Apartheid

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the world at that time, and low salaries later – were remarkably crude and sometimes even
counter-productive, in all meanings of that word. As a result of the exorbitant taxes, the
agricultural producers, the Egyptian peasants, occasionally fled the land in large numbers, and
consequently the cities and their surroundings, presumably including at least some Greeks,
experienced famines. On the other hand, the Greeks and Romans did have centuries at their
disposal to refine and optimize their own apartheid practices, and sometimes, apparently for
that reason, these practices did take on sophistication in some respects, such as their apartheid
ideology and their related, ethnicist, and oppressive meta-ideology (Chapter II.9.1), or their
prudent decision to avoid the martyrization of a captured leading freedom fighter who had
been proclaimed ‘Pharaoh’ in defiance of the Greeks, who also called their kings of Egypt
‘Pharaohs’, while the lower echelon ‘rebels’ were executed or murdered in large numbers. We
will step into the different specific conditions of apartheid presently, starting with the most
basic one, violence, in order to examine the complex micro-levels of apartheid whilst
identifying the essential macro-level identity of apartheid societies across time and space, but
first we will take a brief look at what that basis means for the rest of the system and for the
rest of the world.