthening
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs lakhs)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
EDT 5 0.5 10 1.0 15 1.50 15 1.50 5 0.50 50 5.00
Sens. 2 0.6 5 1.50 6 1.80 5 1.50 2 0.6 20 6.00
Mngm 5 1.50 10 3.00 10 3.00 10 3.00 5 1.50 40 12.00
S&T(i) 3 0.90 4 1.20 5 1.50 4 1.20 4 1.20 20 6.00
T-BP 3 2.40 6 7.20 6 7.20 5 6.00 2 2.40 22 25.20
S & W 1 0.80 2 1.60 1 0.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 3.20
Ins. St. 1 8.10 1 16.00 1 16.00 1 16.00 1 16.00 5 72.10
Total 20 14.80 38 31.50 44 31.80 40 29.20 19 22.20 161 129.50

35
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ii) Value-addition / processing activities:
a) Small Scale and Medium Scale bamboo based Industries
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs crore)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Floorboard 0 0.00 1 4.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 4.50
Mats etc. 0 0.00 2 4.00 3 6.00 2 4.00 0 0.00 7 14.00
Chips 0 0.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 6.00
Char. 1 3.50 2 7.00 1 3.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 14.00
Chipping 1 1.50 3 4.50 3 4.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 10.50
Total 2 5.00 10 23.00 9 17.00 2 4.00 0 0.00 23 49.00
Amount in
A.P (25%)
2 1.25 10 5.75 9 4.25 2 1.00 0 0.00 23 12.25
b) Tiny, cottage and rural bamboo based industries
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs Crores)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Agarbatti 10 1.00 20 2.00 25 2.50 10 1.00 5 0.50 70 7.00
Slats 10 1.00 20 2.00 25 2.50 10 1.00 5 0.50 70 7.00
Sliver 3 0.15 7 0.35 11 0.55 5 0.25 4 0.20 30 1.50
P-mats 3 0.45 16 2.40 16 2.40 9 1.35 6 0.90 50 7.50
Daily ite. 5 0.15 12 0.36 15 0.45 12 0.36 6 0.18 50 1.50
Handi. 4 0.12 7 0.21 8 0.24 6 0.18 5 0.15 30 0.90
Shoot 4 0.08 9 0.18 11 0.22 9 0.18 7 0.14 40 0.80
Curtain 3 0.06 10 0.20 10 0.20 10 0.20 7 0.14 40 0.80
Total 42 3.01 101 7.7 121 9.06 71 4.52 45 2.71 380 27.00
Amount in
A.P (25%)
42 0.75 101 1.93 121 2.27 71 1.13 45 0.68 380 6.75
iii) Bamboo Waste Management:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs. crores)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Stocking 3600 1.80 8000 4.00 8000 4.00 6600 3.00 0 0.00 25,600 12.80
Charcoal 10 0.30 30 0.90 40 1.20 20 0.60 0 0.00 10.00 3.00
Total 3610 2.10 8030 4.90 8040 5.20 6020 3.60 0 0.00 24,100 15.80

36
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
iv) Bamboo for building construction and infrastructure applications:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs Lakhs)
No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund No. Fund
Demons. 2 6.00 3 9.00 4 12.00 4 12.00 3 9.00 16 48.00
Testing 0 0.00 2 1.00 2 1.00 1 0.50 0 0.00 5 2.50
Docu. 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 6.50
T. trans. 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.00 2.00 15.00
Total 2 10.00 5 15.00 6 18.00 5 17.00 3 12.00 21 72.00
v) Development / upgradation of industrial infrastructures:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total
(Rs crores)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
IE-dev 1 3.60 1 3.60 1 3.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 10.80
New 0 0.00 1 4.00 1 4.00 1 4.00 0 0.00 3 12.00
Total 1 3.60 2 7.60 2 7.60 1 4.00 0 0.00 6 22.80
vi) Marketing Arrangement / Market Development:
Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Total
(Rs lakhs)
No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund No Fund
Org. of
events
1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 5 2.50
Within 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 10 20.00
India
Outside
India
0 0.00 1 4.00 2 8.00 1 4.00 0 0.00 4 16.00
2 4.50 4 8.50 5 12.50 4 8.50 3 4.50 19 38.50

37
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
A N N E X U R E S
1. RESUME OF THE PROJECT FOR SETTING UP OF BAMBOO
CONSTRUCTION – BOARD INDUSTRY
2. LIST OF FIRMS SEEKING NEC ASSISTANCE.
3. RESUME OF PEBBLE MAT INDUSTRY SUBMITTED TO MoRD.
4. PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FOR
ESTABLISHMENT OF 200 SSI UNITS.
ANNEXURE – I
COMPREHENSIVE STATE ACTION PLAN ON BAMBOO FLOWERING AND
FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME IN MIZORAM
RESUME OF THE PROJECT FOR SEETING UP OF BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION –
BOARD INDUSTRY
1. Introduction:
This project is to set up bamboo construction board manufacturing industry in the
bamboo rich state of Mizoram. The main raw material is bamboo of various species, which is
abundantly available in the State to the tune of 25.28 million tones.
So this project is prepared to tap the economic potential of huge bamboo resources
available in the State and all possible care has been taken to frame this Report as per generic
structure of DPR for funding under NLCPR framed and circulated by DONER.
2. The State of Mizoram:
The State of Mizoram, in the southern most tip of North East India is having positive
characteristics like alround peace, favourable climate, high literacy and education, rich
bamboo resources etc., it is yet to start development towards self-sufficiency despite
hindrances like:
- Industrially overall backwardness.
- Problems of unemployment
- Decrease in forest coverage
- Limited presence of natural minerals
- High dependency of State on Central Government on economy
- Hilly terrain topography.
3. Uses of bamboo construction board:
Due to advantageous properties of bamboo, bamboo concrete board is superior to
other boards. The main uses are concrete formwork (paper-laminated), partition walls, panels,
furniture, truck and other floors etc.

38
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
4. Manufacturing process:
Manufacturing processes of the bamboo construction board is briefly described in the
following sequences of activities:
- Harvesting and collection of desirable species of matured bamboo.
- Cross cutting at desired length.
- Splitting for desired dimensions.
- Slivering (outer retina and inner layer discarded).
- Weaving mats for exterior or weaving with thread for internal layer.
- Drying at proper temperature to moisture contents.
- Application of glue.
- Hot pressing with waterproof epidermal layers.
- Sanding wherever required.
- Edge cutting / sizing.
- Edges / sides treatment.
- Ready for use.
5. Approach and strategy:
With the strength and weakness of the overall situation in the State and opportunities
and threat present, the project is proposed to be funded under NLCPR and limited amount by
private stakeholder.
The project implementation will be two-folds, infrastructure development by the
implementing agency and the equipment part including pre-commercial operation jointly with
the private partner.
6. Estimated cost:
The total estimated cost and fund applied under NLCPR from DONER is given as:
A. Infrastructure development:
i) Approach road: Rs 16.50 lakhs
ii) Water supply: Rs 7.80 lakhs
iii) Factory Buildings: Rs 116.88 lakhs
iv) Workers’ shed: Rs 7.20 lakhs
v) Chowkider’s shed: Rs 2.30 lakhs
vi) Utilities building: Rs 2.10 lakhs
vii) Mat production building: Rs 13.56 lakhs
viii) Fencing: Rs 1.25 lakhs
ix) Electrifications: Rs 7.35 lakhs
Sub- Total: Rs 174.94 lakhs
B. Industry set up etc:
i) Mat production unit: Rs 2.70 lakhs
ii) Press and accessories Rs 251.88 lakhs
iii) Drying lines: Rs 38.50 lakhs
iv) Miscellaneous assets: Rs 32.50 lakhs
v) Pre-operative and
miscellaneous expenses: Rs 9.50 lakhs
vi) Working Capital margin: Rs 50.00 lakhs
Sub- Total: Rs 385.08 lakhs
Total Project Cost: Rs 560.02 lakhs
Say Rs 560.00 lakhs

39
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Of the total amount of Rs 560.00 lakhs, the project is framed such that Rs 65.00 lakhs
will come as equity share from joint venture partner.
Hence, the total amount applied under NLCPR from DONER is
Rs 560.00 lakhs – Rs 65.00 lakhs
i.e. Rs 495.00 lakhs only
7. Status of readiness, Implementation schedule and phasing of expenditure:
Site proposed is within the Bamboo Industries Complex, Sairang, Aizawl District in
Mizoram. The implementing agency is already in possession of the site and land acquisition
is not necessary. Hence, the site is available already for implementation of the project as soon
as sanction is accorded.
The project is scheduled to be completed within a period of 2 years (24 months) from
the date of sanction. Phasing of expenditure is given below in the table:
Rs Lakhs
Sl.
Year 1 Year 2
No. Items
Qtr 1 Qtrs 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Total
A Infrastructure Dev
1 Approach road 3.5 4 9 16.5
2 Water supply 2 3 2.8 7.8
3 Factory building 26 38 27.9 12 5 8 116.88
4 Workers shed 2.5 4.7 7.2
5 Chowkider shed 1 1.3 2.3
5 Utilities building 1.1 1 2.1
6 Mat prod. Bldg. 3 4 6.56 13.56
7 Fencing 0.25 1 1.25
8 Electrification 5.8 1.55 7.35
B Industry set up
1 Mat prod. Mach 2 0 0 0.7 2.7
2 Hyd. Hot press 125 10.5 22 70 24.38 251.88
3 Drying lines 9.5 19.25 9.75 38.5
4 Misc. assets 8.2 16 8.3 32.5
5 P.o. exp. & misc. 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 9.5
6 W/C margin 50 50
Total 6.25 37.7 193 59.4 18.6 30.5 113 101.9 560.02
8. Implementing agency:
The proposed implementing Agency is the Bamboo Development Agency, a society
formed by the Government of Mizoram for all round development of bamboo sector in the
State. The Agency is chaired by Chief Secretary of the State and draws technically capable
employees from the State Government Departments.
The Agency is undertaking various projects and activities on bamboo sector
development and is one of the leading institutions on this field in India.

40
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
9. Objectives of the project:
The project is to utilise huge available bamboo resources which are presently
unexploited for economical gains with projected results of:
- Generation of 114 direct employees.
- Creation of indirect employment to the tune of Rs 400.00 lakhs.
- Profit generation of more than Rs 200.00 lakhs per year.
- Providing alternative livelihood to jhum cultivators.
- Check in decrease of forest cover by providing timber substitute.
- Pilot for bamboo sector development.
10. Financial analysis:
Some points regarding financial analysis are:
- Net sales realisation of Rs 1836.00 lakhs at 100 % capacity utilisation.
- Profit generated is estimated at Rs 187.61 lakhs in the first year, Rs 198.30
lakhs in the second year and Rs 218.38 lakhs on the third year.
- Break even point at 35.39 %
- Pay Back Period is 2 years and 4 months.
11. Sustainability of the project:
The project is proposed to be under the management of private partner of the joint
venture and the profit share and lease rent projected to come to the implementing
agency will be applied for furtherance of the purpose of the project. As such, the
project is estimated to be sustainable by itself.
ANNEXURE – II
COMPREHENSIVE STATE ACTION PLAN ON BAMBOO FLOWERING AND
FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME IN MIZORAM
1. M/s Bnei Menashe Industries,
Prop : J.Laltlanmawia, Zuangtui.
2. M/s LMT Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Kaplianzela, Zuangtui.
LIST OF FIRMS SEEKING N.E.C ASSISTANCE
3. M/s Ebenezer Bamboo Industries,
Prop : K.Romawia, Ramhlun North.
4. M/s Mizoram Bamboo Industry, Industrial Estate, Zuangtui.
Prop : R.Lalhmingliana
5. M/s C.R.Bamboo Industry, Industrial Estate, Zuangtui,
Prop : C.Lalrampari.

41
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
6. M/s Tetei Bamboo Works,
Prop : Laldingliana Sailo, Ramhlun North, Aizawl.
7. M/s Aaron Bamboo Industry,
Prop : A.Lalduhawma, Chanmari, Aizawl.
8. M/s Hlutea Bamboo Works,
Prop : Vankhumi, Aizawl Venglai.
9. M/s T&T Bamboo Products,
Prop : Lalthantluangi, Zarkawt, Aizawl.
10. M/s R.D.Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Rodingliana, Zotlang, Aizawl.
11. M/s Zomau Industry,
Promoters : i) K.Lalthanzuia, Thakthing, Aizawl.
ii) Lalmuanpuia, Bawngkawn, Aizawl.
12. M/s BCA Bamboo Products,
Prop : Biakchunga, Lower Zarkawt, Aizawl.
13. M/s Peter Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Peter Lalhmingmawia, Chawnpui, Aizawl.
14. M/s Hriata Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Ebenezera, Ramhlun North, Aizawl.
15. M/s Azaria Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Laltinkima, Hunthar, Aizawl.
16. M/s Puia Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Malsawmkima, Hunthar, Aizawl.
17. M/s Rina Bamboo Industry,
Prop : R.Lalrinawma, Tlangnuam, Aizawl.
18. M/s H.L Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Lallawmsanga, Zuangtui, Aizawl.
19. M/s L.R.K Bamboo Works,
Prop : Zoremsanga, Chaltlang Dawrkawn, Aizawl.
20. M/s J.K. Bamboo Industry,
Prop : J.Khawsiama, Zuangtui, Aizawl.
21. M/s J.R Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Lalrintluanga, Zuangtui, Aizawl.

42
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
22. M/s R.L. Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Ronald Lalnunsanga, Chaltlang, Aizawl.
23. M/s R.D.S Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Ramdinsangi, Sairang.
24. M/s L.C. Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Lalthanliana, Industrial Estate, Zuangtui.
25. M/s Jenny Bamboo Industry,
Prop : Jenny Lalduhawmi Rate, Aizawl Venglai.
ANNEXURE – III
COMPREHENSIVE STATE ACTION PLAN ON BAMBOO FLOWERING AND
FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME IN MIZORAM
RESUME OF PEBBLE MAT INDUSTRY SUBMITTED TO MoRD
Bamboo pebble Mats:
Bamboo pebble mats have been made and produced in China and is very popular in
China, Hong Kong etc. under the name ‘Bamboo Mahjong Mat’. It has been providing
sustained income for rural people in China from regenerative bamboo resources.
Various uses of Bamboo pebble mat include-
i) Seat of chairs, benches etc.
ii) Cover for seat of chairs, benches etc.
iii) Cover of seats of various vehicles.
iv) Cover for table top and side tables.
v) Sleeping mattresses.
vi) Carrying bags of different sizes and designs.
vii) Partition walls, curtains and other wall hanging.
Production method:
i) Bamboo cut at internodes, and internodes portion are only used with machines.
ii) Bamboo splitting horizontal into two halves manually.
iii) Bamboo sticks of required cross sections made with three sides <strong>plan</strong>ning – using
machines.
iv) Bamboo sticks are cut into required length making bamboo pebbles – using machines.
v) Holes drilling done on the bamboo pebbles – using machines
vi) The bamboo pebbles are processed for wet grinding with stone powder and sand -
using machines.
vii) The pebbles are boiled/bleached with Sodium Hydroxide for some minutes and left
for drying – solar drying/kiln drying.
viii) Then grounded again with machines for smooth finishes.

43
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ix). Tied together with nylon threads to produce any required products like car seat
covers, bed covers, pillows, hand bags, chairs, seat covers, table mats etc. and ready
for market.
The success story:
The example of Ingga village in Huan’an county of Fujian Province of PR China
which is a village with a population of 1296 ( as on 2000) is really interesting as below:
In 1990, the inhabitants were very poor without proper income generation. But the
year 2000:
= The village have 100 mahjong mat homestead factory, profit from these tiny
industries results in rapid development.
= The village built a new model village with concrete structures and well managed and
landscaped village centre, which was completed in 1998.
= Value of raw bamboo increased 4-5 times higher.
= Revenue generation of the village in the year 1999 was valued at equivalent of Rs
18.00 crores.
= Already invest Rs 1.80 crore for construction of new model village and road from the
tax and duties paid from the income of these tiny bamboo industries.
= Of the total 293 households, 280 families have telephone connection and 50 % of the
people have mobile telephones of their own.
= The bamboo reserves around the village are well managed and maintained.
The main objectives of the project:
i) Improve socio-economy of the rural poor in Aizawl District, Mizoram by providing
sustained income from bamboo resources.
ii) Alternative to ‘jhum system of cultivation’ by rural industrial activities.
iii) Provide self employment for the rural poor.
iv) Impart necessary knowledge and skill to target group.
Project Strategy:
i) Mother Unit -
As this kind of industry is new to India for training, sample production, product
promotion, pilot project - industry will be set up at Industrial Estate, Zuangtui, Aizawl
using machineries imported from China.
ii) Training -
Necessary skills and knowledge will be imparted to target group through training at
the premise of the pilot project.
iii) Target area -
The target villages are Seling, Sesawng and Keifang within Thingsulthliah RD Block.
iv) 9 numbers of Self Help Rural Industrial Group -
From the target area, Self Help Rural Industrial Group (SHRIG) will be formed. Each
SHRI Group will be formed by 10 ~ 15 families.

44
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
v) Technology adaptation -
Domestic machine manufacturers will be engaged to produce machineries
indigenously using one set of imported machineries as prototype.
vi) The Mother Unit as Revenue Generating one -
The pilot unit, though main focus on training will also be used for sample production
and limited production. The product form this unit will be used for product promotion
as well as revenue generation. The unit will be self sustained up to certain level in the
initial 3 years and from the fourth year at the margin of self sustain.
vii) The Rural Industrial units-
Once, necessary training are imparted, Self Help Rural Industrial Groups are formed
and indigenous machines are available at comfortable price, the actual field <strong>action</strong> of
the project will begin. Each Self Help Rural Industrial Group will set up one unit each
jointly from funds of SGSY, State/Bamboo Development Agency, their own
contribution and credit sources.
Project Period:
The project is scheduled for three years starting from the date of sanction / release of
fund by the authority. The first two years are more on the mother unit (m.u.) and later
part of second year and third year is for setting up of rural units(r.u.) by the Self Help
Rural Industrial Groups.
Thingsulthliah Rural Development Block:
The Project is prepared based on Thingsulthliah Rural Development Block of Aizawl
District in the State of Mizoram. Selection of this RD block is done on criterias like
socio-economic condition, literacy level, potential work force, easy access from the
district headquarters.
The mother unit is proposed however, to be set up within the headquarters of the
District at Industrial Estate, Zuangtui, Aizawl in the vicinity of offices of
implementing agencies - Aizawl DRDA and Bamboo Development Agency -
Mizoram.
Implementing Agency:
Bamboo Development Agency, Mizoram (Society of Govt. of Mizoram)
and the District Rural Development Agency, Aizawl District, Aizawl, Mizoram.
Raw Material Supply:
Bamboo:
Bamboo is plentifully available everywhere in the whole of the State naturally
growing wild in the forest.
Nylon Thread & plastic binders:
Nylon thread is used for stitching and binding together the bamboo pebbles produced.
Nylon bands are used in some products for band-binders as intermediates in stitching the
bamboo pebble. These two materials of different sizes and qualities are abundantly available
in local and other domestic market.
The estimated cost is Rs 391.44 lakhs

45
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
PROJECT COST
SHRIGs 9 groups
No. per group 10 ~ 12 families
Training 100 persons
Mother Unit
Training
CASH OUTFLOWS
Projects Items Sub-amount
Rural Industries 9 nos
Sheds etc 1,12,000.00
Plant & machineries 1,700,000.00
Sample Production 2,550,000.00
Sales promotion 800,000.00
Miscellaneous 550,000.00
Technology adapt 150,000.00
Sub-total 7,870,000.00
Trainer’s Training 420,000.00
Trainees’ stipend 300,000.00
Training materials 2,300,000.00
Trainers renumeration 624,000.00
Sub-total 3,644,000.00
Sheds etc. 1,520,000.00
Plant & machineries 900,000.00
Pre-op. Expenses 250,000.00
Working cap. Margin 330,000.00
Sub-total 3,000,000.00
Amount in
Rupees
7,870,000.00
3,644,000.00
3,000,000.00
For 9 units 27,000,000.00 27,000,000.00
Cash Reserves after 3 rd year in Mother unit 630,000.00
Total Out Flows 39,144,000.00
CASH IN FLOWS
Sources Amount in Rupees
Fund from SGSY (Special Project) – MoRD 19,101,000.00
State Share & public contribution 25% 9,786,000.00
Credit components 8,127,000,00
Sale of sample products 2,130,000.00
Total 39,144,000.00
DISTRIBUTION OF ABOVE CASH IN FLOWS
Sources Mother Unit Rural Industries (9Nos) Total
Grant from SGSY 7,671,000.00 11,430,000.00 19,101,000.00
State Sh/contr. 2,343,000.00 7,443,000.00 9,786,000.00
Credit component - 8,127,000.00 8,127,000.00
Sales 2,130,000.00 - 2,130,000.00
Total 12,144,000.00 27,000,000.00 39,144,000.00

46
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ANNEXTURE – IV
COMPREHENSIVE STATE ACTION PLAN ON BAMBOO FLOWERING AND
FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME IN MIZORAM
PROPOSED PROJECT SUBMITTED TO GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1. PROJECT NAME : Project for setting up Bamboo Processing SSI
Units in Mizoram
2. PROJECT COVERAGE : - The entire State of Mizoram.
: - Suitable location for SSI units will be selected on
the basis of massive presence of Bamboo (of
melocana Baccifera specie) and on the basis of
availability of road connectivity and power.
3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES : - Immediate utilization of the specie of bamboo
- Providing gainful employment to the people of rural
Mizoram.
4. PROJECT BRIEF : - 200 villages, connected by road and power, will be
identified for setting up 1 (one) SSI unit in each
such Villages.
- Selection of village will be done on the basis of said
connectivities.
- Further selection of 200 entrepreneurs, capable of
investing at least 10% of the project cost will be
made.
- Each selected entrepreneur will be provided with a
set of machines for producing bamboo sticks of 1.00
mm to 3.00 mm thickness.
- Raw material will be sourced by the entrepreneurs from
local workers/ farmers only from the bamboo forest
areas of their respective Village Councils. No
commercialization of this particular operation will be
permissible.
- Collection of bamboo will be done in such a manner that
thicker portion is sold by entrepreneurs to M/s MVBP Ltd.
and thinner portion utilized in their own factory for
stick making.
- Finished sticks will be purchased at the
entrepreneurs’ doorsteps by M/s Mizoram Venus
Bamboo Products Ltd., a Joint Venture (JV) unit of
Mizoram Bamboo Development Agency and dried
and further processed in its own unit and will be
marketed by this JV Unit.
o This will save the entrepreneurs from the
problem of stocking, packaging, market hunting,
transport etc.

47
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
5. EACH UNIT COST : RS. 10.00 LAKHS.
6. PROPOSED UNITS TO BE : 200 (TWO HUNDRED)
SET UP
o Large market share of such stick (for incense
stick making, flowers pros and decoration,
barbeque sticks, chick – type screen, thin
seethrough screens, bamboo broom stick etc.) is
available in India and abroad. This JV Unit of
BDA has EOU status and marketing in India and
a broad is not expected to pose any problem.
- Each Unit will provide direct employment to 30
persons. It will also generate indirect employments.
- The entire Project is expected to generate 6000
direct full-time employments.
- The unit is easy to set up, has low investment,
simple technology, low maintenance cost, low
gestation period of 3-4 months, and provides high
returns.
7. TOTAL PROJECT COST ; RS. 2000.00 LAKHS
(RS. 10.00 LAKHS X 200 UNITS)
8. GESTATION PERIOD : 3 TO 4 MONTHS
9. FINANCING :1. Loan from NSTFDC - 25% = Rs.500.00 lakhs.
2. GIA of GOI Bamboo -50% = Rs. 1000.00lakhs.
Technology Mission To entrepreneurs through Mizoram
Industrial Development
Corporation (ZIDCO)
3. Entrepreneurs’ contribution:
i) Central Capital Investment - 15%
= Rs.300.00 Lakhs
ii) Direct Contribution by Entrepreneurs - 10%
= Rs.200.00 Lakhs
TOTAL - 100% = Rs. 2000.00Lakhs
10. INTEREST : - As all Scheduled Tribe entrepreneurs will be
involved, interest rate applicable may commensurate
with the interest rate applicable to loans issued by
NSTFDC and not higher.
11. REPAYMENT PERIOD OF : 10 years with a grace period of 1 year from
TERM LOAN sanction of the project.
12. SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT: - Bamboo Development Agency of Mizoram will
prepare DPR and do the project appraisal.

48
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
- Collateral security for NSTFDC loan will be
provided by the State Government in the form of
State Guarantee.
- Special single-window clearance will be instituted
by the State Government for:
• Selection of entrepreneurs.
• Power/ water connection.
• NOC from State Pollution Control Board.
• Obtaining State Level App-roval Committee’s
recommendation for Central Capital Investment
Subsidy.
13. IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: 1. Concerned Ministries of Government of India.
2. NSTFDC/ZIDCO/Nationalised Bank.
14. EXECUTING AGENCY : 1. BDA
M/s MVBP Ltd. (JV of Gov’t. of Mizoram).
15. MONITORING AGENCY : 1. Concerned Ministries / NSTFDC.
2. Industries Department, Gov’t of Mizoram.
REQUIREMENT OF MACHINERIES AND TOTAL COST-STRUCTURE
SL. MACHINE AND UNIT NO. OF TOTAL
NO. MODEL NUMBER COST UNITS COST
A. CAPITAL COST:
1. BAMBOO SPLITTING MACHINE 2,07,460.00 200 4,14,92,000.00
2. BAMBOO SEWING MACHINE. 58,190.00 200 1,16,38,000.00
3. PALLING TABLE (4 CUTTER TYPE) 5,74,310.00 200 SETS 11,48,62,000.00
= 2 MACHINES PER UNIT.
4. WORKSHED, ELECTRIFICATION 1,15,540.00 200 2,31,08,000.00
RS.192.00 /SQ.FT. (30’X20’)
B. WORKING CAPITAL:
5. POWER, FOREST, ROYALTY, 39,500.00 200 79,00,000.00
WATER ETC.
6. PREPARATION OF DPR - - 10,00,000.00
TOTAL : 10,00,000.00 = 20,00,00,000.00
NOTES:
1. Electric motors, control panels and one set of spare blades will be provided to all the
above machines at no extra cost.
2. The cost are inclusive of freight charges, handling and port charges, insurance and
inland transportation.
3. Delivery schedule : 3-4 months from receipt of orders and irrevocable L.C.
4. Rates are subject to exchange rate fluctuations.

49
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
MODALITIES ACQUIRING MACHINERIES AND PORVIDING MAINTENANCE
ACQUISITION OF MACHINERIES:
Mizoram Government has already set up a JV Industrial Unit at Sairang near Aizawl
for processing of Bamboo with product range of Bamboo boards, bamboo doors and shutters,
panel and flooring.
This JV unit has an EOU status with a firm tie-up with ISO-9002 certified machine
manufacturer, namely, M/s Boarke Machine Company of Taiwan.
This JV, as an EOU, has an advantage of sourcing bamboo-processing machineries at
factory price of the manufacturers without employing any agent and without custom duties as
permissible under Exim Policy.
MAINTENANCE OF MACHINERIES:
The JV unit has spare capacity in 2 of their machineries for grinding of cutters and
blades, which need constant maintenance. 200 SSI units of this Project can utilise this spare
capacity of the JV Unit at minimal service charges.
MARKETING:
As stated briefly in the foregoing paragraph, there is a ready market for bamboo stick
both in domestic and international markets.
Maximum demand is for manufacture of Agarbatti (incense/ joystick) and for fire
crackers industry.
International market is for flower props, flower decoration, incense stick, barbecue
sticks etc.
A. RETURN PER UNIT:
ECONOMICAL ASPECT
MONTHLY SALE
A) SALE OF LOWER PORTION = 4” length x 360 nos. x Rs. 3 per day for 23
bamboo unfit for this working days.
Operation.
RS. = 360 NOS. X 3/- X 23 DAYS = RS. 24,830/-
B) SALE OF FINISHED STICKS
M/s MVBP Ltd. @ Rs.20/- per kg.
Rs. = 600 kgs. X 10/- x 23 days = Rs. 1,38,000/-
TOTAL = RS. 1,62,840/-
N.B.: Waste/ By-product not usable till gasification <strong>plan</strong>t is dovetailed.
GROSS ANNUAL RETURNS
RS. 1,62,840 X 12 = RS. 19,54,800/-

50
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B. REPAYMENT PER ANNUM:
a) Payment of principal amount Rs. 3,00,000/- = Rs. 30,000/-
within 10 years at the rate Rs. 30,000/- per year.
b) Payment of interest of 5% (Rs. 75,000/-) = Rs. 7,500/-
at the rate of Rs. 7,500/- per annum.
Repayment per annum = Rs. 37,500/-
POLICY ASPECT
This Project conforms to the State New Industrial Policy of 2000 and State Bamboo
policy. There is a vast annual surplus of 32.09 lakhs ton of Bamboo in the State and the total
requirement of these 200 units will consume a total of 79488 MT which is hardly 3%
utilisation of the surplus.
CAPTIVE POWER
This is calculated at 60% capacity utilisation. If this capacity is to be augmented, a
captive power set has to be dovetailed with each unit. Such captive set of 15 KVA at the
additional cost of Rs. 50,000/- will be adequate.

51
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
1. PROJECT TITLE : BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE
COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
2. PROJECT LOCATION : MIZORAM, INDIA
3. OBJECTIVE :
4. PROJECT PERIOD : 5 (Five) years.
5. TOTAL PROJECT COST: Rs. 49.83 Crores
To harvest bamboo before flowering.
To generate income by providing employment.
To enable easy movement of essential
commodities to inaccessible areas.
To create asset in the form of road
communication.
6. APPLICANT INFORMATION
Application Organisation : Rural Development Department represented by
The Director,
Rural Development Department
Government of Mizoram,
Aizawl : 796001
Mizoram, India.
Telephone numbers of the : 0389 – 2341275 (O) 0389 – 2316959 (R)
Director 0389 – 2341033 (O)
Fax : 0389 – 2340978 (O)
7. Contact persons :
1. LALENGMAWIA, Director 2. LALNUNHLUA, Asst. Director,
Rural Development Department Rural Development Department
Govt. of Mizoram Govt. of Mizoram
Ph : 0389-2341257, 2341033 (O) (M) 9436141853
3. LALBIAKSANGI, Deputy Director
Rural Development Department
Govt. of Mizoram
Ph : 0389 – 2341255 (O)
0389 – 2348575 (R)
9436141462 (M)

52
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
CONCEPT PAPER ON BAFFACOS
Context & Background:
The State of Mizoram has some uniqueness in comparison with other States. The
State has abundant natural bamboo resources. Bamboo forest cover 12.54 million hectares in
the State (i.e. 57.8% of the total area). Their distribution is limited above 1500 m and bamboo
are less common in the more mountains eastern part of the State. Bamboo grow as
understorey <strong>plan</strong>ts in deciduous and evergreen forests; in pure stand along river banks; in and
around villages and as dominant secondary vegetation on abandoned jhum lands. Some of the
bamboo in Mizoram are clump-forming and some species have spreading rhizomes and
widely spaced culms. The spreading species are more commonly found in the cooler, higher
parts of the State, with the exception of Melocanna Baccifera which is a major component of
secondary vegetation on previously jhummed lands in tropical areas. This is due to its
vigorous spreading subterranean rhizome system from which it is able to regenerate rapidly
after cutting and burning. The clump forming bamboo are mostly distributed in the subtropical
regions, with the exception of Dendrocalamus Sikkimensis which grows in the Blue
Mountain range with the exception of Melocanna Baccifera most of the bamboo are limited
to steep gradients and relatively in accessible locations.
Twenty species of bamboo grow in Mizoram. Melocanna Baccifera is the
predominant species and occupies 95% of the bamboo afforested land in the State. In
Mizoram, Melecanna Baccifera and Bambusa Tulda both have life cycle of 48 years. The two
species do not flower together at the same time. Bambusa Tulda flowers 18 years with a few
<strong>plan</strong>ts flowering in the first and third years and the vast majority flowering in the second
year. Flowering starts from the south of the State and proceeds northwards. This very short
time span present two major problems.
The entire standing stock of culms is eliminated within two to three years. Proceeding
industries and local weavers loose their sources of raw materials very rapidly and must find
alternative sources to remain in business. Environmental degradation and erosion increases
due to the loss of vegetation cover.
The fruits of bamboo are edible and understood to contain high grade quality protein
resulting in a rapid explosion of the rodent population; whose number are related to the
availability of food. The rodent not only devastate the naturally regenerating seeds and
seedlings and thereby reduce the regeneration rate, but also destroy other crops and stored
grains resulting in severe famine. The famines caused by the flowering of Melocanna
Baccifera are known as “MAUTAM FAMINE”.
These occurred in Mizoram in 1862, 1911 and 1959. In the aforesaid famines, lots of
human lives had been lost. Though there are no statistical records to be shown, the severity of
the famine is heard from older generation. The peak flowering of the said bamboo starts in
the south of Bangladesh and proceeds northwards in a wave lasting a couple of years. The
next flowering for this species is forecast during 2005-2008 and it is expected that much of
the entire stock of Melacanna Baccifera in the Northeast of India will be devastated.
As such, immediate steps have to be taken in order to mitigate this foreseeable severe
famine. There is presently no known method of preventing flowering of bamboo. It is known
that heavy fertilisation and intensive management practices can sometimes reduce mortality
of <strong>plan</strong>ts after setting seeds, but these practices would need to be adopted over the whole
area. This is impracticable and carries no guarantee of success.

53
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The Department/Government is in the opinion that flowering of bamboo can be
minimised by harvesting most of the bamboo leaving 5% for natural regeneration and sell it
off for earning Government revenue. This will control the sudden explosion of population of
rodent due to flowering of bamboo in terms of thousands and thousands of rodent within a
short span of time which the State has experienced at an interval of every 48 years since 1815
causing a severe famines known as ‘MAUTAM FAMINE’ which cost lots of human lives
and suffering.
Objective:
The practical challenge is not merely to anticipate a famine before it occurs, a
daunting task by itself, but to locate it spatially and socially so as to intervene on behalf of the
people who most needed protection. With this main objective in view, it is propose to
mitigate the expected famine due to the flowering of bamboo. The flowering of bamboo can
be minimised by harvesting most of the bamboo before it flowers. Secondly, expected famine
can be combated by improvement of existing roads and construction of new roads for supply
of essential commodities to the most interior places of the State.
Rural Development Department had constructed connectivity road under schemes
likes EAS, JRY, SGRY and BADP. Due to heavy rain during monsoon period, most of the
roads which were constructed have been blocked by landslide, subsidence etc. As there is no
proper maintenance, these roads are not fit for plying of vehicles for supplying essential
commodities and harvesting the bamboo. Hence, the aforementioned roads will be the key
factors for mitigating the expected famine. At some interior villages new construction of
Jeepable road will be essential for supply of foodgrains as there are no existing road at
present. Such roads will be an asset which will be very useful by the local people for
transportation of their agricultural and horticultural products.
Problem, Issues and Proposed Solutions
As mentioned before, flowering of bamboo occurs at a periodic interval of 48 – 50
years in Mizoram. From the past experience bamboo flowers follows severe famine which is
known as ‘Mautam’ after the flowering of Melocanna Baccifera. As per record, Melocanna
Baccifera flowered in 1815, 1863, 1911, 1959 while the next expected flowering cycle is
during 2005-2008. Gregarious flowering and seeding of bamboo causes an increase in rodent
population. The massive rodent population feeds on the bamboo flowers and other standing
agricultural crops, causing its destruction followed by acute scarcity of food which results in
lost of lives and sufferings.
Bamboo being a multipurpose, eco-friendly crop abundantly available, yet an underutilised
natural resource, needs to be managed and exploited for sustainable use. Bamboo is
conceived as a thrust area in the industrial development of Mizoram for the economic and
ecological security of the people. This precious resources needs to be fully tapped as an
industrial raw materials, as substitute for wood in rural/urban housing, engineering works,
handicrafts, furniture and value addition through export. Undoubtedly bamboo can
revolutionise the economy of the State ensuring employment opportunities to a large number
of people.
It is now proposed to harvest most of the bamboo within Mizoram before it flowers.
Harvesting of bamboo could be well achieved by improving the existing roads and
constructing new roads where there are no existing roads.

54
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
As per information collected from Food & Civil Supplies Department, there are many
routes where foodgrains are carried by head-load under difficult terrain. Hence, these villages
are targeted so that specific food deficit problems does not arise during the five years as a
result of this phenomenon.
Project Beneficiaries
The people living in the selected villages where roads are proposed to be constructed
in particular and in general the objective of this project is to minimise the flowering of
bamboo so that the rodent population explosion is mitigated.
Improvement of existing roads, construction of new connectivity roads for harvesting
bamboo at different localities will generate employment avenues for the local people and this
will in turn enhance their buying power in times of distress.
Construction of connectivity roads for harvesting bamboo will be an assets. After it is
being used for the said purpose, it could well be used for transportation of agricultural,
horticultural products etc. of the villages covered so that they will have more buying power.
Project Strategy and Management Arrangement
The Department have 22 RD Blocks and 1 (one) Additional RD Blocks. These are
headed by Block Development Officers (BDO) (Group – A) belonging to the Mizoram Civil
Service (MCS). He is assisted by technical personnel who look after all civil works as well as
clerical staff. All developmental works under various rural development schemes are taken
up through them.
Whereas there is concentration of bamboo in almost all the areas, it is nil in the eastern
side bordering Myanmar. Considering the hectares covered in the reported places, the
Department proposes to combat the expected famine by harvesting optimum quantity of bamboo
before it flower by improving/upgrading the existing roads and by constructing new roads.
The Department have therefore propose 2 (two) courses of <strong>action</strong>: -
1) Maintenance and widening of existing roads constructed by the Department
under various schemes so as to facilitate plying of medium vehicles. These selected roads are
important links for harvesting of bamboo and imperative for uninterrupted supply of essential
commodities during famine. List of RD Blocks and proposed length in kilometres of such
roads is given in Annexure-I.
2) Construction of road for plying light vehicles will be essential to cover all the
villages, which are yet to be connected so that the villagers do not necessarily die of
starvation. These propose roads are outside the purview of PMGSY. At present foodgrains is
carried on head-load basis on difficult terrain and under all types of weather. List of these
villages with their population is given in Annexure-II.
The Department also proposes to have a team of selected officers to oversee the
implementation of this particular scheme. This will be headed by Commissioner/Secretary,
Rural Development Department. The team will have a number of field visits to selected sites
and monitor the progress of the project and submit report to the State Monitoring Cell of
BAFFACOS.

55
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Issues To Be Considered
All the areas proposed are community land and there will be no question of payment
of Compensation nor Acquisition of land.
As pointed out in the introductory note, this project is <strong>plan</strong>ned so as to mitigate
possible famine as a result of explosion of rodent population feeding on the flowering
bamboo and other standing agricultural crops.
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
1) Earthwork estimation:
The estimation of earthwork for new construction as well as for widening is
calculated using 45° ground slope. As Mizoram is a hilly area, almost all the earthwork for
construction of roads is cutting. Moreover, the ground slope is not uniform, at some places it
is very steep (more than 45°) and less steeper at other places.
2) Classification of Soil:
The type of soil is divided into 3 categories: -
(a) Hard soil - 70 %
(b) Soft rock - 20 %
(c) Hard rock - 10 %
3) Provision for retaining wall:
The soil in Mizoram is not stable enough and also due to heavy rainfall, a large
number of landslides take place every rainy season. Hence, provision for retaining wall is a
must in all estimates for road construction.
Provision for two types of retaining walls is included for different cutting height
resulting from non-uniformity of ground slope.
4) Provision for culvert:
Provision for 2 – 3 culverts are also made considering the ground reality.
Means of Finance, Project Budget & Time Frame
The State Level Committee on BAFFACOS considered that it will not be practical
nor possible to collect all the bamboo before it flowers. Though the Department have
collected information on all bamboo concentrated areas with their location, the Department
have prioritized the list of places/location which will be easily accessible and economically
viable to be reached by providing maintenance and widening of the existing roads and
construction of new Jeepable road for free movement of essential commodities where there
are no existing roads at present.
The estimated project for maintenance, new construction and widening of 300 Kms.,
164 Kms. and 158 Kms. respectively is Rs. 49.83 crores.
For maintaining of 1 Km. of road, 4719 mandays employment will be generated, for
widening of road 9020 mandays will be generated and for new construction of Jeepable road
11610 mandays will be created @ Rs. 84/- per day (present rate).

56
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The break-up of the estimate project of Rs. 49.83 crores will be undertaken for 5 years
on the following lines.
2004 –2005 = 7.476 crores
2005 – 2006 = 9.966 crores
2006 – 2007 = 12.456 crores
2007 – 2008 = 12.456 crores
2008 – 2009 = 7.476 crores
TOTAL = 49.830 crores
Rural Development has been constructing roads and bridges under different schemes
by employing the villagers especially the BPL category. If sanction is received, the
Department proposes to involve BPL and Non – BPL families of the villagers since
employment will be needed by all regardless of his stature. In some cases, mechanisation may
also be required if the proposed road to be constructed is too far from the inhabited village.
There are reported instances that some bamboo have started to bear fruits. As the
flowering of bamboo is expected in 2007, there is hardly any time left to shelve this
important project.
ABSTRACT
( NEW CONSTRUCTION OF JEEPABLE ROAD )
( for 1 km.)
Sl. No. Work Nos. Rate (in Rupees) Amount (in Rupees)
1. Formation cutting 1 km 5,96,000.00 5,96,000.00
2. Retaining wall Type – I 2 Nos. 41,000.00 per nos. 82,000.00
3. Retaining wall Type – II 2 Nos. 66,500.00 1,33,000.00
4. Culvert 3 Nos. 1,36,000.00 4,08,000.00
Total = Rs. 12,19,000.00
Total requirement ( approximate ) per km = Rs. 12.19 lakhs.
For 164 km ( Total proposed length ) = Rs. 12,19,000 × 164
= Rs. 19,99,16,000.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs. 1,999.16 lakhs.
( SAY ) = Rs. 2000.00 lakhs.
= Rs. 20.00 crores.
( WIDENING OF JEEPABLE ROAD IN TO TRUCKABLE ROAD )
( for 1 km.)
Sl. No. Work Nos. Rate (in Rupees ) Amount (in Rupees)
1. Widening 1 km 5,96,000.00 4,60,000.00
2. Retaining wall, Type – I 2 Nos. 41,000.00 per nos. 82,000.00
3. Retaining wall, Type – II 2 Nos. 66,500.00 1,33,000.00
4. Culvert 2 Nos. 1,36,000.00 2,72,000.00
Total = Rs. 9,47,000.00
Total = Rs. 9.47 lakhs.

57
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Total requirement ( approximate ) per km = Rs. 9.47 lakhs.
For 158 km ( Total proposed length ) = Rs. 9,47,000 x 158
= Rs. 14,96,26,000.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs. 1496.26 lakhs.
( SAY ) = Rs. 1496.00 lakhs.
= Rs. 14.96 crores.
( Rupees Fourteen Crore and Ninety Six ) only.
( MAINTENANCE WORKS )
( for 1 km.)
Sl. No. Work Nos. Rate (in Rupees) Amount (in Rupees)
1. Maintenance 1 km 8,500.00 8,500.00
2. Retaining wall Type – I 2 Nos. 41,000.00 per nos. 82,000.00
3. Retaining wall Type – II 2 Nos. 66,500.00 1,33,000.00
4. Culvert 2 Nos. 1,36,000.00 2,72,000.00
Sl.
No.
Total = Rs. 4,95,500.00
Total = Rs. 4.955 lakhs.
Total requirement ( approximate ) per km = Rs. 4.955 lakhs.
For 300 km ( Total proposed length ) = Rs. 4,95,500 x 300
= Rs. 14,86,50,000.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs. 1486.50 lakhs.
( SAY ) = Rs. 1487.00 lakhs.
= Rs. 14.87 crores.
( Rupees Fourteen Crore and Eighty Seven ) only.
Work
GENERAL ABSTRACT
Total
required
( kms )
Rate per km
(Rs. in lakhs)
Amount
(Rs. in Crore)
1. Maintenance Works 300 km 4.955 14.87
2. Widening Works 158 km 9.47 14.96
3. New Construction 164 km 12.19 20.00
Total = Rs. 49.83 Crore
( Rupees Forty Nine Crore and Eighty Three Lakhs ) only.
* * * * * * * * *

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
HORTICULTURE
PROJECT AT A GLANCE
1. Name of the Project :- Horticulture Plantation for Bamboo Flowering &
Famine Combat Scheme (BAFFACOS).
2. Implementing Agency :- Department of Horticulture, Mizoram.
3. Status :- Government.
4. Project Break - up :- i) Passionfruit cultivation
ii) Grape Cultivation
iii) Potato Cultivation and
iv) Turmeric Cultivation
5. Project Target :-
5.1 Beneficiaries :- i) Passionfruit 4,000 Nos.
ii) Grape 3,000 Nos.
iii) Potato 1,500 Nos.
iv) Turmeric 1,000 Nos.
5.2 Operational Area :- Mizoram State
5.3 Mode of Operation :- R.D. Block wise on Potential base.
5.4 Area to be covered :- i) Passionfruit 4,000 Ha.
ii) Grape 3,000 Ha.
iii) Potato 1,500 Ha.
iv) Turmeric 1,000 Ha.
6. Financial Aspect :- i) Govt. contribution -
Rs. 40.3125 crores
ii) Beneficiary contribution -
Rs. 12.9375 crores
TOTAL - Rs. 53.25 crores

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
1. INTRODUCTION :-
Mizoram is an expanse of blue green hills situated at Southern extreme of North East
India. It lies between 20 0 20’ and 24 0 27’ N latitude and 90 0 20’ and 90029’ E longitudes. It is
bounded by Cachar District of Assam and Manipur to the North, chin hills of Myanmar to the
South and by Tripura and Chittagong hills of Bangladesh to the west. It covers an area of
21,081 Sq.Km with an average height of 920m above sea level.
The Agro-climatic situation of Mizoram offers an excellent scope for growing
different kinds of fruits, vegetables, spices etc. The project is prepared with a view to
overcome famine which is expected due to gregarious flowering of bamboo during 2004 -
2007. Priority will be given to crops like Passionfruit, Grape, Potato and Turmeric as this
crops have short gestation period providing good scope for marketing, quick economic return
and good prospect for further marketing and export.
The policy of Mizoram State Government is also to bring up the socio-economic
condition of the poor farmers through the goals and objectives of <strong>plan</strong>ting economical value
crops and enhance its production and establishment of Agro-Horticulture based Industry
(processing Units) within the state.
2. SCOPE :-
Mizoram has got immense potential to grow all types of Horticulture crops by virtue
of possessing different Agro-climatic zones. In fact, it goes without saying that there exist
tremendous scope and potentialities for growing all kinds of fruits, flowers, vegetables,
spices, <strong>plan</strong>tation crops etc. The present area under various horticulture crops is surveyed to
be 40,575 Ha. which is only 6.44% of the estimated potential area of 6.30% lakhs Ha.
available for cultivation of Horticulture crops. This shows that the growth of Horticulture
crops in the state have to move faster as there is enormous scope. The land, which cannot be
used for cultivation of cereal crops can be profitably utilized for development of horticulture
crops for generating economy to the growers and the state as a whole.
Keeping in view the gregarious flowering of bamboo taking place during 2004 -2007
resulting in mass martality and destruction of bamboo forest, incurring rapid increase to the
rodent population thereby causing famine, the Department selected 4(four) crops i.e.
Passionfruit, Grape, Potato and Turmeric as these crops have short gestation period with good
economic return for <strong>plan</strong>tation in Jhumland to provide alternative means of livelihood to the
rural population dependent on Jhum cultivation.
3. SWOT ANALYSIS :-
Strength - Diverse Agro - Climatic conditions.
- Abundance of suitable fertile land.
- Abundance of rainfall.
Weakness - Inadequate post-harvest infrastructure and marketing
- High cot of input and exorbitant cost of transport.
- Infrastructure bottle necks such as connecting road, cold
storage etc.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Opportunity - Available of fertile surplus land due to gregarious flowering of
bamboo.
- Processing Unit available in the State.
Threat - Rapid depletion of forest and soil erosion by practise of
jhumming and wild fires, low per capita income of the farming
community.
4. OBJECTIVES :
i) To offer avenues in creating employment opportunities to rural population
dependent on Jhum cultivation.
ii) To extend financial Assistance to the farmers through available source of fund
in the country.
iii) To increase income per unit area by augmentation of the productivity level of
the <strong>plan</strong>t with introduction of selective varieties and improved technique of
cultivation.
iv) To provide proper utilisation of land to minimise unnecessary destruction of
forest and adopt cultivation of viable crop to increase value production per
unit area.
v) To transform of destructive shifting cultivation practices into constructive
farming.
5. DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE PLANTATION :-
The economy of over 70% of the population in Mizoram is entirely based on land.
Jhumming/Shifting cultivation is the mainstay of the people. This has resulted in steep
decline in soil fertility. Soil erosion and deforestation has risen to alarming extent posing a
serious threat to the fragile Sub - Himalayan eco-system, and with the prediction of
gregarious flowering of bamboo taking place during 2004 - 2007 resulting in mass mortality
and destruction of bamboo forest, rapid increase in rodent population resulting in heavy
damages to crops causing famine, the Department proposed to combat this famine through
Horticulture <strong>plan</strong>tation. Of the total 21 lakhs Ha. of land estimated, 6.30 lakhs Ha. of land is
available for cultivation of horticulture crops. Moreover, the area under 0-5% slope is only
31,138 Ha., i.e., only 1.47% of the total area. Therefore, horticulture is the only means and
ways to supplement the farmers and help in the economy of the state. Since the availability of
flat land is very less, the farmers have no alternative other than to jhum practice, which is
very detrimental from environmental point of view, besides being a fragile means of
livelihood. So, to change the scenario for permanent cultivation and safeguard the population
against famine due to gregarious flowering of bamboo, Horticulture <strong>plan</strong>tation is the only
alternative. Therefore, it is proposed to take up the following Horticulture crops on potential
base in all 22 R.D. Blocks in Mizoram and the area break-up is given at Annexure – I.
5.1 PASSIONFRUIT :-
Passion fruit is a choice of the Sub-Tropical and Semi-Temperate belts and it yields a
sprightly juice rich in Vitamin ‘A’ with sweet fragrance. Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis sims)
is a member of the family Passifloraceace. It is a tough - stemmed, evergreen perenial vine
that climbs by means of long tendrils which coil around support. The stems are green, angular
when young, becoming round with age, and their centres are hollow. The fruit of P.edulis, a
multi-seeded berry, is round or slightly oval about 2” - 2½” long. Weight varies from 10g to
about 56g. The fruit hangs on stalks 3-4” long with green bracts about 1” from the fruit. The

61
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
shell is hard and smooth, green at first, ripening to deep purple and finally becomes crinkled
when fully mature. The rind is about 1/8” thick, pinkish and bordered by about ¼” of white
pith. Inside the rind is hollow, filled with tart but pleasantly flavoured aromatic juice orangeyellow
pulp. The small, hard, black seeds are pitted, netted or transversely grooved and
individually embedded in the fleshy aril.
Passion fruit has been growing in the hills of Mizoram for several decades especially,
the purple variety which are grown in an elevation of 700 Mtr. and above and has a better
aroma and flavour with higher juice content. The ideal climatic condition with crop
adaptability to the region makes it conducive of increasing the areas under passion fruit.
Moreover, the state has a Juice Extr<strong>action</strong> Plant at Chhingchhip, which has not been utilised
to its full potential due to constraint in availability of raw materials. As such, increasing the
area under passion fruit will help in adequate supply of raw materials to this <strong>plan</strong>t, which will
help the farmers in disposing their produce easily with good economic return. Since Passion
fruit has been in cultivation in Mizoram for a long time, there does not exist any problem in
procurement of <strong>plan</strong>ting materials for <strong>plan</strong>tation.
It is therefore, proposed to cover an area of 4,000Ha. @ Rs.60,000 per Ha. totalling a
sum of Rs.2,400 lakhs during the project period of 5 years.75% of the project cost will be
Govt. share and 25% will be beneficiary contribution in the form of labour. Detail cost
estimate and year wise physical and financial break-up is given at Annexure - II & VII-A
respectively.
ECONOMICS OF PASSIONFRUIT CULTIVATION IN 1 HA. AREA
Sl. No. Particulars 1st Year 2nd Year
3rd Year &
above
1 Cost of cultivation Rs. 60,000/- - -
2 Maintenance - Rs.10,000/- Rs. 15,000/-
3 Production 10 MT 12.5 MT 17.5 MT
4 Minimum sale rate Rs. 5/- per Kg. Rs. 5/- per Kg Rs. 5/- per Kg
5 Gross income (3x4) Rs. 50,000/- Rs. 62,500/- Rs. 87,500/-
6 Net profit ( 5 - 1+2) (-) Rs. 10,000/- Rs. 52,500/- Rs. 72,500/-
5.2 GRAPE :-
Grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most important crop grown in the world. Mostly it
is grown for making wines and preparation of raisin and then as a table fresh fruit. Grape
cultivation is believed to have originated near Caspian Sea, however, Indians know grapes
since Roman times. At present, grape is the most important fruit crop grown commercially
with the objectives- for table purpose, export purpose, making wine and making raisins. Fresh
grapes are a fairly good source of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins.
Famous champagne and other desert wines are prepared from grapes. The ideal climate for
grape is the Mediterranean climate. But it can be successfully grown in sub-tropical region
with proper care and management.

62
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Grape has been successfully cultivated in Mizoram for many decades. The cultivated
variety is Bangalore blue which is ideal for making juice and wine. The cultivation of grape
is confine in small pockets only, therefore, expansion of area will help in increasing the
economic value of the crop. Moreover, setting up of a grape juice extr<strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong>t in the state
has already been proposed for approval by Govt. of India. Thus, increasing the area will help
in higher production and fulfil the requirement of raw materials of the extr<strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong>t.
It is therefore, proposed to cover an area of .3,000 Ha. @ Rs. 60,000/- per ha. totalling
a sum of Rs.1,800 lakhs during the project period of 5 years. 75% of the project cost will be
Govt. share and 25% will be beneficiary contribution in the form of labour. Detail cost
estimate and year wise physical and financial break-up is given at Annexure - III & VII-B
respectively.
ECONOMICS OF GRAPE CULTIVATION IN 1 HA. AREA
Sl.
No.
Particulars 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year & above
1 Cost of cultivation Rs. 60,000/- - -
2 Maintenance - Rs.25,000/- Rs. 45,000/-
3 Production Nil 10 MT 40 MT
4 Minimum sale rate Nil Rs. 10/- per Kg Rs. 10/- per Kg
5 Gross income ( 3 x 4) Nil Rs. 1,00,000/- Rs. 4,00,000/-
6 Net profit ( 5 - 1+2) Nil Rs. 15,000/- Rs. 3,55,000/-
5.3 POTATO :-
Potato (Solanum tuberrosum) is believed to have been introduced in India from
Europe in early 17 th Century. Potato is largely grown in cool regions, where mean
temperature does not normally exceed 18°C. Optimum temperature for Potato growth and
development ranges between 15 and 25°C. Potato is grown as a summer crop in hills and as a
winter crop in tropical and sub - tropical regions of the country.
Potato enjoys a wide range of seasonal adaptability. Potato is grown in Mizoram in
the hill slopes during Kharif season in places above 1300 Mtrs. very successfully. It is grown
only in few areas, with low production it cannot meet the demand of the local consumption.
Since the crop has great demand in the local market, 80% requirement of the state is imported
from neighbouring state. Thus increasing the area will have tremendous scope in meeting the
demand of the local consumption and in uplifting the economy of the poor farmers.
It is therefore, proposed to cover an area of 1,500 Ha. @ Rs. 45,000/- per Ha. totalling
a sum of Rs.675 lakhs during the project period of 5 years. 75% of the project cost will be
Govt. share and 25% will be beneficiary contribution in the form of labour. Detail cost
estimate and year wise physical and financial break-up is given at Annexure - IV & VII-C
respectively.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ECONOMICS OF POTATO CULTIVATION IN 1HA. AREA
1 Cost of cultivation Rs. 45,000/-
2 Production 20 MT
3 Minimum sale rate Rs. 10/- per Kg.
4 Gross income (2x3) Rs. 2,00,000/-
5 Net profit ( 4-1) Rs. 1,55,000/-
5.4 TURMERIC :-
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is used as spice, dye and in cosmetic industry. It is an
erect, perennial herb grown as an annual crop. Turmeric can be grown as a rainfed crop
depending on location. It comes up well under sparse shade also and can be grown as an
intercrop.
The Agro climatic condition of Mizoram is ideal for cultivation of turmeric. The
quality, colour and flavour of turmeric produced in Mizoram is one of the best in the country.
Though Turmeric produced in Mizoram has great demand in the neighbouring state it has
failed to tap the economic potential due to low productivity and cultivation confine to small
areas only. As small cottage industries is on the increase where drying, processing and
grinding of turmeric can be done, there is tremendous scope in increasing the area under
Turmeric.
It is therefore, proposed to cover an area of 1,000 Ha. @ Rs. 30,000/- per Ha. totalling
a sum of Rs.300 lakhs during the project period of 5 years. 75% of the project cost
will be Govt. share and 25% will be beneficiary contribution in the form of labour.
Detail cost estimate and year wise physical and financial break-up is given at
Annexure - V & VII ‘D’ respectively.
ECONOMICS OF TURMERIC CULTIVATION IN 1HA. AREA
1 Cost of cultivation Rs. 30,000/-
2 Production 25 MT
3 Minimum sale rate Rs. 5/- per Kg.
4 Gross income ( 2x3) Rs. 1,25,000/-
5 Net profit (4-1) Rs. 95,000/-
* Potato and Turmeric are short duration crops, hence the cost of cultivation is same as
the 1 st Year, but in case of turmeric the harvest from the 1st year can be <strong>plan</strong>ted insitu in the
2nd year thus minimising the cost of cultivation and increasing the profit in 2 nd year
onwards.

64
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
6. Bamboo Charcoal Kiln :-
Bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) is by far the most abundant natural resources
available in the state and it covers 95% of bamboo forests. Gregarious flowering of bamboo
is a well known phenomenon in the state where all the bamboo flowers and dies. The
immediate impact is danger of fire incidence due to huge stockpile of dry bamboo. Secondary
impact is the out break of famine due to population explosion of rodents. Rodents feed on the
food crops thereby causing heavy loss to the food grain dependent farmers. These present
growing stock of bamboo can be utilised for production of bamboo charcoal and vinegar.
Bamboo charcoal and vinegar are very useful for soil improvement as it contains antibacterial
ingredients like benzoquinne, acetic etc. It can also be used for promoting crop growth,
accelerating its sprout, improving its quality and production. Due to its special tart flavour,
smoke smell, disinfection ability bamboo vinegar can also be used as insect repellent.
Bamboo charcoal and vinegar can substitute chemical pesticide/insecticide and chemical
fertilizers. The technique of production of charcoal/vinegar is simple and can be installed at
any location without much problem. It is proposed to set up charcoal kiln at farmers field
sharing 1 kiln by a group of 10 farmers.
An amount of Rs. 150.00 lakhs is proposed for charcoal kiln @ Rs. 15,000/- per kiln
for a period of 3 years. Detail cost estimate and year- wise financial break up is given at
Annexure - VI & VII ‘E’
7. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT :-
The project is to be implemented by the Department of Horticulture, Mizoram.
Summary of the modalities of execution of the project is framed up as follows :-
i) The Department of Horticulture, Govt. of Mizoram will implement the scheme
to combat famine duely caused by bamboo flowering.
ii) Selection of suitable sites/location and final selection of beneficiaries all will
be done by the Department of Horticulture.
iii) One unit area per beneficiary will be 1 ha.
iv) The Target group will be from the rural areas whose current occupation
depends on jhumming.
v) Any disputes will be settled by Department of Horticulture and will be final
and binding.
The Department of Horticulture will give technical guidance to the beneficiaries so as
to achieve desired level of production and successful implementation of the project.
8. PROJECT COST / FINANCIAL ASPECTS :-
The project is formulated for a period of 5 years i.e. 2004 - 2005, 2005 - 2006, 2006 -
2007, 2007 - 2008 & 2008-2009 for funding from Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India or
any other source as decided by Govt. of India from time to time. 75% of the total project cost
is to be funded by Government and remaining 25% will be contributed by the beneficiaries in
the form of labours etc.

Name of R.D.
Block
65
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Year - Wise break-up of physical and financial target is given in Annexure – VII.
R.D. BLOCK - WISE AREA BREAK-UP ON POTENTIAL BASE
Name of
District
Area (Ha.)
No. of
Househol
d
Annexure - I
Area break-up on Potential base (Ha.)
Passionfruit
Grape
Hill
Turmeric
Potato
Total
Aibawk Aizawl 61,688.00 3,039 200 100 100 - 400
Darlawn -do- 1,03,748.00 4,657 200 - - - 200
Phullen -do- 51,515.00 2,020 200 100 - - 300
Thingsulthliah -do- 87,413.00 6,207 500 - - - 500
Tlangnuam -do- 53,267.00 46,315 200 - - - 200
Ngopa Champhai 89,177.00 3,161 200 100 300 - 600
Khawbung -do- 70,598.00 3,621 500 500 300 - 1,300
Khawzawl -do- 1,58,808.00 12,824 500 1,000 300 - 1,800
Reiek Mamit 93,742.00 2,755 200 - - - 200
W. Phaileng -do- 99,957.00 3,633 - - - 200 200
Zawlnuam -do- 10,8,876.00 5,221 - - - 200 100
E. Lungdar Serchhip 63,200.00 3,447 300 200 200 - 700
Serchhip -do- 78,960.00 6,514 400 100 - - 500
Thingdawl Kolasib 1,30,251.00 11,009 100 100 - - 200
Bunghmun Lunglei 1,38,926.00 2,763 - - - 200 200
Hnahthial -do- 98,539.00 4,524 100 200 - - 300
Lungsen -do- 1,04,629.00 5,689 - - - 200 200
Lunglei -do- 1,11,706.00 12,448 200 100 - - 300
Lawngtlai Lawngtlai 1,30,484.00 5,991 100 100 - - 200
Chawngte -do- 68,635.00 5,769 - - - 200 200
Sangau Saiha 56,591.00 2,405 100 200 300 - 600
Tuipang -do- 1,39,991.00 7,935 - 200 - - 200
21,08,700.00 1,61,974 4,000 3,000 1,500 1,000 9,500

Sl.
No.
66
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure – II
COST ESTIMATE OF CULTIVATION OF PASSIONFRUIT
1 Unit =1 Ha.
Particulars Qnty Rate Amount
A. Government Contribution (75%)
1 Passionfruit seedlings 500 Nos. Re. 1/- Rs. 500.00
2 G.I. Wire (125 SWG) for Trailing Support 7 Qtls. Rs. 4575/- Rs. 32,025.00
3 Wooden Post 200 Nos. Rs. 30/- Rs. 6,000.00
4 Organic Manure 4 Qtls. Rs. 1,200/- Rs. 4,800.00
5 Tools & Implements L.S. L.S. Rs. 1,000.00
6 Transportation of G.I. Wire, wooden post,
manure, <strong>plan</strong>ting materials etc. L.S. L.S. Rs. 675.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 45,000.00
B. Beneficiary Contribution ( 25%)
1 Land Preparation
i) Jungle clearance 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
ii) Burning & removal of debris 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iii) Layout & Pit digging 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
iv) Pit filling with organic manure & soil 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
v) Construction of trailing support 30 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 2520.00
2 Planting of Passionfruit Seedlings 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
3 Intercultural Operation
i) First weeding ( May) 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
ii) second weeding (July) 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1260.00
iii) Third weeding ( September) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iv) Fourth Weeding (Nov.) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
v) Pruning etc. 14 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1176.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 15,036.00
Say Rs. 15,000.00
Grand Total (A+B) = Rs. 45,000.00 + Rs. 15,000.00 = Rs. 60,000.00
Total Govt. Contribution (75%) per Ha. = Rs. 45,000.00
( Rupees forty five thousand) only.

Sl.
No.
67
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure - III
COST ESTIMATE OF CULTIVATION OF GRAPE
1 Unit = 1 Ha.
Particulars Qnty Rate Amount
A. Government Contribution (75%)
1 Grape Rooted Cuttings 400 Nos. Rs. 6/- Rs. 2,400.00
2 G.I. Wire (125 SWG) for Trailing Support 7 Qtls. Rs. 4575/- Rs. 32,025.00
3 Wooden Post 200 Nos. Rs. 30/- Rs. 6,000.00
4 Organic Manure 3 Qtls. Rs. 1,200/- Rs. 3,600.00
5 Tools & Implements L.S. L.S. Rs. 600.00
6 Transportation of G.I. Wire, wooden post,
manure, <strong>plan</strong>ting materials etc. L.S. L.S. Rs. 375.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 45,000.00
B. Beneficiary Contribution ( 25%)
1 Land Preparation
i) Jungle clearance 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
ii) Burning & removal of debris 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iii) Layout & Pit digging 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
iv) Pit filling with organic manure & soil 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
v) Construction of trailing support 30 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 2520.00
2 Planting of grape rooted cuttings 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
3 Intercultural Operation
i) First weeding ( May) 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1680.00
ii) second weeding (July) 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1260.00
iii) Third weeding ( September) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iv) Fourth Weeding (Nov.) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
v) Pruning etc. 14 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1176.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 15,036.00
Say Rs. 15,000.00
Grand Total (A+B) = Rs. 45,000.00 + Rs. 15,000.00 = Rs. 60,000.00
Total Govt. Contribution (75%) per Ha. = Rs. 45,000.00
( Rupees forty five thousand) only.
Sl.
No.
Annexure - IV
COST ESTIMATE OF CULTIVATION OF POTATO
1 Unit = 1 Ha.
Particulars Qnty Rate Amount
A. Government Contribution (75%)
1 Potato seed tubers ( f.o.r Aizawl) 12 Qtls. Rs. 2,200/- Rs. 26,400.00
2 Organic Manure 5 Qtls. Rs. 1,200/- Rs. 6,000.00
3 Tools & Implements L.S. L.S. Rs. 800.00
4 Transportation of seed tubers, organic
manure, handling etc. L.S. L.S. Rs. 550.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 33,750.00

68
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Sl.
No.
Particulars Qnty Rate Amount
B. Beneficiary Contribution ( 25%)
1 Land Preparation
i) Jungle clearance 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1,26000
ii) Burning & removal of debris 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iii) Layout 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iv) Bunding across the slope 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1,260.00
v) Pulverization of soil 20 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1,680.00
vi) Mixing of organic manure & soil 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
vii) Furrowing 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
2 Sowing of seed tubers 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1,260.00
3 Intercultural Operation
i) First weeding & earthing up (April) 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1,260.00
ii) second weeding & earthing up (May) 14 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 11760.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 11,256.00
Say Rs. 11,250.00
Grand Total (A+B) = Rs. 33,750.00 + Rs. 11,250.00 = Rs. 45,000.00
Total Govt. Contribution (75%) per Ha. = Rs. 33,750.00
( Rupees thirty three thousand seven hundred fifty) only.
Annexure - V
COST ESTIMATE OF CULTIVATION OF TURMERIC
1 Unit = 1 Ha.
Sl.
No.
Particulars Qnty Rate Amount
A. Government Contribution (75%)
1 Turmeric seed rhizomes 20 Qtls. Rs. 600/- Rs. 12,000.00
2 Organic Manure 8 Qtls. Rs. 1,200/- Rs. 9,600.00
3 Tools & Implements L.S. L.S. Rs. 500.00
4 Transportation of seed rhizomes, organic L.S. L.S. Rs. 400.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 22,500.00
B. Beneficiary Contribution ( 25%)
1 Land Preparation
i) Jungle clearance 15 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 1,260.00
ii) Burning & removal of debris 5 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 420.00
iii) Layout 5 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 420.00
iv) Terracing across the slope 5 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 420.00
v) Pulverization of soil 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840
vi) Mixing of organic manure & soil 5 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 420.00
vii) Furrowing 5 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 420.00
2 Cutting of seed rhizomes & sowing 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
3 Intercultural Operation
i) First weeding & earthing up (may-June) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
ii) second weeding & earthing up (July-Aug.) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
iii) Third weeding & earthing up (Oct.Nov.) 10 MD Rs. 84/- Rs. 840.00
SUB - TOTAL Rs. 7,560.00
Say Rs. 7,500.00

69
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Grand Total (A+B) = Rs. 22,500.00 + Rs. 7,500.00 = Rs. 30,000.00
Total Govt. Contribution (75%) per Ha. = Rs. 22,500.00
( Rupees twenty two thousand five hundred) only.
Annexure - VI
COSTING SHEET FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF SMALL SCALE UNIT FOR CHARCOAL
KILN
Sl. No. Particulars Qnty Rate Amount
I. Input Components :
1 G.C.I Sheet 8 x 4ft. 1 bundle 2,300/- 2,300.00
2 Iron rod (20 mm) 18 Nos. 165/- 2,970.00
3 G.C.I Sheet (Plain) for Chimney 1 No. 600/- 600
4 Bamboo (6" dia.) 20 ft. long for Vinegar
collection pipe 1 No. 100/- 100
5 Plastic container (50 lit. Cap.) for stocking
vinegar 4 Nos. 575/- 2,300.00
6 Plastic pot for fitting vinegar 2 Nos. 500/- 1,000.00
7 Funnel 2 Nos. 25/- 50
8 Filtare collecting bucket 2 Nos. 150/- 300
9 Paddy Straw L.S. - 250
10 Cost of Brick, etc. L.S. - 1,110.00
TOTAL 11,000.00
II. Work Components :
1 Pit digging for Kiln 5 MD 84/- 420
2 Construction of Kiln including plastering of
Kiln with and mud mixed with chopped
paddy straw
a) Skilled labour 10 MD 149/- 1,490.00
b) Unskilled 10 MD 84/- 840
3 Trial run for Bamboo 4 MD 84/- 336
4 Trial run for vinegar and charcoal 6 MD 84/- 504
5 Other charges L.S. - 4,000.00
G. TOTAL OF 1 & 11 (11,000+4,000) 15,000.00

70
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure - VII
YEAR - WISE PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL BREAK-UP
( Rs. in lakh)
Sl.
No.
Year
Physical
Target
(Ha.)
Financial
Target
Govt. Beneficiary
contribution contribution
(75%) (25%)
A. Passionfruit (Rs. 60,000 Per Ha.)
1 2004 - 05 1,500 900.00 675.00 225.00
2 2005 - 06 1,000 600.00 450.00 150.00
3 2006 - 07 500 300.00 225.00 75.00
4 2007 - 08 500 300.00 225.00 75.00
5 2008 - 09 500 300.00 225.00 75.00
TOTAL OF 'A' 4,000 2,400.00 1,800.00 600.00
B. Grape (Rs. 60,000 Per Ha.)
1 2004 - 05 1,000 600.00 450.00 150.00
2 2005 - 06 1,000 600.00 450.00 150.00
3 2006 - 07 500 300.00 225.00 75.00
42007 - 08 250 150.00 112.50 37.50
5 2008 - 09 250 150.00 112.50 37.50
TOTAL OF 'B' 3,000 1,800.00 1,350.00 450.00
C. Potato ( Rs. 45,000 Per Ha.)
1 2004 - 05 500 225.00 168.75 56.25
2 2005 - 06 500 225.00 168.75 56.25
3 2006 - 07 300 135.00 101.25 33.75
4 2007 - 08 100 45.00 33.75 11.25
5 2008 - 09 100 45.00 33.75 11.25
TOTAL OF 'C' 1,500 675.00 506.25 168.75
D. Turmeric ( Rs. 30,000/- per Ha.)
1 2004 - 05 500 150.00 112.50 37.50
2 2005 - 06 200 60.00 45.00 15.00
3 2006 - 07 100 30.00 22.50 7.50
4 2007 - 08 100 30.00 22.50 7.50
5 2008 - 09 100 30.00 22.50 7.50
TOTAL OF 'D' 1,000 300.00 225.00 75.00
E. Charcoal Kiln @ Rs. 15,000/- per
1 2004 - 05 500 Nos. 75.00 75.00 -
2 2005 - 06 300 Nos. 45.00 45.00 -
3 2006 - 07 200 Nos. 30.00 30.00 -
4 2007 - 08 - - - -
5 2008 - 09 - - - -
TOTAL OF 'E' 100 Nos. 150.00 150.00
G.TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E) - 5,325.00 4,031.25 1,293.75

INTRODUCTION:
71
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & VETERINARY
The State of Mizoram is facing an impending famine predicted to be brought on by
the bamboo flowering phenomenon which for unexplained reason result in the explosion of
the rodent population. They in turn feed on the food grains and practically any edible thing
which grows, thus causing severe food shortage in Mizoram.
The Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department is gearing up to meet the
challenge by preparing various Schemes at a total cost of Rs 39,99,28,650/-. All these
Schemes are proposed to be taken up by the rural population as well as the poorer section of
the urban and semi-urban people. The main aim of the Scheme is to provide a means of
generating income for the poor people who had been dependent on agriculture and other
allied occupation, who will face the brunt of the rodent menace as all their crops will be more
or less destroyed. It is expected that the Government of India will be making the food grains
available, however, with their crops destroyed, the farming community would not have any or
very limited purchasing power. Hence, the proposed Schemes are to raise the purchasing
power of the famine-hit population within the State.
AREA OF OPERATION:
Since the whole State is preparing itself on a war footing, this Department <strong>plan</strong> to
cover the whole State. Out of the 2,50,000 households in Mizoram, 10200 households are
expected to be covered by the A.H. & Vety. trade. The rationale of choosing the beneficiary
under the different schemes will be governed by the suitability of terrain, transportation and
availability of market.
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY:
The A.H. & Vety. Department will be the implementing agency for the Schemes here
proposed. The Department has a well set up infrastructure covering all the eight Districts of
Mizoram with sufficient technical and non technical personnel to successfully implement the
Schemes. Since the success of the Schemes depend on the constant monitoring and
supervision, including animal health care, prophylactic activities and creating marketing
channels, the Schemes need to be integrated with the Animal Husbandry Department’s
activities. Therefore, it is expected that the Department can best handle the Schemes and do
proper justice to it.
JUSTIFICATION:
In combating the Bamboo Flowering Famine, the Government of Mizoram has
proposed for Projects to be implemented for a period of 5 years. It is the obvious expectation
that the Famine will be over during this period. All the Projects under the A.H. &Vety. trade
will mature within one year from the date of the onset of the various schemes. In case of
dairy farming where the animals will only start their productive live at 2 years of age, the
scheme envisages purchase of animals already in milk, so that they will start production from
day-one itself.

72
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The schemes can be taken up even in small farm land with limited farm labour, thus
making it most suitable to Mizoram, and the different scheme will be taken up in such a
manner that there should be marketing problem, as they will be consumed directly by the
beneficiaries themselves and the local population, without having to look for marketing
channel elsewhere.
Feed and fodder will be one of the most prominent constraints in the successful
implementation of the schemes. Therefore, ingredients for the concentrated feeds can be
purchased from outside the State and manufactured at the Feed Plant owned by the
Department, piglets and day-old chicks can be provided to the beneficiaries from the
Departmental hatcheries and Base Pig Breeding Farms.
Even though the Government has envisaged the projects for a period of 5 years, the
schemes under this trade will be self generating and sustainable so that the beneficiaries can
be permanently settled, thus solving the problem of finding alternative livelihood for the
Jhumming families.
TABLE SHOWING SCHEME-WISE REQUIREMENT OF FUND
S.No. Name of Scheme No. of Units Per Unit Cost Total
1 Pig Rearing 6,000 Rs. 36,300/- Rs. 21,78,00,000/-
2 Broiler Bird Farming 2,000 Rs. 41,460/- Rs. 8,29,20,000/-
3 Layer Bird Farming 1763 Rs. 28,320/- Rs. 4,99,28,160/-
4 Dairy Cow Farming 437 Rs. 112770/- Rs. 4,92,80,490/-
TOTAL 10200 Rs. 39,99,28,650/-
STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION:
The Schemes will be fully implemented in a phased manner in a span of 5(five)
years. The implementation will be done in such a way that a selected beneficiary will be
given the full benefit at a time so that the chosen unit has a good chance of being financially
feasible and will earn income for the beneficiary to purchase the necessary food grains. The
Year-Wise break up of the fund required is shown in Annexure V.
THE SCHEMES
PIG REARING SCHEME:
Pig rearing is one of the economic activities which has been in the Mizo tradition
from time immemorial. Thus it is proposed to cover the largest portion under this scheme. Of
the total proposed 10200 households to be covered, 6,000 house holds will be covered under
this trade spread all over the State. Since pigs survive well under Mizoram climatic condition
and can thrive well on kitchen wastes, roots, herbs and shrubs, it is expected that this will
provide a good source of food both for the consumption of the beneficiary as well as for sale
of the animal which will earn them money for purchase of food grains.

73
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Under this trade, each beneficiary family will rear an unit of 3(three) fattening pigs to
be sold at market age, and 1(one) sow for breeding purpose which will provide the off springs
for further rearing, thus making the scheme self-generating and sustainable. The unit cost of
the pig rearing scheme is given at Annexure I. The scheme has taken into account, the initial
cost of pig sty construction, cost of piglets and feeding cost of the pigs till they are marketed
and till the sow farrows. The income and expenditure statement has also been presented in the
Annexure. The Per Unit Cost of the Pig Rearing Scheme is worked out to be Rs 36,300/- and
the Net Income expected to be earned is Rs 30,100/- per year. The Net Income is expected to
be sufficient to meet the financial need of the average Mizo family to meet the expenditures
on food grains.
The required amount for the pig rearing scheme for 6000 units at a cost of Rs 36,300/-
is Rs 21,78,00,000/-Details of the project is presented at Annexure I.
BROILER POULTRY FARMING:
Broiler poultry bird farming is one of the farming activities which give the quickest
returns for the investment made, as they are ready for the market in just eight to ten weeks.
Moreover, since it does not demand harsh labour, the women and even children could be
employed to look after the poultry bird, thus making it a truly family oriented scheme. On the
other hand, broilers require proper feeding with balanced computed ration and also require
some degree of scientific management. Therefore, broiler farming cannot be envisaged in the
far flung areas of the State, but need to be implemented in urban and semi-urban areas, where
transportation facilities are available, and where there will be a market for the poultry birds.
2,000 Units of 200 broiler birds is proposed to be implemented at a unit cost of
Rs.41,460/- which totals to Rs.8,29,20,000/- The cost is inclusive of broiler house
construction, water storage tanks, cost of day old chicks and feed for the first batch of chicks
till they are marketed.
The recurring costs for one year where it is expected that 4 cycles of 200 broilers, that
is 800 broilers works out to Rs 67,600/- The Net profit works out to Rs 44,000/- only. Income
will be generated from sale of the broiler birds and the manure. The detailed projected Unit
Cost can be seen at Annexure II.
LAYER POULTRY FARMING:
Layer farming is a very good means of earning income for the people during the
famine. Although the investment is quite high, the scheme can be taken up by a
comparatively small family with limited labour and farm land. The products, i.e. eggs can be
sold and consumed by the families themselves, thus solving the marketing problem to a great
extent.
The condition for layer poultry farming is similar to the broiler farming. Since it
require a ready market for the eggs and the culled birds, this scheme should be taken up in the
more urbanised areas of Mizoram. Electricity, being one of the most important factors the
success of poultry farming, this can only be taken up where such facility is available. The unit
also needs to be fairly close to the source of day old chicks, therefore they should be located
in areas not too far from the Department Hatcheries.

74
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
For the stated reason, only 1763 units of 100 layers each is being proposed at a total
cost of Rs 4,99,28,160/-where the cost of each unit is estimated to be Rs 28,320/-The
projected cost include construction of layer house, cost of equipment including water storage,
cost of chicks and feed for till they are 22 weeks old, when they start laying. The detailed
projected Unit Cost and the technical assumption can be seen at Annexure-III.
The recurring cost is estimated to be Rs 41,450/- earning a Net Profit of Rs 14,188/-
only from sale of eggs and manure. Other income may be generated from sale of empty
gunny bags and the culled birds.
DAIRY COW FARMING:
Dairy farming scheme can be taken up in the urban, semi-urban and along the
Highway routes of Mizoram, for the sake on transportation, breeding and marketing facilities.
Since milk is an easily perishable item, it is to be immediately consumed or sold, so the farms
needs to be located in the consuming centre itself. Therefore only 437 units of 2 Dairy Cows
each is being proposed at a total cost of Rs 4,92,80,490/-The Per Unit Cost is Rs.1,12,770/inclusive
of the capitalised expenditures and the non-recurring expenditures. The scheme
provides for purchase of two milch animals, construction of byre, feeding equipments and
water tank. Cost of feed for one year and the insurance premium for the first year has also
been capitalised. The recurring expenditures include cost of feed and medicines, water and
electricity charges and insurance fees. The concentrated feeds will be supplemented with
green grasses and fodder tree leaves.
The Net Profit for the first year is estimated at Rs 71,130/- from sale of milk, manure
and empty gunny bags. Other income can be generated from sale of male calves. The details
can be seen at Annexure IV.
ANNEXURE – I
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST FOR PIG REARING
3 FATTENERS AND 1 SOW UNIT
Per Unit project cost Rs. 36,300/-
Rates as per existing local rate in Mizoram
A. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE :
i) Cost of construction of 1 farrowing pen
@ Rs. 100/- per Sq.ft ( 12’ x 6’ ) = 72 sq.ft. : Rs. 7,200.00
ii) Cost of construction of 3 fatterners Pig sty
@ Rs. 100/- per sq.ft. ( 9’ x 6’ ) = 54 sq.ft. : Rs. 5,400.00
iii) Cost of equipments & Utensils
@ Rs. 200/- per kg : Rs. 800.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs.13,400.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

75
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B. CAPITALISED EXPENDITURE:
(To raise foundation stock to farrowing or slaughter age)
i) Cost of foundation stock 4 Nos. of piglets
2 months old @ Rs. 2,000/- per piglet : Rs. 8,000.00
ii) Boar Service charge @ Rs. 500/- : Rs. 500.00
iii) Veterinary Aids Medication, Vaccination etc. L.S : Rs. 1,500.00
iv) Miscellaneous Expenditure ( Electricity, Water overhead
Charges etc . L.S : Rs. 1,380.00
v) Cost of feed for fatterners upto 8 months : Rs. 5,760.00
vi) Cost of feed for sow upto 15 months : Rs. 5,760.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 22,900.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( Rupees twenty two thousand nine hundred ) only.
A. TOTAL INVESTMENT COST :
i.c. A + B = Rs.13,400 + Rs. 22,900.00
= Rs. 36,300.00
( Rupees Thirty six thousand three hundred ) only
D. GROSS INCOME FOR THE FIRST ONE YEAR :
i) Sale of 3 nos. fatterners 90 Kg / fatterner : Rs. 27,000.00
@ Rs. 100/- per Kg. Og meat.
ii) Sale of 9 piglets @ Rs. 2000/- per piglet : Rs. 18,000.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 45,000.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. COST OF EXPENDITURE FOR ONE YEAR :
1) Cost of Feed
a) 2-4 months/ kg/day/head i.e. 60 Kg/ head - Rs. 1920.00
b) 4-8 months 1.5 kg/ day/head i.e. 180 Kg./ head - Rs. 5760.00
c) 8-11 months 2 Kg./day/head i.e. 180 Kg./ head - Rs. 1440.00
d) 11-15 months 2.5 Kg/ day/head i.e. 300 Kg./ head - Rs. 2400.00
2) Boar Service charge @ Rs. 500/- - Rs. 500.00
3) Veterinary aids, medicine, vaccines etc. L.S - Rs. 1500.00
4) Electric and water charges L.S - Rs. 1380.00
------------------------------------
TOTAL - Rs. 14900.00
------------------------------------
F. NET INCOME ( FOR THE FIRST YEAR ) :
i.e. D- E = Rs. 45000.00 – Rs. 14900.00
= Rs. 30,100.00
( Rupees thirty thousand one hundred ) only

76
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ASSUMPTION AND TECHNICAL NORMS:
1. Gastation period : 114 days.
2. Weaning age : 2 months / 60 days.
3. Successive pregnancy : 30 days after weaning of piglets.
4. Average No. of Piglets per furrowing ( litter size ) : 9 piglets/ sow.
5. Sale price of weaned piglets : Rs. 2000/- per piglet.
6. Mortality upto 2 months : 15 %
7. Sale price of empty gunny bags : Rs. 5/- per bag.
8. Sale price of manure : Rs. 50 /- per quintal.
9. Cost of Feed : Rs.8 /- per Kg.
10. Feed consumption from 2 – 4 months : 1 Kg./ head / day.
11. Feed consumption from 4- 8 months : 1.5 Kg./ head / day.
12. Feed consumption from 8 – 11 months : 2 Kg./ head/ day
13. Feed consumption from 11 months onward : 2.5 Kg./ head / day
14. Average body weight of adult sow : 150 Kg.
15. Sale price of Pig meat : Rs. 100 Kg.
16. Cost of insurance : 5% original cost.
17. Productive life : 6 years after attaining sexual maturity
18. Number of furrowing during productive life : 10 Nos. per sow.
19. Boar service charge : Rs. 500/-
20. Age of sexual maturity : 11 months.
21. Floor space requirement for Sow : 72 Sq.ft./ sow.
22. Floor space requirement for fatterners : 18 Sq.ft. / one fattenner.
23. Construction cost of pen : Rs. 100/- per Kg. of feed.
24. Cost of feed : Rs. 8.00 per Kg. of feed.
25. Land : Considered available free of cost.
ANNEXURE – II
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST FOE BROILER POULTRY
BIRDS FARMING OF 200 BROILER UNIT
Per unit project cost Rs. 41,460.00
Rates as per existing local rate in Mizoram.
A. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE:
1) Construction of Broiler House of 17’ x 12’ to
accommodate 200 Broilers
@ Rs. 65/- per Sq. ft. : Rs. 13,260.00
2) Construction o water Storage Tank L.S : Rs. 2,000.00
3) Electrification – wiring with service
Connection L.S : Rs. 2,000.00
4) Cost of equipments – feeding trough, : Rs. 2,000.00
watering trough etc. @ Rs.10/- per bird.
------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 19,260.00
------------------------------------------------

77
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B. CAPITALISED EXPENDITURE :-
( To raise 200 numbers of Broilers to market age / 8 weeks )
1) Cost of Day old chisk 220 chicks due to
Mortality rate @ Rs. 25/- per chick : Rs. 5,500.00
2) Cost of litter @ Rs. 0.50 per bird : Rs. 100.00
3) Veterinary Aids, Medicines, Vaccination,
Minerals, Vitamins etc . @ Rs. 5/- per bird : Rs. 1,000.00
4) Cost of Feed – 6 Kg/ bird @ Rs. 13 per Kg. : Rs. 15,600.00
---------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 22,200.00
---------------------------------------------
C. TOTAL INVESTMENT COST ( A+ B) : Rs. 19,260.00 + Rs. 22,200.00
= Rs. 41,460.00
( Rupees forty one thousand four hundred sixty ) only.
D. GROSS INCOME ( For the first production cycle at 8 weeks ) :
1) Sale of 200 Broilers ( approx. weight )
1.5 Kg. per bird @ Rs.90/- per Kg. = Rs. 27,000.00
2) Sale of manure 1,000 Kg. 2 Rs. 90/- per Qtl. = Rs. 900.00
-----------------------------------------------
TOTAL = Rs. 27,900.00
------------------------------------------------
For one year i.e., 4 production cycles
27,900.00 x 4 = Rs. 1,11,600.00
( Rupees One lakh eleven thousand six hundred ) only.
E. COST OF EXPENDITURE FOR ONE YEAR :
1) Cost of concentrated feed @ Rs. 13/ per Kg.
800 Broilers shall be produced at
4 production cycles. (800 x 6 x 13) : Rs. 62,400.00
2) Cost of litter for 4 production cycles
@ Rs. 0.50 per bird (800.0.50 ) : Rs. 400.00
3) Veterinary Aids Medicines, Vaccines etc
@ Rs. 5 per bird for 4 production cycles : Rs. 4,000.00
4) Water and electricity charges
@ Rs. 1.00 per for 4 production cycles : Rs. 800.00
-------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 67,600.00
-------------------------------------------------
( Rupees sixty seven thousand six hundred ) only.
F. NET PROFIT FOR FIRST ONE YEAR ( D – E )
i.e. Rs. 1,11,600.00 – Rs. 67,600.00 = Rs. 44,000.00
( Rupees forty four thousand ) only.

78
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
G. COST OF EXPENDITURE FOR THE SECOND YEAR ( Four production Cycle )
1) Cost of Day old chicks 80 chicks due to : 22,000.00
mortality rate @ Rs. 25/- per chick.
2) Cost of litter @ Rs. 0.50 per bird
i.e. 200 x 4 x 0.50 : 400.00
3) Veterinary Aids, Medicines, Vaccine etc
@ Rs. 5/- per bird i.e. 200 x 4 x 5 : 4,000.00
4) Water & Electricity Charges @ Rs. 1/- per bird
i.e. 200 x 4 x 1 : 800.00
5) Cost of Feed @ Rs. 61 per bird for four production
cycle i.e. 200 x 4 x 13 x 6 @ Rs. 13/- per Kg. : 62,400.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : 89,600.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H. GROSS INCOME FOR THE SECOND YEAR ( four production cycle )
1) Sale of 800 nos. of broilers approximate weight
1.5 kg/ bird @ Rs. 90/- per Kg. i.e. 800 x 1.5 x 90 1,08,000.00
2) Sale of Manure 4000 Kg ( 40 Qtl) @ Rs. 90/- per Qtl.
i.e. 40 x 90 : 3,600.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 1,11,600.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. NET PROFIT FOR THE SECOND YEAR ( H-G)
i.e., Rs. 1,11,600.00 – 89,600.00 = Rs. 22,000.00
( Rupees twenty two thousand ) only.
Note: It assume that the account statement for the 3 rd year, 4 th year and 5 th year will
be the same to that of the second year, so long as the strength of bird is kept constant.
ASSUMPTION AND TECHNICAL NORMS
1) Cost of day Old Chick : Rs. 25 per chick.
2) Mortality rate : 10 percent.
3) Floor space required ; 1 Sq.ft. per bird.
4) Feed consumption : 6 Kg. per bird.
5) Average body weight : 1.5 Kg. per bird at 8 weeks.
6) Feed price : Rs. 13 per Kg.
7) Manure production : 5 Kg. per bird.
8) Sale of Manure : Rs.90 per qtl.
9) Selling price of bird : Rs.90 per Kg.
10) Land : Considered available free of cost.

79
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ANNEXURE – III
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST FOR LAYER POULTRY FARMING OF
100 LAYERS UNIT
Per Unit project cost Rs. 28,320/-
Rates as per existing local rate in Mizoram
A. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE:
1) Construction of 1 Nos. of Layer House of
9’ x 12’ to accommodate 100 Layers
@ Rs. 65/- per Sq. ft. : Rs. 7,020.00
2) Construction of Water storage tank L.S : Rs. 3,000.00
3) Electrification – wiring with service
Connection L.S : Rs. 2,000.00
5) Cost of equipment – Feeding trough, watering
Trough etc. Rs.10/- per bird : Rs. 1,000.00
-------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 13,020.00
-------------------------------------------
B. CAPITALISED EXPENDITURE :-
( To raise 1000 numbers of Layers to point of lay i.e. 22 weeks of age )
i) Cost of Day chick ( 110 chicks due to
mortality rate 2 Rs.25/- per chick i.e. 110 x 25 : Rs. 2,750.00
ii) Cost of litter @ Rs. 0.50 per bird : Rs. 50.00
iii) Cost of Vaccines, medicine, Vitamins,
Minerals etc. @ Rs. 5/- per bird : Rs. 500.00
iv) Cost of Feed from 0-22 weeks i.e. 10 Kg / bird
@ Rs. 12/- per Kg. L.S : Rs. 12,000.00
---------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 15,300.00
---------------------------------------------
C. TOTAL INVESTMENT COST ( A + B ); Rs. 13,020.00 + Rs. 15,300.00
= Rs. 28,320.00
( Rupees twenty eight thousand three hundred twenty ) only.
D. GROSS INCOME THE FIRST YEAR :
a) Sale of eggs 180 eggs per bird @ Rs.3.00 per egg : Rs.54,000.00
b) Sale of 1820 kg. of manure @ Rs. 90 per qtl. : Rs. 1,638.00
--------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 55,638.00
--------------------------------------------

80
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
E. COST OF EXPENDITURE FOR THE FIRST YEAR:
a) Cost of chick mash @ 2 kg per bird ( 0-8 weeks)
@ Rs. 12 per kg. i.e. 100 x 2 x 12 : Rs. 2,400.00
b) Cost of grower mash @ 5 kg per bird (8-20 weeks )
@ Rs.12/- per Kg. 100 x 5 x 12 : Rs. 6,000.00
c) Cost of layer mash @ 27 kg. per bird : Rs. 32,400.00
( for 224 days ) i.e. 100 x 27 x 12
d) Cost of Minerals, vitamins, medicines etc.
@ Rs. 5/- per bird : Rs. 500.00
e) Cost of litter @ Rs. 0.50 per bird : Rs. 50.00
f) Water and electricity charge @ Re. 1/-
Per bird month : Rs. 100.00
---------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 41,450.00
---------------------------------------------------------
F. NET INCOME FOR THE FIRST ONE YEAR:
i.e., D – E = Rs.55,638.00 - Rs. 41,450.00
= Rs. 14,188.00
( Rupees fourteen thousand one hundred eighty eight ) only.
G. COST OF EXPENDITURE FOR THE SECOND YEAR:
1) Cost of replacement stock, 110 chicks
Due to mortality rate @ Rs.25/- per chick. : Rs. 2,750.00
2) Cost of feed from 0-22 weeks @ 10 Kg. per bird
@ Rs.12/- per Kg. i.e. 100 x 10 x 12 : Rs. 12,000.00
3) Cost of litter @ Rs.0.50 per bird .i.e. 100 x 0.50 : Rs. 50.00
4) Cost of vaccine, medecine, vitamin etc.
@ Rs. 5/- per bird i.e. 100 x 5 : Rs. 500.00
5) Cost of layer Mash for 6 months @ 120g./layer/ day
@ Rs. 5/- per bird i.e. 100 x 5 : Rs. 25,920.00
6) Water & electricity charge @ Rs. 1/- per bird / month
i.e. 100 x 1 x 12 : Rs. 1,200.00
----------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 42,420.00
----------------------------------------------
H. GROSS INCOME FOR THE SECOMD YEAR:
1) Sale of 180 eggs per bird @ Rs.3/- per egg
i.e. 100 x 180 x 3 : Rs. 54,000.00
2) Sale of 1820 Kg. ( 18.20 Qyls.) of Manure
@ Rs. 90/- per quintal i.e. 18.20 x 90 : Rs. 1,638.00
3) Sale of culled bird at the end of laying
i.e. at the end the second year approx. weight 2 Kg
@ Rs.80 /- per Kg. i.e. 100 x 2 x 80 : Rs. 16,000.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 29,218.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

81
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
I. NET PROFIT FOR THE SECOND YEAR ( H- G ):
i.e. Rs. 71,638.00 – Rs. 42,420.00 : Rs. 29,218.00
( Rupees twenty nine thousand two hundred eighteen ) only.
Note: The account statement of layer for the 3 rd , 4 th , & 5 th year will remain more or
less the same as that of the second year, as the production and procurement of
a new flock of bird will be a regular phenomenon in the farm operation.
ASSUMPTION AND TECHNICAL NORMS
1) Cost of Day Old Chicks : Rs. 25/- per bird.
2) Mortality Rate of chick : 10 percent.
3) Floor space required : 1 Sq.ft. per bird.
4) Age flock at when first egg is laid : 160 days.
5) Age flock at 50% hen-day egg production : 180 days.
6) Age of flock at peak hen – day egg production : 217 days.
7) Feed price : Rs.12/- per kg.
8) Selling price of eggs : Rs.3/- per egg.
9) Manure production : 18.20 Kg/ bird.
10) Sale of manure : Rs. 90 /- per quintal.
11) Land : Considered available.
ANNEXURE – IV
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST FOR
DAIRY COW FARMING OF TWO (2) COWS UNIT
Per Unit Project cost Rs. 1,12,770/-
Rate as per existing local rate in Mizoram.
A. NON – RECURRING EXPENDITURE:
1. Construction of Byre ( Cowshed ) and
feed Godown @ 50 Sq.ft. floor / Cow
@ Rs. 200 per Sq.ft. for two cows. : Rs. 20,0000.00
2. Cost of Water Storage Tank L.S. : Rs. 3,000.00
3. Cost of equipments i.e. watering trough, milk can,
Basin etc. @ Rs. 1125/- per cow : Rs. 2250.00
---------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 25,250.00
---------------------------------------------------------

82
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B. CAPITALISED EXPENDITURE:
1. Cost of two dairy Cows @ Rs. 30,000/- : Rs. 60,000.00
(including transportation)
2. Veterinary Aids, Medicines, Vaccination,
Breeding charge etc.
@ Rs. 500/- per cow per year : Rs. 1,000.00
3. Cost of Feed for one year @ Rs.3 Kg/ cow/ day,
@ Rs. 10/- per Kg. conc. : Rs. 21,900.00
4. Insurance premium @ 6.5% of original cost
for 2 Nos. of Cow. : Rs. 3,900.00
5. Water & Electricity charges
@ Rs. 30 per cow per month : Rs. 720.00
---------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 87,520.00
---------------------------------------------
C. TOTAL INVESTMENT COST:
i.e. A + B = Rs. 25,250.00 + Rs. 87,520.00 = Rs. 1,12,770.00
( Rupees one lakh twelve thousand seven hundred seventy ) only.
D. GROSS INCOME ( FOR THE FIRST ONE YEAR ):
1. Sale of 5400 lits. Of Milk
Average 10 Lits./ animal / day for 270 days
@ Rs. 18 per lit. of Milk : Rs. 97,200.00
2. Sale of manure ( Cowdung )
@ Rs. 250 per cow per year : Rs. 1,000.00
3. Sale of empty Gunny bags
@ Rs. 10. Per Bag : Rs. 450.00
----------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 98,650.00
----------------------------------------------
( Rupees ninety eight thousand six hundred fifty ) only.
E. COST OF EXPENDITURE FOR ONE YEAR : (to be continued by the beneficiary)
1) Cost of concentrated feed @ 3 Kg/ cow/ day
@ Rs. 10/0 per Kg. for 365 days for 2 Cows : Rs. 21,900.00
2) Cost of Veterinary Aids, medicines, etc.
@ Rs. 500/- per animal per year : Rs. 1,000.00
3) Water & Electricity charge
@ Rs. 30 per animal per month : Rs. 720.00
4) Insurance premium @ 6.5 % of original
Cost for two cows : Rs. 3,900.00
-----------------------------------------------------
TOTAL : Rs. 27,520.00
-----------------------------------------------------
( Rupees twenty seven thousand five hundred twenty ) only.

83
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
F. NET INCOME (FOR FIRST ONE YEAR):
i.e. D – E = Rs. 98,650.00 - Rs. 27,520.00
= Rs. 71,130.00
( Rupees seventy one thousand one hundred thirty ) only.
Note: Assuming the farmer maintaining the same strength of the herd and at the same
production trend, the account statement of 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th year will be more or less
the same.
ASSUMPTION AND TECHNICAL NORMS
1. Cost of one Dairy Cow : Rs. 30,000.00
2. Floor space : 50 sq.ft. per cow.
3. Feed consumption : 3 Kg. concentrate 25 Kg. fodder per cow per day
4. Feed price : Rs. 10/- per Kg. ( concentrate feed )
5. Selling Price of milk : Rs. 18 per litre.
6. Manure Production : 5 tonnes per animal per year.
7. Sale of Manure : Rs. 250 per tonne.
8. Location period : 270 days per year.
9. Average dry period : 95 days.
10. Land : Considered available free of cost.

84
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS
Background:
Flowering of bamboo is a botanical enigma. The factors responsible for flowering are
yet to be understood fully. Nearly all bamboo seems to have their own life history and most
of them flower once in lifetime and die after flowering; subsequently regenerate from seeds.
When all bamboo clumps flower simultaneously in a vast area, it is known as
gregarious flowering e.g. Melocanna baccifera (Muli), Dendrocalamus longispathus,
Bambusa tulda etc. and when few clumps in a clump or few clumps in a locality
flower, it is known as sporadic flowering e.g. Bambusa balcooa (Bholuka), Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii (Kako) etc.
Historical evidence:
Extract from: MILITARY REPORT ON THE CHIN-LUSHAI COUNTRY by Col. E.B.
Elly, Asst. Quarter Master General.
“1881….Shortly after this the pressure of famine began to be felt, and three principal chiefs,
Poiboi, Khalkom, and Lalhai, met and agreed to a cessation of hostilities, and at once sent
men into the Cachar district to obtain supplies of food.
The famine arose from the depredations of rats, who multiplied exceedingly the
previous year owing to the ample food they obtained from the seeding of the bamboos.
About 18,000 maunds of rice and 2000 maunds of paddy were imported from Cachar, and the
British Government expended about Rs.1240 on famine relief of which about 1040 were
recovered from sales to traders.”
Extract from: THE LUSHAI HILLS (culled from History of the Frontier Areas Bordering on
Assam from 1883-1941) - Sir Robert Reid, Governor of Assam, 1937-1942.
“The partial failure of crops in 1910-11 as an
indirect result of the flowering of the bamboos was
followed by serious scarcity all over the district.
The effect of this flowering was to cause a
tremendous increase in number of the rats, who
destroyed all crops.”
Bamboo Flowering - North-East Scenario:
The last gregarious flowering of Muli
bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) in Mizoram,
Tripura and Barak valley of Assam was recorded in
1959, which was followed by a severe famine in
those areas that left a fear psychosis in the minds of
people. About 26,614 sq. km. Bamboo area spread
over the states of Mizoram, Tripura, Manipur and
parts of Assam & Meghalaya are likely to be
affected by this phenomenon of gregarious
flowering in the years 2005-2007. The epicenter of
above flowering will be the state of Mizoram.
Mautam
(M. baccifera) (B. tulda)
---- 1880-1884
1910-1912 1928-1929
1958-1959 1976-1977
2005-2007* 2024-2025*
* Expected

85
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The records of bamboo flowering in the state of Mizoram date back to 1880. In this
state, the flowering is divided into two categories based on the bamboo species viz.; Mautam
(Melocanna baccifera) and Thigtam (Bambusa tulda & Dendrocalamus longispathus). Both
these categories have been found to occur at regular intervals of roughly 47 to 50 years. The
gap between a Thingtam and Mautam is 30 years while that between a Mautam and the
following Thingtam is 18 years.
Introduction:
Bamboo forms an important renewable resource in the State of Mizoram covering a
sizeable area of about 31% of the geographical area of the State. The precious resource could
not be commercially tapped till now mainly for want of adequate infrastructure development
and market linkage for export of Bamboo products in the form of handicrafts, building
material and a variety of utility products. In the absence of any Bamboo based industry in the
State a large quantity of Bamboo stock has so far remained unutilized. A small quantity of
Bamboo is harvested through annual Mahals and Permit system for supply to Cachar Paper
Monitorable Targets for the Tenth Plan and
Beyond – Planning Commission
• Reduction of poverty ratio by 5
percentage points by 2007 and by 15
percentage points by 2012;
• Providing gainful high-quality
employment to the addition to the
labour force over the Tenth Plan period;
• All children in school by 2003; all
children to complete 5 years of schooling
by 2007;
• Reduction of gender gaps in literacy
and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007.
• Reduction in decadal rate of population
growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%;
• Increase in Literacy rate to 75% within
the Plan period;
• Reduction of infant mortality rate
(IMR) to 2 per 1000 live births by 2007
and to 1 by 2012.
• Increase in forest and tree cover to
25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012.
• All villages to have sustained access to
potable drinking water within the Plan
period;
• Cleaning of major polluted rivers by
2007 and other notified stretches by 2012.
Mill, a unit of Hindustan Paper
Corporation, Government of India,
located at Panchgram in Hailakandi
District of Assam.
About 20 Bamboo species have
been recorded from the State of which
Melocanna baccifera (Hindi: Muli, local
name: Mautak) alone contributes more
than 90% of the total growing stock as
per the forest inventory carried out by
the Resources Survey Division of the
State’s E&F Department. Mautak is a
non-clump forming Bamboo, thin
walled, small in size and hollow while
there
are few thick walled and bigger
Bamboos like Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii (Phulrua), D.giganteus
(Rawpui), D.sikkimensis (Rawmi),
D.strictus (Tursing) and Bambusa tulda
(Rawthing). These thick walled species
are clump-forming, occurring in small
proportion, yet economically important
as raw material for specialized value
added products such as Bamboo floor
board, roofing, furniture, toys and
handicrafts and for construction
purposes. In the adjoining States of

86
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Assam and West Bengal, these thick walled bamboos fetch as much as Rs. 40-50 each.
Proper industrial utility of Mautak as also other thick-walled Bamboo species have not been
established in the State.
Bamboo sector development in the State has immense potential in alleviating poverty
in the rural areas as bamboo raw material supports a variety of cottage as well as other agrobased
industries. Bamboo shoot processing units, besides being a substitute to timber, forms a
value added product that is in demand in other countries. In order to promote commercial
cultivation of Bamboo for the benefit of rural poor, high yielding thick walled bamboos need
to be raised both in farm sector and in the Government sector on crash basis. Muli / Mautak is
expected to mass seed by 2007 when the entire growth will perish and the next crop of Muli /
Mautak will be available only after 4-5 years.
Objectives:
2.1 To encourage commercial cultivation of economically important Bamboo species in
the farm sector as a source of livelihood.
2.2 To increase productivity of Bamboo to ensure sustained supply of raw material for
cottage industries, Bamboo shoot processing units for value added export items and as
a substitute to wood in-construction activities.
2.3 To produce large quantity of quality seedlings of high yielding known Bamboo
species through tissue culture (wherever possible) and vegetative propagation for
meeting the <strong>plan</strong>ting material requirement of farmers and forest department.
2.4 To rehabilitate the traditional jhum cultivators on a sustained productive farming
through Bamboo cultivation for improving their socio-economic condition.
2.5 To minimize the pressure on natural forests for timber by producing big thick walled
Bamboos for construction purposes.
2.6 To popularize use of eco-friendly Bamboo for house construction in the earthquake
prone region of Northeast.
2.7 To harvest the Muli bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) before it flowers and perishes so
as to fetch maximum possible revenue for the State’s exchequer.
Bamboo Action Plan Strategy:
The Action Plan to combat gregarious flowering of Bamboo is envisaged to prepare
the people especially in the rural areas to tide over the likely socio-economic problems and
comprises of the following main components such as infrastructure development, bamboo
extr<strong>action</strong> & enumeration, rodent control, regeneration of flowered areas through farm sector
and Departmental bamboo <strong>plan</strong>tations and research aspects.
The overall Bamboo Action Plan Strategy is at Annexure – 1.
3.1 Infrastructure development:

87
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
3.1.1. Construction of bamboo extr<strong>action</strong>/link road:
A huge growing stock of bamboo is located in areas accessible neither by road nor by
river. However, the bamboo can be harvested and transported to the main road by
constructing makeshift semi-permanent roads and through ropeway trolleys.
3.1.2. Development of river course for transportation of bamboo:
Being characterised by hilly topography, there are numerous streams in the State. In
their natural states, these streams are not perfectly suitable for transportation of bamboo by
floating down the rafts. However, improvements of these river courses by blasting of jutting
rocks, removal of fallen trees etc., could make it suitable as a convenient extr<strong>action</strong> channel
for bamboo. It is proposed to develop the major rivers of the State for floating of bamboos.
3.1.3. Establishment of bamboo collection centres:
There are four major outlets in the State for transportation and sale of bamboo.
Kanhmun is located at the north-western border having feeder extr<strong>action</strong> channel by
Langkaih river and by Serhmun – Kanhmun road. Bairabi lies at the confluence of Tlawng,
Teirei and Tut rivers. It is also connected by road from Kolasib and has a major link with the
border district of Cachar in the State of Assam through railroad. Vairengte is another outlet
along the national highway NH54. Another important outlet is located near the Tuirial Hydro
Power Plant along Tuirial river. Likewise, a common centre can be established at Tlabung on
the river Kolodyne to facilitate export of Muli bamboo to Bangladesh.
It is imperative that bamboo collection centres be established at these locations so as
to maintain control and check on the movement of Bamboo outside the State. Bamboo depots
have to be developed and established for stocking and sale and booms will be constructed at
suitable locations along the major rivers. Besides, some staff quarters and check gates will
also be constructed at suitable locations to regulate and monitor movement of bamboo.
An amount of Rs. 520.25 lakhs is proposed for development of infrastructures.
Details at Annexure – 2.
3.2. Bamboo enumeration and extr<strong>action</strong>:
3.2.1 Inventory of bamboo resource:
Forest Survey of India did bamboo
Resource Survey a decade ago in 1991 & 1992.
However, this report is quite old for
preparation of current Action Plan. A quick
resource assessment reveals that around 5.83
MT bamboo will be available. Bamboo
resource inventory of the Divisions have been
prepared. Mapping of Muli bamboo bearing
areas is under way. Past gregarious flowering
areas records are not available. For these
reasons Bamboo resource inventory is very
essential which includes field survey and
compilation of field data, publishing of report,
development of bamboo map and proposal for
road development for exploitation.
State Bamboo Bamboo
growing growing
area stock
(sq km) (mil. tons)
Mizoram 6446 25.26
Assam 8213 13.41
Arunachal 4590 9.84
Manipur 3692 11.47
Meghalaya 3102 4.41
Tripura 939 0.86
Nagaland 758 3.66
Total 30504 54.53

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
3.2.2 Emergency <strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong> for extr<strong>action</strong> of bamboo:
As already indicated, Melocanna baccifera forms about 90% of the total bamboo
growing stock in Mizoram. It covers nearly 31% of the total forest cover in the state. That
much quantity of wealth is now heading for spontaneous decay in the form of gregarious
flowering and death of the whole population. The need of the hour is large-scale extr<strong>action</strong>.
The ongoing system of bamboo mahal plays an insignificant role in extr<strong>action</strong> and sale of
bamboo to the Hindustan Paper Corporation as against the huge growing stock available in
the State. This is due mainly to the difficult terrain and inadequacy of major river system.
Most of the bamboo areas are located in the interior areas posing a big problem of extr<strong>action</strong>.
It is proposed to take up construction and development of routes for extr<strong>action</strong> of bamboo
from such interior places. Semi-permanent roads may be constructed in areas devoid of
navigable streams. Wherever there exist streams, development of the river course for floating
down the bamboo may be taken up. Bamboo collection centre needs to be established at each
of the outlets for maintaining control and supervision.
Demarcation of annual coupes and enumeration of all Muli bamboo areas will be
done to facilitate extr<strong>action</strong> on scientific lines.
Estimate for Bamboo enumeration and extr<strong>action</strong> is at Annexure – 3.
3.3. Regeneration of Flowered Bamboo Areas
Sporadic flowering and then gregarious flowering is the characteristic of most of the
bamboo species. It flowers profusely and the bamboo dies after flowering. The mechanism
for the timing of flowering and dying is a phenomenon not yet understood. It is one of
nature’s baffling mysteries.
Following mass seeding, there is a huge proliferation of new <strong>plan</strong>ts (seedlings) on the
ground and this is highly susceptible to fire and grazing. Besides, while harvesting the dead
and dry bamboos, there is every danger of trampling the young seedlings. It is therefore
necessary to accord maximum protection to a large chunk of the flowered area. For others,
the flowering provides an opportunity for undertaking <strong>plan</strong>tation of other native bamboo
species which are in greater demand.
In the case of Mizoram, the area break-up for regeneration measures would be as
follows: -
Geographical area of the State: 21,087 sq km
Bamboo forests : 6447 sq km (31% of geographical area)
Area expected to be affected
by gregarious flowering : 5100 sq km (80%)
Area accessible for extr<strong>action</strong> : 1200 sq km (25%)
Area required for <strong>plan</strong>ting : 360 sq km (30% of 1200 sq km)
In Forest area (75%) : 270 Sq.km

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
3.4. Departmental bamboo <strong>plan</strong>tation:
During the 9 th Plan, an area of 1500 ha degraded forest was treated under Bamboo
Plantation using the Joint Forest Management principles. In the 10 th Plan, an area of 6430 ha
degraded forest has been earmarked for Bamboo Plantation under the FDA arrangements to
be implemented by the VFDCs at the village level.
In addition, bamboo <strong>plan</strong>tation over an area of 27000 ha flowered area would be taken
up by <strong>plan</strong>ting economically valuable species viz. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii,
D.longispathus, D. strictus, Bambus tulda and B.bambos by the Department of Environment
& Forests.
3.5. Bamboo Research:
Very little research has been
done on Bamboo flowering despite
the fact that the phenomenon is well
known and much feared in the region
as a harbinger of famine and other
related disaster. Whatever little
research has been done is confined to
academics by Universities and do not
really address the enigma associated
with gregarious flowering. Even the
linkage between rodent upsurge and
mass seeding of bamboo is yet to be
fully comprehended. Fundamental
researches on bamboo physiology,
biochemistry, anatomy, ecology and
classification are required. This can
be taken up on priority by the coming
up of Advanced Research Centre on
Bamboo & Cane in Aizawl under the
aegis of Rain Forest Research
Institute, Jorhat, a regional unit of
Indian Council of Forestry Research
& Education, Government of India.
Besides, the value addition aspects
including bamboo shoot processing
and the nutrition contents need to be
analysed. Market studies also need to
be conducted.
Bamboos of Mizoram
S/N Scientific name Local name Status
1 Bambusa khasiana Rawte Common
2 B longispiculata Rawthing Less common
3 B oliveriana Talan Less common
4 B tulda Rawthing Common
5 B vulgaris Vairua Introduced
6 Chimonobambusa
collosa
Phar Common
7 Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii
Phulrua Very common
8 Dendrocalamus Rawlak/ Less common
hookeri
Rawkhauh
9 D. longispathus Rawnal Very common
10 D. sikkimensis Rawmi Common
11 D. strictus Tursing Introduced
12 D. spp Ankuang Endemic to
Mamit
13 Dinochloa
compactiflora
Sairil Very common
14 Gigantochloa Rawthing Common
albociliata tial
15 Melocanna
baccifera
Mautak Very common
16 Pseudostachyum
polymorphum
Chal Rare
17 Racemobamboos
mannii
Saiman Rare
18 Schizostachyum
capitatum
Rawngal Common
19 Schizostachyum Rawthla Common
dulloa
20 Sinarundinaria
intermedia
Lik/
Thothek
Common
3.6. Implementing Agency:
Environment and Forest Department will be the Nodal Agency for implementation of
the Action Plan. All the Territorial DFOs with their field staff shall render necessary
assistance for successful implementation of the programme. At the village level the Village
Council President, NGOs, Social Workers, Women representatives and Foresters will be the
members.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
3.7. Project Cost and Funding:
The project is formulated for a period of five years (with maintenance upto the 4 th
year) and includes overheads to meet exigencies that may arise during implementation of the
programmes. The proposed financial outlay for 2004 – 2005 is Rs.333.30 lakhs, 2005 – 2006
is Rs. 853.97 lakhs, 2006 – 2007 is Rs. 867.97 lakhs and 2007-08 is Rs 644.58 lakhs and
2008-09 is Rs. 548.55. The total physical targets and financial outlays including maintenance
cost in the 5 th , 6 th , 7 th and 8 th year Rs 3756.83 lakhs.
Year-wise details of physical targets and financial outlays under different item of
works are shown in Annexures – 4,5&6.
3.8. Expected Returns:
Under cultivated conditions
Bamboo is quite remunerative, as
rhizomes will mature in the 4 th year itself,
while seedling origin crop will be ready
for harvesting from 6 th year onwards. On
an average 5 culms per clump would be
available on maturity. Going by current
rate, it is estimated that one hectare of
<strong>plan</strong>tation with 500 nos. of clumps will
yield around 2500 nos. of mature culms
from 6 th year onwards giving a return of
Rs. 62,500/- per hectare per year for
about 30 to 50 years till flowering.
Plantation of 100 numbers will generate
an income of Rs. 12,500/- per year and
200 numbers will provide Rs.25,000/- per
year. The sale rate of mature bamboo is
estimated at Rs. 25/- per culm after
meeting harvesting and tending expenses.
And the farmers will earn more income
once the Bamboo based industries are set
up for value addition items like
Joint Forest Management (JFM)
• JFM guidelines first issued in June, 1990
by Govt. of India.
• Today over 63,618 VFCs with 28 lakh
families, covering an area of of 14 mha
forest land in 27 States [as on 31.3.2002].
• Revised guidelines issued on February
2000 to give legal identity to VFCs,
stipulates more involvement of women.
JFM in Mizoram
• State government resolution passed in
1998.
• Forest Development Agency (FDA)
resolution passed in 2002.
• 19 FDA projects currently under
implementation.
• 270 nos VFDCs in place at present.
manufacture of reconstituted wood, floor board and penal products etc.
During the gestation period of 5-6 years farmers can grow vegetables, fruit crops like
papaya, passion fruit, medicinal <strong>plan</strong>ts, cereals, mulberry and fodder <strong>plan</strong>ts for dairy
development etc. within the inter-spaces. Edible Bamboo Dendrocalamus asper with
potential international market for processed shoots could also be cultivated in the inter-spaces
for generating quick returns. Maintenance cost of Bamboo clumps after maturity is
practically negligible except cleaning of unhealthy, broken and damaged culms at the time of
harvesting. Due to the minimum maintenance expenses bamboo cultivation on commercial
lines seems quite remunerative.
It is expected that implementation of the proposed Action Plan will provide large
scale employment to the local people thereby improving their economic status, thereby
turning the much dreaded gregarious bamboo flowering into one of an opportunity.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure – 1
OVERALL TARGET FOR BAMBOO DEVELOPMENT
1. Creation of bamboo nursery: Production of sufficient seedlings every year in
10 Territorial Forest Divisions, 3 District
Councils and 1 Bamboo Development Cell.
Creation of 14 bamboo nurseries. 80 beds each
in 10 Territorial Forest Divisions, 50 beds each
in 3 District Councils and 50 beds in 1 Bamboo
Development Cell.
2. Creation of bamboo <strong>plan</strong>tation: Creation of 27,000 ha. of bamboo <strong>plan</strong>tation
distributed over four years project period.
(1,68,75,000 bamboo <strong>plan</strong>ts @ 625 <strong>plan</strong>ts per
hectare) distributed over four years project
period.
3. Infrastructure development: 1. Bamboo extr<strong>action</strong> link roads – overall length
60 kms @ Rs. 7.00 lakhs per km (SoR PWD).
2. Construction of ropeways at convenient places
for bamboo extr<strong>action</strong>.
3. Development of 10 navigable river courses for
bamboo extr<strong>action</strong> by rafting.
4. Construction of booms at 5 major rivers.
5. Construction of check gate cum site office at 5
locations and two residential quarters each at 5
locations.
4. Extr<strong>action</strong> costs Demarcation of annual felling coupes including
enumeration etc.
Annexure – 2
ESTIMATE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
1. Link road – overall 60 kms length @ Rs. 7.00 lakhs
per km as per SoR PWD(LS) = Rs. 420.00 lakhs
2. Installation of portable ropeways at convenient
places for bamboo extr<strong>action</strong> (LS) = Rs. 30.00 lakhs
3. Development of 10 navigable major rivers for bamboo
extr<strong>action</strong> by rafting @ Rs. 3.00 lakhs each. = Rs. 30.00 lakhs
4. Construction of booms at 5 major rivers
@ Rs. 1.00 lakhs each = Rs. 5.00 lakhs
5. Construction of check gate cum site office at
5 locations @ Rs. 2.05 lakhs each = Rs. 10.25 lakhs
6. Construction of two Staff quarters each at 5 locations
@ Rs. 2.50 lakhs each. = Rs. 25.00 lakhs
TOTAL: = Rs. 520.25 lakhs

92
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure – 3
ESTIMATE FOR COST OF BAMBOO EXTRACTION
1. Demarcation of annual felling coupes at 10 Forest Divisions (number of felling
coupes demarcated being variable as per availability
of bamboo growing stock in a division) = Rs. 2.50 lakhs
2. Bamboo enumeration in demarcated felling coupes = Rs. 7.50 lakhs
TOTAL: = Rs. 10.00 lakhs
Sl.
No.
1
Annexure – 4
DETAIL ESTIMATE FOR CREATION OF 1 STD BED BAMBOO NURSERY
SITE DEVELOPMENT:
Name of works
Note:
• Expected seedlings to be produced per bed = 700 nos
• Seedlings required for 1 ha. <strong>plan</strong>tation = 625 nos
• Seedlings reserved for casualty replacement per ha. = 75 nos
Annexure -5
DETAIL ESTIMATE FOR CREATION OF 1 HECTARE BAMBOO PLANTATION
A. CREATION OF PLANTATION.
Manday
required
(nos)
Rate per
manday
(Rs)
Amount
required
per ha.
(Rs)
Clearing of nursery site, arranging raised bed,
howeing of beds, filling polypot bags with earth
and manure etc.
10 84 840
2 Cost of seeds and polypot bags.
LS 250
3 Necessary weeding, watering, fencing etc.
LS 310
Sl.
No.
Name of works
TOTAL:
Manday
required
(nos)
Rate per
manday
(Rs)
1400
Amount
required
per ha.
(Rs)
Remarks
Time of
operation
1 ADVANCE WORK:
a) Survey and demarcation with mapping LS 196 Jan - Feb
b)
Site development - area clearance, burning,
debris collection and firelines etc.
Soil & moisture conservation - check dams,
11 84 924 Feb - April
c) contour trenches, gully plugging, diversion
ditches, pallisades, fencing etc.
Creation of <strong>plan</strong>tation - linning & stacking, digging
3 84 252 Whole year
d)
pits, preparation of <strong>plan</strong>ting materials,
transportation of seedling to <strong>plan</strong>tation site, camp
shed, signboard etc.
13 84 1092 May - August
2 WEEDING:
a) First weeding. 6 84 504 May - June
b) Second weeding. 6 84 504 Aug - Sept
c) Third weeding. 6 84 504 Nov - Dec
d) Fourth weeding. 5 84 420 Jan - Feb
3
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES:
Fireline cutting, contolled burning etc. 2 84 168 Jan - Feb
TOTAL:
4564

93
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B. FIRST YEAR MAINTENANCE.
Sl.
No.
1
2
WEEDING:
Name of works
C. SECOND YEAR MAINTENANCE.
Sl.
No.
D. THIRD YEAR MAINTENANCE.
E. FOURTH YEAR MAINTENANCE.
GRAND TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E): Rs. 9,016.00
……………….
Manday
required
(nos)
Rate per
manday
(Rs)
Amount
required
per ha.
(Rs)
Time of
operation
a) First weeding. 8 84 672 May - June
b) Second weeding. 8 84 672 Aug - Sept
c) Third weeding. 7 84 588 Nov - Dec
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES:
Fireline cutting, contolled burning etc. 3 84 252 Jan - Feb
TOTAL:
2184
1 WEEDING:
Name of works
Manday
required
(nos)
Rate per
manday
(Rs)
Amount
required
per ha.
(Rs)
Time of
operation
a) First weeding. 5 84 420 May - June
b) Second weeding. 4 84 336 Aug - Sept
c) Third weeding. 4 84 336 Nov - Dec
2 FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES:
Fireline cutting, contolled burning etc. 3 84 252 Jan - Feb
TOTAL:
1344
Sl.
No.
Name of works
Manday
required
(nos)
Rate per
manday
(Rs)
Amount
required
per ha.
(Rs)
Time of
operation
1 WEEDING:
5 84 420 Sept - Oct
2 FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES:
Fireline cutting, contolled burning etc. 3 84 252 Jan - Feb
TOTAL:
672
Sl.
No.
Name of works
1 FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES:
Manday
required
(nos)
Rate per
manday
(Rs)
Amount
required
per ha.
(Rs)
Time of
operation
Fireline cutting, contolled burning etc. 3 84 252 Jan - Feb
TOTAL:
252

94
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
DETAILED PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL OUTLAYS
Annexure - VI
Item of work Sub-component 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012 2012-2013 Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Advance work Nursery 10000 140.00 7000 98.00 5000 70.00 5000 70.00 378.00
Creation Planting 10000 456.4 7000 319.48 5000 228.2 5000 228.2 1232.28
1st year maintenance 10000 218.4 7000 152.88 5000 109.2 5000 109.2 589.68
2nd year maintenance 10000 134.40 7000 94.08 5000 67.2 5000 67.2 362.88
3rd year maintenance 10000 67.2 7000 47.04 5000 33.6 5000 33.6 181.44
4th year maintenance 10000 25.2 7000 17.64 5000 12.6 5000 12.6 68.04
Sub-total 140.00 554.40 607.88 585.48 498.68 248.64 118.44 46.20 ### 2812.32
Infrastructure Link Road (in kms) 120.00 150.00 150.00 420.00
Development Ropeway (LS) 10.00 20.00 30.00
Waterways (10 rivers) 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00
Booms (5 rivers) 5.00 5.00
Checkgate/site office(5nos) 5.00 5.25 10.25
Staff quarters (5nos) 10.00 15.00 25.00
Sub-total 160.00 200.25 160.00 520.25
Bamboo Demarcation of Coupes 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 2.50
Extr<strong>action</strong> Enumeration 2.50 2.50 2.50 7.50
Sub-total 3.00 3.50 3.00 0.50 10.00
Total 303.00 758.15 770.88 585.98 498.68 248.64 118.44 46.20 ### 3342.57
Research Research & Training 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 40.00
Capacity building 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 40.00
Overheads (10% of above) 30.30 75.82 77.09 58.60 49.87 24.86 11.84 4.62 1.26 334.26
Grand Total 333.30 853.97 867.97 664.58 568.55 273.50 130.28 50.82 ### 3756.83
TOTAL FUND REQUIREMENT
Total financial outlay of the Project = Rs. 3757.00 lakhs

95
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
FISHERIES
COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN ON BAFFACOS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
FISHERIES IN MIZORAM
1. Aims &
Objectives:-
CHAPTER – I
PROJECT PROFILES
1) To produce fish flesh for food and earning income by
augmenting table size fish production so as to substitute and
combat the damage of standing crops etc during the Bamboo
flowering and famine.
2) Thereby generating additional employment for the villagers
by way of construction of fish farms in the private sector and
offering permanent employment to about 8,000 families on
individual family basis and 400 villages (2000 families/
community basis)
3) Finally to reduce financial burden of the Government by way
of generating sources of income to meet the cost of food grain
and cereals by the individual fish farmers.
2. Area of Entire state of Mizoram
operation:-
3. Physical time 5yrs. Starting from 2004-2005 to 2008-2009
frame:-
4. Project Target:- (a) To renovate and supply inputs viz:- fish seeds, fish feed etc
covering 1200hectare of pond in the private sector for the 1 st
year.
(b) To develop 400 Ha of new community ponds in 400 villages
including supply of inputs for the first year.
(c) To develop 400 Ha of individual new ponds in the private
sector including supply of inputs for the 1 st year.
(d) To train up a cadre of 10,000 fish farmer from both existing and
new fish ponds comprising of community and individual fish
farmers.
(e) To create Marketing assets like installation of Ice Plants/Cold
Storage, introduction of refrigerated/insulated van, providing
insulated boxes/deep freezer to retailer etc in the private sector
by providing 25% subsidy under the scheme to the private
entrepreneurs, dovetailing 25% marginal amount (borrower’s
share) and 50% Bank loan.

96
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
5. Project cost:- Rs.2000.00 lakhs (20.00 crores)
6. Details of
Financial
Target:-
(1) Renovation/reclamation of existing ponds in
the private sector including supply of first
year inputs (2000Ha)
(2) Development of new community ponds in the
private sector including supply of 1 st year
inputs (500Ha)
(3) Development of new individual ponds in the
private sector including supply of 1 st year
inputs (500Ha)
(Note:- Item (1)(2)(3) unit cost are as per approved
unit cost of Govt. of India for Tribal & Hill areas
under Central Sponsored scheme on Development
of Fresh Water Aquaculture.
(4) Cost of Training for a cadre of 10,000
farmers as per Govt. of India’s norms under
Extension & Training
(5) Marketing assets (25% subsidy to the private
entrepreneurs under the scheme.
(6) Administrative cost and contingency (L.S)
TOTAL:-
6. Estimated existing water area under fish farming at the end of
2003-2004 including anticipated new water area during 2004-
2005:-
7. Targeted water area under Fish farming (pond culture) at the end
of 2008-2009 through BAFFACOS
8. Estimated production level only from culture sector at the end of
2003-2004 including anticipated production level at the end of
2004-2005
9. Targeted production level at the end of 2009 A.D through
BAFFACOS
10. Present Annual Gross Financial return from pond culture sector at
the end of 2003-2004 including estimated production of 2004-
2005 @ Rs.70/- per Kg of fish
11. Anticipated Annual Gross Financial return from culture sector at
the end of 2008-2009 through BAFFACOS @ Rs.80/-per Kg of
fish
12. Additional Gross Financial gain owing to implementation of
BAFFACOS at the end of 2008-2009.
:-Rs.270.00lakhs
:- Rs.660.00lakhs
:- Rs.66.00lakhs
:- Rs.200.00 lakhs
:-Rs.200.00 lakhs
Rs.10.00 lakhs
Rs.2000.00 lakhs
2400 Ha
3200 Ha
2900 M.T
8700 M.T
Rs.2030.00 lakhs
Rs.6960.00 lakhs
Rs.4930.00 lakhs

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
CHAPTER – II
2. BACKGROUND:-
2.1 According to the available sources it is believed that the gregarious flowering
of bamboo is synchronised with the sudden increase of rodent population,
thereby causing famine in Mizoram. The next outbreak of bamboo flowering
is expected during 2005-08 AD, which has opined that the mass flowering
may induce the upsurge in rodent population, and damage the standing crops.
During such catastrophic period Aquaculture could play a vital role in
providing food and income source to the inhabitants of the region since
aquaculture is a safe method of growing fishes, crustaceans (Fresh water
Prawn) etc. in water which is considered free from rodent’s attack. Fish is also
a reliable source of food during famine to replenish the agricultural products.
Therefore, it is felt imperative to produce sufficient fish flesh for food as well
as earning income for the farmers as an alternative to the damage of standing
crops during such period to bear the cost of food grain and cereals from
outside sources.
2.2 In order to combat impending disaster it is also imperative to train the farmers
adequately to boost per hectare production by using modern fish farming
technology.
2.3 Also, to get adequate price of the fish produces proper Marketing arrangement
has to be made involving private entrepreneur so that the fish produces reach
the market in hygienic condition and fetch optimum price.
2.4 Finally to overcome any crop failure due to natural calamity it is also
necessary that each unit of fishery project under the scheme may be insured
under any of the National Insurance Companies.
2.5 AN OVERVIEW OF MARKETING SCENERIO:-
2.5.1 With the present production of fishes from the states own sources it has been
possible to meet on the 3.01kg of fish per capita against 10.22kg when
calculated at the recommended scale of Nutritional Committee of Govt. of
India.
2.5.2 In fact with the present production level the export status of fishes from the
state is nil to the bordering/states as per official record. However, as per
statement of certain farmers in Bilkhawthlir, Buhchang, Saiphai, Vairengte,
Kanhmun, Zawlnuam etc villages it appears that sometimes fish traders of
Silchar and Karimganj area(Assam) come to the aforesaid villages and collects
the products by payment of Rs.40-50/- per Kg of fish at the pond site by
engaging the outside traders’ own fishermen. These catches after getting
properly ice-packed at Silchar and Karimganj again come to the markets of
Mizoram and sold at the rate of Rs.80-90/-kg of fish. Thereby though
apparently some quantity of locally produced fishes are exported to Silchar
and Karimganj, again they are imported back to the markets of Mizoram.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
2.5.3 In respect of import of fishes from outside a survey was conducted by the
Department of Fisheries in various markets of Aizawl city during various
months from January to December 2001. The survey revealed the following
findings in respect of import of fish to Aizawl market only from outside
sources:-
• Every week 220-280 cases of fishes come from outside source, each case
containing 80-90kg of fishes (mostly from A.P).
• Thus the weekly import and disposal of fish from Aizawl city alone is
about 11.7 M.T involving a trans<strong>action</strong> of Rs.11.70 lakhs weekly.
2.5.4 Elasticity of Demand:- While discussing about Elasticity of Demand, as per
market survey it could be arrived at that during the circumstances of drastic
fluctuation of price of fishes in the market the responsiveness of demand of
fish fluctuates only by 15-20% either in positive or negative direction. This
fluctuation in the demand could easily be eliminated when there is a well
established Marketing network as proposed in the scheme.
2.6 AVAILABLE RESOURCES AND PRESENT STATUS:-
Mizoram has as good as 24,000 ha which is potential for fishery development.
Though the potentiality is immense, but due to paucity of Plan fund allocation
so far 2400 ha has been developed for fish culture (mainly ponds & tanks)
which is managed by around 5000 nos of small and marginal fish farmers
involving in fish farming is about 7500nos of ponds/tanks. Besides the state
has another 6,000 ha of water area in the form of Rivers/Streams spread over
1,750 kms of Riverine stretch. The present level of fish from both culture and
Riverine sector is estimated to be to the tune of 3000 M.T.
For a projected population of 12.60 lakhs in Mizoram by the end of
2008-2009 the fish flesh requirement is estimated at 12,877 M.T per annum
for consumption assuming a per capita consumption of 10.22kg. However,
considering fisheries as ways and means for earning livelihood during the
famine the fish production in culture sector has to be augmented by increasing
per hectare stocking density of fish seeds @ 15,000 nos of fingerlings and
also by adopting to intensive fish culture method in all available culturable
water areas besides bringing in new water areas under fish farming on
community/village basis and individual farmer basis.

99
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
CHAPTER – III
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:-
3.1. The project aims at renovation/reclamation of 1200 ha of existing fish ponds and
bring it under fish culture besides creating another 800 ha of new water areas (culture sector)
by construction and supply of inputs like fish fingerlings, fish feed etc for fish culture
covering about 8,000 families under intensive fish farming over a period of five years (2004-
2005 to 2008-2009) to substitute and combat the damage of standing crops during Bamboo
flowering and famine by augmenting fish flesh production.
3.2. To train up a cadre of 10,000 farmers in fish culture.
3.3. To create Marketing assets like installation of Ice Plants/Cold Storages(small
capacity) introduction of insulated vans for transportation of fishes, providing
insulated boxes to the retailer etc in the private sector thereby generating direct
employment for another cadre of 2,500 families in the Marketing venture.
3.4. PROJECT PATTERN:-
The project has 5(five) components and pattern of assistance for each component are
discussed below
3.4.1 Renovation and reclamation of existing ponds:-
(a) As has been discussed under Project Profile 1200Ha of water area from the
existing ponds will be taken up under Renovation and reclamation including
supply of 1 st year inputs.
(b) The unit cost for reclamation/renovation of ponds will be Rs.60,000/- per Ha
water area as per approved pattern of assistance under Govt. of India under
Centrally Sponsored Scheme, Development of Fresh Water Aquaculture as
shown under Annexure – I. However, for this purpose only 25% of the amount
with a maximum ceiling of Rs.15,000/-ha will be given to the farmers in cash
against progress of work.
(c) The unit cost for 1 st year input is proposed to be @ Rs.30,000/- per Ha which
will include cost of lime, fish seed, fish feed etc. The unit cost is as per
approved norm of Govt. of India under Development of Fresh Water
Aquaculture(CSS) as shown under Annexure – I. However, 25% of the unit
cost with a maximum ceiling of Rs.7500/- Ha will be given in kind to the
farmers as inputs.
3.4.2 Development of new Community pond on Community/ Village level:-
(a) Under the scheme 400Ha of water area will be brought for community pond/
village pond fish culture.

100
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
(b) The unit cost for construction of new community pond is proposed at Rs.3.00
lakhs per Ha water area and cost of 1 st year input @ Rs.30,000/- per Ha as per
approved norm of Govt. of India (Annexure – I). For this purpose since the
construction of ponds will be new the assistance towards construction shall be
50% of the Unit cost with the maximum limit of Rs.1.50 lakhs per Ha for
construction and Rs.15,000/- worth in kind in the form of inputs.
(c) The unit cost for development of Community pond i.e. Rs.3.00 lakhs/Ha and
the pattern of assistance is the same as stated under Para 3.4.2(b)
3.4.3 Development of individual new ponds in the private sector:-
(a) 400Ha of water area will be brought under for fish culture by constructing new
individual pond.
(b) The per Hectare Unit cost for construction of new pond is proposed at Rs.3.00
lakhs per/ha water area and the cost of first year input is Rs.30,000 as per
Govt. of India’s pattern of unit cost for construction of new pond as shown in
Annexure – I . The pattern of assistance is the same as proposed under Para
3.4.2(b)
3.4.4. Marketing assets:-
(a) The scheme is proposed to be implemented purely on entrepreneurs basis in
the private sector. It is proposed to meet 25% of the cost of the individual
marketing unit as per project cost to be submitted by the entrepreneur in due
course. However, the proposed pattern of assistance is 25% subsidy, 25%
borrowers contribution and 50% Bank loan.
(b) Besides it is also proposed to repair and renovate the existing marketing assets
available with the Department a per details shown below:-
(1) Ice Plant-cum-Cold Storage at Bawngkawn.
(2) Ice Plant-cum-Cold Storage at Kolasib
(3) Ice Plant at Bilkhawthlir
(c) Thus a lump sum provision of Rs.2.00 crores has been proposed under
Marketing sector.
(d) For entrepreneurship in Marketing scheme the entrepreneur must have
adequate knowledge viz.:- Transport/ warehousing/ wholesale/retail sale etc
respectively.
3.4.5 Training of farmers:-
(a) Each selected fish farmers will be provided stipend @ Rs.100/-per day during
the training period of 15days and actual to and fro transport cost as per Govt.
of India’s norm under Extension & Training scheme.
(b) For training purpose the farmer must be an active farmer holding fish farmer’s
Identity Card issued by the Fisheries Department, Mizoram.

101
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
(c) Therefore, an average of Rs.2000/- per trainee farmer has been considered in
the scheme.
3.4.6 Selection criteria:-
For selection of fish ponds the maximum ceiling for water areas is 1 hectare
and the minimum is 0.2 ha. Ponds/sites incapable of impounding a minimum
of 0.2 ha water spread ware shall not be covered under the project. For
selection of community ponds the maximum ceiling for water area is 1 hectare
and the minimum is 0.5 ha.
3.5 WORKING PLAN:-
3.5.1 Managing Board and Departmental Monitoring Cell:- The Managing Board
for the project will be constituted as per the guidelines of the State
Government as and when it is instructed. However, the Departmental
Monitoring Cell is proposed to be constituted with the following members for
smooth implementation and successful achievement of the scheme:-
Departmental Monitoring Cell:-
(1) Chairman:- Secretary of Fisheries Department,
Govt. of Mizoram
(2) Vice Chairman:- Director/Joint Director of Fisheries
Govt. of Mizoram.
(3) Nodal Officer: - Deputy Director of Fisheries and
Member Secretary,
Govt. of Mizoram
(4) Nodal Office and Headquarter Staff(Technical):-
Directorate of Fisheries, Mizoram, Aizawl:-
1) FEO – 2nos
2) JE – 1no
3) FD – 3nos
(5) Members:- All District Fisheries Dev. Officers/
Asst. Director of Fisheries,
Mizoram
3.5.2 As stated earlier under Aims & Objectives that the project aims at bringing
2,000 hectare of water area (new and existing) under fish culture covering at
least 8000 families in a phase manner over a period of 5 years, it is proposed
to execute the scheme in line with the following Working Plan.
3.5.3 New technically feasible and economically viable sites shall be identified in
cluster through Departmental Technical Staff and Officers involving Village
Councils and NGOs in order to avoid future complications.

102
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
3.5.4 Sites capable of impounding water spread area of 0.2 hectares and above shall
only be considered and recorded by the identifying team comprising of
Departmental staff, Village Councils and NGOs after verifying the sites at the
spots.
3.5.5 The identified list of such intending farmers should be submitted to the
District Fisheries Development Officer of the concerned District by the Circle
Officer within the month of April for every year till the terminal year i.e.2008-
2009.
3.5.6 Thereby District Fisheries Development Officers shall prepare consolidated
report after thorough scrutiny of the identified list of beneficiaries submitted
by the Circle Officers and forward the same to the Directorate of Fisheries
with recommendation and certificate of genuineness for final selection.
3.5.7 The Directorate of Fisheries after receiving recommended lists from all
District Fisheries Development Officers shall arrange final selection in order
of merit through a Board to be constituted under the guidelines of the State
Government.
3.5.8 After final selection, selected list of beneficiaries along with required fund
shall be forwarded and released to the respective District Fisheries
Development Officer for execution.
3.5.9 The entire process of identification and final selection of beneficiaries shall be
completed within the month of September in order to offer ample time to the
selected beneficiaries to complete construction work during dry season of the
year i.e. October onwards.
3.5.10 The selected farmers shall be given proper training for construction/renovation
of fish ponds as well as modern technology of fish farming before starting the
venture and the technology of intensive composite fish culture shall be
resorted to. For this purpose Fishery Department shall organize the training
and demonstration for the selected farmers. Adequate fund would be provided
under the scheme for the Training purpose.
3.5.11 For release of subsidy in cash for construction/ renovation/ reclamation of
pond the beneficiaries shall first complete 50% of the work under supervision
of the respective Circle Officer (Fishery Extension Officer) preferably within
the period of two months. After completion of 50% of work and on production
of a certificate duly issued by the Circle Officer, 50% of the subsidy
component in cash for construction (being first instalment) shall be released.
The remaining 50% of subsidy in cash i.e. second instalment shall be released
after 100% completion of the work by the beneficiaries under supervision and
on production of completion certificates from the Circle Officer as stated
above. However, the entire construction should be completed within a period
of two months from the date of release of first instalment.

103
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
3.5.12 After satisfactory and successful completion of the construction/renovation/
reclamation of the pond, inputs shall be issued to the beneficiaries free of cost
for the first year. Delivery of inputs shall be made cluster-wise at the
respective villages.
3.5.13 While issuing instalment of cash subsidy for construction/ renovation/
reclamation of ponds and inputs free of cost, separate Agreement Bonds
should be executed by the beneficiary to the effect that beneficiary shall utilise
the amount in cash and inputs in kind for the purpose for which it is granted by
the Government. For any breach of such agreements on the part of beneficiary,
it shall make him liable to return the entire amount to the Government with an
interest of 12% per annum.
3.5.14 Monitoring and evaluation of the programme shall be done by the respective
District Fisheries Development Officer under the intensive supervision of the
Monitoring Cell at the Headquarter (Directorate of Fisheries, Mizoram)
utilising the Circle Officers and other Field Staff available with the Circle
Officer. For this purpose, quarterly report on growth checking and
maintenance of farm should be collected by the Circle Officer and forward the
same to the respective District Fisheries Development Officer for further
submission to the Monitoring Cell (HQ) and necessary <strong>action</strong>.
3.5.15 Harvesting of fishes shall be done only after completing a rearing period of
minimum 12 months. Harvest report/production report should be submitted by
the individual beneficiary duly certified by respective Village Council
President to the Circle Officer of the concerned area. The Circle Officer shall,
thereby furnish the consolidated harvest report to the respective District
Fisheries Development Officer for the concerned Circle for further submission
to the Monitoring Cell (HQ).
4. PHYSICAL TARGET:-
CHAPTER – IV
4.1 In line with the aims and objectives of the project, 2000 hectare of water area
has to be brought under fish farming covering at least about 8000 families
over a period of five years (2004-2005 to 2008-2009).
4.2 Accordingly, it is proposed to develop the targeted water area, its
corresponding beneficiaries and achieve the District-wise Targets etc as per
year-wise details shown below:-

104
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
TABLE – A
YEAR-WISE TARGET OF WATER AREA FOR DEVELOPMENT:-
Water area to be covered under fish No.of Beneficiaries to be
farming
covered
Sl
No.
Year
Constructi
on of new
fish ponds
(Communi
ty/individu
al)
Existing
Indivi-dual
ponds for
renovation/
reclamation
Total
New
ponds
Existin
g pond Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. 2004-2005 120 Ha 180 Ha 300 Ha 480 720 1200
2. 2005-2006 160 Ha 240 Ha 400 Ha 640 960 1600
3. 2006-2007 200 Ha 300 Ha 500 Ha 800 1200 2000
4. 2007-2008 200 Ha 300 Ha 500 Ha 800 1200 2000
5. 2008-2009 120 Ha 180 Ha 300 Ha 480 720 1200
TOTAL:- 800 Ha 1200 Ha 2000 Ha 3200 4800 8000
4.3 TARGET OF DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER AREA FOR
DEVELOPMENT:-
Water area for development:
TABLE – B
Renovation/reclamation of existing New Community / village ponds
water area (in Ha)
(in Ha)
Year Districts Districts
Aizawl LungleiChhimtuipui
Total *AizawlLunglei*Chhimtuipui
Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2004-05 108 36 36 180 36 12 12 60
2005-06 144 48 48 240 48 16 16 80
2006-07 180 60 60 300 60 20 20 100
2007-08 180 60 60 300 60 20 20 100
2008-09 108 36 36 180 36 12 12 60
TOTAL 720 240 240 1200 240 80 80 400
(* Note:- Aizawl District means undivided Aizawl District & Chhimtuipui District means
undivided Chhimtuipui District

TABLE – B Contd.:-
105
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
New individual ponds (in Ha) Total water area (in Ha)
Year
Aizawl
Districts Districts
LungleiChhimtuipui
Total *AizawlLung*Chhimlei
tuipui
Grand
Total
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2004-05 36 12 12 60 180 60 60 300
2005-06 48 16 16 80 240 80 80 400
2006-07 60 20 20 120 300 100 100 500
2007-08 60 20 20 120 300 100 100 500
2008-09 36 12 12 60 180 60 60 300
TOTAL 240 80 80 400 1200 400 400 2000
4.4 DISTRICT-WISE TARGET FOR TRAINING OF FARMERS
Training of Farmers:-
TABLE – C
No. of farmers to be trained up
Year Aizawl Lunglei Chhimtuipui Total
District District District
1 2 3 4 5
2004-2005 900 300 300 1500
2005-2006 1200 400 400 2000
2006-2007 1500 500 500 2500
2007-2008 1500 500 500 2500
2008-2009 900 300 300 1500
TOTAL:- 6000 2000 2000 10,000
4.5 DISTRICT-WISE TARGET FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING
ASSETS.
As the Marketing sector is purely an entrepreneurship based involving
subsidy component, marginal money and Bank loan the physical target and the
financial target will solely depend on involvement of the individual
entrepreneur. Also since the assets has to created corresponding to the
production, the entire physical and financial target is shown below under Table
– D in percentage basis. Thus a lump sum of Rs.200.00 lakhs has been taken
into account for which a separate D.P.R may be submitted in due course after
completing the remaining field study in the sector.

106
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
TABLE – D
Physical & Financial targets in Marketing sector in percentage basis:-
Year Aizawl
District
Physical (in percentage) Financial (Rs.in lakhs)
Lunglei
District
Chhimtuipui
District
Total Aizawl
District
Lunglei
District
Chhimtuipui
District
Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2004-05 6% 2% 2% 10% 24.00 8.00 8.00 40.00
2005-06 10% 3% 3% 16% 40.00 12.00 12.00 64.00
2006-07 12% 4% 4% 20% 48.00 16.00 16.00 80.00
2007-08 14% 5% 5% 24% 56.00 20.00 20.00 96.00
2008-09 18% 6% 6% 30% 72.00 24.00 24.00 120.00
TOTAL 60% 20% 20% 100% 240.00 80.00 80.00 400.00
4.6 With the increase of new additional water area under fish farming, the year
wise estimated production level including the present production of table size
fish from culture sector is targeted as per details shown below under Table-E.
For this purpose the anticipated average production per Hectare is considered
at 2700-3000kg/ha/yr. Besides, since the water area under the BAFFACOS
project will come under production after one year of renovation/ reclamation/
construction, the additional fish flesh production will effect from 2005 – 2006.
TABLE – E
Year-wise estimated production of fish (culture sector):-
Sl
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
G. CHAPTER - V
Year
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
5. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT:-
5.1 COST STRUCTURE:-
Estimated yearly production (Level)
including the present production (culture
sector)
6800 M.T
7000 M.T
7500 M.T
8200 M.T
8700 M.T
5.1.1 The cost structure for various activities are shown as follows.

107
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
5.1.2 Renovation/reclamation of existing ponds including cost of 1 st year input:-
(a) Renovation/reclamation
@ Rs.60,000/-per Hectare
25% of Unit cost (1000Ha) Rs.180.00lakhs
(b) 1 st year input viz:- fish seed, fish
feed etc @ Rs.30,000/-per Ha,
25% of Unit cost (1000Ha) Rs.90.00lakhs
5.1.3 Development of new community
ponds in private sector including
supply of 1 st year inputs:-
(a) Construction of new community
Ponds @ Rs.3.00 lakhs/Ha,
50% of Unit cost (400Ha) Rs.600.00lakhs
(b) 1 st year inputs @ Rs.30,000/-Ha
50% of Unit cost (400Ha) Rs.60.00lakhs
5.1.4 Development of new individual ponds
in the private sector including supply
of 1 st year inputs:-
(a) Construction of new individual ponds
@ Rs.3.00lakhs/Ha,
50% of Unit cost (400Ha) Rs.600.00lakhs
(b) 1 st year inputs @ Rs.30,000/-Ha,
50% of Unit cost (400Ha) Rs.60.00lakhs
5.1.5 Training cost of farmers
@ Rs.2,000/-per Farmer trainee
(10,000 farmers) Rs.200.00lakhs
5.1.6 Cost of providing Marketing assets
(25% subsidy to the private
entrepreneurs under the scheme.
A lump sum provision has been reflected). Rs.200.00lakhs
5.1.7 Administrative and contingency cost
5% (Rounded to L.S) Rs.10.00 lakhs
TOTAL:- Rs.2000.00lakhs
5.1 YEAR-WISE TARGET OF FINANCIAL INVOLVEMENT
The year-wise details of the financial involvement is shown below under
Table – F. (Details of Financial Investment Schedule is shown separately
under Chapter VIII).

108
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Year-wise target of Financial involvement:-
Year
Renovation/
reclamation
of existing
water area
Construction
of
new
community
ponds
TABLE – F
FINANCIAL TARGET
Construction
of
new
individual
ponds
Farmer’s
Training
cost
Cost of
Marketing
assets
Administrative
and
contingency
cost
(Rs.in lakhs)
Total
1 2 3 4 6 7 8
2004-
2005
40.50 99.00 99.00 30.00 30.00 1.50 300.00
2005-
2006
54.00 132.00 132.00 40.00 40.00 2.00 400.00
2006-
2007
67.50 165.00 165.00 50.00 50.00 2.50 500.00
2007-
2008
67.50 165.00 165.00 50.00 50.00 2.50 500.00
2008-
2009
40.50 99.00 99.00 30.00 30.00 1.50 300.00
T.T. 270.00 660.00 660.00 200.00 200.00 10.00 2000.00
CHAPTER – VI
6. FINANCIAL RETURN: -
6.1 The scheme will start its implementation during 2004 – 2005 and the
production of fish will start its impact after one year of rearing period i.e. from
2005 – 2006 onwards. Before introduction of the scheme the fish production
level from culture sector alone is estimated at 2900 M.T at the end of 2003-
2004 with 5,000 farmers engaged in this venture. The gross income per family
comes to Rs.40,000/- per annum from their fish ponds when calculated @
Rs.70/- kg of fish.
6.2 With launching of this special scheme under BAFFACOS it is expected that
the per Hectare production of fish flesh will increase at least upto 2.5 – 3 M.T
per Ha/year against the presently estimated production of 1.4 M.T per Hectare.
6.3 The details of financial return and gross earning depicting the increasing trend
owing to the implementation of BAFFACOS is shown under TABLE – G. For
this purpose the production target has been calculated at the minimum rate of
2.7M.T per Hectare of pond water area which could be augmented to even
4M.T per Hectare if the farmers strictly adhere to the scientific method of
farming technique disseminated to them through training programme under
the scheme. Besides the fish selling rate has been calculated at minimum of
Rs.80/- per kg during 2004-2005 to 2008-2009 which is expected increased
with pace of time during the above period.

109
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
6.4 While the Gross income is plotted against the total family engaged in the
venture the family wise gross income increases to Rs.87,000/-per annum at the
end of 2008-2009 against the estimated per family income of Rs.40,000/- per
annum at the end of 2003-2004.
6.5 The details of the year wise gross financial return is shown below under Table
– G. For this purpose, the future production potentiality from 2005 – 2006 is
calculated at 2.5 M.T per Hectare and the fish selling rate is calculated at
Rs.80/- per Kg. Here, only the production from pond culture sector is
reflected.
Sl
No
.
Year
TABLE – G
YEAR WISE FINANCIAL RETURN: -
Estimated Water
area under fish
farming (cumulative)
Ha
Estimated production
level (culture
sector)
at the end of 1yr
rearing period of fish
Gross Financial
return
(Rs.in
lakhs)
1 2 3 4 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
6.5 MARKETING LINKAGE: -
6800
7000
7500
8200
8700
5440.00
5600.00
6000.00
6560.00
6960.00
6.5.1 As discussed earlier the production of fish at the end of 2008 - 2009 is
estimated to be 8,700 M.T. With the implementation of the scheme there
should be sufficient outlet for marketing inside/outside the state.
6.5.2 Therefore, in order to develop an organized marketing system/chain within the
state as well as outside the state a cadre of ware-house owner, transporter and
retailers has to be created with required facilities like Ice Plant, Cold Storage,
Insulated/Refrigerated vehicle, retail market shed comprising deep freezer and
insulated boxes etc in the private sector.
6.5.3 Thus a token provision of Rs.200.00 lakhs is proposed as 25% subsidy for the
private entrepreneurs who would like to involve in the marketing sector of the
venture.
6.5.4 However, a separate project report for this purpose will be prepared by the
Fisheries Department after primary clearance from the BAFFACOS
authorities.

110
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
7. PROJECT ANALYSIS: -
CHAPTER – VII
7.1 On analysis of the estimated production level, from Table-G, it appears that
production alone from pond culture sector can meet the fish requirement of
8,700 M.T at the end of 2009 A.D offering a viable scope for earning a
sustainable income by the farmers besides generating considerable
employment opportunity to the unemployed youths in the rural sector.
7.2 Further, it also reveals that at the end of 2009 A.D, about 8000 families can
earn a gross annual income of Rs.87,000/- per family from this venture alone.
7.3 When this entire gross income of Rs.6960.00 lakhs is converted into per capita
gross income against the projected population of 12.6lakhs at the end of 2008-
2009 the per capita gross income comes to Rs.552/-
7.4 Also, since the progamme is targeted to establish 400Ha of ponds under
community/village fish ponds the gross revenue of Rs.864.00lakhs are likely
to go to those villages/communities provided with such fish ponds under
BAFFACOS.
7.5 The scheme is quite suitable for eliminating famine and poverty during the
Bamboo flowering episode as well it will remain as a permanent assets for fish
production in the state for the future.
7.6 CONCLUSION: -
• The scheme is based on development of 3400 Hectare of culturable
water areas during the period of 5yrs (2004-2005 to 2008-2009). It will
attain a production of around 8700 M.T of fish flesh by 2008 – 2009,
which offers a gross financial return of Rs.6960.00 lakhs in the
venture. It will act as an instrument in combating Bamboo flowering
and famine by providing fish flesh as a source of fish protein as well as
a sustainable income to the people.
• It is suggested that more water areas should be covered for fish
production by providing sufficient fund by the Government to utilize
the vast potential water areas in culture sector in the state which will
not only offer surplus fish production and income to the farmers for
economic upliftment of the rural mass but also, it will certainly
generate ample scope for self employment for the youths especially
during the famine and hardship which could be tackled under the
BAFFACOS programme.

111
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
CHAPTER – VIII
8. INVESTMENT SCHEDULE:-
8.1 In view of what has been stated in the foregoing chapters an aggregate
investment of about Rs.2000.00 lakhs will be required for successful
implementation of the scheme.
8.2 It is proposed that the entire estimated aggregate be infused in a phased
manner over a period of 5 years from 2004-2005 to 2008-2009.
8.3 The proposed investment schedule is projected below under Table H.
TABLE – H
INVESTMENT SCHEDULE
(Rs.in lakhs)
Year-wise investment
District-wise activities 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- Total
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1
A. Old Aizawl District
(comprising Aizawl ‘E’,
Champhai, Serchhip, Mamit
& Kolasib)
2 3 4 5 6 7
(i) Renovation/ Reclamation of
existing ponds including
supply of 1 st year inputs
(ii) Development of new
community
(iii) Development of Individual
new ponds in the private
sector including supply of 1 st
year input
(iv) Farmer’s Training (creation of
cadre of trained fish farmers)
(v) Marketing
24.30
59.40
59.40
18.00
18.00
32.40
79.20
79.20
24.00
24.00
40.50
99.00
99.00
30.00
30.00
40.50
99.00
99.00
30.00
30.00
24.30
59.40
59.40
18.00
18.00
162.10
396.00
396.00
120.00
120.00
(vi) Administrative & Contingency 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.50 0.90 6.00
Sub-Total of ‘A’ 180.00 240.00 300.00 300.00 180.00 1200.00

112
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
1
B. Lunglei District:-
2 3 4 5 6 7
(i) Renovation/ Reclamation of
existing ponds including
supply of 1 st year inputs
8.10 10.80 13.50 13.50 8.10 54.00
(ii) Development of new
community
(iii) Development of Individual
new ponds in the private
sector including supply of 1 st
year input
(iv) Farmer’s Training (creation
of cadre of trained fish
farmers)
(v) Marketing
19.80
19.80
6.00
6.00
26.40
26.40
8.00
8.00
33.00
33.00
10.00
10.00
33.00
33.00
10.00
10.00
19.80
19.80
6.00
6.00
132.00
132.00
40.00
40.00
(vi) Administrative &
Contingency
0.30 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.30 2.00
Sub-Total of ‘B’
C. Chhimtuipui District
(comprising Saiha &
Lawngtlai)
60.00 80.00 100.00 100.00 60.00 400.00
(i) Renovation/ Reclamation of
existing ponds including
supply of 1 st year inputs
(ii) Development of new
community
(iii) Development of Individual
new ponds in the private
sector including supply of 1 st
8.10 10.80 13.50 13.50 8.10 54.00
19.80 26.40 33.00 33.00 19.80 132.00
year input
19.80 26.40 33.00 33.00 19.80 132.00
(iv) Farmer’s Training (creation
of cadre of trained fish
farmers)
6.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 40.00
(v) Marketing
6.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 40.00
(vi) Administrative &
Contingency
0.30 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.30 2.00
Sub-Total of ‘B’ 60.00 80.00 100.00 100.00 60.00 400.00
Grand Total (A+B+C):- 300.00 400.00 500.00 500.00 300.00 2000.00

INTRODUCTION
113
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE
The Government of Mizoram is gearing up to prepare a comprehensive multi sectoral
<strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong> to meet the requirements of all aspects of the bamboo flowering phenomenon in
the State.
From past experiences, bamboo flowering in Mizoram is usually accompanied by
considerable increase of rodent population. The destruction of food crops results in food
scarcity and famine. The epidemiological imbalance also leads to increased risk of infection
or outbreaks of rodent borne diseases. Health Department has prepared an <strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong> to
address the most critical aspect of the whole issue, that is, to prevent, manage or control the
corresponding rodent borne diseases, malnutrition and its related diseases.
Diseases associated with rodents may be broadly classified as follows:-
1. Bacterial - Plague, Tularaemia, Salmonellosis
2. Viral - Lassa fever, Haemorrhaghic fever, Encephalitis
3. Rickettsial - Scrub typhus, Murine typhus, Ric`kettsial pox
4. Parasitic - Leishmaniasis, Amoebiasis, Trichinosis, Chaga’s disease
5. Others - Leptospirosis, histoplasmosis, ring worm, rat bite fever, rabies
The modes of transmission of these diseases are through rat bite, fleas and other
ecto-parasites or contamination of food, water and air by rodent urine or excreta. It is a
cause for concern that gastroenteritis is still the second leading cause of morbidity despite
other high socio-economic indicators indicating the unsafe eating and drinking practices. The
risk of infection by these diseases is very high since people in Mizoram come in close
contact with rodents including handling or consumption of their flesh. Some of these diseases
are epidemic prone requiring immediate control and some are highly fatal. Rabies is 100%
fatal.
An outbreak of plague can be disastrous to the national economy. This grim
lesson was learnt in the Surat outbreak (1994), the economic loss for which was estimated to
be 1.7 billion US dollars and should not be overlooked in the present context. Our country
was boycotted internationally disrupting international trade. Mass panic re<strong>action</strong> was also
observed all over the country, including the national capital of Delhi. Plague, transmitted by
rodent fleas, is an internationally notifiable disease with foci of the disease still suspected
to be present in the bordering country of Myanmar. International travel information currently
includes plague as one of the risks against travel to Myanmar. The adverse effect of plague
outbreak, therefore, cannot be, over emphasised in the local, national or international context.
The national plague expert, Dr Shyamal Biswas of the Plague Surveillance Unit,
National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Bangalore expressed his concern over the lack
of plague surveillance infrastructure in the State during his recent visit to Mizoram
regarding the impending bamboo flowering. His report stated that foci of plague infections
were detected in Myanmar till recently and there is potential for plague outbreak in the
neighbouring state of Mizoram for which appropriate preventive measures need to be taken.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
What would be the situation if all supplies coming from outside the State were to
suddenly cease due to such an epidemic, especially when all our efforts are directed
towards preventing famine?
A Government of India report stated that plague outbreak was reported in Himachal
Pradesh (2002) but was contained following immediate appropriate <strong>action</strong>s which were
efficient surveillance, chemoprophylaxis, case investigation and management.
Leptospirosis epidemics have been reported in many parts of our country. Though
more prevalent in water logged plains, cases have been reported in hilly regions within the
country (Kottayam). The impending increase in rat population will increase manifold the risk
of epidemics of the dreadful disease. The disease is transmitted in the urine of rodents and
hence the risk of transmission through food and water is very high in Mizoram due to poor
storage, transport and retail facilities. Scarcity of water has compelled the majority of people
in Mizoram to depend largely on stored water and open spring water sources and thus has a
very high risk of contamination by rodents.
The other diseases are equally important. The recent findings at All India Institute of
Medical & Sciences of the multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhi is equally relevant for
Mizoram where it is endemic coupled with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Two
deaths allegedly due to rabies were reported at Sialsuk and Kolasib this year.
The role of immunisation is limited to only a few of these diseases like rabies. Plague
vaccine is advised to be given only to those who are in close contact or very high risk
individuals and not at the community level. Anti-rabies vaccine may be procured and kept at
CHC/PHC level and anti-plague vaccine procured for those immediately involved in rodent
& flea control.
Diagnostic facilities for the majority of these diseases are currently absent in
Mizoram and need to be set up. Reagents, field test kits and medicine for treatment will need
to be procured. It may thus be emphasized that appropriate preventive <strong>action</strong>s, immediate
investigation, diagnosis and management, capacity building and awareness generation, etc are
the key strategies to the successful control of diseases.
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
• Mizoram is among the best performers in India shown by good health indicators
• Rural doctors maintain their stations better than doctors of any other State in
India.
• Population coverage by health institution is small
• Well trained surveillance personnel available, though not adequate
• Committed policy makers, administrators and health personnel
• <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>plan</strong>ning and preventive measures

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
WEAKNESSES
• Poor general health infrastructures
• Disease surveillance organization is still rudimentary
• Difficulty in utilizing existing general and specific communicable disease
surveillance systems which are governed by funding guidelines and limited
resources
• Literature of past health experiences unavailable
• Shortage of staff, numerous vacant posts and increase in number of districts from
3 to 8 without corresponding increase in number of crucial health posts
• Absence of specific posts for personnel qualified and trained in surveillance,
epidemiology, entomology, etc.
• Poor diagnostic facilities for rodent borne diseases
• Coordination with other departments unsatisfactory
• Poor communication facilities in difficult terrains
OPPORTUNITIES
• Highly literate, homogenous, contained, close knit and small population for
targeting IEC activities
• Presence of well organized NGOs/CBOs
• Plague, being a national and internationally notifiable disease, external assistance
expected in terms of resources and expertise
• Government level commitment and good leadership
THREATS
• Myanmar being an internationally declared high risk area for plague
• Leptospirosis epidemics regularly reported in other parts of the country
• Salmonellosis being endemic in Mizoram with frequent food poisoning outbreaks
• Gastroenteritis being second leading health problem indicates unsafe food and
drinking practices
• Documented contamination of spring water in Aizawl
• Attitudes and practices of people towards rodents including consumption of their
flesh
• Difficult terrains and presence of remote or interior villages with poor health
facilities which are difficult to reach
• General ignorance and hence less priority given to associated health hazards of
bamboo flowering- includes the policy making bodies at the central level, GOI
• Disruption of supplies to the State
• Poor implementation due to denial of project components and deviation from
technicality

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
1. To prevent, manage and control rodent associated diseases in Mizoram.
2. To prevent and manage malnutrition due to food scarcity during bamboo flowering.
3. To develop the capacity of health services and community.
4. To prevent economic loss of India and disruption of local and international trade by
preventing or controlling plague epidemic.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To set up an organized surveillance system for rodent borne diseases.
2. To organize efficient State and District Rapid Response Teams for managing
outbreaks of rodent borne diseases
3. Improve diagnostic and clinical management facilities of rodent borne diseases
4. To conduct training in surveillance, investigation, diagnosis and management of
rodent borne diseases
5. To increase public awareness regarding risk factors, prevention and personal
protection, signs and symptoms and management of rodent borne diseases.
6. To prevent and manage any associated malnutrition cases.
7. To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of Health BAFFACOS Action Plan.
STRATEGIES AND COMPONENTS OF ACTION PLAN
To meet the above objectives, the strategies adopted will be divided into the following
11 (eleven) components: -
A. Rodent Control
This is a long term measure and may be undertaken before and after epidemics.
Killing of rodents during epidemics is not advised since it will result in fleas leaving the dead
bodies infecting human beings directly or through other animals. These indicate the need for
close coordination among all sectors the following methods may be used:-
1. Environmental Sanitation in the house, around the house and in the community.
2. Physical methods like trapping.
3. Chemical methods using rodenticides.
Flea control measures should be immediately undertaken during and after rat falls or
killing of rodents. Regular dissection and examination of rodents for presence of infection is
essential. Therefore, establishment of animal laboratory, recruitment of appropriate staff and
their training, facilities for catching rodents, close coordination with Agriculture Department
(active in rodent control but without any health related surveillance), community
participation, health education are the key activities <strong>plan</strong>ned for this component.
1. Flea control measures during
a. Rat fall
b. Increase in flea Index.
B. Vector Control
It is proposed to strengthen Entomology services, which are currently nonexistent, during
the project period. The detailed requirements are given below in the section of Entomology
Cell.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
2. Personal Prophylaxis - This is necessary for those in close contact with rodents and
having increased risks of infection.
The following are proposed :-
a. Use of repellants
b. Proper clothing
c. Immunization
3. Residual Insecticide Spray using Malathion, Deltamethrin and other insecticides.
C. Capacity building
Training is identified as a major component in the project. All the health personnel
involved in surveillance, investigation and management of rodent borne diseases will need to
be trained. For this purpose, core trainers at State and district levels will be identified and
trained. They will, in turn, train all concerned including health workers and other grass root
level staff and also the community.
D. Surveillance
The following surveillance activities are to be undertaken: -
I. Rodent Surveillance
a. Collecting and examining death of rodents
b. Monitoring rodent activity
c. Trapping rodents for population data, serum, tissue samples and ecto-parasite
collection
II. Vector Surveillance(Rat Flea)
a. Calculation of flea index.
b. Determination of species
III. Carnivore(cats, dogs, foxes, etc.) Surveillance
a. Dogs develop antibodies which may be detected in case of plague.
b. Surveillance of cats, foxes in similar manner
IV. Human (Clinical) Surveillance
a. Health functionaries and community to be alert
b. Case definitions to be made in local language
c. Case investigation in suspected cases.
d. Notification to health authority by health personnel and the community.
e. Regular reporting and analysis of surveillance data
V. Laboratory Surveillance & Diagnosis
a. Strengthening in terms of equipments and capacity building
b. Diagnosis and regular reporting of rodent borne diseases
c. Culture & sensitivity

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT BAFFACOS ACTION PLAN
RESEARH
CLINICAL
MANAGE-
MENT
COMMUNI
TY
PARTICI-
PATION
HEALTH
EDUCATION
TRAINING
HUMAN
SURVEIL
LANCE
BAFFACOS
HEALTH
DEPT.
INTER
SECTORAL
COORDIN
ATION
E. Case Investigation
RODENT
SURVEIL
LANCE
RAPID
RESPONSE
TEAMS
FLEA
SURVEIL
LANCE
LABORA-
TORY
STRENGT
HENING
CAT/DOGS
URVEIL-
LANCE
i. Immediate investigation of epidemic prone rodent borne diseases by trained Rapid
Response Teams, to be formed in all districts
ii. Identification of cause and source of epidemic, risk factors, numbers affected etc.
using scientific methods and rapid diagnostic kits.
iii. Mobility is to be ensured
iv. Initiation of control measures & control room to be set up in epidemics
v. Incentives to be given to persons reporting any incident to the Government officials.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION FLOW CHART
Report
Suspected case
Immediate notification Immediate Containment
to DHBC Measures
Notify State & National
Authorities if plague
Positive
• Government of
India
• Intensify
containment measures
Immediate investigation by MO / BHO
1. Send RRT- epidemiological,
clinical, lab investigation
2. Activate DHBTC
3. Set up control room
4. Mobilize drugs, vehicles
manpower, finances
5. Send Lab. Specimen
Laboratory Reports
Laboratory Reports
F. Clinical Case Management
1. Case management
2. Hospitalization
3. Active surveillance for new
cases
4. Preventive measures
5. Flea & sanitary control
measures
Negative
Investigate & find cause of
outbreak
i. Isolation and treatment of cases.
ii. In epidemics
a. Hospital Disaster Management <strong>plan</strong> to be activated at district hospitals in case
of epidemics (biological disasters), which can not be managed routinely with
existing resources.
b. Standard treatment protocol development
c. Documentation

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
G. Recruitment of contractual staff
Intensive fieldwork is the key to any successful disease surveillance
programme. Active and passive surveillance is proposed for the rodent borne diseases.
At the district level, the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) is usually supported by
3-4 Senior Medical Officers (SMO). Currently, only one (Aizawl ‘W’) has 3 SMOs, 2
districts have 1 SMO each and the others are without supporting SMOs. Districts are
burdened with various health programmes are already short staffed. This may be due
to the increase in the number of districts from 3 to 8 without the corresponding
increase in staff strength. Hence it is concluded that the existing overburdened staff
will not be able to cope with the additional requirements of anticipated health
problems of bamboo flowering, especially in the districts and rural areas. It is
proposed to recruit BAFFACOS staff purely on a yearly contract basis.
BAFFACOS HEALTH OFFICERS (BHOs) will be posted in all the districts
as well as in the State BAFFACOS Cell, Entomology Cell and State Laboratory. They
will be responsible for all BAFFACOS related activities. BHOs will be selected from
among medical doctors, microbiologists, epidemiologists, veterinarians, post
graduates in Zoology or similar fields and from among experienced retired personnel
Similarly, BAFFACOS FIELD WORKERS (BFWs) will be posted at all the
57 PHCs and 12 CHCs.
It is also proposed to set up 10(ten) BAFFACOS BORDER SURVEILLANCE
UNITS (BBSUs) in strategic locations along the borders of Mizoram. These will
serve the dual purposes of screening high risk cases entering or exiting the State.
These units will be manned by 1 BHO, 1 BFW, 1 BAFFACOS Technician and a
Group D staff.
.
H. Intersectoral Coordination
The following examples are few of the areas anticipated as requiring close
coordination among all sectors involved in BAFFACOS:-
i. Rodent control may be undertaken by Agriculture Department while examination of
dead rodents or fleas, flea surveillance and control will be done by Entomology cell of
Health Department.
ii. Passive surveillance of dogs may be done by Animal & Husbandry Department while
active surveillance or survey may be undertaken by Health Department
iii. Water Surveillance for contamination may be done by PHE and Microbiology
Department of Health Department.
iv. Food Safety measures especially for rodent contamination to be jointly undertaken by
Health and Food and Civil Supplies Departments.
v. Public education by Health Department and Department of Information and Public
Relations
vi. Reporting of rat falls and cases of rodent borne diseases can be done by existing
Health Department surveillance network as well as by community members

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
I. Community Participation
The community will be involved in almost all the components for they will be
exposed to the rodents, fleas, rodent borne diseases while handling and killing of rodents or
through food and water contamination, report disease and rodent information, adopt personal
protection measures, be beneficiaries of BAFFACOS <strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong>s of different sectors and be
audience as well instruments of IEC activities. They need to be involved in almost all stages
of the <strong>action</strong> <strong>plan</strong>s prepared by all sectors involved in BAFFACOS.
Incentives and honorarium will be provided for reporting cases and other information
requiring attention of BAFFACOS organization.
J. Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
This is a critical component on which rests the success of all BAFFACOS related
strategies of not only Health Department but for other sectors. The community need to be
educated on the following areas:-
1. Signs, symptoms, risk factors, personal protective measures, management etc.,
regarding rodent borne diseases
2. Reporting of suspected cases and rat falls
Different media and communication strategies will be employed such as:-
i. Electronic & print media, interpersonal communication
ii. Advocacy meetings, workshops, awareness campaigns
iii. Involvement of national and international agencies and individuals, etc.
K. Research
Apart from the studies required for immediate local requirements, this will be a good
and unique opportunity for research on rodent behavior and rodent borne diseases for
replication or utilization in other parts of the world. Documentation or literature regarding the
health implications of the unique bamboo flowering phenomena are practically unavailable
and is a constraint in <strong>plan</strong>ning for the same. Studies on the different aspects of health related
events during this bamboo flowering will provide valuable information on the current
episode. It will be a good learning experience for facing future episodes of bamboo flowering
not only in the state, but also elsewhere in the world.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT BAFFACOS
State Entomology
Cell-cum-Animal
BAFFACOS Field
Laboratory
Units
57 PHCs& 12 CHCs
(69 Nos.)
District BAFFACOS
Coordination Committee
STATE BAFFACOS COMMITTEE
Health Department BAFFACOS District Committee Health
BAFFACOS Technical
State level
Committee
CIVIL HOSPITAL,
Health BAFFACOS Technical Committee AIZAWL
District Health BAFFACOS Cell District Rapid
Response Teams
State Health BAFFACOS Cell
Clinicians
Microbiology
Laboratory etc.
District Level
(9 Nos).
Peripheral Level
(79 Nos.)
+
State Rapid
BAFFACOS
Response
Border
Teams
Surveillance Units
(10 Nos.)
DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
* Note – There are 9 districts under the Department of Health & Family Welfare to
facilitate proper implementation of Programmes.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
A. STATE LEVEL
HEALTH DEPARTMENT BAFFACOS COMMITTEE (HDBC)
1. Chairman - Health Minister
2. Member Secretary - Principal Secretary, Health
3. Members
a. Director of Health Services
b. Director of Hospital & Medical Education
c. Director, RIPAN
d. Director, Synod Hospital, Durtlang
e. State Surveillance Officer
f. Nodal Officer, BAFFACOS(Health)
g. Nodal Officer, Emergency Preparedness & Response (WHO)
h. SMEMO
i. President, Central YMA
HEALTH BAFFACOS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (HBTC)
1. Chairman - Director of Health Services
2. Co-Chairman - Director of Hospital & Medical Education
3. Member Secretary - Nodal Officer, BAFFACOS (Health)
4. Members
1. State Surveillance Officer
2. Medical Superintendent, Civil Hospital Aizawl
3. Joint Director, NVDCP
4. Nodal Officer, Emergency Preparedness & Response (WHO)
5. Entomologist
6. Physician, State RRT
7. Microbiologist, State RRT
8. SMEMO
9. BAFFACOS Medical Officer/ Entomologist/ Technical Officer
10. NGO Representatives
STATE HEALTH BAFFACOS CELL(SHBC)
This will be located at the Public Health Division, Directorate of Health Services. It
will be headed by the Nodal Officer, BAFFACOS, Health Department. Its functions will be
as follows:-
1. Plan, Coordinate & monitor all health aspects of BAFFACOS
2. Collect, compile, analyse and interpret all surveillance data and disseminate to
concerned authority for necessary <strong>action</strong>s.
3. Establish rapid response and management mechanisms in BAFFCOS related disease
outbreak through the State and district RRTs, and recommend or initiate immediate
control measures.
4. Network and coordinate activities with all public & private health institutes,
BAFFACOS related departments NGOs and CBOs in the State.
5. Networking and liaising with related agencies, institutes and individuals related to
health aspects of BAFFACOS outside the State.
6. Undertake and coordinate all BAFFACOS training activities in the State
7. Coordinate and give necessary support to all DISTRICT BAFFACOS CELLs

8. IEC
9. Research
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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The cell will have to be strengthened with the following:-
1. Manpower
a. BAFFACOS Healthl Officer (BHO)
b. Data Entry Operator
c. Driver
2. Vehicle
3. Furnitures
4. Communication equipments
a. Computer with accessories and necessary software
b. Phone( Satellite, land line, mobile.,etc) with STD & Internet facilities
c. Fax machine
d. Scanner
e. Photocopier
ENTOMOLOGY CELL- CUM-ANIMAL LABORATORY
Entomological services (vector surveillance) and study of live and dead rodents for
signs of disease and infections are critical components for the prevention of rodent borne
diseases. These facilities are currently absent in Mizoram and have also not been projected by
any other sector for BAFFACOS.
The following are the basic requirements:-
1. Establishment of Entomology –cum-Animal Laboratory
2. Vehicle for field work like rodent & flea surveillance, coordination with Agriculture
Department involved in rodent control
3. Laboratory equipments & reagents for the Laboratory.
4. Computer & accessories for compilation and analysis of field and laboratory work to
recommend <strong>action</strong>s to appropriate agency.
5. Manpower
a. Entomologist
b. Technicians
c. Insect Collectors cum animal handlers
d. Data Entry Operator
e. Driver
f. Grade IV staff
The functions of this cell may be as follows:-
1. Rodent surveillance - Health aspect
2. Postmortem & microscopical examination of rodents
3. Microscopic & culture examination
4. Animal inoculation
5. Vector surveillance e.g., flea. Flea index( specific & absolute) is
essential for plague surveillance

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
6. Carnivore surveillance to detect plague antibodies in dogs
7. Provide information to State BAFFACOS Cell
Meeting will be held monthly and whenever required.
IV. BAFFACOS RAPID RESPONSE TEAMS(BRRT)
Immediate response and appropriate <strong>action</strong>s are usually life saving and essential for
further spread of diseases Prompt mobility, good communication facilities and electronic or
scientific situational analysis will be given priority.
A multi-disciplinary team consisting of Public Health Specialist, Physician /
Paediatrician, Microbiologist/ Pathologist, Entomologist/Malaria Officer (identified from
existing man power) and BAFFACOS Medical Officer (to be recruited on contract basis for
the project period) will be formed at State and district levels to immediately respond to
reports of rodent borne diseases or to warning signs detected on analysis of surveillance data.
The RRTs will have to be strengthened with field equipments like Still & Video
Cameras, Torch, Laptop computer for Rapid Health Assessment and data analysis softwares,
Emergency lamp, LCD Projector, Satellite telephone, Public Address system, rapid test kits,
emergency medicines and increased capacity for mobility e.g., vehicle, adequate POL or
funds for hiring necessary vehicles.
B. DISTRICT LEVEL
I. DISTRICT BAFFACOS COORDINATION COMMITTEE(DBCC)
1. Chairman - Deputy Commissioner
2. Member Secretary - CMO
3. Members
a. SMO/MO, PH/TB/BHO
b. DAO
c. DHO
d. BHO
e. NGO representatives
f. Media persons
They will meet monthly and whenever there is need for coordination among the
different sectors.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
II. DISTRICT HEALTH BAFFACOS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (DHBTC)
1. Chairman - CMO
2. Co-Chairman - Medical Superintendent
3. Member Secretary - Nodal Officer, BAFFACOS
4. Members
i) Members of District RRT
1. Public Health Specialist
2. Physician/Paediatrician
3. Microbiologist/Pathologist
4. Entomologist/District Malaria Officer
ii) Baffacos Health Officer
iii) Nursing Superintendent
iv) DEMO
v) Any other member deemed necessary .
III. DISTRICT HEALTH BAFFACOS CELL(DHBC)
It will be headed by the Nodal Officer, BAFFACOS supported by the following staff:-
1. BHO
2. Data Entry Operator
Functions:-
1. To collect and compile data regarding rodent borne diseases (based on simple case
definitions) from
a. Hospitals records
b. From BFW at BFU (CHC/PHC)
c. Private Health Institutions/ Practitioners/Informers
2. Regular reporting to the State BAFFACOS Cell
a. Weekly
b. Hourly/daily as per requirement in times of epidemics
3. Coordinate with district Agriculture Office regarding rat fall and other rodent
activities and convey relevant information to State/District Entomologists
4. Immediately relay RRT investigation reports
5. Information, Education & Communication(IEC)
Communication equipments like computer & accessories, telephone, fax and internet
facilities will be provided.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
I. BAFFACOS FIELD UNITS( BFU)
C. PERIPHERAL LEVEL
This will include all 57 PHCs and 12 CHCs where 69 BAFFACOS Field Worker
(BFW) will be posted.
Functions:-
1. Weekly (even ‘NIL’) reports on rodent borne diseases based on verification from all
sub-centres, private practitioners or health institutions and others (faith healers,
quacks, other systems of medicine, community members, etc) in the area.
2. Immediate report by any means in any suspected epidemic prone rodent borne disease
or rat fall or increased rodent activities
3. Active & passive surveillance of rodent borne diseases
4. Regular meeting with farmers, cultivators, community based organizations and other
grassroot level workers of other related sectors
5. IEC
II BAFFACOS BORDER SURVEILLANCE UNITS (BBSU)
It is proposed to set up 10 BBSUs at various villages along the borders of Mizoram
based on this strategic locations.
Function will be similar to BFUS

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
DETAILED BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR 5 YEARS
A. RECURRING EXPENSES
S.No Components Rate
Total
(Rs. in (Rs. in lakhs)
Lakhs) Annual 5 yrs
A Monthly Meetings 11.18 55.9
A.1 State level 0.01/mth 0.12 0.6
A.2 District level (9) 0.01/mth 1.08 5.4
A.3 BFU + BBSU (79) 0.01/mth 9.48 47.4
A.4 Epidemic/Contingency
Fund
0.5/year 0.5 2.5
Remarks
A.4 -Frequent
meetings(daily &
even more
frequently) & other
expenses necessary
during
epidemics
B Salary 92.4 462.0
B.1 BHO(22) 0.15/mth 39.6 198.0 For State & Ento.
Cells, Lab. & districts
B.2 Technicians(2) 0.05/mth 1.2 6.0 For Lab. & Ento. Cell
B.3 Insect Collector-cum- 0.04/mth 0.96 4.8
B.6
animal handlers(2)
Drivers (3) 0.04/mth 1.44 7.2
B.7 Data Entry
0.05/mth 1.8 9.0 For State &
Operators(3)
Entomology
Laboratory
Cells,
B.8 BFW for BFUs & 0.05/mth 47.4 237.0 Posted at BFUs for
BBSUs (79)
field work & data
collection
C Laboratory
0.1 7.8 39.0 Reagents, Syringes,
Consumables
Gloves, etc
C.1 State Laboratory 0.1/mth 1.2 6.0
C.2 District Labs (9) 0.05/mth 5.4 27.0
C.3 Entomology Cell 0.1/mth 1.2 6.0
D IEC 16.08 80.4 Electronic & Printed
D.1 State Level 0.1/mth 1.2 6.0 Media, Interpersonal
D.2 District level (9) 0.05/mth 5.4 27.0 communication
D.3 BFUs + BBSUs (79) 0.01/mth 9.48 47.4 strategies
used
will be
E Training 11.7 58.5
E.1 Outside State 2.0/yr 2.0 10.0 • Core trainers
E.2 State Level 1.25/yr 1.25 6.25 • District
E.3 District (9) 0.5/district/yr 4.5 22.5
trainers
E.4 BFUs + BBSU (79) 0.5/BFU/yr 3.95 19.75 • BFUs &
Community Training

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
F Operational Costs 134.64 673.2
F.1 State level Mobility
(POL, Vehicle hiring,
maintenance, etc)
F.2 District Level Mobility
(POL, Vehicle hiring)
F.3 Communication Costs
at state level
3/yr 3.0 15.0 3 Vehicles- State
Cell, RRT &
Entomology – cum-
Animal Lab.
0.6/district/yr 5.4 27.0 Govt. vehicle or hired
for case/epidemic
investigation
0.1/mth 1.2 6.0 Telephone, fax,
Internet, courier,
P&T etc.
F.4 Communication cost at 0.02/district/ 2.16 10.8 Weekly & monthly
district level
mth
reports, hourly/daily
F.5 Communication cost at 0.01/BFU/mth 9.48 47.4 in epidemics,
BFU + BBSU
Timeliness will save
lives
F.6 Stationaries
/consumables
0.05/Unit/yr 0.6 3.0
F.7 Incentive to promote 0.1/unit/mth 106.8 534.0
community reporting
for 1 state and 9
F.8
districts+79 peripherals
(89)
TA/DA 3.0/yr 3.0 15.0
F.9 Contingencies 3.0/yr 3.0 15.0
G Medicines &Vaccines 5/yr 5.0 25.0
H Research, evaluation 3/yr 3.0 15.0 For future
& Documentation
generations
evaluation
and
Total 281.8 1409.0

130
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B.NON-RECURRING EXPENSES
Sl.
No.
Components / Items Rate
(Rs in
Lakhs)
Qty Cost
(Rs in
lakhs)
Remarks /
Justifications
A State Baffacos Cell 12.53
A.1 Establishment, Renovations & repair 2.0 2.0
A.2 Computer & acessories 0.6 1 0.6
A.3 Telephone & Internet connection 0.03 1 0.03
A.4 Fax machine 0.2 1 0.2
A.5 Photocopier 1.5 1 1.5
A.6 LCD Projector for Training 1.5 1 1.5
A.7 Refrigerator 0.2 1 0.2 Storage of reagents,
vaccines & Samples
(blood, stool, urine,
tissues etc
A.8 Vehicle – 4 wheel drive 5.5 1 5.5 For overall
supervision and ,
monitoring of project
implementation
A.9 Laptop Computer 1.0 1 1.0
B. Entomology Cell–cum-Animal
8.53
Laboratory
B.1 Establishment, Renovations & repair 2.0 2.0
B.2 Computer & acessories 0.6 1 0.6
B.3 Telephone & Internet connection 0.03 1 0.03
B.4 Fax machine 0.2 1 0.2
B.5 Refrigerator 0.2 1 0.2 Storage of reagents,
animal organs &
tissues
B.6 Vehicle – 4 wheel drive 5.5 1 5.5 For field work, rodent
& carnivore (dog)
surveillance, etc.
C State Rapid Response Team 32.95
C.1 Vehicle – 4 wheel drive 5.5 1 5.5 Case/Epidemic
Investigation
C.2 Laptop Computer 1.0 1 1.0 Rapid field
assessment data entry
& analysis using
WHO softwares
C.3 LCD Projector 1.5 1 1.5 For IEC, Training
C.4 Video camera 0.5 1 0.5 Documentation
C.5 Still Camera 0.15 1 0.15
C.6 B.P. Instrument, stethoscope, 0.3 1 0.3
thermometers, torch, emergency
lamp,calculators & other essential
field equipments & materials
each

C.7
131
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Satellite telephone with dedicated
lines
16.0 1 16.0
Lives have been lost
on many occasions
due to poor
communicability in
remote areas.
C.8 Statistical Analysis Software(SAS) 8.0 1 8.0 Surveillance means
data for <strong>action</strong> &
require rapid analysis
particularly in the
field situation to save
lives or to control
spread of disease
D Laboratory Strengthening 45.7
D.1 PCR & PCR Work Station 15.0 1
unit
15.0 For diagnosis of
rodent borne and also
other communicable
diseases
D.2 Fluorescent Microscope 5.0 1 5.0 Diagnosis of Rabies
D.3 ELISA Reader with Washer and
Printer.
4.0 1 4 .0 Serological Diagnosis
of Arboviral,
Ricketsial diseases
D.4 Table top Centrifuge 0.2 2 0.2
D.5 Bio-safety Cabinet Class II-A 0.2 1 0.2 For Processing
Highly infectious
diseases
D.5 Electronic Balance 0.25 1 0.25 For preparation of
D.6 Double Distil Water Plan
( Automatic)
Reagents
1.5 1 1.5 Distil water is
required for
serological testing
D.7 BacT/ALERT 3D 8.0 1 8.0 Automated
Bacterial/Mycobacter
D.8 Dark Ground Microscope with
Mounting Camera and Softwares.
3.0 1 3.0
ial Culture System
For Leptospirosis
D..9 Air Conditioner 0.6 2 1.2 Essential for
expensive laboratory
equipments
D.10 Refrigerator 0.25 1 0.25 Storing of reagents
and samples
D.11 Autoclave 1.0 1 1.0
D.12 Computer with Printer ,UPS and 0.6 1 0.6 Lab data analysis,
External Modem
reporting to State cell
D.13 Hot Air Oven 0.5 1 0.5
D.14 Incubator 0.5 1 0.5
D.15 Xerox Photocopier 1.5 1 1.5 Photo copying of
reporting formats and
lab reports

132
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
D.16 Renovation to accommodate new
equipments
3.0 1 3.0
E. Furnitures & Fixtures 0.5/unit 79 39.5 For all units and for
new staff
F. Printing of reporting formats 5.0 5.0 From Sub Centres to
PHC to CHC to
districts to State
G Training Materials 8.0 8.0
Total 152.21
TOTAL
I. NON RECURRING - Rs. 152.21
II. RECURRING - Rs. 1409.00
GRAND TOTAL - Rs. 1561.21 lakhs
GRAND TOTAL - Rs. 15.61 crores
(Rupees fifteen crores sixty one lakhs only)
Proposed year-wise budgetary break-up
1 st Year 2004-2005 - Rs. 234.00 lakhs
2 nd Year 2005-2006 - Rs.312.00 lakhs
3 rd Year 2006-2007 - Rs.390.00 lakhs
4 th Year 2007-2008 - Rs.390.00 lakhs
5 th Year 2008-2009 - Rs.235.21 lakhs
Total - Rs.1561.00 lakhs
Or, Total - Rs. 15.61 crores

133
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ABBREVIATIONS USED
1. BBSU - BAFFACOS Border Surveillance Unit
2. BFU - BAFFACOS Field Unit
3. BFW - BAFFACOS Field Worker
4. BHO - BAFFACOS Health Officer
5. BRRT - BAFFACOS Rapid Response team
6. CHC - Community Health Centre
7. CMO - Chief Medical Officer
8. DBCC - District BAFFACOS Coordination Committee
9. DEO - Data Entry Operator
10. DHBC - District Health BAFFACOS Cell
11. DHBTC - District Health BAFFACOS Technical Committee
12. DHO - District Health Officer
13. HBTC - Health BAFFACOS Technical Committee
14. HDBC - Health Department BAFFACOS Committee
15. IEC - Information Education Communication
16. MO - Medical Officer
17. PHC - Primary Health Centre
18. RRT - Rapid Response Team
19. SHBC - State Health BAFFACOS Cell
20. SMO - Senior Medical Officer

134
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
LAND REVENUE & SETTLEMENT
PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR MULTIPURPOSE CADASTRE DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT SURVEY FOR ALLOTMENT OF BAMBOO PLANTATION LAND
TO FAMINE EFFECTED FAMILIES IN MIZORAM DURING 2004-2009
INTRODUCTION:
Estimated Cost : Rs. 8,00,00,000.00
Mizoram covers geographical area measuring 21,087.00 Sq.Kms where jhumming is
widely practised. As such jhum control measure has been adopted and at the same time the
land reform programme envisages to wean off such primitive type of cultivation by means of
modern land use <strong>plan</strong>ning, allotment and settlement of land to the famine effected and needy
families. The whole activities of the Land Reforms Department are therefore, closely linked
with the New Land Reforms Programme of the State. Under the New Land Reforms
Programme, Summary Land Survey of villages are conducted since 1999 and now 18 R.D.
Blocks are already surveyed and recorded. Under this programme the Development Project
Survey for the allotment of Agricultural Land for Bamboo Plantation had also been taken up
since 2001-2002 in the river valley of R. Tlawng and R. Tuirial valleys in scatter areas.
1.2 The Government of Mizoram had therefore proposed to take up the scheme in large
scale during 2004-2009 keeping in view of ensuing Mautam during 2005-2008 (Bamboo
flowering). It is estimated that Bamboo grown area in Mizoram covers about 10,333.00 Sq.
Kms consisting of about 20 species of bamboo. Mizoram is having about 14 % of India's
bamboo products. It is therefore proposed to conduct multipurpose cadastre Development
Project Survey covering 10,333.00 Sq. Kms. during 2004-2009. Out of the above area, 86000
Hactares is proposed to be covered by this estimated amount i.e. Rs. 8.00 crores.
2. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:
The scope of the project is to conduct multipurpose Cadastre Development Project
Survey and allotment and settlement of Agricultural Land to famine effected families for
allotment of Bamboo Plantation and to wean off shifting cultivation. So that the famine
effected people will get labour employment to earn money by jungle clearance in the survey
work and to sell the natural bamboo without paying royalty before bamboo flowering. Better
quality of Bamboo may be <strong>plan</strong>ted in the land after bamboo flowering year.
3. PHASING ACTIVITIES:
The sequences of activities will be as follows: -
(i) Reconnaissance Survey
(ii) Control Survey
(iii) Detail Survey
(iv) Procurement of Survey, Drawing, printing/ Computer Hardwares
(v) Generation and Production of Village cadastral map/ Parcel Map
(vi) Selection and Allotment of land to individual families
(vii) Identification of plots and construction of survey line marks.

135
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
4. COST OF FIELD SURVEY WORKS:
(a) Reconnaissance Survey
It is proposed that preliminary survey of existing bamboo growing areas
locating in various pockets of Mizoram will be conducted base on Topo Maps 1:50,000
Scales.
(b) Control Survey
As soon as the project areas are identified and selected the Control Survey
with the help of GPS or Total Station will be conducted in order to provide a network of Coordinates
for Geo-references of the locations.
(c) As and when the Control Plot Sheets are ready detail survey by means Total
Station and Plane -Table will be conducted so as to provide individual plot/parcel maps.
(d) The estimate is therefore prepared as per Schedule of Rate of Mizoram for
cadastral Survey as given below :-
(i) Reconnaissance Survey for 10,333.00 Sq.Kms = Rs. 11,10,000.00
(ii) Control Survey for 60,000.00 Hectares = Rs. 3,60,34,000.00
(iii) Detail Survey for 50,000.00 Hectares = Rs. 3,42,40,000.00
TOTAL = Rs. 7,13,84,000.00
DETAIL ESTIMATES FOR CADASTRAL SURVEY
Sl. Name of Work Unit Survey Cost Total Area Amount
No. Rate in Hectare (Rs.) (Rs.)
A. CONTROL SURVEY: Labour for —
i) Carriage of Survey equipment, tent,
store record etc. to the field and from
place to place in the field. Hectare Rs. 67/-
ii) Ground preparation for survey station
and survey line preparation etc. Hectare
iii) Construction of survey station and
pillars for —
a) 8 (eight) Triangulation station Sq. Km Rs. 40/-
b) 36 (Thirty six) Traverse Station Sq. Km Rs. 54/- 86,000 360,34,000
c) Stone embedding for 400 (four
hundred) traverse stations Sq. Km Rs. 60/-
d) Petty repair of instrument, tent,
store and miscellaneous works. Hectare Rs. 8/-
TOTAL OVER HEAD COST/
CHARGE Hectare Rs. 419/- 86,000 360,34,000

136
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
B. DETAILED SURVEY
Labour for —
i) Carriage of Survey equipment, tent,
store, record, etc. to the field and from
place to place in the field. Hectare Rs. 110/-
ii) Ground preparation for survey station
and survey line preparation etc. Hectare Rs. 210/-
iii) Embedding boundary pillars Hectare Rs. 100/- 80,000 3,42,40,000
iv) Petty repairs of Instruments tent store
and miscellaneous works. Hectare Rs. 8/-
TOTAL OVER HEAD
COST/ CHARGE Hectare Rs. 428/- 80,000 3,42,40,000
GRAND TOTAL OVER
HEAD/ CHARGE Hectare Rs. 847/- 82,968 7,02,74,000
(Rupees seven hundred and two lakhs seventy four thousand) only
5. PURCHASE OF SURVEY, DRAWING, PRINTING / EQUIPMENT /
TECHNICAL STATIONERIES = Rs. 18,10,000.00
The lack of Survey and Drawing etc. equipment hampered the progress work in land
survey. It is therefore an urgent need to equip survey personnel with modern survey and
drawing etc. equipment. Hence, the following equipment with total cost of Rs. 18,10,000.00
are proposed to be purchase for the same Project as: -
6. PURCHASE OF SURVEY, DRAWING, PRINTING / COMPUTER HARDWARE
/ EQUIPMENT/ TECHNICAL STATIONERIES = Rs. 18,10,000.00
(a) LIST OF SURVEY, DRAWING & PRINTING EQUIPMENT
Sl. Item Quantity Rate Amount
No. (in Rs.) (in Rs.)
01 TOPCON-GTS-223 Total Station 1 Set 10,10,000.00 10,10,000.00
02 Plane Table Survey Instrument with
Sight Rule 60 Sets 5,500.00 3,30,000.00
03 Survey Tent
(i) 9' x 8' 15 Nos. 19,500.00 2,97,500.00
05 Measuring Tape (30m) 600 Nos. 250.00 1,50,000.00
06 Calculator (Ordy) 130 Nos. 250.00 32,500.00
TOTAL = Rs.18,10,000.00

137
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
7. HIRING OF VEHICLES = Rs. 30,00,000.00
Survey Operation has required transportation of Survey Party in the interior areas of
rural areas. Due to lack of Departmental vehicle it is required to engage private vehicles on hire
bases during the field season. Hence, Rs. 30,00,000.00 is provided to meet such expenses.
8. CONSTRUCTION OF SURVEY WORK CAMP = Rs. 25,00,000.00
The Survey Party will be provided with Survey Tents and whereas the labours
engaged for the survey works are to encamp in the temporary Survey Camps in the jungle. It
is therefore required to construct survey work camps is about 500 Nos. Hence,
Rs.25,00,000.00 is provided herewith to meet such expenses.
9. CONSTRUCTION OF RECORD ROOMS AND FIXTURES = Rs. 13,06,000.00
Field Records as well as Land Records are required for permanent retrieval for current
and future uses. Hence, Rs. 13,06,000.00 is provided for construction of Record Rooms and
Fixtures at District Offices at Six District Offices and Directorate Offices.
10. YEARWISE PHYSICAL/ FINANCIAL TARGETS
Year Physical target Financial target Remarks
in Sq. Km (Rs. in lakhs)
2004-2005 129.00 120.00
2005-2006 172.00 160.00
2006-2007 215.00 200.00
2007-2008 215.00 200.00
2008-2009 129.00 120.00
TOTAL 860.00 800.00
(Rupees eight hundred lakhs) only.

Introduction:
138
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
SERICULTURE
MULBERRY SILK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
UNDER BAMBOO FLOWERING & FAMINE CAMBAT SCHEME
The tiny State Mizoram known as land of Bamboo flower consisting 8 districts
(Aizawl, Champhai, Serchhip, Lunglei, Saiha, Kolasib, Mamit, Lawngtlai) has a total area of
21,081 sq. Km with a population of about 8,91,058 as per 2001 Census. The State share its
boundaries with Assam, Tripura and Manipur in the North and West respectively and
international boundaries covering about 722 Km with Myanmar in the East and South by
Bangladesh. The climatic condition of the State is mixture of tropical and temperate based on
the altitude of the hills. The temperature of the State varies from 31-10 degree Celsius due to
vast variation in the altitude of hills. The average rainfall of the State is 2584 mm. The
rainfall starts by 3 rd week of March and continues up to October. About 65 % of the total area
of the State is covered by Forest, which are under Protected Reserved, River Line Reserved,
Inner Line Reserved, Road Side Reserved, Wildlife Reserved, Tiawger Reserved, Station
Reserved and Un classified categories. The State is endowed with numerous flora and fauna,
which include varieties of sericigenous insects and their food <strong>plan</strong>ts. The climatic condition
of the State is suitable for commercial exploitation of Mulberry, Muga, Eri and Oak Tasar
silks.
Agriculture is the primary occupation of the rural people of Mizoram. Although
sericulture was introduced in the then Mizo district of Assam during 1949, due to
communication bottleneck, insurgency etc. Sericulture activities could not flourished nicely.
However, Mizoram had made an excellent breakthrough in the field of sericulture in the last
decade. Besides, agriculture and horticulture, sericulture provides subsidiary income to about
5000 families in the State. The Mulberry is practised in the districts of Aizawl, Kolasib,
Champhai etc. The art of weaving of cotton and silk fabric has long been closely associated
with culture and tradition amongst the women folk of Mizoram.
Topography
The Mizoram is a hilly State having varied topography with high and low terrain
excepting a few stretches of plain areas already utilized for paddy cultivation (wet). The hill
slopes of State are steep and covered by low productive forests (65%) or remain fallow. Thus
is available in abundance.
Soil
The soil profile of the State is varies between hills and plains. In the plains, it is
mostly alluvial and laterite, acidic in nature while in hills is largely residual. The soil type of
the State is sandy loam to clayey fine loamy in nature and also rich with humus. The pH of
the soil ranges from 4.5 to 5.9 with high to medium organic carbons with Carbon index of
1.69 to 3.00, available phosphorus of 10 Kg to 280 Kg per hectare with 0.96 to 2.00 P index.
The soil have low zinc. Boron & Molybdenum content and high Iron concentrations.

139
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Climate
The State is having both tropical and temperate with moderate summer in plains
where as in hilly areas the temperature remains cool throughout the year. The annual
precipitation in the State ranges from 218 cm to 269 cm.
The relative humidity in the State remain considerably high being 85.95 % owing to
the heavy precipitation ; it ranges between 80-85 % during spring & winter and
85-95 % during summer and rainy seasons. The temperature ranges between 31 to 10 degrees
Celsius.
The month wise details on Temperature and Relative humidity (1996) are indicated
below: -
Sl. Month Temperature (degree Celsius) Humidity (%)
No.
Max. Min. Average Max. Min. Average
1 January 20.40 10.00 17.20 88 51 69.50
2 February 27.80 11.10 19.50 94 60 77.00
3 March 28.90 13.30 21.10 94 60 77.00
4 April 28.90 15.60 22.30 88 35 61.50
5 May 30.60 16.70 23.70 89 61 75.00
6 June 30.00 13.30 21.70 89 68 78.50
7 July 31.10 18.90 25.00 89 69 79.00
8 August 28.90 16.70 22.80 94 71 82.50
9 September 28.90 18.90 23.90 94 74 84.00
10 October 28.30 13.30 20.80 95 71 83.00
11 November 26.60 11.10 18.90 94 77 85.50
12 December 25.60 10.00 17.80 94 62 73.00
People
The State is primarily an agrarian inhabited by people of diverse Ethnic, Linguistic
origin. About 99.9 % population belongs to different tribes
Present status of Mulberry Culture
Physical Progress: Table indicates production of Mulberry cocoon and raw silk in the
State for the last 7 years.
Year Mulberry Area Cocoon Production Raw Silk Production
(Hectarage)
(MT)
(MT)
1997-1998 550 19.00 0.38
1998-1999 550 24.00 0.50
1999-2000 1200 26.00 1.60
2000-2001 870 41.00 2.00
2001-2002 300 42.5 2.06
2002-2003 1418 45.00 2.20
2003-2004 1630 45.00 2.50

140
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Financial achievement
Year Allocation of Plan
Actual Expenditure
(Rs. in lakh)
(Rs. in lakh)
1997-1998 175.00 175.14
1998-1999 200.00 223.98
1999-2000 235.00 254.00
2000-2001 220.00 218.00
2001-2002 220.00 220.00
2002-2003 220.00 220.00
2003-2004 243.00 243.00
Infrastructure
Mizoram has an Independent Department of Sericulture headed by a Director
of Sericulture. The table given below indicates the details of infrastructure facilities available
under Mulberry sector both under State and central sector for developmental of mulberry silk
industry in the state :
Particular Unit under State Unit under Central
Research extension Centre 0 01
Mulberry Farms 12 0
Chowki Rearing Centres 6 0
Technical Service Central 02 0
Weaving Centres 01 0
Dyeing Centre 01 0
Sericulture training Institute &
01 0
Demonstration Farm
Seed Preservation Centre 01 0
Reeling & Spinning Centres 01 0
Silk Reeling & Twisting Factory 01 0
Technical Staff
186
Manpower
Ministerial Staff
97
PROJECT RATIONALE
Total
283
Importance of mulberry culture in sustaining a sizable rural population of North
Eastern State is well known. At present, around 3 MT of mulberry cocoon are produced in the
Mizoram state. The trend of production of mulberry raw silk shows an incremental trend
during last few years. It seems that various schemes launched during VIII & IX Plan period
had given impetus in the development of mulberry silk industry. Further the topography and
climate prevail in the state supplement potential to produce Bivoltine silk and sustain the seed
production activity to cater the need of the neighboring States. However, adherence to ageold
traditional practices and use the primitive reeling & spinning devices in most of the areas
are the limiting factors for slow growth of silk production and utilization. Besides nonadoption
of improved technologies, absence of market infrastructure and supporting linkages

141
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
are major constraints for the development of the silk industry. Major quantity of cocoons is
flowing out of the state due to lack of adequate marketing & reeling facilities and traditional
practices of value addition. The non-conversion of huge quantity of mulberry cocoon into silk
is depriving the state from employment and sustenance of the Industry. Thus there is urgent
need to organize the above sector to augment the production of yarn/fabric for additional
income generation and employment for the reasons stated below:
Upliftment of rural poverty through promotion of employment generating economic
activities for both skilled and non-skilled persons.
To popularize improved techniques of raising of <strong>plan</strong>tation & silkworm rearing in the
private sector by providing adequate assistance and training.
Scope of value addition through regulated market support & conversion of cocoons,
silk waste and cut cocoons to yarn and utilization of the same to produce finished
product indigenously.
Use of Waste-land for propagating high yielding mulberry <strong>plan</strong>tation.
Qualitative and quantitative improvement in silk reeling, spinning & twisting
activities through introduction of improved devices and training to fulfill the domestic
requirement in the state as well as outside the State.
Conservation of Bio-diversity and sustainable economic activities.
Project Genesis
Considering the potential of using Sericulture as a tool to wean away devastating
Jhum Cultivation together with the role it plays towards reconstruction of rural economy in
the state and after realising the success of various shames implemented during the VII and IX
Plan period, the State Level Committee on preparation for Impending Gregarious Bamboo
Flowering in 2006-07 has selected/included Sericulture as one of the items/trades to
effectively combat with the possible occurrence of catastrophic famine due to sudden and
large scale destruction of paddy crop by rodents.
Accordingly a Project on Mulberry Silk Development in Mizoram has been prepared
with the following components :-
Duration of the project - Five Years ( 2004-05 to 2008-2009)
Area to be covered - 1300 hectares
Districts to be covered - Aizawl, Mamit, Kolasib, Champhai, Serchhip
and Lunglei
No. of Beneficiaries - 1300 Nos.

142
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The broad objectives of the project are :
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
To combat the possible catastrophic famine due to bamboo flowering.
To enhance annual Mulberry Silk Production from 3:00 MT to 50 MT.
To enhance employment by way of developing entrepreneurs for various activities like
reeling, spinning, dyeing, weaving, processing and garment production.
Creating awareness among the rural populace particularly women folk about silk
activities and its potential to remove poverty.
To bring technology up-gradation among the users group through training and input
support for taking up cocoon and silk production activities.
Improving managerial ability for ensuring management of group activities like
reeling and weaving in an economically viable manner.
To promote gainful utilisation of the cocoons produced in the State for value addition
and forward linkages.
Identify thrust areas, and bridge the gaps for comprehensive development of Mulberry
Culture in Mizoram during the X th <strong>plan</strong> period.
To upgrade and create infrastructural facilities under the State sector for supporting
the Sericulture development in the State in more effective way.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The project emphasizes to privatize all sericulture and silk processing activities
except multiplication and production of silkworm seed, which would be carried out
and managed by the Directorate of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram.
Beneficiaries in the target areas would be motivated to adopt mulberry silk activities
to enhance their income for sustenance of livelihood.
The Beneficiaries would be organized in cluster al village level, which would be
coordinated in the Block, and District level through District Sericulture Offices, Govt.
of Mizoram under the control of Directorate of Sericulture.
The beneficiaries would be trained on latest technologies related to Mulberry silk
production activities and also for acquisition of managerial and technical skill for
taking up production activities.

143
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The beneficiaries would be guided and assisted for raising of Mulberry <strong>plan</strong>tation at
minimum of 1.00 hact. per farmer and taking Mulberry silkworm rearing in a viable
manner by giving stress on quality and productivity of cocoons for better returns.
The Directorate of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram will be assisted to create facilities
for multiplication of Parental Seed and production of commercial Mulberry Silkworm
Seed.
The DOS, Mizoram would be adequately assisted for providing marketing linkages for
cocoon growers, reelers and weavers by organizing the reelers and weavers groups
and entrepreneurs for producing raw materials and finished products as per the
demand for National/International markets.
Effort would be made to develop Self-reliance among the beneficiaries and ensure
management by local initiatives thereby reducing extent of dependence on
Government Agencies.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project envisaged to assist individual farmers groups for raising of mulberry
<strong>plan</strong>tation both for commercial and seed cocoon production activities.
The cooperative/Self Help Groups will be provided with improved Multi end /Cottage
reeling facilities to utilize the cocoon produced in the project on one hand and to
enhance the productivity and quality of the silk on the other, besides facilitating
market avenues at different levels.
Establishment of marketing linkages amongst cocoon growers, reelers & weavers.
Imparting training to farmers/entrepreneurs and officials on different technical
aspects, project implementation and management.
The linkage between different components proposed under the project are
highlighted below:
Linkage from Dfls to Silk Production
Particulars Target
Estimated Raw silk (MT) 50
Production of Reeling Cocoons (MT) 500
Total acreage to be covered (hectares) 1300
Production of Commercial Dfls (Lakh Nos.) 13
Commercial Rearers (Nos.) 1300

144
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Sl.
No
Components
Physical
Target
Financial
Target
1 Assistance to commercial rearer 1300 1014.12
2 Construction of Chowki Rearing Houses 10 25.00
3 Rasing of basic <strong>plan</strong>tation under Governments sector (hact.) 20 7.23
4 Establishment of Marketing facilities 3 68.00
5 Human Resource Development 4.63
Total 1128.98
Project Location
The Project will cover the six Districts of Mizoram namely - Aizawl, Mamit, Kolasib,
Champhai, Serchhip and Lunglei. The Lai and Mara Districts are excluded since there are
ongoing special SGSY Projects in these Districts.
Project components
The Mulberry Silk Development Project will comprise of the following component as
follows:
A. Raising of Basic Mulberry Plantation
The Project envisage to cover 1300 hactares ( @ 1 hact/farmer ) of land for
commercial rearers under high yielding mulberry varieties like S-1365; TR10; V1 etc. During
the 1 st year of the Project supply of Mulberry Cuttings shall be arranged by the Department of
Sericulture from its available sources. From the 2 nd and 3 rd year onwards cuttings shall be
arranged from the basic <strong>plan</strong>tation raised by the Government during the first year of the
project. It is proposed to cover 1300 hectares during the 5 years project @ 260 hact. per year.
The cuttings/saplings required per year is 26 lakhs nos. The basic <strong>plan</strong>tation of the
Government sector will supplement the cuttings requirements from the second year onwards.
The total requirement of cuttings for the whole project is 130 lakhs nos.
The Physical and Financial Targets are appended at Annexure-I, II & III and Unit
Cost at Annexure-V.
B. Assistance to Commercial Rearer
Under the component, it is proposed to assist the individual commercial rearer by
raising 3000 hact. of systematic mulberry <strong>plan</strong>tation at ‘3x’3 spacing @ 1 hact. by each
rearer. A minimum unit area of 1.0 hact, per commercial rearer will be raised by
accommodating 10000 <strong>plan</strong>ts//hact. The Directorate of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram will
supply the required 10000 cuttings. Each beneficiary will be assisted with land development
cost of Rs. 12700/- and Plantation development cost of Rs. 21780/-. Besides, rearing
appliances, disinfectants and silkworm seed cost worth Rs. 23460/- will be provided to
conduct silkworm rearing. The DOS, Mizoram (IA) would arrange 2000/- dfls/year @ 400
dfls/crop per beneficiary (per 1.0 hact. <strong>plan</strong>tation) from Government seed Production Centres
against payment @ Rs. 2.00 per dfls.
Apart from the above, each commercial rearer (CR) will be assisted for construction
of low cost rearing house worth Rs. 20000/- each. The assistance will be Rs. 10,000/- each
i.e. 50% of the estimated cost.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
i) Development of <strong>plan</strong>tation
The low bush type systematic <strong>plan</strong>tation will be initially raised at 3’x3’ spacing
adopting the package of practices recommended by Central Silk Board. The <strong>plan</strong>tation raised
with nearly 8-12 months old cuttings will be ready for harvesting of leaves for feeding to
silkworm. The rearing capacity of the <strong>plan</strong>tation will be 2000 dfls per 1.0 hact. in third year
onwards.
Once the <strong>plan</strong>tation is settled, the commercial rearer may uproot one alternate row
after 3 years of <strong>plan</strong>tation and the <strong>plan</strong>tation may be maintained as Low tree type <strong>plan</strong>tation
with a canopy height at 6 feet above the ground level to avoid grazing and regular
maintenance problems.
ii) Commercial Rearing
Each beneficiary will be provided rearing equipments and working capital for
conducting commercial rearing @ Rs. 43507.00 after 8 to twelve months of the <strong>plan</strong>tation in
the year itself. The assistance is 75% of the estimated cost and the beneficiaries has to bear
Rs. 14503.00 each i.e. 25%.
The total financial outlay proposed under the component is Rs. 754.13 lakhs.
The year-wise phasing of Physical and Financial Outlays is appended at
Annexure – I, II & III and unit cost at Annexure – VI.
C. Assistance for Rearing House facility
Unlike other variety of silkworms, Mulberry silkworm is more sensitive to climatic
variations and food quality. Their rearing and culture requires more hygienic conditions and
minimum variations in temperature and humidity. Most of the rearer in Mizoram are not
having separate rearing house for conducting rearing of silkworm. By and large rearers in
Mizoram are conducting silkworm rearing in their dwelling house.
Therefore, the project envisage to assist all the selected beneficiaries for construction
of low cost rearing house worth Rs. 20,000/- each rearer. The assistance will be Rs. 10,000/-
each i.e. 50% of the estimated cost.
D. Assistance for Community Chowki Rearing Centres (CCRC)
As envisaged in the project about 13.00 lakhs dfls. will be reared every
Year from fourth year onwards by covering 1300 commercial rerers @ 2.60 lakh dfls. in each
crop/season. Since Bivoltine rearing requires utmost care during early instars hence, to ensure
the good harvest it is proposed to assist Chowki Rearing Centres on community basis. Under
the component commercial rearers will be organized as self help group/cooperative Society to
conduct chowki rearing for the beneficiaries available in a cluster.
Each Community Chowki Rearing Centre would be assisted to rear 26000 Mulberry
dfls. each crop. To rear the 26000 dfls., assistance will be provided for construction of one
Rearing House worth Rs. 250000/- in each Community Chowki Rearing Centre, beside, the
required quantity of rearing appliances viz. Dallas, Rearing Stand and Disinfectant will also
provided. The Community Chowki Rearing Centre will be manned by the Self Help
Group/Society under patronage of Directorate of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram. The
activities of the CCRC will be supervised and monitored by the Technical officials of the

146
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
department of Sericulture. The required quantity of mulberry leaves & labour inputs etc.
would be made available by the rearers themselves from their own mulberry garden
developed under the project. A nominal amount may be charged from each rearers which can
be utilized for maintenance of the building and appliances of CCRC.
It is proposed to establish 10 nos. of Community Chowki Rearing Centres with a
financial provision of Rs. 25.00 lakhs.
E. Assistance for Marketing Facilities
There are no organized marketing facilities in Mizoram for disposal of the silk
products. Marketing, as on today, is the weakest link in the silk industry in Mizoram. The
traders and govt. are purchasing the mulberry cocoons from the growers’ doorstep at nonremunerative
price. To realize a rational marketing system in the project area, there is a need
to create adequate infrastructure for marketing of cocoon, raw silk, fabric and finished
products with strong backward and forward linkages with user groups inside and outside the
State under the project. To undertake this responsibility, it is proposed to provide suitable
equipments and infrastructure for storage of silk commodities, cocoon drying, storage,
auction and trading facilities, besides revolving capital and training to the department. The
DOS, Mizoram will coordinate the whole activity by organizing following societies :
1. Organization of Cocoon Growers Cooperative Society.
2. Organization of Marketing facilities inside and outside the State.
3. Organize awareness campaign for formation of Self Help Groups to take up
silk reeling and weaving activities.
The DOS will procure the cocoons from the Market Yard and supply it to the Govt.
Reeling units for conversion of cocoon into yarn. The trans<strong>action</strong> will be made as per price
fixed by the Price Fixation Committee. Besides this the Department will Coordinate Training
and extension publicity for reeling/weaving and marketing of silk commodities in and outside
the State.
Establishment of Cocoon Market Yard
In order to provide better Market opportunities to the rearer it is proposed to establish
one Market Yard in three of the Project districts, which will be manned by DOS, Mizoram
initially. The proposed Market Yards will function as a contact point between buyers &
sellers and will also help the rearers in getting better price. The required infrastructure, such
as Building with storage facilities, Stifling Chamber, Cocoon Grading Equipments, Balance,
etc. will be provided under the Project. The Market Yard will also have facilities like
dormitory for lodging, toilet, etc. The trans<strong>action</strong> of cocoons will be held as per bidding over
the floor prices if there are more buyers to purchase the cocoons.
The Market Yard will charge 1% of the total sale proceed from each farmer as service
charge for maintenance of building and equipments. A total provision of Rs. 68.00 lakh is
earmarked under the component.
The year wise Physical and Financial details are appended at Annexure – I, II & III
and Unit cost of Cocoon Market Yard at Annexure – VII.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
F. Human Resource Development
The Human Resource Development component comprises the following training
components :
(i) Beneficiaries Training Programme
Since, Bivoltine sericulture is a new to the farmers of Mizoram State and needs lots of
care during the rearing, all the 1300 commercial rearers covered under the project will be
extended training for a period of one month on raising a <strong>plan</strong>tation, maintenance and
silkworm rearing. Necessary provision has been earmarked for hiring training hall,
accommodation, TA/DA, contingencies, honorarium for trainers, etc. A lump sum of
Rs. 1,000 per farmer has been earmarked.
(ii) Trainers Training Programme
The trainers Training for a period of 15 days will be provided to different level
officers covering District Level Technical Officers and Field Level Technical Officers. A
total of 25 officials will be trained under trainers training programme in 1 (one) batch. Each
Trainers training programme comprising of 25 persons will be arranged with a budget of Rs.
1.625 lakh. The training may be organized drawing Resource Persons from Central Silk
Board. A total provision of Rs. 1.63 lakh has been earmarked under the component.
The unit cost for Trainers Training Programme is appended at Annexure – VIII.
The year-wise phasing for Physical and Financial details is appended at Annexure – I,
II & III. Total provision made under the component is Rs. 14.63 lakh that will be entirely
born by the Government.
Funding
The Govt. of India (Doner) would make the entire required fund for the project.
Cost Sharing
The component-wise Physical and Financial Outlays, year-wise proposed costs and its
sharing pattern are indicated in Annexure – I, II, III & IV.
The proposed costs are be shared by the Govt. of India and the beneficiaries.
(Rs. in lakh)
Total Outlay Govt. of India (GOI) Beneficiary
Project Cost Govt. of share (GOI) Beneficiaries share
1128.98 800.46 318.53
The beneficiary’s contribution of Rs. 318.53 lakh is mainly towards labour
involvement for land development, <strong>plan</strong>tation and construction of rearing houses. The Govt.
of India will bear the expenditure towards assistance on Project components under Prime
Minister Economic Package for North Eastern States/Non Lapsable pool Fund towards
investment on infrastructure at beneficiary level, strengthening of existing infrastructures to
fill gaps, skill upgradation, extension & publicity, market development and project
administration and monitoring.

148
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Release of Funds
The Govt. of India, Delhi will release the proposed share/fund to the Department of
Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram directly which in turn would release the required fund based
on Action Plan to the District Sericulture Officers, of the concerned districts.
Project Benefits/Outputs
Silk industry contributes to the State economy in a significant way. The Mulberry
Silk Development Programme is expected to provide better income generation and
employment opportunities to the women folk, Self Help Groups, Societies and other weaker
section of the society leading to a better standard of living. With the implementation of the
project, it is expected that both on farm and non-farm sectors will get necessary fillip and
Bivoltine Silk Industry will get sound footing.
I. Employment
Sericulture is a labour intensive avocation and has great potential to create more
employment opportunities per unit area. It is estimated that one kg of mulberry silk
production and processing will provide employment 13 man-year per acre. At the 3 rd year
level, the employment generation will be to the tune of 16900 man-years in both on-farm and
non-farm sectors.
II. Production
As a result of implementing the project, the following quantities of Bivoltine P1 Dfls,
Seed Cocoons, Commercial Raw Silk, Spun Silk, Commercial cocoons, Seed cocoons and
Seed production will be produced during the project period at the level of 3 rd year of the
project.
OUTPUT UNIT QUANTITY
P1 dfls Nos. 32,000
Commercial dfls Nos. 13,00,000
Commercial cocoons MT 500
Raw silk MT 50
Spun silk MT 20
III. Income
The Project aims to individual Rearer/Self Help Group/Society to generate sustainable
income through expanding his/her asset and skill base from the Bivoltine Rearing, Reeling
and weaving activities.
The project envisages an assured income of Rs. 96,000-12,000 to a commercial rearer
per annum.
The year-wise production economics are indicated in ANNEXURE – IX.

149
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
The project aims at bringing about quantitative improvement in the Bivoltine
Mulberry silk industry through the State intervention and rural populace participation. The
incremental project investments are proposed mainly in building up an effective seed
organization, investments in improved post cocoon activities, and skill upgradation through
training and finally development of better marketing system. Besides this, the participation
by individual as rearer, seed producer, reeler and weaver through investment is also
envisaged. Thus, integration of all activities from <strong>plan</strong>tation development to yarn production,
private investment is required and hence, it becomes imperative to assess the economic
viability of the activities. The economic analysis has revealed appreciable rate of return and
established its economic viability.
REPORTING FORMAT
The Director of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram will collect the Monthly/Quarterly
progress report from the field units (FIA) and compile it. The Joint Project Committee will
review the monthly progress report regularly. The DOS, Mizoram to the State Level Steering
Committee to review the progress of the Project, will place the quarterly progress report.
Sl.
No.
Sl.
No.
FORMAT FOR REPORTING
Physical
Item Target Achievement Cumulative
Progress since
inception of the
Project
For the For the year During Up to end
Project
period
quarter of quarter
Financial
Item Target Achievement Cumulative
Progress since
inception of the
Project
For the For the year During Up to end
Project
period
quarter of quarter

Date :
Place :
150
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT
Signature of DOS/District Sericulture Officer
A Committee may be constituted comprising the following members for yearly
evaluation of the Project:
01 The Director of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram Chairman
02 Representative from RDO, CSB, Guwahati Member
03 Deputy Director of Sericulture & Weaving, Govt. of Mizoram Convener
04 Concerned District Sericulture Officers Member
The final evaluation may be carried out in the year 2009 i.e. after completion of the
Project. An External Agency may be involved to carry out the evaluation of the Project, if
needed. A provision of Rs. 1.00 lakh has been kept under the evaluation head.
MIZORAM MULBERRY SILK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL TARGETS
Annexure – I
Sl.
Components Unit
(Rs. in lakhs)
Targets
No.
Physical Financial
1 Assistance to Commercial Rearers
Raising of basic <strong>plan</strong>tation (Govt. Sector) Hact. 20 7.23
Land Development Hact. 1300 165.10
Raising of Plantation Hact. 1300 304.98
Construction of Chowki Rearing houses No. 10 25.00
Construction of Rearing Houses No. 1300 260.00
Supply of Rearing equipments No. 1300 284.05
Sub-Total - 1046.36
2 Establishment of Marketing Facilities
Cocoon Market Yard No. 2 28.00
Assistance for Marketing (Cocoon price) No. 1 40.00
Sub – Total - 68.00
3 Human Resource Development
Trainers’ Training Programme No. 25 1.63
Commercial Farmers’ Training Programme No. 1300 13.00
Sub – Total - 14.63
GRAND TOTAL 1128.99

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151
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
MULBERRY SILK DEVELOPMENTPROJECT IN MIZORAM
YEAR-WISE FINANCIAL PHASING
Components Total
Outlay 2004-
2005
Assistance to Commercial Rearers
Raising of basic <strong>plan</strong>tation
(Govt. Sector)
Annexure – II
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year-wise Break-up
2005- 2006- 2007- 2008-
2006 2007 2008 2009
7.23 - 7.23 - - -
Land Development 165.10 24.76 33.02 41.28 41.28 24.76
Raising of Plantation
(Private)
304.98 45.75 60.99 76.24 76.24 45.75
Construction of Chowki
Rearing houses
25.00 - 12.50 12.50 - -
Construction of Rearing
houses
260.00 39.00 52.00 65.00 65.00 39.00
Supply of Rearing
equipments
284.05 42.61 56.81 71.01 71.01 42.61
Sub-Total 1046.36 152.12 222.55 266.03 253.53 152.12
2 Establishment of Marketing Facilities
Cocoon Market Yard 28.00 - 14.00 14.00 - -
Assistance for Marketing
(Cocoon price)
40.00 - 25.00 15.00 - -
Sub – Total 68.00 - 39.00 29.00 - -
3 Human Resource Development
Trainers’ Training Prog. 1.63 - 1.63 - - -
Commercial Farmers’
Training Programme
13.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Sub – Total 14.63 1.00 4.63 3.00 3.00 3.00
GRAND TOTAL 1128.98 153.12 266.18 298.03 256.53 155.12

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152
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
MULBERRY SILK DEVELOPMENTPROJECT IN MIZORAM
YEAR-WISE PHYSICAL TARGETS
Components
Total
target
Assistance to Commercial Rearers
Raising of basic <strong>plan</strong>tation
(Govt. (Hact.)
2004-
2005
Year-wise Target
2005-
2006
2006-
2007
Annexure – III
2007-
2008
2008-
2009
20 - 20 - - -
Land Development (Nos.) 1300 195 260 325 325 195
Raising of Plantation (Private) 1300 195 260 325 325 195
Construction of Chowki
Rearing houses (Nos.)
10 - 5 - - -
Construction of Rearing
houses (Nos.)
1300 195 260 325 325 195
Supply of Rearing
equipments (Nos.)
Establishment of
Marketing Facilities
1300 195 260 325 325 195
2 Cocoon Market Yard 2 - 1 1 - -
Assistance for Marketing
(Cocoon price)
Human Resource
Development
1 - 1 - - -
3 Trainers’ Training
Programme
25 - - - - -
Commercial Farmers’
Training Programme
1300 100 300 300 300 300
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MULBERRY SILK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN MIZORAM
FUNDING PATTERN
Components
Govt.’s
Share
Beneficiaries
Annexure – IV
(Rs. in lakhs)
Total
Assistance to Commercial Rearers
Raising of basic <strong>plan</strong>tation (Govt. Sector) 7.23 - 7.23
Land Development 123.82 41.28 165.10
Raising of Plantation (Pvt.) 228.74 76.24 304.98
Construction of Chowki Rearing houses 25.00 - 25.00
Construction of Rearing houses 130.00 130.00 260.00
Supply of Rearing equipments 213.04 71.01 284.05
Sub-Total 717.83 318.53 1046.36

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153
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Components
Govt.’s
Share
(Rs. in lakhs)
Beneficia-
Total
ries
2 Establishment of Marketing Facilities
Cocoon Market Yard 28.00 - 28.00
Assistance for Marketing (Cocoon price) 40.00 - 40.00
Sub – Total 68.00 - 68.00
3
Human Resource Development
Trainers’ Training Programme 1.63 - 1.63
Commercial Farmers’ Training Programme 13.00 - 13.00
Sub – Total 14.63 - 14.63
GRAND TOTAL 800.46 318.53 1128.98
Unit Cost for development of 1.0 hact. Basic Mulberry Plantation
Under Govt. Sector
Sl.No Particulars Qty. Rate
(Rs.)
A.
1.
2.
Land Development
Cleaning & Land development
Labour wages for 50 mandays (Family)
Annexure – V
Total
Amount
(Rs.)
50 84.00 4200.00
Green fencing with bamboo (lump sum) - - 8500.00
Sub-Total 12700.00
B. Raising of <strong>plan</strong>tation
1. Raising of cuttings cost for 10000 saplings/hact.
Cost of <strong>plan</strong>tation development
10000 0.25 2500.00
2. (a) Pit digging - 70 mandays 70 84 5880.00
(b) Planting the saplings – 50 mandays 50 84 4200.00
© Agri. Implements cost (lump sum) 2500.00
(d) cost of manure (lump sum) 2500.00
(e) Application of manure 10 84 840.00
(f) Weeding 3 times 60 84 5040.00
Sub - Total 23460.00
GRAND TOTAL 36160.00

154
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure – VI
Unit Cost for Assistance to Commercial Rearers for development of 1 hact. systematic
Silkworm Rearing
Sl.
No.
A.
1
2
B.
1
2
C.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Particulars Qty Rate Total Amount
Land development
(Rs.) (Rs.)
Cleaning & Land development Labour Wages
for 50 mandays (Family)
50 84.00 4200.00
Green fencing with bamboo (lump-sum)
8500.00
Sub-total 12700.00
Raising of <strong>plan</strong>tation
Cost of cuttings 3’x3’ spacing @ 10000
sapling/hact.
Cost of <strong>plan</strong>tation development
10000 0.25 2500.00
(a) Pit digging – 70 mandays
70 84 5880.00
(b) Planting the sapling – 50 mandays
50 84 4200.00
(c) Agri. Implement cost
2500.00
(d) Cost of manure (Lump-sum)
2500.00
(e) Application of manure
10 84 840.00
(f) Weeding – 3 times
60 84 5040.00
Sub-total 23460.00
Construction of Rearing House (Assam
type) 24’x15’
Rearing Tray 200 Nos. @ Rs. 20/-
Rearing nets. 200 Nos. @ Rs. 25/-
Plastic Mountage 50 Nos. @ Rs. 120/-
Rearing racks (wooden) 6’x4’x2’
Leaf chamber
1
200
200
50
5
1
20000
20
25
120
1250
600
20000.00
4000.00
5000.00
6000.00
6250.00
600.00
Total 41850.00
Grand total 78010.00
The beneficiary will be assisted @ Rs. 53510/- each and the remaining has be borne
by the beneficiary (Family manpower). The assistance in the case of Rearing House will be
50% and for all other items the beneficiaries have to bear 25%.

Sl.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
155
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Unit Cost for Cocoon Market Yard
Annexure-VII
Particulars Quantity Rate Amount
(Rs)
Fixed cost
Functional Building with the provision of office
rooms, cocoon storage and dormitory alongwith
toilet facility (sq.mtr.)
Hot air Stifling Chamber
Cocoon Storage Rack
Weighing Balance
Cocoon Assessment Balance
Office furniture
Steel Almirah
Chairs
Tables
Stools
Tube Well with drinking water supply system
160
1
30
1
1
5500
80000
10000
10000
10000
880000
80000
300000
10000
10000
2 4000 8000
20 500 10000
2 1000 2000
10 300 3000
60000
Generator
1 37000 37000
Total 1400000
Unit Cost of Organisation of Trainers Training Programme
(for 15 days 25 trainees per batch)
Annexure-VIII
Particulars Quantity Rate Amount (Rs)
Hotel Accommodation (per day per trainee)
and dormitory alongwith toilet facility (sq.mtr.)
26 150 58500
Tea/Snacks/Working Lunch etc.
26 100 39000
Dinner / Breakfast
60 26 39000
Honorarium to Resource Person
30 200 6000
Honorarium to Coordinator Person
15 200 3000
Expenditure on Stationary etc. (per day)
15 300 4500
Hiring of Bus for field visit
1 3000 3000
Miscellaneous
3000
Hiring of Conference Hall
13 500 6500
Total 162500

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6
7
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156
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Annexure – IX
YEAR-WISE PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK AND ECONOMIC VALUE
Particulars
Acreage covered during the year
Cumulative Acreage
Dfls. reared
Average yield/100 dfls. (Kg)
Quantity of cocoons produced (MT)
Average reditta
Raw silk production (MT)
Cost of 1 Kg Raw silk (Rs.)
Total Value of Reeled silk (in lakh
Rs.)
2004-
2005
195
195
-
40
2005-
2006
260
455
195000
40
78.00
10
7.80
1200
93.60
2006-
2007
325
780
455000
40
182.00
10
18.20
1200
218.40
2007-
2008
325
1105
925000
40
370.00
10
37.00
1200
444.00
2008-
2009
195
1300
1235000
40
494.00
10
49.00
1200
592.80
Total value of silk (in lakh Rs.) 93.60 218.40 444.00 592.80
PROJECT AT A GLANCE
Name of the Project Mulberry Silk Development Project in
Mizoram
Operational Districts Aizawl, Champhai, Serchhip, Kolasib,
Mamit, Lunglei
Implementing Agency Department of Sericulture, Govt. of Mizoram
Total Project Cost (Rs. in Lakh) 1128.98
Period 2004-05 to 2008-2009 (5 years)
Basic Plantation (Hact.) 20
Number of Commercial Rearers 1300
Number of Community Chowki Rearing 10
Centres
Project Output
(i) Total Quantity Reeling Cocoon 494.00
(MT)
(ii) Total Quantity of Raw Silk
49.40
Produced (MT)
Total Project Output from Fourth years 592.80
onwards (Rs. in Lakh)
Employment Generation 16900 man-year

157
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION
INTRODUCTION:
Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combating Scheme (BAFACOS) for Soil
Conservation Engineering Measures has been formulated to generate employment
opportunity of the rural village people so that all operational activities to be carried out by
manual labourer for economic benefit to combat famine situation.
Mizoram has been experiencing Bamboo Flowering and subsequent famine at interval
of 48-50 years. The famine was observed in 1881 and the last famine occurred in the state of
Mizoram in 1959. Based upon the experience of local people and relevant facts gathered
there on, experts at I.C.AR. New Delhi warned gregarious flowering of bamboos in Mizoram
during 2005-2008. This can be taken as precursor of famine in the state.
Therefore, Soil Conservation Engineering Measures comprising erosion hazards viz.
Gully Control, Stream Bank Erosion Control and as well as Land Development programme
has been worked out for long term benefit in existing pddy grown flat areas in Mizoram.
The most important factors causing erosion in Mizoram is hydrologic factor. Water
seeps through disturbed slopes, toe cutting by rivers and torrents and pore water pressure in
the soil zone are major agents responsible for landslides. Torrents, especially in their
monsoon stages because of excessive velocities of flow and turbulence, carry out quick
removal of debris and cutting of sides. The landslides mostly take place after heavy rainfall
which has been felt by the people of Mizoram. The rain water has mainly two effects namely,
(i) It increases the effective weight of the material due to saturation, lubricates any sliding
places, especially of shale’s and (ii) causes weakening of strata e.g. if this is a clayey
structure, it will swell because of moisture intake. It is also a common observation that
generally in mountainous areas of tertiary age groups, rocks are relatively younger where
seismic activity is common. In case of fine sand, silt and losses deposits, shocks due to
blasting reduce the shear strength due to liquef<strong>action</strong> and intake sand and mud flows.
Erosion may also be caused by single or combinations of activities, unscientific
removal of land cover and fire, adaptation of improper agricultural on steep slopes, under
cutting of the base of existing slope by torrents or for road making, improper alignment of
roads on weaker and unstable rock formation. Also initiation of sliding may be caused by
gradual disintegration of soil starting with hair width cracks which subdivide the soil into
angular fragments.
The differing geological history, the varying character of the geological formations
and the contrasted physiographic make up of three geomorphic divisions also define the
pattern and the quantum of incidence of erosion hazards.
The combination of adverse factors of high relief topography, complexity folded and
faulted and highly jointed rock formation and high rainfall, besides the actively eroding
hydraulic regime of the river systems, make the extra. Peninsular terrain are most vulnerable
to large scale land slides. Further more, the inherently erosion prone slope in the
geotopographic and hydro climatic setup of Mizoram are rendered into active erosion
problem by human development activities.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
The following Soil Conservation Engineering Works has been included in this
Scheme for employment generation which will inturn benifit for agricultural sustained
productivity in the long run other than combating famine situation.
A. Gully Control Measures.
B. Stream Bank Erosion Control Measures.
C. Land Development.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Physiography : Mizoram has total geographical area of 21081 Sq.km. and has contour
variation of 100 to 2100 m. The physical feature of the area are dominated by a series of
parallel hill region. The steep hill and narrow valley are associated with complex drainage
basis. The rugged topography is expressed by the dissection of several longitudinal, valleys
between the North-South trending long parallel to sub-parallel ranges, which tend to be
higher in the middle and tapering to North and South.
Hydrology : Mizoram has an abundant rainfall and number of hill streams but run-off is
instantaneous and most of the water is quickly drained off. The months of January, February,
March, April and December is almost dry and there is acute water shortage during these
periods due to surface run off drained put quickly through the various streamlets and rivers.
Climate : The climate is humid subtropical having a mean annual humidity 71.83% The
winter temperature varies from 12.34°C to 22.41°C and in summer it varies from 20.11°C to
34.21°C. The minimum annual mean temperature is 16.65°C and the maximum annual mean
temperature is 27.74°C. The monthly temperature data with respect of maximum, mean
minimum temperature is given with tables and annexed in this chapter .
The average annual rainfall is 2740 and is influenced by impact of South West
monsoon which commences from May to October and 60-70% of the precipitation is
obtained from June to September.
CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA OF AIZAWL
Month Rainfall Humidity Temperature
(in mm) (in %) Max Mean Min
January’03 12.04 58 21.79 17.06 12.34
February’03 32.42 63 23.98 19.79 15.62
March’03 129.04 66 26.86 22.15 17.45
April’03 176.17 70 28.18 24.25 20.33
May’03 312.96 78 32.54 27.21 21.89
June’03 687.70 81 34.21 27.74 21.27
July’03 495.22 83 29.46 25.93 22.41
August’03 349.00 83 29.35 25.49 21.63
September’03 310.86 84 29.31 25.43 21.55
October’03 183.69 73 28.97 24.84 20.72
November’03 - 68 27.46 22.71 17.96
December’03 51.84 55 20.11 16.65 13.20

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Land and Soil : The soil association are typical Hapludults and Umbric Dystrochrepts
for higher altitude and Typical Undorthens and Fluventic Dytrochrepts are at zone between
500m to 1000m mean sea level. At lower than 500m the soil association are Unbric
Dystrochrepts.
Slope and Aspect : Slope and Aspect of the region are vital parameters as the degree and
direction of the slope decide the land use that it can support. Slope is also very important
while evaluating the land capability and has a direct bearing of runoff. Slope and aspects are
helpful in priotising areas for development measures and in deciding site for roads
alignments, afforestation programmes, etc.
Industries : The industrial activities are centered around small scale household
works. Weaving, Bamboo and cane works, wood carving are the traditional cottage
industries. Efforts are made to encourage small scale household industries and their
diversification. The main small scale industries registered are Tailoring Carpentry, Bakery,
Furniture Works, Motor Works, Hotel Industries, Saw Mills, Blacksmith, Goldsmith,
Weaving, etc. other them cold storage and fruit processing.
DETAILED ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
ROCK FILLED GABIONIC BOX UNIT RATE FOR 10 R/METRE
(Rate as per Schedule of rate PWD - 2003 for Northern Mizoram)
1/17(a) Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches, drains,
etc. not exceeding 2 meters depth including dressing of
sides and returning of bottom lift upto 1.50m including
getting out excavated soil as directed within a lead of
3m.
Foundation:
1 x 10.69 x 5.00 x 0.60 + 1.20 = 47.70 m 3
2
@ Rs.68.00 per m 3 ......................................... Rs.3,244.00
2/PMR Supply of 12 SWC galvanised wire of approved brand
and manufactures.
Quantity of galvanised wire for one block per layer :
(a) 1st Layer :
Lengthwise : Nos. of lines = 41 lines
= 41x (6.00 + 0.50 + 0.50) = 287.00m
Quantity = 287.00 x 5 blocks = 1435.00m
Shortwise : Nos. of lines - (6.00 0.10) + 1 = 61 lines
= 61 x 4.00 = 244.00m
Quantity = 244.00 x 5 blocks = 1220.00m
TOTAL (a) : = 2655.00m
(b) 2nd Layer :
Lengthwise : Nos. of lines constant = 41 lines
= 41 x 7.00 x 50 x 0.50 = 328.00m
Quantity : 328.00 x 4 blocks = 1312.00m

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Shortwise : Nos. of lines - (7.00 0.10) + 1 = 71 lines
= 71 x 4.00 = 284.00m
Quantity : 284.00 x blocks = 1136.00m
TOTAL (b) : = 2448.00m
(c) 3rd Layer :
Lengthwise : nos. of lines constant = 41 lines
= 41 x (8.00 + 0.50 + 0.50) = 309.00m
Quantity : 369.00 x 3 blocks = 1107.00m
Shortwise : nos. of lines - (9.00 0.10) + 1 = 91 lines
= 81 x 4.00 = 324.00m
Quantity = 324.00 x 3 blocks = 972.00m
TOTAL (c) : = 2079.00m
(d) 4th Layer :
Lengthwise : Nos. of lines constant = 41 lines
= 41 x (9.00 + 0.50 + 0.50) = 410.00m
Quantity = 410 x 3 blocks = 1230.00m
Shortwise : Nos. of lines - (9.00 0.10) + 1 = 91 lines
= 91 x 4.00 = 364.00m
Quantity = 364.00 x 3 blocks = 1092.00m
TOTAL (d) : = 2322.00m
TOTAL of (a) to (d) = 9504.00m
Add 5% wastage for knots & bunding = 475.20m
GRAND TOTAL = 9979.20
Weight in quintal = 9979.20 x 65 gm/m = 6.48 qtls
1000 x 100
@ Rs. 3500 per Qtls ............................................................. Rs. 22,703.00
3/DR Weaving of galvanised wire of whole size 10cm x 10cm
as per design/knots including fitting and fixing into its
proper shape and position.
47 D/LS @ Rs. 100.00 (ordinary) ......................................... Rs. 4700.00
4/221 Filling stones behind walls into woven galvanised nets
hand packed including supplies of stones into motorable
road size of stones (15cm to 20 cm).
1st layer : 1 x 6.00 x 5.00 = 30.00m 2
2nd layer : 1 x 7.00 x 4.00 = 28.00m 2
3rd layer : 1 x 8.00 x 3.00 = 24.00m 2
4th layer : 1 x 9.00 x 2.00 = 18.00m 2
5th layer : 1 x 9.00 x 1.00 = 9.00m 2
TOTAL : 110.00m 2 x 1.00 = 109.00m 3
@ Rs.880.70 per m 3 ................................................ Rs. 95,996.00

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
5/A(4) Carriage of stones from motorable road to worksite by
head load.
Stone 110.00 m 3 @ Rs. 121.79 per m 3 ......................... Rs. 13,397.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.1,40,040.00
Unit rate per R/meter = 1,40,040 10 = Rs. 14,000.00 (Say)
DETAILED ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STONE
RIVETMENT ON RIVER BANK OF AIZAWL EAST
(Rate Based on Mizoram PWD schedule of rate 2003 for Northern Mizoram)
1/128 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. not
exceeding 2 meters depth including dressing of bottom
and sides of trenches and subsequent filling as in
column foundations, fence posts, etc. and disposal of all
surplus soil as directed within a lead of 30 metres.
(a) Ordinary soil
Unit of length for Bank rivetment 10.00 metres
10.00 x (1.50 + 2.10) x 0.30 = 5.40m 3
2
@ Rs. 85.00 per m 3 .............................................. Rs. 459.00
2/141 Providing and laying cement concrete 1:4:8 ( 1 cement :
4 coarse sand : 8 graded stone aggregate 40mm nominal
size) excluding cost of centering and shuttering in -
All work upto foundation & pith level.
Base Foundation at river bank edge:-
10.00 x 2.00 x 0.20 = 4.00m 3
@ Rs.2,545.90 per m 3 ........................................... Rs. 10.184.00
3/207 Regular coursed rubble masonry with hard stone in
cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 fine sand) including
curing, etc. complete.
(a) Base Foundation
10.00 x 1.50 x 0.30 = 4.50m 3
@ Rs. 3431.10 per m 3 ................................. Rs. 15,440.00
(b) In superstructure for stream bank
10.00 x (1.50 + 2.10) x 0.15 = 2.70 m 3
2
@ Rs. 3,712.00 per m 3 ................................ Rs. 10,022.00
4/79 Providing and filling at the back of abutments, wing
walls, retaining walls etc. and below pipe bed in layers
not exceeding 150mm thick including watering and
comp<strong>action</strong>.
10.00 x 1.80 x 0.92 = 16.56m 3
@ Rs. 843.10 per m 3 ............................................ Rs. 13962.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs. 50,067.00
Unit Rate per R/meter is 50,067 10 = Rs. 5000.00 (Say)

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
Detailed Estimate for Construction of Hand packed Stone masonry Check Dam
(Based on P.W.D. SOR, 2000, approved for Northern Mizoram)
1/LS Site preparation etc. - LS Rs. 100.00
2/128(C) Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches or drains including dressing of
sides and ramming of bottom, lift up to 1.50m including getting out excavated soil as
directed.
(C) Ordinary rock foundation
Foundation - 1x1.80 x 1.00x3.90 = 7.02m 3
@ Rs. 77.00/m 3 ....................................................... Rs. 541.00
3/187 Construction hand packed stone walls including excavation in foundation and filling
in trenches etc. including supply of stone, labour etc. complete.
i) Foundation - 1x1.80 x 0.60x3.90 = 4.21m 3
ii) S/Structure 1x(0.90+1.50) (6.10+3.90) = 12.00m 3
2 2
TOTAL = 16.21m 3
@Rs.581.10m 3 ................................................................ Rs. 9420.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.10,061.00
Say = Rs.10,000.00
(Rupees ten thousand) only.
DETAILED ESTIMATE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF GABIONIC CHECK DAM
(Rates based as per Mizoram PWD Schedule of Rates-2000 and prevailing Market rates for
other Items not included in PWD SOR)
ONE UNIT COST - Rs. 25,000.00
1/L.S Site preparation................................................... Rs.300.00
2/27(b) Eartwork in excavation in foundation trenches or
drains including dressing of sides and ramming
of bottom lift upto 1.50m including getting out
excavated soil as directed within a lead of 30m.
Foundation :
1x3.00+5.00 1.80+1.50 - 19.80m 3
2 2
@ Rs. 84.20/m 3 .................................................. Rs. 1667.00
3/PMR Supplying of 12 S : W : G : galvanised wire of
approved brand and manufactures.
Quantity of Galvanised for one block per Layer :-

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
(a) 1st Layer :-
Length wise : Nos of lines - (4 0.10) + 1 - 41 lines.
- 41x ( 3.00+0.50+0.50) - 164.00m
Quantity - 164.00 x 3 blocks - 492.00m
Short wise - Nos of lines-(3.00 0.10)+1 - 31 lines
- 31 x 4 - 124.00
Quantity - 124.00x3 blocks - 372.00m
Total (a) - 864.00m.
(b) 2nd Layer :-
Length wise : Nos of lines Constant - 41 lines
- 41 (4.00+0.50+0.50) - 205.00m
Quantity - 205.00 x 2 blocks - 410.00m
Short wise - Nos. of lines - (4.00 0.10)+1 -41 lines
- 41 x 4 - 164.00m
Quantity - 164.00 x 2 blocks - 328.00m
Total (b) - 738.00m
(c) 3rd Layer :-
Length wise : Nos of lines constant - 41 lines
- 41 (5.00 + 0.50 + 0.50) - 246.00m
Quantity - 245.00 x 1 block - 246.00m
Short wise - Nos.of lines - (5.00 0.10) + 1 - 51 lines
- 51 x 4 - 205.00m
Quantity - 205.00 x 1 block - 205.00m
Total (c) - 451.00m
Total of (a) to (c) - 2053.00m
Add 10% wastage for
knots & dinding - 205.30m
Grand Total - 2258.30m
Weight in quintal - 2256.30m x 65 gm/m
- 1.469 Qtls
@ Rs.3500/Qtls ...................................................... Rs. 4830.00
4/L.S. Weaving of galvanised wire of whole size
10cmx10cm as per design/knots including fitting
and fixing into its proper shape and position.
................................................................................. Rs. 1800.00
5/188 Filling stone behind walls into woven galvenised
nets by head packed including supply of stones
upto motorable road.
(Size of stone minimum - 15cm, Max.20cm)
1st Layer : 1x3.00x3.00 - 9.00m 2
2nd Layer : 1x4.00x2.00 - 8.00m 2
3rd Layer : 1x5.00x1.00 - 5.00m 2
Total - 22.00x1.00 - 22.00m 3
@ Rs. 616.00/m 3 ............................................ Rs. 13,552.00

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
6/PMR Carriage of galvanised wire from motorable road
to worksite by head load for 1.46 qtls.
............................................................................... Rs. 300.00
7/L.S Carriage of stones from motorable road to
worksite by head load for 22.00m.
............................................................................ Rs. 2,5000.00
Total - Rs.24,499.00
Add 3% Contingency ........................................ Rs. 735.00
Grand Total - Rs. 25,234.00
Say - Rs. 25,000.00
(Rupees Twenty five thousand) only
DETAILED ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SILT DETENSION STRUCTURE
(Rate Based on Mizoram PWD Schedule of rate for 1996)
1/DR Sit Preparation including clearing jungle, debris etc.
2 D/Ls @ Rs. 70/- per Daily labour............................... Rs. 140.00
2/8 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches
including dressing of sides and ramming of bottom, lift
up to 1.50 m including getting out excavated soil as
directed within a lead of 30 m (b) Hard soil or soil
(mixed with moorun etc.)
E/Work in foundation -
14.60 x 2.00 x 1.50 = 43.80m 3
@ Rs. 30.85 per m 3 ............................................................ Rs. 1,351.00
3/21 Providing and laying cement concrete 1 : 2 : 4 (1
cement : 2 course sand : 4 graded stone aggregate
20mm nominal size) excluding cost of centering and
shuttering (a) Foundation and plinth.
C.C.Base = 14.60 x 1.50 x 0.20 = 4.38m 3
Core Wall = 14.60 x 0.30 x 1.50 = 6.57m 3
Total = 10.95m 3
@ Rs. 2,368.50 per m 3 ....................................................... Rs. 25,935.00
4/6 Earthwork in rough excavation banking excavated earth
in layer not exceeding 20cm in depth, breaking clods,
watering, rolling each layer with 1/2 ton roller or
wooden or steel rammers and dressing up in
embankment and lead upto 30m and lift upto 1.50m.
Dam = 14.60 x x 3.50 = 383.25 m 3
@ Rs. 21.10 per m 3 ............................................................ Rs. 8,087.00

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
5/8 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches or drain
including dressing of sides and ramming of bottom, lift
up to 1.50 m including getting at excavated soil as
directed within lead of 30 m (a) ordinary soil.
Excess Water outlet :-
42.00 x 1.80+3.60x 1.80 (Arg) 204.12 m 3
2
@ Rs.24.20 per m 3 ......................................................... Rs. 4,940.00
Total Rs. 40,453.00
Say Rs. 40,000.00
(Rupees forty thousand) only

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
INFORMATION & PUBLIC RELATIONS
DETAILED SCHEME FOR COMBATTING
BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE
Mizoram has been experiencing bamboo flowering followed by severe famines at
regular interval of 48-50 years. Last time Mizoram experienced a very severe famine in 1959
in which many people died. Rats and bats multiplied in thousands and finished rice before
harvest overnight. There was nothing left for the people, and no worthy relief was done by
the then Assam Government under which Mizoram (Mizo District) was a district.
Many people died of starvation which instilled the feeling of neglect and
discrimination. This gave rise to the birth of a new political party, the Mizo National Front.
Due to continued neglect from the Government the new political party quickly gained ground
and resulted in the declaration of Independence of Mizoram from the Republic of India. After
long 20 years of insurgency, the Mizo National Front, under the leadership of Pu Laldenga
came to the negotiating table with the Government of India and the Memorandum of
Settlement or the Mizo Accord was signed on 30.6.1986. According to the terms of the
Agreement, Mizoram went to the polls in February, 1987 in which the Mizo National Front
came out victorious. The First Mizoram State Legislative Assembly was formed and
Mizoram became a State on 20 th February, 1987.
Now, with the status of statehood, Mizoram is about to face the coming Mautam
Famine. But the necessary funds for combating the rat and bat menace cannot be incorporated
in the normal <strong>plan</strong> budget of the State. Hence the Central Government is approached to
provide funds for combating the impending famine in Mizoram by extending necessary
assistance as per the following schemes worked out in respect of the Department of
Information & Public Relations, Government of Mizoram, Aizawl so that this time Bamboo
Flowering may not be seen as an omen of death and agony, but harbinger of prosperity and
benefits for the people.
It will be highly necessary to create awareness among the public about the coming
famine and how to tackle the problem. Hence Multimedia Publicity Campaigns may be
launched in co-ordination with the concerned Departments in all the eight District
Headquarters, Block Headquarters and big towns. For this the Department of Information &
Public Relations has to be strengthened in the following ways.
(i) The general public throughout the State have to be educated on how to tackle the
impending famine. For this the Department of Information & Public Relations has to coordinate
with all the concerned Department and publish brochures and leaflets to be
distributed to the people to create awareness in the whole State. For publication of leaflets
and brochures an amount of Rs. 70.00 lakh is required.
(ii) For creating awareness among the general public, Multi-media Publicity Campaign
comprising of different concerned Departments under the coordination of Information &
Public Relations Department may be held in all the District Headquarters, Sub-Division and
Block Headquarters and big towns in the whole State. For this Rs. 100.00 lakh is required.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
(iii) Documentary Films may be produced and screened in towns and villages to create
awareness among the people about the famine, rat and bat menace and how to tackle the
problem. For this an amount of Rs. 40.00 lakh @ Rs. 5.00 lakhs per Documentary Film for 8
Districts.
(iv) Wide publicity through advertisements may be made to create awareness not only
national but also international. For this an amount of Rs. 50.00 lakh will be required.
(v) To create awareness nationwide and the Central leadership, conducted tours of media
persons and Travel Writers from other parts of the country may be organised to visit
Mizoram and see for themselves the ground reality on the spot and know the steps taken by
the State Government. For this an amount of Rs. 25.00 lakh will be required.
(vi) Taking advantage of the India International Trade Fair to be held in November, 2004
at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, a Seminar may be organised in the National Capital in the
subject of Bamboo Flowering and combatting the impending famine. For this an amount of
Rs. 15.00 lakh will be required.
Summing up: -
(i) Publication of leaflets and brochures
(Distributin gratis) - Rs. 70.00 lakh
(ii) Multimedia Publicity on Bamboo Flowering and - Rs. 100.00 lakh
how to combat Famine @ Rs. 3.00 lakh per centre etc.
(iii) Production of Documentary Films in - Rs. 40.00 lakh
8 Districts @ Rs. 5.00 lakh
(iv) Publicity and International advertisements - Rs. 50.00 lakh
(v) Seminar on Bamboo Flowering and Famine - Rs. 15.00 lakh
in New Delhi
(vi) Conducted tour of Media persons and Travel - Rs. 25.00 lakh
Writers to Mizoram from other parts of the country
T O T A L - Rs. 300.00 lakh
or Rs. 3.00 crores
( Rupees thirty hundred lakh) only
Schedule of year-wise implementation :-
2004 - 2005 = 15 % = Rs. 45.00 lakh
2005 - 2006 = 25 % = Rs. 75.00 lakh
2006 - 2007 = 25 % = Rs. 75.00 lakh
2007 - 2008 = 25 % = Rs. 75.00 lakh
2008 - 2009 = 10 % = Rs. 30.00 lakh
T O T A L = Rs. 300.00 lakh

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
SOCIAL WELFARE
‘VILLAGE GRAIN BANK SCHEME:
THE GRAIN BANK : (a) ‘The Objectives of the Scheme’ is to provide safeguard against
starvation during the period of natural calamity or during the lean season when the rural
people do not have purchasing power. Such people in need of food grains will be able to
borrow food grains from Grain Banks within the village till they are able to reply the grains
back to the Grain Banks during the next harvest or after ‘food for work’ is started in the area.
The scheme is applicable in areas which are endemic drought prone areas having large scale
migration and Calamity oriented particularly tribal areas. The Grain Banks is meant for BPL
families. This means the focus is kept on the needy target group, without spreading it thin.
(b) The execution of the scheme : Grain Bank will be set up based on demand. The grain
will be stored in the village itself and will act like a share capital provided by the government
as a ‘one time grant’. The grain bank in each such village will be operated by a Committee
elected among themselves by the members.
A minimum of 20 BPL families in a village or hamlet or any self help group can
decide to set up Grain Bank in their village and make an application to the BDO (in
prescribed proforma). Grain Bank would be run by an elected Village Committee/Self Help
Group. The District collector will then consolidate the proposal for the State and send it to the
Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs will then compile the requirement of food grains Statewise
and District-wise and place orders on the FCI for supply of the intended food grains.
The FCI will therefore supply the intended food grains to the District Collectors
without insisting on payment, but obtain receipts for such supply. The FCI will therefore
submit bills to the Central Government for making direct payment to them.
Once grain bank is sanctioned, the District Collector will inform the BDO concerned.
The members proposing such grain bank in their Village will have to pass a resolution
accepting the grain bank.
(c) Monitoring & Training : Project Officer/District Officer with the help of BDO or
any other Officer/reputed NGO as decided by the State Govt. will monitors and supervise the
progress of functioning of Tribal Affairs in a format (to be prescribed) would be submitted by
the State Government.
The Training for functionaries is necessary for the proper implementation of the
scheme. There is provision for the monitoring training components.
(d) Convergence of Other Scheme : Once the Grain Bank start operating and are
found functioning satisfactorily it can be used as focal point for conversion of all food and
nutrition related schemes of Govt. of India and State Government. It can be used for storage
and distribution of grains etc. to ICDS Scheme for pre-school children and lactating mothers,
mid-day meals etc.

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
(e) Funding of the Scheme : The Grain Bank will store maximum two quintals per
member family which will be granted as one time grant by the Government at the BPL rate.
As of today BPL rate of rice is Rs. 5.65 per Kg. and wheat is Rs. 4.10 per kg. Hence BPL rate
grain can be calculated at Rs. 5.00 per kg per member. In addition to this, transportation cost
and other unforeseen expenditure i.e. Rs. 90.00 per quintal for 80 quintal for 40 families for
one grain bank and cost of weights, measures and bin @ Rs. 5,000/- per grain bank may be
kept as cash component.
DETAILS OF ONE UNIT COST OF GRAIN BANK
Sl. No. Particulars Amount in Rupees
1. Cost of 80 quintals of rice @ Rs.10/- per
Kg (i.e.)Rs. 10x8,000kgs.)
Rs. 80,000.00
2. Transportation charges and other
Unforeseen expenses for 80 Quintals at
Rs. 90/- per quintal
Rs. 7,200.00
3. Weights, measure and storage bins Rs. 5,000.00
4. Training Component Rs. 500.00
TOTAL EXPENDITURE Rs. 92,700.00
Less 50% of Transportation charge to be
borne by State Government
Rs. 3,600.00
TOTAL COST REQUIREMENT Rs.89,100x224 villages
= Rs. 2.00 crores
Phasing of the Scheme will be as below :
2004-05 Rs. 0.30 crores
2005-06 Rs. 0.40 crores
2006-07 Rs. 0.50 crores
2007-08 Rs. 0.50 crores
2008-09 Rs. 0.30 crores
TOTAL Rs. 2.00 crores
Action Plan of the Social Welfare Department
1. Mechanism : Considering the mechanism set up of the ICDS under the Social Welfare
Department, it is found preferable to entrust CDPO at the Block Level due to the following
conveniences :-
(a) A little improvement of the existing storage facilities of Anganwadi Centres of
each village will be able to provide enough space for the storage of grains.
(Fund available for the construction of storage is only Rs. 5,000/- per Grain
Bank).

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BAMBOO FLOWERING AND FAMINE COMBAT SCHEME (BAFFACOS)
(b) Co-ordination Committee of the Anganwadi Centres could be designated as
the Village Level Committee.
(c) The identification of Village, monitoring and supervision of grain banks will
be carried out by the CDPO through Circle Officers.
(d) Having in mind the convergence of the scheme, it is found suitable to have the
Grain Bank attached to Anganwadi Centre.
It is therefore proposed to fit in the Grain Bank scheme within the ICDS mechanism
for the reasons given above.
II. It is suggested that a discussion on the ‘Grain Bank Scheme’ be kindly arranged under
the Chairmanship of the Chief Secretary, Mizoram where Development Commissioner,
Commissioner of RD, Secretary of Food & Civil Supplies Dept, Secretary, Social Welfare
Department, All Deputy Commissioners and Planning Adviser will participate to work out
detailed modalities.
1
The Scheme, Grain Bank is an existence scheme with the Ministry of Tribal Affairs,
Government of India. However, the scheme will fall within the BAFFACO’s operation.

Sl.
No.
The <strong>Comprehensive</strong> Action Plan consists of the following schemes
Name of Scheme
Estimated
cost
Phasing of Expenditure
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Food & Civil Supplies 18000.00 2700.00 4500.00 4500.00 3600.00 2700.00
2 Agriculture 8000.00 1189.12 1599.33 2011.36 2011.36 1188.82
3 Industries 6000.00 799.55 2072.50 1993.80 1027.70 106.45
4 Rural Development 4983.00 747.60 996.60 1245.60 1245.60 747.60
5 Horticulture 5325.00 1950.00 1530.00 795.00 525.00 525.00
6 A.H. & Vety. 4000.00 599.89 799.85 999.82 999.82 599.89
7 Environment & Forest
(Incl. maintenance cost
upto 2012-13 amounting
to Rs.468.46 lakh)
3756.83 333.30 853.97 867.97 664.58 568.55
8 Fishery 2000.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 500.00 300.00
9 Health & Family
Welfare
1561.00 234.15 312.20 390.25 390.25 234.15
10 Land Revenue 800.00 120.00 160.00 200.00 200.00 120.00
11 Sericulture 1128.98 153.12 266.18 298.03 256.53 155.12
12 Soil & Water
Conservation
600.00 89.65 120.00 148.95 148.95 92.45
13 Information & Public
Relations
300.00 45.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 30.00
14 Social Welfare (Grain
Bank)
200.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 50.00 30.00
GRAND TOTAL - 56654.81 9291.38 13725.63 14075.78 11694.79 7398.03