India - Mahratta Chamber Of Commerce Industries & Agriculture Pune

Editorial
Welcome to the July issue of Sampada. As we step into the second quarter of the financial year, business and
industry need to revitalize themselves in order to re-energize the economy and successfully surmount domestic and
global challenges.
One such sector that needs to swiftly set aside the hurdles that are slowing it down and gallop ahead is the Indian
steel industry. Sampada's cover story takes a bird's eye view of the current status and future potential of the Indian
steel industry and the major bottleneck of land acquisition it faces in its growth path. Y. R. Gharpure, former MD of
Hindustan Antibiotics in a well researched article, points out just how important the contribution of the steel sector is
to our country's rapid infrastructural development, which alone will facilitate comprehensive economic growth.
Capt. R.N. Gulati, senior naval veteran, writes about the as yet unexplored opportunities that abound in the field of
commercial deep sea fishing for entrepreneurs willing to invest and take the initiative in the EEZ along India's coastline.
Dr. Deepak Shikarpur does some interesting crystal gazing about the role and the reach of the internet in 2025,
while Rajendra Babtiwale, AVP, e-Zest Solutions puts into perspective the importance and criticality of Business
Intelligence (BI) in helping manufacturing organizations stay ahead of their competitors in today's increasingly
complex, hyper competitive business environment.
Prof. Chandrakant Patil also highlights the far reaching, irreversible changes ushered in by globalization and how
everyone impacted by it – from farmers to small businessmen – have to find ways and means to smartly adapt and
survive in this new 21st century world order.
Dr. Sriniwas Joshi and Dr. Narendra Kadu underline the importance of teacher training in boosting the morale and
self esteem of the teaching community, which in turn can lead to a much higher quality of education being imparted at
all levels by motivated and committed teachers.
In addition, Sampada also brings you articles of professional and general interest on topics like customer service,
dream analysis, book reviews and little known facts about the Indian banking system.
Please read on for all this and much more.
Anant Sardeshmukh
Director General & Editor, Sampada

Vol. 68th • Issue 4 • July 2012
Founder
Late A. R. Bhat
Mahratta Chamber of Commerce,
Industries & Agriculture
Editor
Anant Sardeshmukh
Executive Editor
Salil Desai
Editorial Committee
Arun Kudale
Deepak Karandikar
Chandrashekhar Chitale
Dr. Sudhir Rashingkar
Govind Patwardhan
Production & Coordination
Pramod Potbhare
Page Layout
G'tech Computers
Cover Page Design
Vivek Sahasrabudhe
Printing
Modern Printing Press
Owner/Printer/Publisher
Anant Sardeshmukh
Director General
Mahratta Chamber of Commerce,
Industries & Agriculture
Pune 411 002.
Tel. : 020-25709000
020-24440371
C o n t
INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY - STIMULATE OR STAGNATE
7 Indian Steel Stuck in Land Acquisition
- Y. H. Gharpure
22 The Commercial Potential of Deep Sea Fisheries
- Captain R. N. Gulati
25 Making the Customer a 'Real King'
- Jayprakash Zende
29 High Morale = Better Teachers
- Dr. Shriniwas Joshi & Dr. Narendra Kadu
32 Dream Analysis - An Introduction
- Dr. C. G. Deshpande
34 Business Intelligence for
the Manufacturing Industry
- Rajendra Babtiwale
36 MCCIA Event Highlights - May-June 2012
37 MCCIA Member Focus -
Women Entrepreneurs' Series
7

e n t s
38 OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmarH$aU 21 ì`m eVH$mVrb AmìhmZ
- àm. M§ÐH$m§V ^ynmb nmQ>rb
43 Oo ~Xbm`Mo Amho Vo _moOm - {_{Zf C_amUr
45 2025 gmbmVbo B§Q>aZoQ> - S>m°. XrnH$ {eH$manya
48 A_o[aHo$Vrb d¥ÕËd - S>m°. gwYra amqeJH$a
51 ~±H$m§À`m ^m§S>dbrH$aUmMo Am{U R>ßn H$Om©Mo AmìhmZ
- {d. H$. Vwier~mJdmbo
53 AWmVmo AW© {Okmgm - S>m°. dg§V nQ>dY©Z
56 nwñVH$ n[aM` - Am` h°d A S´>r_
- JmoqdX JbJbr
58 nwñVH$ n[aM` - eãXm§Mo gm_Ï`©
- AZ§V gaXoe_wI
22
43
48

INDIAN STEEL STUCK IN LAND ACQUISITION
Y. H. Gharpure
1) INTRODUCTION : By products from economy. From a negligible global Table 5 shows processes followed
coal were the original feedstock for the presence, India is now a globally globally compared with those followed
chemical industry before oil and gas acknowledged steel producer and the in India.
discoveries. Coal will last longer than oil credit goes to the opening up of the
and gas. By products from coal and economy. There is a technological shift taking
steel production go hand-in-hand. place in India particularly in new plants
Before independence, India had only 3 2) PRODUCTION STATUS : Crude (ref. Table 6 overleaf).
steel plants viz. Tata Iron & Steel, Indian steel is the input for downstream
Iron and Steel Company and products. Crude steel capacity and Steel demand constitutes flats, longs
(1)
Visveswaraya Iron and Steel. All the 3 production have been steadily rising and alloy products shown in Graph A
plants were in the private sector and over the last 5 years as evident in ov e rleaf :
together had a capacity of only 1 million Table 3 overleaf.
tonnes. Today the sector is made up of
The compound growth rate has been
government players, foreign players The capacity has increased from 51 around 9.6% and is expected to
and others as given in Table 1 below: million tonnes in 2005-06 to almost 73 continue at around 10% up to 2020. In a
million tonnes in 2009-10. At almost short span of 5 years, the per capita
India today is the 5th largest producer of 90% capacity utilization, crude steel consumption of steel has gone up from
steel as can be seen from Table 2 below: production has also increased from 46.5
million tonnes to 65 million tonnes over
35 kgs in 2005 to 53 kgs presently.
India’s estimated steel production in the the period. Infrastructure requires ‘long’ whereas
year 2010 was around 67 million tonnes.
the auto sector requires ‘flat’ steel
Steel contributes 2% to the GDP and 3) TECHNOLOGY STATUS : Mainly 3 products and both these segments have
6.2% to the Index of Industrial types of furnaces are used for steel shown continuous growth. It’s projected
Production. Steel therefore constitutes production viz. Basic Oxygen, Electric to be even higher by the year 2012 (ref.
a significant contribution to the Indian Arc and Induction (ref. Table 4 overleaf) Graph B overleaf).
TABLE 1
STEEL PROJECTS BY OWNERSHIP
Ownership Projects Cost Capacity (million tpa)
Government 9 63,907 20.85
Private 77 600,309 192.60
Indian 70 471,309 159.80
Foreign 7 129,000 32.80
Total
Source: www.projecttoday.com
86 664,216 213.45
TABLE 2
WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION
World Crude Steel Production in 2010*
Rank Country Production (million tonne)
1 China 626.56
2 Japan 109.60
3 USA 80.59
4 Russia 67.00
5 India 66.80
6 South Korea 58.45
7 Germany 43.82
8 Ukraine 33.56
9 Brazil 32.82
10 Turkey 29.00
Source : World Steel Association * = Provisional
- Owb¡ 2012
7

8
TABLE 3
CRUDE STEEL PAST PERFORMANCE - INDIA
Year Crude Steel
Capacity ('000 tonne) Production ('000 tonne) Capacity utilisation (%)
2005-06 51171 46460 91
2006-07 56843 50817 89
2007-08 59845 53857 91
2008-09 66343 58437 88
2009-10 72963 64875 89
Apr-Dec. 2010-11* 56597** 50594 89
Source : JPC, *=Provisional, ** 2.5 million tonne capacity added during April-December 2010
TABLE 4
PROCESS ROUTES FOLLOWED - INDIA
Crude steel production by process route Percentage share (%)
2005-06 2009-10 2010-11*
(April - December Estimated)
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) 52 45 47
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) 18 24 26
Induction Furnace (IF) 30 31 27
Total
Source : JPC, *=Provisional
100 100 100
TABLE 5
PROCESS ROUTES AND THEIR SHARES IN PRODUCTION VOLUME (1993)
Product Process World India
Volume (Mt) Share (%) Volume (Mt) Share (%)
Iron Blast Furnace 513 97 16 88
Direct Reduction 19 3 2 12
Steel Open Hearth Furnace 69 10 5 26
Basic Oxygen Furnace 431 59 8 47
Electric Arc Furnace 225 31 5 27
Other 1

4. LONG VS FLAT PRODUCTS from ‘closed’ to ‘open’ market the fact is easily borne out by just
conditions. One may not totally agree analysing the steel sector alone.
The world believes that India is on the with the way we went about this change
threshold of becoming a global – a bit lopsided as witnessed by the It has been empirically established
economic power and a reasonably ushering in of cars before we got the beyond doubt that steel plays an
developed country in the next 15 to 20 roads – but it is a path we are unlikely to important part in a nation’s development
years – by the late 2020s. This belief change irrespective of the political party and the per capita steel consumption is
gains strength from the encouraging at the centre. We have also succeeded considered a good indicator of overall
changes witnessed in the country since in bringing about a certain degree of development. Before attempting to
1990 when a marked shift in policy was development but this has taken place analyse the ground reality in India, it is
embarked upon by the central only in a few pockets of the country. essential to appreciate some basic
government and we gradually changed That’s where we have gone wrong and yardsticks.
Source : http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/56/47853777.pdf
GRAPH - A
GRAPH - B
Source : http://steel.nic.in/oecd/INDIAN%20STEEL%20OUTLOOK%20%20IISI%20%20- %20Tata%20Steel%20presentation.ppt
- Owb¡ 2012
9

10
- Owb¡ 2012
Major Steel Producers in India
Jindal Steel
Essar Steel
Tata Steel - Jamshedpur
Bellary Steel
SAIL

Steel - Basic Global Norms
Generally, countries are categorised as
Today, a per capita steel
consumption of around
development alongside major areas in
the country in a state of neglect - small
developed pockets where the demand
under-developed, developing or
developed. The consumption pattern of
long / flat products and per capita steel
consumption are reliable indicators of a
500 kg is considered
close to the saturation
point, except for small
for cars and white goods is high
alongside large tracts that are under-
developed. Clearly, large amount of
work remains to be done in the
nation’s development. In the early
stages of development, the bulk of steel
requirement is for long products - for
infrastructure and basic industries. The
countries with high
population density.
While the world average
development of the country as a whole.
The government is apparently seized of
this anomaly and has over the past few
demand for flat products increases as
the country gets developed and the
need for white goods and consumer
is around 145 kg, the
per capita steel
years visibly begun to set right matters.
The Joint Plant Committee has
estimated steel consumption at a
products rises. These are shown in consumption in India conservative 100 million tonnes (MT) in
Charts A and B below.
It is generally accepted that 80 to 85 %
currently stands at just
30 kg only.
2018. This may not be enough for India
to achieve the objective of being
considered as a developed nation in the
long products are needed in under- 2020s. While we may have by that time
developed countries, about 60 to 65 %
in developing countries and 30 to 35% in
developed countries. Further, per capita
countries such as Malaysia, Thailand,
China and even Vietnam.
many more areas of high development
as per world standards, the country as a
whole would still have large areas that
steel consumption is generally 5 to 50 kg
in under-developed, 50 – 250 kg in
developing and over 250 kg in
developed nations.
Today, a per capita steel consumption of
around 500 kg is considered close to the
saturation point, except for small
countries with high population density.
While the world average is around 145
kg, the per capita consumption data on a
few countries is: Singapore 1200 kg,
South Korea & Taiwan 860 to 900 kg,
Germany 540 kg, USA 410 kg, Malaysia
345 kg, Thailand 150 kg, China 160 kg
and Vietnam 48kg. Indian consumption
currently stands at 30 kg only - which is
What do these figures convey about
India? First, the current per capita steel
consumption in India, at a dismal 30 kg,
is only at the level of an under-
developed country, let alone a
developing one. It indicates that no
meaningful infrastructural development
is occurring in the country as a whole.
Second, the current proportion of flat to
long product consumption in India, at
about 55%: 45% (ideally, the reverse is
desired today), is alarmingly tilted
towards flat products for the present
level of development and is a
consumption pattern found in near
developed countries.
would remain neglected.
India has one of the poorest
infrastructures, considering its
geographical size and population and at
this stage of India’s development, when
GDP is growing at 8-9% and exports are
increasing, the infrastructure must
ideally match the requirement. The
capital goods and auto industry is
booming. Both infrastructure capital
goods and auto require steel (refer
Graph C overleaf).
It can be seen that in a year, 21% of the
steel went into construction, 3.7% in
capital goods and 2.7% in auto. In these
just above the average level in most of
Africa. This is also indicative of where
India stands compared to neighbouring
These two critical facts signify that India
has very small pockets of high
3 sectors, rapid developments are
taking place and larger steel
consumptions are forecasted.
CHART A
LONG AND FLAT PRODUCT USAGE AND DEVELOPMENT
CHART B
DEVELOPMENT AND PER CAPITAL STEEL CONSUMPTION
Source : http://handk-india.tripod.com/id2.html
- Owb¡ 2012
11

12
GRAPH - C
- Owb¡ 2012
Table - 7
Production of Main and Secondary Producers (Summary)
(*000 tonnes)
Sl. No. Item / Producer Production 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10* 2010-11*
(Apr - Dec)
1. CRUDE STEEL
Main Producer 21868 21789 21755 22969 17425
ASP + VISL 309 315 263 308 232
Other Producers
E.A.F. Units (incl. Corex & MBF/EOF) 13250 14820 18365 21738 16412
Induction Furnaces 15390 16933 18054 19860 16525
TOTAL (Crude Steel) 50817 53857 58437 64875 50594
2. PIG IRON
Main Producers 860 936 589 731 490
Other Producers 4133 4378 5618 5003 3727
TOTAL (Pig Iron) 4993 5314 6207 5734 4217
% share of Other Producers 82.8% 82.4% 90.5% 87.3% 88.4%
3. SPONGE IRON
Gas Based 5265 5845 5516 6161 4484
Coal Based 13080 14531 15575 14577 15521
TOTAL (Sponge Iron) 18345 20376 21091 20738 20005
% share by Process (Coal Based) 71.3% 71.3% 73.8% 70.3% 77.6%
4. FINISHED STEEL FOR SALE (Alloy/Non-Alloy)
Main Producers 17614 18020 17216 17900 13289
Other Producers 40047 43332 46229 47565 38437
Less IPT/Own Consumption 5132 5277 6281 5773 4430
TOTAL (finished steel) 52529 56075 57164 59692 47296
% share of Other Producers 76.2% 77.3% 80.9% 79.7% 81.3%
*Provisional
EAF : Electric Arc Furnace, MBF : Mini Blast Furnace, EOF : Energy Optimising Furnace, IPT : Inter Plant Transfer
Source : Annual Report 2010-11, Ministry of Steel, Government of India, www.steel.gov.in

5) PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
STEEL CONSUMPTION : The steel
industry comprises production of crude
steel, pig iron, sponge iron and finished
products as given in Table 7.
Pig iron and finished steel production
have shown steady growth followed by
crude steel and sponge iron. Apart from
local production, to meet the shortfall
and to meet the demand for certain
categories of steels not produced,
imports are taking place (refer Table 8
below).
SPONGE IRON
Table - 8
Import of Iron and Steel Through Major Indian Ports
(*000 tonnes)
Sl. No. Category 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10* 2010-11*
(Apr - Dec)
1. Semi-Finished Steel (Non-Alloy)
Semis 268.7 156.3 481.9 327.3 228.3
Re-rollable Scrap 154.7 200.8 98.4 95.9 60.6
Finished Steel (Non-Alloy)
Bars & Rods 290.1 436.0 433.2 588.3 385.2
Structurals 86.2 75.7 55.4 90.7 77.2
Rly. Materials 2.0 20.0 23.4 11.7 6.9
Plates 1124.0 1461.9 991.4 886.0 641.6
HR Sheets 56.9 29.0 55.2 23.5 60.9
HR Coils / Skelp / Strips 1571.7 2947.5 2293.0 2938.6 1940.6
CR Coils / Sheets 605.8 820.8 710.2 881.9 830.8
GP / GC Sheets 195.2 268.2 294.3 286.8 263.7
Elec. Sheets 252.4 241.9 222.3 280.3 247.9
TMBP 1.8 3.4 2.3 1.0 1.2
Tin Plates 124.1 100.9 101.5 155.5 117.5
Tin Plates W / W 25.0 46.6 36.2 41.4 26.3
Tin free Steel 32.2 44.0 31.8 34.0 47.9
Pipes 69.0 85.1 21.0 42.1 31.8
TOTAL Fin. Steel (Non-Alloy) 4436.4 6580.9 5271.2 6261.8 4679.5
2. Alloy / Stailess Steel 491.0 448.0 569.0 1034.5 681.8
TOTAL Steel (1 + 2) 4927.4 7028.9 5840.2 7296.3 5361.3
3. Other Steel Items.
Fittings 137.2 170.2 25.2 38.4 43.1
Misc Steel Items 317.2 399.2 302.9 974.4 1041.4
Steel Scrap 2185.3 2557.9 3161.9 4403.6 2772.5
4. Iron
Pig Iron 3.7 10.7 7.8 10.8 7.1
Sponge Iron 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2
H. B. Iron - - - - -
5. Ferro-Alloys 105.9 199.0 144.6 95.2 114.7
GRAND TOTAL 7677.3 10366.7 9483.1 12818.9 9340.3
*Provisional
Source : http://steel.nic.in/Annual%20Report%20(2010-11)/English/Annual%20Report%20(2010-11).pdf
Annual Report 2010-11, Ministry of Steel, Government of India, www.steel.gov.in
PIG IRON
- Owb¡ 2012
13

14
Although imports are growing, the at the rate of 9.6% is a result of
growth is not commensurate with the substantial investments made in the
rising demand since local production steel sector (refer Table 10 above).
has also been going up.
There are long term investment plans of
India also exports steel and steel major players and the same are
products and here too, the exports have depicted in table 11 overleaf.
shown a steady but nominally
decreasing trend vide Table 9 above. As can be seen, if the entire proposed
additional capacity of almost 154 million
6) INVESTMENTS: Increase in tonnes comes up, it will mean an
production of steel over the last 5 years investment of Rs. 4,54,000 crores.
- Owb¡ 2012
TABLE 10
PROJECT INVESTMENT IN FINISHED STEEL
(Rs. Crore) Planning Under Implementation Total Total(n.o)
Dec.05 87,767 40,144 1,27,911 176
Dec.06 1,08,152 59,580 1,67,732 205
Dec.07 1,77,429 72,545 2,49,973 225
Dec.08 2,05,273 1,03,321 3,08,586 318
Dec.09 2,51,459 1,53,464 4,04,922 405
CAGR-5 Yr 23.40% 30.80% 25.90% 18.10%
Source : Survey : Steel Industries, Business India, 4.4.2010
Table - 9
Category-Wise Exports
(*000 tonnes)
Sl. No. Category 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10* 2010-11*
(Apr - Dec)
1 SEMIS (Non-Alloy) 665.3 373.0 661.0 355.0 235.0
FINISHED STEEL (Non-Alloy)
2 Bars & Rods 329.0 213.0 187.0 212.0 100.0
3 Structurals 75.0 73.0 73.0 55.0 22.0
4 Plates 106.5 153.0 264.0 66.0 48.0
5 HR Coils / Sheets 1580.3 1391.0 943.0 540.0 365.0
6 CR Coils / Sheets 386.4 510.0 341.0 345.0 181.0
7 GP / GC Sheets 2173.3 2026.0 1849.0 1287.0 824.0
8 Elec. Sheets 1.5 25.0 8.0 3.0 0.0
9 Tin Plates 37.0 36.0 88.8 75.0 50.0
10 Pipes 203.5 200.0 504.0 495.0 236.0
11 Total Finished Steel (Non-Alloy) 4892.5 4627.0 4257.8 3078.0 1826.0
12 Total Finished Steel (Alloy / Stainless) 349.0 450.0 179.0 157.0 239.0
13 Total Finished Steel (Non-Alloy + Alloy) 5241.5 5077.0 4436.8 3235.0 2065.0
14 PIG IRON 706.7 560.0 350.0 278.0 186.0
15 SPONGE IRON 55.6 38.0 34.0 25.0 7.0
*Provisional
Source : Annual Report 2010-11, Ministry of Steel, Government of India, www.steel.gov.in

7. CAPACITY ADDITION : If all the new plants coming up succeed, located in a few states which have
Substantial capital addition has been steel production will be boosted to excellent iron ore resources such as
projected over the next 5 years which around 121 million tonnes by 2013. But Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal,
could lead to increasing the steel it’s a target unlikely to be achieved due Chhattisgarh etc. In addition existing
production capacity of 72 million tonnes to a variety of problems, the biggest one units are also undergoing expansion as
in 2010 to 154 million tonnes in 2015, a among them being land acquisition as seen in Table 15.
growth of more than 100% in 5 years depicted in Table 14.
(refer Table 12). It is hoped that the above projects and a
The expansion plants are mainly few more will materialize.
TABLE 13
INDIA’S PROJECTED STEEL CAPACITY BY 2012-13
Investor Existing Brownfield Greenfield Total by 2013
SAIL 12.84 8.56 - 21.40
RINL 2.90 3.40 - 6.30
TATA STEEL 6.80 3.20 3.00* 13.00*
ESSAR STEEL 4.60 3.90 6.00* 14.50*
JSW STEEL 6.60 4.40 - 11.00
JSPL 2.40 4.80 3.25 10.45
ISPAT Industries 3.60 0.60 - 4.20
Bhushan Power & Steel 1.20 1.60 - 2.80
Bhushan Steel 0.80 2.20 - 3.00
Others & Secondary 31.00 3.20 - 34.20
Total 72.74 35.86 12.25 120.85
Source : Ministry of Steel
TABLE 11
LONG TERM INVESTMENT PLANS
Indian Companies
(Million Tonnes) (Rs. Crores )
Tata Steel 28.0 75,000
JSW 20.0 70,000
Bhushan Steel 11.0 25,000
Essar Steel 7.6 15,000
FOREIGN COMPANIES
Arcelor Mittal 30.0 1,00,000
POSCO 18.0 75,000
Ispat 10.0 20,000
PUBLIC SECTOR
SAIL 17.5 37,000
RINL 6.5 20,000
NMDC 5.0 17,000
TOTAL 153.6 4,54,000
Source : Projects Today.com
TABLE 12
CAPACITY ADDITIONS: 2011-15
Capacity Additions: 2011-2015
Year Capacity Addition Total Capacity
(million tpa) (million tpa)
2010 -- 72.00
2011 7.20 79.20
2012 16.70 95.90
2013 28.64 124.54
2014 20.20 144.74
2015 9.34 154.08
Source: www.projectsmonitor.com/.../india-aims-for-150-
million-tonnes-by-2015
*TATA Steel (Kalinga Nagar - Orissa) and Essar Steel (Paradeep - Orissa) Greenfield projects are likely to be delayed beyond
2012
- Owb¡ 2012
15

16
- Owb¡ 2012
TABLE 14
REASONS FOR DELAYS
Project Capacity Planned mt Tones Land Status Raw Material
Tata Steel (Jharkhand) 12 Jharkhand yet to comeup with R&R Policy None yet
Tata Steel (Orissa) 6 50 % of people yet to move from project site None yet
Tata Steel (Chhattisgarh) 5 Land acquisition started a year ago PL*(Iron ore)
JSW Bengal 10 Land in possession Coal blocks
JSW Jharkhand 10 Land identified Coal, Iron ore
Essar Steel(Orissa) 12(Pellet) +6(steel) Land for first phase None yet
Essar Steel(Chhatisgarh) 3.2 Land being acquired PL*(Iron ore)
Posco India 12 Yet to get land Litigation in state
ArcelorMittal(Jharkhand) 12 Land being acquired Coal, Iron ore
ArcelorMittal (Orissa) 12 Land being acquired Coal
Bhushan Steel (Bengal) 2 Land Notification None yet
*Prospecting Licence, Source : BS 09.10.09
TABLE 15
MAJOR STEEL PROJECTS
Major Steel Projects
Company States Capacity (million tpa)
Arcelor-Mittal Jharkhand and Karnataka 12.0
Bhushan Steel Jharkhand and West Bengal 12.0
Essar Steel Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Orissa 12.6
Jai Balaji Industries Kalingnar , Orissa 5.0
JSW Bengal Midnapore, West Bengal 10.0
JSW Steel Karnataka 6.0
POSCO India Orissa and Karnataka 18.0
Shree Uttam Steel & Power Sawantwadi, Maharashtra 5.0
Steel Authority of India Bhilai, Bokaro and Durgapur 8.0
Tata Steel Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand 16.0
Source : www.icra.in/files/articles/2010-February-Steel.pdf
A total of 222 MOUs are
involved for a total capacity
addition of almost 276
million tonnes.
If the land acquisition issue
is overcome, India has the
potential for exponential
growth in steel
consumption

Graph D shows the status of present A total of 222 MOUs are involved for a growth in steel consumption as
steel capacity (2009) and projected total capacity addition of almost 276 estimated in graph E overleaf.
capacities by 2012 and 2020 of major million tonnes. One of the major entities
steel producers. among these is Posco, South Korea’s As can be seen, India’s per capita
MOU with the Orissa Government for consumption of steel is a meagre 30 kg
An additional capacity of 230-240 setting up a 12 million tonne steel plant per capita as compared to even China
million tonnes is projected as compared at a cost of USD 12 billion, but this which is more than 200 kg., leave aside
to 2009. For the above projections to project is facing serious difficulties in Singapore which is over 700 kg. It is in
become a reality, the MOUs signed with implementation. this context that not only each of the
state government for various projects existing players in the steel sector has
need to materialize as per Table 16. If the land acquisition issue is overcome, expansion plans, but there is also a
India has the potential for exponential scramble for FDI in steel led by Posco.
TABLE 16
STEEL PRODUCTION MOUs WITH STATES
State No. of MoUs signed Capacity (million tonnes)
Orissa 49 75.66
Jharkhand 65 104.23
Chhattisgarh 74 56.61
West Bengal 12 21.00
Other states 22 18.20
Total 222 275.70
Source : http://www.projectsmonitor.com/STEEL/green-issues-plague-mega-steel-projects-in-india
GRAPH D
STEEL DEMAND BY 2020
Source : http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/56/47853777.pdf
- Owb¡ 2012
17

18
8. FORECAST FOR 2020 Centre, that government policies will lay consumption will mean a steel
There is no doubt that India will strive to stress on development of the vast areas requirement of about 140 million tonnes
achieve the status of a global economic that have hitherto been neglected for per year – or an increase of 110 mT in 16
and industrial power by the 2020s – and over 65 years – alongside the years (2005-2020) from the current
will certainly become one. While most liberalisation and open markets policy of level. This is definitely feasible if one
people in the steel industry believe that r e c e n t y e a r s . I n f r a s t r u c t u r e considers that China increased its
the Joint Planning Committee target of improvement across the country is a production by 70 mT (130 to 200 mT) in
an increase of output by 70mT to 100 prime requisite to further development. 4 years from 2000 to 2003. India can do
mT by 2018 is not attainable, given For this, India will necessarily need to it too, and will, even though it involves an
India’s past track record, there is a reach a per capita steel consumption of investment of approximately Rs
section of experts who believe that this at least 100 kg, if not more, by 2020. The 300,000 crores in 16 years. If we do not
is rather conservative. ratio of long to flat products will also be achieve this production level, massive
set right to about 55% long and 45% flat. imports will surely be resorted to, since
Political compulsions due to the It is unlikely that past mistakes will be development is not going to stop merely
aspirations of the neglected majority will repeated. because the steel industry is not up to
not permit just a few pockets of the challenge. It is entirely up to the
d e v e l o p m e n t . O n e f o r e s e e s , With an estimated population of around industry.
irrespective of the party in power at the 1.4 billion in 2020, this level of
Trigger
Point
- Owb¡ 2012
India
Point of
Inflection
China
2000-06
GRAPH E
INDIA HAS A POTENTIAL FOR EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH IN STEEL CONSUMPTION
Japan
EU 15
Australia
Singapore
USA
China
India
Peak Point
Singapore Japan EU
Point of
Saturation
USA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Per capita in KG
India will be a part of The New Steel world …
Source : http://steel.nic.in/oecd/INDIAN%20STEEL%20OUTLOOK%20%20IISI%20%20- %20Tata%20Steel%20presentation.ppt
9

Chart C brings out this projected is not being exercised. This is a cause globally in Table 2 earlier. Table 17
scenario . for great concern and money will surely showcases the world’s top steel
The 55% share of long products will have to be spent in a better manner as manufacturers.
amount to 77 mT in 2020 with the large amounts are involved.
balance 65 mT being accounted for by Among the top 10 steel producers, 4 are
flat products. Out of 77 mT long Since infrastructure will play an from China and 2 from Japan. The
products, the requirement of steel important role in our quest for global rankings of major Indian steel
reinforcement bars (rebars) will be development, it is imperative that we producers are given in Table 18. Ranks
about 35 mT which is a five fold jump have a proper policy and IS code in are based on global production in 2008
from the present level of 6.5 - 7 mT. place at the earliest – one which takes
Special emphasis will therefore be on into account the local needs. There is another method of ranking
Rebar Mills. This has traditionally been based on 23 parameters and the same
a neglected area and a study of the 9) LEADING WORLD STEEL has been reproduced in Table 19. As
small rebar mills currently being set up PRODUCERS: We have already seen can be seen, SAIL ranks 9th and Tata
reveals that even today, proper planning the major steel producing countries Steel 15th.
TABLE 17
WORLDS TOP STEEL MAKERS
World’s Top 10 Steel Makers in 2008
Rank Producers million tonne
1 Arcelor-Mittal, UK 103.3
2 Nippon Steel, Japan 37.5
3 Baosteel Group, China 35.4
4 Posco, South Korea 34.7
5 Hebei Steel Group, China 33.3
6 JFE, Japan 33
7 Wuhan Steel Group, China 27.7
8 Tata Steel, India 24.4
9 Jiangsu Shagang Group, China 23.3
10 US Steel, USA 23.2
Source: www.worldsteel.org
Chart - C
TABLE 18
INDIAN STEEL PRODUCERS’ GLOBAL RANKING
Sr. No. Company ml Tonnes
21 SAIL 13.7
69 JSW 3.8
78 Essar 3.4
80 Vizag Steel 3.1
Ranks are based on global production in 2008
TABLE 19
WORLD –CLASS STEELMAKERS
Weighted average Score
Posco 1
Nucor 2
Novolipetsk 3
Arcelor Mittal 5
Nippon Steel 6
JSW Steel 7
SAIL 9
China Steel 13
Tata Steel 15
Essar 19
Total Ranked = 34
Source : WSD/Business Today August 21, 2011
Projections for 2020
Source : http://handk-india.tripod.com/id3.html
- Owb¡ 2012
19

20
GRAPH F
STEEL CONSUMPTION vs. GDP
Source : http://steel.nic.in/oecd/INDIAN%20STEEL%20OUTLOOK%20%20IISI%20%20- %20Tata%20Steel%20presentation.ppt
Source : www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/56/47853777.pdf
- Owb¡ 2012
GRAPH G
STEEL DEMAND

Can Indian Steel Industry fulfill this sustain India’s growth story. In the
ambitious projection? process, the chemical industry too will
Steel consumption is an index of GDP 12. CONCLUSION : Since India has benefit with more input availability of
growth and in fact has a direct large deposits of good quality iron ore, a feedstocks.
relationship to it as shown in Graph F : vital input for steel production, and since ---------------------------------------------------steel
demand is growing in tune with Y. H. Gharpure is Chairman and
10) WHY STEEL: Steel and cement GDP growth, it is time that expansion Managing Director of Gharpure
consumption is an indication of a plans of steel producers stuck in land Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Earlier
country’s growth rate. Particularly in a acquisitions are quickly resolved to he was Managing Director of Hindustan
nation like India which is deficient in
infrastructure, the GDP growth and steel
demand go hand in hand.
Massive investments are being made to
overcome the situation. No wonder the
investment in infrastructure has been
steadily growing from 6% in the year
2007 to 7% in 2010 and is expected to
rise to almost 11% by 2017 as projected
in Graph H above.
WILL INDIA EMERGE AS GLOBAL
STEEL HUB :
Mr. B. Muthuraman, Chief of Tata Steel
and newly appointed president of CII
has predicted that by the year 2050,
Indian steel production will be 500
million tonnes annually and India will
emerge as a global hub for steel
production as depicted in the
accompanying map.
GRAPH H
INFRASTRUCTURE
Source: Goldman Sachs via Thomson Research, 11 October 2010
Map
Source :steel.nic.in/.../INDIAN%20STEEL%20OUTLOOK%20%20IISI%20%20-%
20Tata%20Steel%20presentation.ppt
- Owb¡ 2012
21

22
The Commercial Potential of Deep Sea Fisheries
Captain R. N. Gulati
When your little grandchildren most commercially harvested fishes in and EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) on
grow up they may not be able the world would have been depleted. the other. As Image 1 shows the water
to eat their choice of fish - gets deeper and deeper as we go further
Rahu, Rawas, King Fish, Katla or Somewhat similar sentiments were away from the coastline. The area
Pomfret or whatever your favourite salt echoed by Dr. Ms. S. S. Cubelio, an invariably slopes away gently first
water fish has been. In all likelihood expert from Centre for Marine Living (called continental shelf) and then dips
these will not be available, or like the Resources and Ecology (CMLRE) sharply or shall we say the gradient of
Tuna used for Sushi, become Kochi, under Ministry of Earth Sciences, the slope increases dramatically (called
prohibitively expensive. This state of when she spoke at a seminar held at continental slope) till it resumes a
affairs might become a reality either due MCCIA in April 2012. She added that it is horizontal form which is called the
to overfishing or the consequence of now time to exploit deep sea fisheries in ocean basin floor.
global warming or because these our EEZ in order to not only increase the
species might be afflicted by toxins from quantum of food for our expanding The area of the sea enclosed by the
one of the many forms of marine population but also to augment their shoreline up to around 200 metres (650
pollution or they might simply be intake of protein. feet) depth consists of coastal waters
swamped by HAB (Harmful Algal and thereafter deep waters start. This is
Blooms). This is the conclusion reached Before we go any further it is a very rough division.
by the author, Callum Roberts in his essential that we talk about coastal
recently published book titled “The waters and deep waters on the one The EEZ on the other hand forms a
Ocean of Life: The Fate of Man and the hand and the continental shelf, part and parcel of the Indian Maritime
Sea”. He believes that the stocks of continental slope and ocean basin floor Zones of India and legally extends up to
- Owb¡ 2012

a distance of 200 nautical miles from the
shore. In the EEZ we have an exclusive
right to both living and non-living
resources such as fish, oil, gas and
minerals. Here, the depth is not the
criteria. It could include the continental
shelf or/and continental slope and in
some cases even the ocean basin floor.
Legally again, the EEZ is extendable to
a maximum of 350 nautical miles from
the shoreline provided the stipulated
depths are not exceeded. This is
invariably the case, off the deltas of
large rivers like the Hoogly and Indus.
See Figure A.
In view of the rapidly depleting
marine fisheries, CMLRE began to
survey waters beyond 200 metres'
Image 1 - Continental Shelf and Slope
depth but remaining within the found that an enormous amount of There are over 240 species of
extendable EEZ to look for deep sea fish Myctophids (in common garden lantern fish that are found in these
that could provide an alternative to parlance called Lantern Fish) inhabit waters (called variously as deep waters
coastal fishes that we in India have these waters in depths ranging from 200 or distance waters) and comprise 65%
come to consume so passionately. They to 1000 metres. of all fishes inhabiting such depths.
Figure A - Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
- Owb¡ 2012
23

24
They migrate vertically each day – behaviour pattern of the fish, their into the subject matter and be the first to
during daylight hours most species go movement in large groups and the areas take a plunge in this greenfield
down to 300 to 1500 metres and where can one find them. It also needs enterprise - deep and distance fishing
towards the evening they rise to the to be studied whether the fish change on a commercial scale. They are
surface to feed on plankton and to avoid their habitat when the seasons change bound to reap rich dividends. To the lay
predation. Their size ranges from 2 cm as also other such related aspects, public I would recommend: develop a
to 30 cm with most being under 15 cm. In before asking potential fishery captains taste for this fish of the future before we
fact such fishes are an alternative food to exploit such resources. Such a task discard fish from our menus altogether.
source (where krill are not available), for can only be undertaken by a fisheries
whales, dolphins, salmon, tuna, sharks, research vessel. The problem is that
p e n g u i n s a n d s q u i d s . W h i l s t there is only one such vessel available
Myctophids are essentially fishes of and so there is an urgent need to
oceanic waters, some species occur augment FORV Sampada currently ----------------------------------------------------
over continental slopes and form being operated by CMLRE, Kochi.
components of coral reef communities. However Sampada has already been
It has been further established that carrying out such surveys selectively.
lantern fishes have in fact greater She has to cover the EEZ of the entire
nutritional contents than even the table East and West coasts plus the EEZ of
fish commonly sold to us. the island territories of India.
Deep sea fisheries require The object of this simple and brief
considerable surveys in order to not only piece is to sow the seed among
establish the potential but also study the enterprising entrepreneurs to go further
- Owb¡ 2012
Image 2 - Lantern Fish (The Smaller Fish)
Captain R N Gulati is a retired naval
officer. He is a member of MCCIA's
Under Water Technology Committee.
He is a founder member and a former
Senior Vice President of IMF (Indian
Maritime Foundation) as well as the
founder and former Editor of SeaGull -
IMF’s magazine.
Email : reggiegulati@gmail.com

Making the Customer a 'Real' King
Jayprakash B. Zende
How to win customers and keep 2) The moments of truth – those gives him little or no incentive to go that
them for life is much more than crucial points of customer contact that extra mile for the customer. This results
just another treatise about how can make or break a business - are not in indifference or even contempt
to smile and be nice to customers. One being properly identified and managed. towards the customer. Yet for the
of the single greatest keys to long term Every time a customer comes into customer that person represents the
business success and prosperity can be contact with a company, he comes away whole company.
summed up in three simple words - feeling better or worse about it. And it's
“Quality Customer Service”. Yet as how well employees manage those In today's service oriented economy,
customers, you and I are painfully aware numerous moments of truth everyday excellent service is more than a
that outstanding service is far too rare. that ultimately determines how competitive weapon - it's a basic
successful the business will be. Resolve survival skill. The closer you are to your
Why is excellent customer service a complaining customer's problem on customer the more successful you will
so rare? Basically there are some the spot and the chances are very high be. It's that simple. Follow a few tips
problems involved. that he will do business with you again. (mantras) to build a stronger bond
Mishandle the complaint and you will between your customer and your
1) Employees don't know the basics lose him forever, not to mention the fact business. These tips will also help to
of good customer care: All too often, that he will tell eight to ten people about convert a one-time customer into a life
employees coming in direct contact with the poor experience he has had. time client. The word client implies an
customers are sent out to perform a job o n g o i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p - s u c h
without a clear understanding of what it 3) The reward system. Quite simply, relationships are built on trust and
takes to create and keep customers. A excellent service is rare because most respect. “Customer implies a
lot of potential business is lost simply managers fail to reward an employee for transaction. Client implies a long term
because employees don't know any giving excellent service to customers. relationship. No matter what industry
better. The typical business hires a person to you work in, the clients ultimately pay
do the job, pays him flat wages and your salary”.
- Owb¡ 2012
25

26
What is customer care? customer from service is 'reliability'. turn treat our customers royally. If you
Customer care involves putting Higher the gap between the promise want to improve customer experience,
systems in place to maximise your and the actual service experience, lower you must improve the way in which you
customers' satisfaction with your will be the reliability. The ability to treat your people. As their feeling of
business. It should be a prime consistently deliver the promised importance increases, the way they
consideration for every business - your service will make you reliable. treat the customers will improve
sales and profitability depends on accordingly.
keeping your customers happy. 2. Responsiveness : Willingness to
listen and to respond to customers in 6. Communication : The customer
Customer care is more directly time is the most critical element should be continuously informed of
important in some roles than others. For customers look for. changes, new introductions, benefits
receptionists, sales staff and other etc. so that they are updated on the
employees in customer-facing roles, 3. Service Assurance : Whatever you services offered.
customer care should be a core element promise must be fulfilled. Make
of their job description and training, and promises after consulting and checking 7. Trust your Customers : Most
a core criterion when you're recruiting. with concerned departments and customers are honest and come to you
personnel within your organization. for redressal only when they have a
But don't neglect the importance of Take care that whatever you promise is genuine problem. Listen to the
customer care in other areas of your clearly understood by Image the 1 customers - Continental complaints Shelf and of Slope customers with trust and
b u s i n e s s . F o r i n s t a n c e , y o u r you are servicing as any gap creates a attend to them promptly. Convert their
warehousing and dispatch departments problem. 'Under promise and over frustration to gratitude. We must trust
may have minimal contact with your delivery' should be the mantra. First them and resolve their complaints from
customers - but their performance when make systems and then promise. their points of view to maintain good
fulfilling orders has a major impact on customer experience. The benefit of
customers' satisfaction with your 4. Empathy : Caring and personal doubt should go to customer.
business. attention is important. Customers would
like to be treated individually and 8. Solve Customer's Problem
Important 'Mantras' for Making uniquely. Immediately : It is not possible to
Customers 'Real' Kings ensure 100% defect proof operation in
5. The Employee is the King : If we any production or service set-up.
1. Reliability : The key expectation of a treat our employees royally they will in Unforeseen problems keep cropping up
- Owb¡ 2012

all the time but how quickly you resolve
them determines good customer
e x p e r i e n c e . C u s t o m e r s h a t e
indifference. Efforts to resolve customer
complaints or problems are more
important. Efforts are appreciated by
customers, more than desired results.
9. Empower the Employees : The most
striking factor is the empowerment
given to their employees by the
organizations. Good customer service
is a by-product of satisfied and
empowered employees.
10. Complete Focus on Customer :
We are in the business for customers
and because of customers. If we don't
take proper care of them we will be out of
business. An organisation's profit level
is directly proportional to customer
focus.
11. Total Customer Ownership : Each
function of an organization operates in a
'silo'. One department passes the buck
to another function for failures. In all the
internal, operational fights, a customer
is forgotten. An organisation should
own the customer and should give him
priority in each and every activity.
12. Total Employee Involvement :
Managing customer experience is not
the responsibility of only sales and
service professionals. Every employee
in the organization in some way or the
other contributes to a good customer
experience. To succeed and to retain
customers, the involvement of every
employee in the value chain of the
customer transaction is critical.
keeping their enthusiasm and spirit
alive. Also punishing non performance
is equally essential to send the right
message across. Stringent measures
should be put in place to ensure that bad
customer service does not go un-
•
ensure that. It is important to create
a culture of customer delight.
Every employee in the organization
is in some way or the other
contributing to a good customer
13. Continuous Training : Regular
noticed and unpunished. experience.
training and awareness programs in
'customer service and delight' are a
must in today's world in order to
translate the organisation's vision of
p r o v i d i n g e x c e l l e n t c u s t o m e r
experience into a reality. Ensuring that
15. Measure : Every customer related
activity should be measured regularly.
Only when you measure and track the
customer experience delivered, every
day, improvements will be possible.
• Stringent measures to track
employee performance will make
the process of reward and
punishment a regular and timely
one.
every employee is thoroughly inducted
into the culture of good customer
service as well as organizational
policies is highly essential.
Conclusions
• Improving customer experience,
improves the way you treat people.
The single most important change
• The closer you are to your
customers the more successful you
will be in business. The stronger
your customer relationships the
14. Rewards and Punishment : In this
'instant gratification world' rewarding
employees who provide excellent
customer experience on the same day
or as quickly as possible is critical in
•
one can make to an organisation's
profit level is to focus on customers.
Good customer experience cannot
be provided by employees just
because every employee is told to
more profitable you will be. It's that
simple.
----------------------------------------------------
Jayprakash Zende is a consultant and
trainer.
- Owb¡ 2012 27

HIGH MORALE
=
BETTER TEACHERS
Dr. Shriniwas Joshi and Dr. Narendra Kadu
Morale is described as ‘moral or to be high, otherwise, it is low. According administrators, students and their
mental condition with respect to Date Yoder, high morale is likely to be parents, media and society in general -
to cheerfulness, confidence associated with superior motivation and to provide them an environment which
and zeal’ by the Macquarie Dictionary. accomplishment and low morale with will boost their morale.
Morale is also defined as ‘a composite of frustration, discouragement and lack of
feelings, attitudes, and sentiments that drive. NCTE (1998) states, “A teacher in
contribute to general feelings of the technological age must have
satisfaction’. In this connection morale Although a teacher is highly commitment to the learner, commitment
is understood as one’s attitude towards qualified, experienced, satisfied with his to the society, commitment to the
accomplishing one’s work rather than / her career and is talented in teaching profession, commitment to achieve
the emotions one displays during work, and other academic work, all these excellence and commitment to basic
which in turn affects organizational and attributes are useless, unless he/she is human values. Thus, a teacher should
individual objectives. Y.K. Bhushan actually involved and committed to the be equipped with modern competence
(1976) defines morale as ‘an expression job. This commitment has to be to work effectively to cater to the needs
of attitudes which the members of an voluntary and automatic, driven by of an information-seeking society, to
organization develop and adopt towards internal and external motivators. One prove himself or herself as a knowledge
the organization, its members, its cannot compel a teacher to be worker.”
purposes and its leaders’. committed to his/her job. Such
dedication and interest in aiming to Approaches to Morale
This means morale is the deliver the best coupled with a positive There are various approaches to
summation of the feelings of employees attitude towards one’s job and institution enhance the morale of employees,
as a group towards various aspects of is nothing but ‘morale’. If one does not some of which are discussed here.
their work, the company, working have high morale one may not be able to
conditions, fellow workers, supervisors put in all one’s efforts in attaining the Psychological Approach
and so on. If the attitude of employees objective of the educational system. It is Ralph Currier Davis (1951) has
towards all these aspects is more the duty of the people around teachers - defined morale as, a mental condition
positive, the morale of the group is said f a m i l y m e m b e r s , p e e r g r o u p , which leads individuals and groups
- Owb¡ 2012
29

30
optimistic about group activities, if they
have a sense of mission about their job,
if they are friendly with each other, they
are described as having a good or high
morale. If they seem to be dissatisfied,
irritated, cranky, critical, restless and
pessimistic, they are described as
having poor or low morale. Theo
Haimann (1976) says: “Morale is a state
of mind and emotions affecting the
attitude and willingness to work which,
in turn, affects individual and
organizational objectives.”
Social Approach
According to Kornhauser (1944)
morale as it operates in the industry may
be considered as the tendency of
e m p l o y e e s t o w o r k t o g e t h e r
enthusiastically for a common purpose.
According to Stagner (1958) morale
must always be defined in terms of an
individual – group relationship. It is an
index of the extent to which the
individual perceives a probability of
satisfying his own motives through cooperation
with the group. Obviously,
there is no such phenomenon as morale
in general; the state of an individual’s
morale must be gauged relative to some
specific group, such as his company, his
informal work group or his union. High
morale exists when the individual
perceives himself as a member of a
group and perceives a high probability
of achieving both individual and group
goals through a course of action.
willingly to subordinate their personal
objectives temporarily and within
reason, to further the company service
objectives. Mee (1955), holds the view
that good morale is the mental attitude
of individuals, or of a group, which
enables an employee to realize that
maximum satisfaction of his drives
coincides with the fulfillment of the
organization’s objectives. Poor morale
i s e v i d e n c e d b y s u r l i n e s s ,
i n s u b o r d i n a t i o n , a f e e l i n g o f
discouragement and dislike of the job,
company and associates.”
Huneryager and Hockmann (1972)
define morale as a synthesis of an
employee’s diverse reactions to, and
Viteles (1962) viewed morale as an
attitude of satisfaction with the desire to
continue in and willingness to strive for
the goals of a particular group or
organization. Watson (1962) describes
group morale as including a positive
goal, a sense of togetherness among
team members, an awareness of
danger and sureness of improvement
and progress.
objectives of the company, and
subordinates his desires to those of the
company. Flippo (1961) has described
morale as “a mental condition or attitude
of individuals and groups which
determines their willingness to cooperate.”
Further he states that “good
morale is evidenced by employee
enthusiasm, voluntary conformance
with regulation and orders, and
willingness to co-operate with others in
t h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f a n
feelings for, his job, his working
conditions, his superiors, his
organization, his fellow workers, and his
pay and so on. Yoder (1976), states that
“morale is a feeling, somewhat related
to esprit de corps, enthusiasm or zeal.”
For a group of workers, morale,
according to the popular usage of the
word, refers, to the overall tone, climate
or atmosphere or work, perhaps
vaguely sensed by the members. If
workers appear to feel enthusiastic and
Classical Approach
Gordon Allport (1944), the famous
psychologist, provides a basic
understanding of morale. According to
him, morale like health and sanity has to
do with the background conditions of
living. It is found on the fringe rather than
in the focus of consciousness. It has to
do with individual effort in a group
endeavour.
Guion (1958) has collated a number
- Owb¡ 2012

of definitions of morale from various range of online activities that are updating themselves with their subject
sources: supportive of student learning. knowledge.
a. Morale defined as absence of conflict • The Advisor-Counsellor : Works
b. Morale defined as a feeling of with learners on an individual or Importance of Teacher Training
happiness private basis, offering advice or Though certain competencies are
c. Morale defined as good personal counselling to help them get the in-born, either these have to be modified
adjustment most out of their engagement with or new competencies have to be
d. M o r a l e d e f i n e d a s g r o u p the course. developed. Any skill has to go through
cohesiveness • The Assessor : Concerned with certain upgrading and polishing. Here
e. Morale defined as a collection of job- providing grades, feedback and the impact of teacher training has to be
related attitudes validation of learners’ work. evaluated and its effectiveness and
f. Morale defined as ego involvement • The Researcher : Concerned with outcome needs to be measured through
in one’s job engagement in production of new enhanced teaching competencies
g. Morale defined as an individual’s knowledge of relevance to the demonstrated in the teaching-learning
acceptance of goals of the group content areas being taught. process. Teacher education has to be
• T h e C o n t e n t - F a c i l i t a t o r : rendered meaningful to a person to
And further he defines morale as Concerned directly with facilitating enable him/ her to become aware of the
“the extent to which an individual’s learners’ growing understanding of dynamic and far reaching nature of a
needs are satisfied and the extent to course content. teacher’s role.
which the individual perceives that • The Technologist : Concerned with
satisfaction as stemming from his total making, or helping to make Education is basically a social
job situation.” Coughlan (1970) technological choices that improve process by which knowledge is
identified two principles relating to the environment available to transferred to students through
morale in Guion’s definition. One learners. intermediaries - the teachers. It can be
principle suggested that individual • The Designer : Concerned with attained through formal and non-formal
needs, whether inherent or acquired, designing worthwhile online systems. The quality of citizens
are satisfied within the realm of one’s learning tasks. depends in many ways upon the quality
place of work. The second principle of their education. The quality of their
identified by Coughlan emphasized the Education is a powerful and education depends in turn upon the
importance of an individual’s fundamental force in the life of man quality of teachers. Only competent
perceptions of the availability of which is instrumental in shaping the teachers can execute policies and plans
resources to satisfy his needs. destiny of the individual and further of education in the classroom at the
mankind. In spite of the fact that grass root level. A competent teacher is
According to Jeff Harris (1976), one technological advancements have amongst the foremost factors
of the more controversial topics made much headway in the process of c o n t r i b u t i n g t o e d u c a t i o n a l
concerning workers’ behaviour is that of teaching-learning, it has not been found improvements at all levels.
workers’ morale. There has been no possible to replace the teacher. If
universal position taken concerning the teachers acquire professional Training makes a significant value
effects of morale on workers’ competencies and commitment, then addition in the teaching competencies of
performance nor has there been even a high quality learning can be achieved by teachers, and the difference between
complete definition of what it is. A helpful bringing about positive changes in the the classroom performance of trained
approach to the analysis of morale is to cognitive, affective and psychomotor and untrained teachers is considerable.
view it as the workers’ perception of the areas of human development of their Moreover trained teachers are also far
existing state of their well-being. Morale pupils. more adept at guiding and counseling
is said to be high when conditions or children in overcoming study related
circumstances appear favourable and In the context of the present day problems.
low when unfavourable. school realities, aims and objectives of
education, a teacher is expected to Needless to say this is primarily
Role of Teachers perform various rules. Therefore, because training boosts the morale of
The process of redefining and teachers should be competent to handle teachers greatly, impacting their
developing the crucial role of the various roles and the teacher training motivation and commitment levels
teacher in student learning is one where ought to be relevant to the demands of a positively.
the teacher provides coaching and teacher’s job. In the field of education ---------------------------------------------------scaffolding
support as a central and teachers should equip themselves to Dr. Shriniwas Joshi is Principal of K. K.
important pedagogical element, and as perform their professional duties H. A. Arts & S.M.G.L. Commerce
an alternative to didactic forms of meaningfully. Competencies are the key College, Chandwad ,Dist- Nashik
teaching. Some of the roles identified to a teacher’s performance today. The Dr. Narenrda Kadu is joint Director,
are: teaching profession demands that Higher educaton, Pune zone, Pune
• The Process Facilitator : teachers be innovative in their attitudes,
Concerned with facilitating the flexible in their approach, always
- Owb¡ 2012 31

32
Dream Analysis - An Introduction
Dr. C. G. Deshpande
We have a waking life and a experienced are actually happening - interpreted is like a letter which is not
sleeping life. Everybody but then as we wake up to everyday read.” Scriptures of all cultures and
experiences dreams in reality we cannot make sense of religions have endeavoured to explain
sleeping life. Dreams are universal. anything and wonder what it all meant. the phenomenon through the ages.
They tantalize us with their mystery. Most dream analysts believe that Babylonians considered that there is a
What are they? Where do they come dreams are not meaningless but littered Goddess of Dreams named 'Mamu' who
from? Are they a preview of things to with messages from our unconscious. is responsible for the experiences in
come or glimpses of the past? Are they a They are inner communications that, if dreams. Ancient Greeks worshipped
vital link to our inner world; a gift from our heeded, have the potential to set us on 'Aesculapius' as the God of healing,
intuition? Can a dream lead to important the road to a richer, more fulfilling path in dreaming and medicine. They thought
insights in our waking life, and help us waking life. They are, according to that an individual dreams because gods
decide which action to take and which Sigmund Freud, “Royal roads to the or ghosts enter the body of the dreamer.
path to follow? We have many such unconscious.” Dreams were interpreted by the
questions in our mind. Oracles. Hippocrates, the father of
According to the Talmud, the book of modern medicine, considered dreams
A dream can sometimes feel Jewish civil and ceremonial law and as diagnostic indicators of bodily
incredibly real - as if the sensations legend, - “A dream which is not conditions. He thought that there is a
- Owb¡ 2012
- Owb¡ 2012

elationship between astral bodies and were established to know the process can think of dreams as under:
dreams. Aristotle studied and made a and types of dreams. It has been found • Dream as a problem solver.
logical interpretation of dreams and that there are 24 types of dreams. • Dream as wish fulfillment.
wrote three books, namely i) On Dreams Likewise, there are ten most common • Dream as a prodromic (an early
ii) On Sleep and Waking and iii) On dreams experienced by individuals from symptom indicating the onset of
Prophecy in Sleep. The 9th book of all cultures. Sigmund Freud published disease)
Republic, written by Plato, focuses on his book entitled “Interpretation of • Dream as prophetic
dreams. According to him, individuals Dreams” in 1900. This book opened the • Dream as diagnostic, and
dream because their reasoning ability is w a y f o r i n t e r p r e t i n g d r e a m s • Dream as creative and useful for self
suspended during sleep; and scientifically. After him, C. G. Jung, development
consequently they experience dreams Alfred Adler, Patricia Garfield and
full of passions and desire. Atharva Ullman have also advocated their We can understand our waking life
Veda gives lists of favourable and scientific theories on the subject. better provided we understand our
unfavourable dreams and considers the dreaming life properly. According to
'soul' as the primary agent of dreams. It is now scientifically accepted that Belgian surrealist artist, Rene Magritte,
most of the dreams we remember occur “If the dream is a translation of waking
All the above explanations were during the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) life, then, waking life is also a translation
hypothetical. The scientific era for stage - a sleep when the brain is fully of the dream.”
interpreting dreams started in the early active. Calvin Hall has postulated the
twentieth century when scientists cognitive theory of dreams. Our dreams ---------------------------------------------------started
measuring brain waves - are the results of our cognitive process. Dr. C. G. Deshpande is a retired
electroencephalograms (EEG) on Professor & HOD of Dept. of Applied
computer screens. Dream laboratories For explaining our waking life, we Psychology, University of Mumbai
INVITING PROFESSIONALS TO WRITE FOR SAMPADA
In its 68th year of publication, Sampada, MCCIA’s monthly magazine continues to provide readers with a wide range of
knowledge and information based articles of relevance to industry and trade, working professionals, entrepreneurs, students and
all other fraternities connected to the world of business and commerce.
Sampada has also consistently upgraded its content and quality with changing times, reinvented itself and re-cast its look and
feel. As part of this ongoing process Sampada plans to further widen and enrich the variety and depth of its contents and broad base
its pool of contributors.
Sampada therefore invites working professionals, managers, entrepreneurs, subject and industry experts, consultants,
trainers, professors, students from various fields and disciplines to WRITE ARTICLES for Sampada in ENGLISH or MARATHI.
The articles can be on any field related to all types of business, industry, trade, related professions - technical, technological,
engineering, manufacturing, management, HR, soft skills, life skills (related to work), self development, R & D, marketing and sales,
finance, economics, accounts, administration, legal, IT, strategy, policy, knowledge, information, global experiences and practices,
CSR, innovation, training & development, logistics, support services etc.
General interest articles are also welcome provided they are of relevance to work life and industry.
The guidelines for submitting such articles are:
• Articles should deal with the subject / topic with some level of detail not just as summaries. Articles should reflect some
depth of practical / theoretical knowledge of the author.
• Article length should be between 1000 and 1500 words preferably. Longer articles up to 3000 – 4000 words may also be
accepted but should be accompanied by a brief summary / synopsis.
• Articles must be submitted as MS Word Files by email to editor.sampada@gmail.com . No handwritten English articles will be
accepted. Handwritten Marathi articles may be considered if the length is not longer than 1000 words. For Marathi articles
please contact Pramod Potbhare on 9422035207 or email to pramodp@mcciapune.com
• Articles should be in either English or Marathi. Please write only in the language you are fluent and comfortable with. Every
effort must be made to ensure the article has flow and fluency.
• Any data, statistical information, figures, extracts, quotes etc. included in the article have to be supported by relevant source
information and duly credited.
• Images / photos may be sent as separate attachments with details of source etc.
• Articles should be submitted by the 20th of every month as far as possible.
• The articles should not have any undue element of self promotion / publicity.
• Contributors must submit a brief profile that includes credentials for writing on the subject.
• Kindly note that articles should be ‘original’ and ‘unpublished’. Author must make this declaration while making submission.
• A small honorarium will be paid.
• Decision of the Editor is final. A minimum of one or two months will elapse before submitted articles are published. Sometimes it
may take even longer depending on space availability.
- Owb¡ 2012 33

34
Business Intelligence for
the Manufacturing Industry
Rajendra Babtiwale
Business Context fought all these challenges in the best making decisions?” In a lighter vein I
Today the manufacturing industry suitable way by setting up systems and always call it as the paralysis of
faces different challenges than those it processes, adopting quality cultures like analysis. We should refer to one
grappled with a decade ago. Ten years TQM, TPM, Kaizen, Quality Circles and beautiful statement made by Eliyahu
ago, we were talking about competition Six Sigma etc. Industry also got Goldratt in his book 'The Haystack
from global players, low cost producers accredited for various quality Syndrome'. He says, 'Maybe we should
and managing constantly changing certifications like ISO 9001, 14001 and define information not as 'the data
customer expectations and our many more. All these initiatives have required to answer a question' but as
processes and systems. Today industry helped industrial organizations to 'the answer to the question asked'. That
is under pressure to fight all the evils of i m p r o v e t h e i r e f f i c i e n c y a n d way information is not the input to the
the past as well as emerging effectiveness to a great extent, as also decision making process, it is the output
complexities but at the same time does to survive and excel in the business of the decision making process”.
not have the right information systems domains they are in.
to diagnose and take meaningful Now this poses a bigger challenge
actions to reduce these competitive Such maintenance and improvement as we have never defined information
pressures. initiatives have generated humongous that way. Information that is collected in
data. In my opinion the question today is organizations is rarely holistic. The data
Over a period of time, industry has “How one can use this data for on related and unrelated parameters is
- Owb¡ 2012

inadequate or unavailable making it
difficult to compare, tweak and forecast
performance. Organizations find
something called as the 'Fact Gap'
between data and usable information
due to various reasons which we will
discuss in this article.
One reason that comes immediately
to mind is that many organizations have
different IT systems in different
functions and therefore data collection
happens in a disintegrated fashion. This
makes it difficult to have a consolidated
view to produce relevant information
(decision). The big picture is missed out.
As usual actions taken are suboptimized
and do not give results which
are comprehensive.
Also data gathered in different
pockets of the industry does not
percolate down to various levels
vertically and horizontally, which again competitors optimal cost and helps improve
makes it difficult to take a decision 8. Data on key elements retaining performance of operations,
without having knowledge of the impact customers scheduling and procurement
it has in different areas.
9. Proactive assessment of the systems.
situation • QA data gets analyzed and provides
T h e I T s y s t e m s t h a t a r e 10. Ability to forecast direction for making enhancements
implemented in many organizations are
in the product and handle customer
not able to generate desired reports. All these challenges inhibit timely complaints in a better fashion.
The majority of the reports generated and effective decision making. • Decision on introducing new
are static and there is dependency on
the IT function in the organization to
generate these reports. These reports
take a long time to be analysed and
cannot be used for forecasting to a great
extent.
The data, reports and the
information based on them is known as
Business Intelligence, which is getting
widely accepted across industry
sectors.
Challenges Faced by Organizations
1. Having bird's eye view at
organizational and functional levels
2. Availability of information at all
locations
Business intelligence has become a
necessity for the organizations, not only
to look at historical and present data,
analyze and take decisions but it also
provides an opportunity to tweak
parameters to simulate results for better
forecasting. In one way it is like DOE
(Design of Experiment); however the
difference in BI (Business Intelligence)
is that we can simulate past data by
tweaking parameters to understand
trends and does not involve actually
conducting experiments and observing
results as in DOE.
Benefits of Business Intelligence (BI)
• The benefits that organizations can
•
•
•
•
•
technologies is possible by using BI.
Reports are not at the end of line or
after the fact but are generated
upstream for better decision making.
Report generation has flexibility and
they are dynamic.
It is possible to compare lateral
parameters and cross functional
performance can be analyzed in a
better fashion.
Lateral communication gets better
and transparency is brought in,
which helps build trust.
The most important benefit is that
the accuracy of data improves
because of its visibility to a larger
group within the organization.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Integration of data at organizational
level
Speed and flexibility to generate ad-
hoc reports
Flexibility to add new data sources
in the current system
Capability to drill down to elemental
level data for better decision
making
•
•
accrue from BI are many. BI helps
provide proactive responses to
customers, which in turn leads to
improved customer relationships.
It helps to handle ever changing
market place expectations.
It is easy to take effective decisions
in case of new products and
estimate time to market.
----------------------------------------------------
Rajendra Babtiwale is AVP at e-Zest
solutions Ltd. a “Micro-Strategy
Business Intelligence and Mobile
Business Intelligence” partner providing
high performance, scalable enterprise
Business Intelligence platform for a
cross-section of industries.
7. B e n c h m a r k i n g a b i l i t y w i t h • BI helps to manage inventory at
- Owb¡ 2012
35

36
MCCIA Event Highlights - May - June 2012
MCCIA and FICCI (Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce &
Industry) jointly organized a seminar
titled “Advertising – Gateway to Build
a Successful Brand” in Pune on 19th
June. The purpose of this program was
to enlighten small industries, startup
companies and other SMEs on the
advantages of advertising and the
various branding and advertising
avenues available.
MCCIA – FICCI Joint Seminar on Advertising
Mr. Vikram Sakhuja, Chairman,
FICCI, Advertising and Marketing
Committee and CEO – South Asia,
Group M Media India Pvt. Ltd.
introduced participants to the world of on advertising budget allocations of and Zee Talkies sponsored the event.
advertising and the steps involved in some of the most famous brands. 110 participants from SME companies
making advertising work for one’s The second session on the Power of participated in this interactive seminar.
business. Mr. Shripad Nadkarni,
Founder Director, MarketGate
Consulting then gave a presentation on
“How to build a brand from scratch.”
He took the audience through the
journey of advertising of various brands,
citing Nirma and Surf Excel as one time
rival brands and the evolution of their
respective advertising strategies over
time. Mr. Nadkarni also spoke on the
importance of effective advertisement
spends and presented various statistics
Media, covered Radio, Television &
Newspaper as advertising mediums.
Mr. Sameer Sainani, Chief Revenue
officer, Radio Mirchi, Mr. Atul Pande,
CEO, Ten Sports and Mr. Gautam
Dalal, VP – Marketing, DNA spoke on
effective advertising through radio,
television and the print media
respectively.
Rage Communication Pvt. Ltd., a
Mumbai based agency and Zee Marathi
This included participation from
companies like Armstrong Machine
Builders Pvt. Ltd, Baramati Agro Ltd.,
BITS Pvt. Ltd., Choice Dental Clinic,
Delphi Computech Pvt. Ltd., Electronica
Finance Ltd., Indiacom Ltd., Nishikawa
Communication, ORWELL IT Solutions
Pvt. Ltd., Symbiosis Management
Studies, Universal Solutions as well as
several smaller firms and individuals.
lll
A full day training program on ‘Customer • How to deal professionally and industry and was attended by
Care’ was organized at MCCIA on 23rd confidently with customers participants from John Deere India,
May. The session was conducted by • How to handle difficult situations or Pneumatic Engineering Corporation,
consultant and trainer, Mr. Jayprakash complaints positively Kam Avida, Enviro Engineering,
Zende. Designed to provide essential • Building confidence to make Sandvik Asia Pvt. Ltd, Vritti Solutions
skills to meet customer needs, Mr. decisions and take personal Ltd., NeilSoft Ltd., Yenkay Instruments
Zende covered topics such as responsibility for actions & Control, Durr Ecoclean, Penosh
• How to handle crisis • Creating a plan for improvement Translink, Elite Service Apartments Pvt.
• Developing the key criteria for back at work Ltd.
achieving good customer service The event got a good response from the lll
- Owb¡ 2012
Workshop on Essential Customer Care Skills
Benchmarking as a Tool for Product Development / Improvement
A one day session on ‘Benchmarking’ • How Benchmarking Is Done personnel from Armstrong Machine
conducted by eminent speaker and • B e n c h m a r k i n g v s R e v e r s e Building, Bag Electronics, Vanaz
author, Shrinivas Sharangpani was Engineering Engineers Ltd, A Raymond Fasteners
organized at MCCIA on 29th May. The • Benchmarking Practices India Pvt. Ltd, Duroshox Pvt. Ltd. , Sara
program was interactive and covered • B e n c h m a r k i n g a n d V a l u e Plast Pvt.Ltd, Behr – Hella
topics such as Engineering Themocontrol (I) Pvt. Ltd. etc.
• Advantages of Benchmarking The program elicited a good response
• Why Benchmarking is Necessary from companies and was attended by lll

MCCIA MEMBER FOCUS - WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS' SERIES
Entrepreneur in Focus - Sheela Dharia, Anant Enterprises
Q.1) Nature of Business and Product manufacturing business and our main Q.6) What are your future focus areas
/ Services offered by your enterprise. customer was the Ministry of Defence. and ambitions?
Ans : We specialize in manufacturing Right from the beginning, I was very Ans : I want to expand my firm from an
s p r i n g s f o r E n g i n e Va l v e s , keen to do something on my own. SSI to a LSI.
Suspensions, Compressors, Printing Hence I tapped private companies for
Press, Elevators & Actuators, Hydraulic their requirements in springs. Since we Q.7) As a women entrepreneur, what
& Pneumatic Equipment, Air Operated got an encouraging response we set up particular experience / incident do
Presses, Power Hydraulic Presses, ‘Anant Enterprises’ as a separate firm you consider as the most valuable or
Door Locks, Clutches and Clocks. We which was operationally handed over to something that taught you a lot?
manufacture all types of Helical Coil me in 1998. Ans : When the business was handed
Springs and Wire form items. We soon acquired the ISO 9000 over to me in 1998, it was a turning point
Anant Enterprises is equipped with a certification and we have even started for me to handle the operations single
fully automatic coiling machine up to exporting springs to Singapore now. handedly. I had to face various
5.00 mm wire diameter. We also situations independently.
specialize in the manufacture of heavy Q.4) What challenges did you face One renowned company had placed an
springs up to 50.00 mm wire diameter while establishing your firm / order for custom made, stainless steel
through cold / hot rolled processes. We business? springs. I visited that company, studied
have a fully computerized design set up, Ans : Since my children were small, the all their systems and manufactured the
electronic load testing facilities and balance between work and home was a items to specification on priority.
qualified technical personnel. big challenge for me. Everything was fine initially and we got
Tackling business competition for long regular orders from the company. I
Q.2) What inspired you or motivated term sustenance is a tough job. The ups therefore invested and procured stocks
you to become an entrepreneur / start and downs of the market and labour of raw material. But a year later, one fine
your business? problems are the main worries. day, the company stopped placing
Ans : Since childhood, I always had a orders with us citing costing problems. I
great urge to do something different in Q.5) What achievements of your firm / tried my best to find a solution but it was
my career. business are you most proud of? of no use. Thus I ended up with a big
Ans : We received the Mahila Udyojak financial loss!
Q.3) Please give us your brief profile Award from MCCIA in 1998. We were Every day is a challenge. We get
and background (personal and also awarded the Indira Gandhi positive and negative results in
professional)? Sadbhavana Award in 2005. The business. But my aim is always to run
Ans : I have done my B. Sc. in turnover of my firm has reached close to my business effectively, carefully and
Chemistry. After marriage I joined my Rs 2 crores in this financial year. with professional determination.
brother-in-law who had started a spring lll
- Owb¡ 2012
37

38
OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmarH$aU 21 ì`m eVH$mVrb AmìhmZ
M§ÐH$m§V ämynmb nmQ>rb
OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmar nÜXVrbm hOmamo Q>ŠŠ`mn`©§V dmT>{dbr Am{U àË`oH$ joÌmV H$amd`mMr Ago `mdoir R>abo. na§Vy A_o[aHo$Zo
dfm©nydr©Mr na§nam Amho. OJmÀ`m ñd`§nyU©VoMm Ü`mg KoVbm Jobm. `mMm {dnarV ZH$ma {Xë`m_wio J°Q> (OZab A°J«r_|Q> Am°\$
gwê$dmVrnmgyZ ì`mnmamda H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo n[aUm_ A_o[aH$Z AW©ì`dñWoda hmodyZ Q>o[a\$ A°ÊS> Q´>oS>) `mMmM AW© åhUOo OH$mV
{Z`§ÌU ZìhVo. `mMm AW© Iwbm _wŠV ì`mnma A_o[aHo$Mm Am§VaamîQ´>r` ~mOmanoR>oVrb {hñgm Am{U ì`mnma `m§gmR>r gd©gmYmaU g_PmoVm
MmbV hmoVm Ago Zmhr. gÜ`m Á`mà_mUo 13.8% dê$Z 9.9% n`©§V Kgabm. VgoM H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`mZ§Va J°Q>Mo ê$nm§Va
Ag§K{Q>V eoVH$è`m§Mo emofU hmoV Amho Ë`mM {~«Q>Z d BVa `wamo{n`Z Xoehr `mM _mJm©Zo OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoV (WTO) H$ê$Z 1
nÜXVrZo XrZXþ~i`m§Zm Jwbm_{JarÀ`m Joë`mZo Ë`m§Zmhr VgmM \$Q>H$m ~gbm. OmZodmar 1995 amoOr WTO Mr ñWmnZm
XmdUrbm ~m§Ybo OmV hmoVo. amOmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo WmoS>Š`mV ~§{XñV AW©ì`dñWoMo Xmof bm°S©> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`m_wio OJ hr EH$ ~mOmanoR>
d AmYmamZo nm{hOo Ë`m dJm©Mo ì`mnmamÛmao byQ> Ho$Ýg `m§Zr Xe©dyZ {Xbo d VoWyZ Ho$ÝgÀ`m {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV AmO ~è`mM A§er `e àmá
Ho$br OmV hmoVr. ì`mnmam_Ü`o AZoH$ {dH¥$Vr {dMmam§Mm AW©ì`dñWoda à^md am{hbm. `mMm Pmbo. AZoH$ Xoem§À`m AW©ì`dñWm Iwë`m
{Z_m©U Pmë`m hmoË`m. Z\$m H$_{dUo EdT>oM gdm©§JrU {dMma H$ê$Z Xþgè`m _hm`wÜXmZ§Va H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. `m YmoaUmMo EH$m ~mOybm
C{ÔîQ> g_moa R>odyZ AZoH$ J¡a_mJ© dmnabo OmV AW©H$maU KgaUrbm Amë`m_wio A_o[aH$m XoemÀ`m doJdmZ {dH$mgmgmR>r Mm§Jbo \$m`Xo
hmoVo. 2500 dfm©nydr© H$m¡{Q>ë`mZo AW©emñÌ Am{U {~«Q>Z d BVa {dH${gV, {dH$gZerb d hmoV Agbo Var H$moUË`mhr JmoîQ>rbm H$moR>oVar d
{b{hbo. Ë`mZ§Va AW©emñÌm~m~VMo A{dH${gV amîQ´>m§Zr "EH$_oH$m ghmæ` H$ê$, H$mhr _`m©Xm `oVmVM. AmO _wŠV AW©ì`dñWoV
Amnë`mH$S>rb {dMma_§WZ Odinmg Wm§~bo. AdKo Yê$ gwn§W' `m nÜXVrZo 1944 gmbr Or AJ{VH$Vm {Z_m©U Pmbr Ë`mMo {dMma_§WZ
na§Vy OJmZo _mÌ Vo Mmby R>odbo. A°S>_ pñ_W, A_o[aHo$Vrb ~«oQ>ZdyS> _Ü`o 44 amï´>>m§À`m H$aÊ`mgmR>r Wm`b§S>, B§S>moZo{e`m, V¡dmZ,
So>ìhrS> [aH$m°S>m} gma»`m AW©VÁkm§_wio gXñ`m§Mr n[afX Pmbr. `mMo \${bV åhUOo H$mo[a`m `m Xoem§Zm AZoH$ AW©VÁkm§Zr ^oQ>r
A_o[aHo$Zo 1929 _Ü`o _§Xrda _mV Am§VaamîQ´>r` ZmUo{ZYr d OmJ{VH$ ~±H$ {Xboë`m AmhoV Am{U Hw$R>o H$m` MwH$bo `mMo
H$aÊ`mH$arVm Xoembm ~§{XñV AW©ì`dñWoV `m§gma»`m g§ñWm§Mm OÝ_ Pmbm. Am§VaamîQ´>r` {díbofUhr à{gÜX Pmbo. ZwH$VoM
OISy>Z R>odbo. OH$mV 38 Q>Š`m§dê$Z 52 ì`mnmamgmR>r Am`Q>rAmo g§KQ>Zm {Z_m©U _m`H«$mogm°âQ>Mo AÜ`j {~b JoQ>g² `m§Zr _m{hVr
- Owb¡ 2012

V§ÌkmZmÀ`m H«$m§VrÀ`m _`m©Xm ñnîQ> Ho$ë`m Jar~ Xoem§Zr doT>bobo Agob Va lr_§V Xoem§Zm Xoem§_Ü`o OmJ{VH$sH$aUmbm àM§S> {damoY
AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m _Vmà_mUo, "_m{hVr XrK©H$mimn`©§V Amnbo d¡^d {Q>H$dyZ R>odVm `oV {Z_m©U hmoV Agë`mMo AmnU nmhVmo Amho.
V§ÌkmZmMm \w$Jm \w$Q>bobm Agbm Var hm H$mhr Zmhr `mMr OmUrd `wZmo, A_o[aH$m d Ë`m§À`m na§Vy Oa {dH${gV Am{U A{dH${gV XoemÀ`m
V§ÌkmZmMm eodQ> åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. `m {_ÌamîQ´>m§Zm Pmbr. Ë`mVyZM OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMo {nidUyH$sgmR>r H$moUVohr H$ama, Z¡{VH$Vm
V§ÌkmZmMm n{hbm ~ha Amogê$ bmJbm Amho dmao dmhÿ bmJbo. EH$m AWm©Zo OmJ{VH$sH$aU Am{U _mZdOmVrÀ`m {hVm{dê$ÜX Ho$bo Jobo Va
BVHo$M. na§Vy hm ~ha BVŠ`mV Amogaob `mMr hr Am{W©H$ EH$sH$aUmMr d {dH$mgmMr EH$ Ë`m§Mr gmIir {H$Vr Oar nŠH$s Agbr Var
Hw$Umbm H$ënZm ZìhVr. S>m°Q> H$m°_² H§$nÝ`m§Zr à{H«$`m Amho. VgoM ì`mnma ho Ooìhm OJÊ`mMo Ë`mÀ`m H$S>`m H$Yr {ZIiyZ nS>Vrb ho
Am{U AY©dQ> _m{hVr KodyZ àgma H$aUmè`m gmYZ AgVo Vmon`©§V Ë`mVrb Z¡{VH$Vm {Q>Hy$Z H$moUmbm H$iUmagwÜXm Zmhr. `m ^mdZoVyZM
_§S>itZr ^a_gmR> AmídmgZo {Xbr. EH$ amhVo. na§Vy Ho$di Zâ`mgmR>r ì`mnma ho gyÌ OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma H$amambm g_OmdyZ KoUo
AmJiodoJio {MÌ {Z_m©U Ho$bo Am{U H$mhr Ooìhm A§JrH$mabo OmVo Voìhm _mÌ ì`mnmamVrb _hËdmMo R>aVo. Ë`mMm Aä`mg H$aUo,
dfm©VM ^«_mMm hm ^monim \w$Q>bm.' EH§$XarVM Z¡{VH$Vm, AÜ`mpË_H$Vm ZîQ> hmoVo. \$ŠV Z\$m Ë`m_m\©$V Amnbo {hV gmYyZ KoUo, `mgmR>r _mJ©
XoemMr AW©ì`dñWm H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr Agmo {_i{dÊ`mMr, Amoa~S>Ê`mMr amjgr àd¥ËVr emoYUo ho _hËdmMo Amho. CJmM "^moH$m§S>r
Ë`m§Zm ì`mnmaMH«$mMo n[aUm_ OmUdVmV. OÝ_mbm `oVo. gm_«mÁ` {dñVmamÀ`m bmbgoZo Ambr' Ago åhUyZ Ë`mMm ~mD$ H$aUo
^maVmZo ñdmV§Í`àmárZ§Va ^maVr` `wamo{n`Z amîQ´>m§Zr gd© OJmbm Amnbo Am{W©H$, Hw$UmÀ`mhr \$m`ÚmMo Zmhr.
KQ>Zoà_mUo bmoH$H$ë`mUmbm _hÎd XodyZ {_l _mZ{gH$ Jwbm_ Ho$bo. Ë`m§Mo àM§S> emofU Ho$bo. `mgmR>r OmJ{VH$sH$aUm_wio {Z_m©U
AW©ì`dñWoMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. g_mOdmXmMo Ë`m_wioM gÜ`mÀ`m OmJ{VH$sH$aU à{H«$`oH$So> hmoUmè`m ñnY}V {Q>H$m`Mo Agob Va
JmoS>do JmV JmV gaH$mar ñVamda bmoH$m§À`m "XþYmZo Vm|S> nmoibo åhUyZ bmoH$ VmH$gwÜXm BñÌmB©bÀ`m ì`mnma nÜXVrZo Amnë`mbm
_mbH$sMr àM§S> H$maImZXmar {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV \w§$Hy$Z {nVmV' `m nÜXVrZo nmhÿ bmJbo AmhoV. ì`mnma H$amdm bmJUma Amho. Ë`m§Zr ì`mnmamMr
Ambr. na§Vy ImOJr d gaH$mar ñVamda gÜ`m J°Q> H$ama Am{U OmJ{VH$sH$aU ho Imbrb AmH¥$VrV XmI{dë`mà_mUo EH$
Jm\$sbnUm Am{U gwñVnUm CX`mg Ambm d Jwbm_rÀ`m Zì`m e¥I§bm AmhoV Ago AmJirdoJir nÜXVr H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$br Amho.
EH$ àH$maMr J«mhH$m§Mr {nidUyH$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ Amnë`mH$S>rb ~hþg§»` bmoH$ _mZy bmJbo AmH¥$VrV Xe©{dbobr ì`mnmar nÜXV Oa
joÌm_m\©$V gwê$ Pmbr. WmoS>Š`mV VamOyMm AmhoV. Ë`m_wioM ^maVmV d {dH$gZerb Amnë`mH$So>hr H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$br Va J«mhH$
H$mQ>m Ogm pñWa ZgVmo VgoM gÜ`m Pmbobo
Amho. _wŠV AW©ì`dñWoZo gdm©§Mm A{^_mZ
Am{U hoHo$ImoanUm H$mTy>Z KoVbm Amho. ì`mnma
H$aÊ`mnmR>r_mJMm _w»` hoVy hm bm^ {_i{dUo
hm AgVmo. Ë`mgmR>r qH$_VrV \$aH$ Agbm
nm{hOo. Voìhm KQ>H$ gw~H$VoÀ`m {gÜXm§VmZygma
ì`mnmamg gwê$dmV hmoB©b d ñdñV
qH$_VrV/CËnmXZ IMm©V CËnmXrV hmoUmè`m
dñVy§Mr {Z`m©V d _hmJ dñVy§Mr Am`mV Ho$br
OmVo. na§Vy `mgmR>r XoemXoem§_Ü`o ghH$m`m©Mr
^mdZm AgUo JaOoMo Amho.
Am§VaamîQ´>r` Am{W©H$ ghH$m`m©Mm EH$ ^mJ
åhUyZ OmJ{VH$ ~±H$ Am§VaamîQ´>r` ZmUo{ZYr,
Am{e`m`r {dH$mg ~±H$ ñWmnZ Ho$ë`m Joë`m.
Ë`mM~amo~a ì`mnmar CXmarH$aUmgmR>r,
Am§VaamîQ´>r` ì`mnmamMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`mÀ`m
X¥îQ>rZo OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>Zm ì`mnmam-
g§~§YrMm gd©gmYmaU H$ama (J°Q>), g§`wŠV amîQ´>
g§KQ>ZoMo ì`mnma d {dH$mg n[afX (AZQ>m©Q>)
B. ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. g^modVmbMo OJ
Xbmb X
AmH¥$Vr : ì`mnmar nÜXV
gmdH$ma X
ghH$mar {dH«$s _hm_§S>i (A°J«oñH$mo) ü ghH$mar gmogm`Q>r ü
III
{dH«$s
ì`dñWm
CËnmXZ
II
CËnmXZmgmR>rÀ`m
dñVy
I
^m§S>db
ì`mnmar X CËnmXZmgmR>r dñVyÀ`m ghH$mar g§ñWm ü
- Owb¡ 2012
39

40
Am{U CËnmXH$ `m XmoKm§Mmhr \$m`Xm hmodyZ A§VJ©V ~mOmanoR>oV Vr dñVy {dH$VmV. Ë`m_wio {d{eîQ> àXoembm AZwgê$Z JaOm§Mr XIb
"_hmË_m Jm§YtZm' A{^àoV AgUmè`m ñd`§nyU© ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§nojm A_o[aH$Z eoVH$è`mbm KoVbr nm{hOo. Amnbr Am§VaamîQ´>r`
IoS>`mMr g§H$ënZm `oWo H$m`m©pÝdV hmody eHo$b H$mhr Z H$aVm VodT>m A{YH$ n¡gm {_iVmo. hm ~mOmamVrb nV Zo_H$s {H$Vr Amho? `mMm
d `m ì`mnmar nÜXVr_wio eoVr CËnmXZmMr A{YH$ {_iUmam n¡gm ^maVmVrb {dMma H$aVm Amnbo d¡km{ZH$, A{^`§Vo d
eoVH$è`m§Zm qH$_V {_iVo. bmoH$m§Zm eoVrjoÌmVrb GDP À`m VwbZoV 80% Amho V§Ìk `m§À`mH$So>M Cƒ j_Vm Agë`mMr
amoOJmamÀ`m Zì`m g§Yr CnbãY hmoVmV. Am{U g§nyU© XoemÀ`m GDP À`m VwbZoV 25% OmUrd hmoVo. Ë`m_wio ^{dî`mV `eñdr
J«m_rU ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§Mr IaoXr H$aÊ`mMr Amho. eoVr_mbmMr _yë`d¥ÜXr Ho$ë`m_wio hmoÊ`mgmR>r ~wpX²Y_Voƒ `m Am{U ~wpX²Y_mZ
j_Vm dmT>Vo. bmoH$m§Mo OrdZ_mZ C§MmdVo, eoVH$è`m§Mm \$m`Xm Va hmoVmoM {edm` _mUgmÀ`m AmYmao ZdrZ _m°So>b {dH${gV
nwZJ©w§VdUyH$ H$aÊ`m`mo½` n¡gm {e„ H$ amhVmo d ~oamoOJmar Xÿa hmodyZ XoemÀ`m g_¥ÜXrV _mobmMr H$amdo bmJob.
hm n¡gm eoVr_Ü`oM Jw§VdyZ J«m_rU ^mJmV ^a nS>Vo. _yë`d¥ÜXr H$er d {H$Vr nQ> Ho$br AmO H$_r XOm©Mo V§ÌkmZ AgUmao CËnmXZ
geŠV godm CÚmoJmMr ñWmnZm H$aUo eŠ` OmVo `mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm AgVm Vr _w»` eoVr H$aUmam Xoe Aer Amnbr à{V_m Amho. hr
hmoVo. eoVr d J«m_rU CÚmoJm§gmR>r dñVy{Zð> CËnmXZmÀ`m 12.5 nQ> BVH$s Ho$br OmVo. à{V_m ~XbUo Amdí`H$ Amho. e¡br, V§ÌkmZ
ì`dñWm, `§ÌUm C^r H$aVm `oVo Am{U Ë`mVyZM AWm©V Ë`m_Ü`o H$moUË`m V§ÌkmZmMm dmna d _m§S>Ur `m§À`mV AgUmao Zm{dÝ`nyU©
Xoem{^_mZ dmT>rbm bmJVmo. Ho$bm Amho `mbmhr _hËdmMo ñWmZ AgVo. CËnmXZo, godm `mM~amo~a J«mhH$m§Zm nm{hOo Vo
AmO OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmarH$aUmÀ`m ñnY}V Imbrb VŠVm H«$. 1 _Ü`o A_o[aH$Z dñVy XoUo, Ë`m§Zm Iyf R>odUo, AmH${f©V H$aUo d
ì`mnma d J«mhH$m§Mo {hV bjmV KoVm Amnë`m ^maVr` ~mOma^mdmÀ`m VwbZoV {H$Vr _hmJ Am§VaamîQ´>r` JwUdËVm amIUo `m§H$So> VmVS>rZo
eoVrMm Am{U Am¡Úmo{JH$ j_VoMm {dH$mg nyU© {dH$ë`m OmVmV `mMr H$ënZm `oVo. bj XoÊ`mMr JaO Amho. `m gdm©§Mm {dMma
H$m`©j_VoÀ`m {H$Ë`oH$ nQ>rZo H$_r Amho. gÜ`m gd©gmYmaUnUo ^maV d A_o[aHo$Vrb H$aVm OmJ{VH$sH$aUmbm BVH$m {damoY
d ^{dî`mÀ`m ñnY}À`m `wJm_Ü`o Zm{dÝ`mMm _yë`d¥ÜXrMm A§XmO KoVë`mg ^maVmg `m H$emgmR>r, Ë`mV H$m` dmB©Q> Amho? `mnydr©Mr
emoY KoÊ`mÀ`m àd¥ËVrbm MmbZm {_im`bm X¥îQ>rH$moZmVyZ Amnbo {dkmZ d V§ÌkmZ YmoaU Amnbr EHy$U n[apñWVr g_mYmZH$maH$
nm{hOo. `mMo CXmhaU Úmd`mMo Pmbo Va {dH${gV H$aÊ`mg Iyn dmd Amho. {dkmZ ZìhVr. H$Xm{MV ~mOmamMo AW©H$maU MwH$bo
A_o[aHo$Mo KoVm `oB©b. A_o[aHo$Mo eoVr CËnmXZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmMr VmH$X _mZdmÀ`m _ybämyV Agob. {Z`moOZmÀ`m _mJm©Zo a{e`m Ywirbm
ho ^maVmBVHo$ Amho. na§Vy à{H«$`m CµÚmoJ d BVa JaOm§À`m nyV©VogmR>r dmnaÊ`mbm AmnU àW_ {_imbm Vgo Amnbo hmody Z`o Ago dmQ>V Agob
_mJm©Zo Vo Amnë`m eoVr_mbmMr 450 hOma àmYmÝ` Úmd`mg hdo. `m_Ü`o AÝZ, Amamo½`, Va `oWyZ nwT>o ñdV:bm ~XbyZ `m OJmÀ`m
H$moQ>r ê$n`m§Mr _yë`d¥ÜXr H$ê$Z {Z`m©V Am{U nmUr, D$Om©, amoOJma, {Zdmam B. ~m~VrV ~mOmamV ZrQ> ì`mnma H$ê$`m. g_¥ÜXr EH$X_
VŠ Vm H«$. 1 : ^maV d A_o[aHo$Vrb gd©gmYmaU dñVy§Mo ~mOma^md
dñVy ^maV (à{V {H$bmo ^md) A_o[aH$m (à{V {H$bmo ^md)
Q>mo_°Q>mo 10 Vo 40 ê$n`o 290 ê$n`o
~Q>mQ>o 4 Vo 15 ê$n`o 39 ê$n`o
H$m§Xm 5 Vo 11 ê$n`o 73 ê$n`o
g\$aM§X 20 Vo 80 ê$n`o 240 ê$n`o
Ho$ir 10 ê$n`o 97 ê$n`o
XÿY 40 ê$n`o 120 ê$n`o
dZñnVr Vob 50 ê$n`o 161 ê$n`o
- Owb¡ 2012

`oUma Zmhr, Vr hiyhiy `oB©b. gÜ`m dmT>Umam CËnmXZdmT>rMm Kmof _hËdmMm nm{hOo. Joë`m 20 dfm©V MrZZo Am{W©H$ H«$m§Vr
OmJ{VH$sH$aUm_wio gdm©§Zm Amnë`m H$îQ>mZo Zmhr. Va Ë`mEodOr JwUdËVoda AmYmarV H$_r `eñdr H$ê$Z XmI{dbr. H$maU gd©M
Am{U JwUm§Zr da MT>Ê`mMr g§Yr {_iob, gmo`, IMm©_Ü`o KoVbr OmUmar eoVr CËnmXZo AmKmS>`m§da àJVr, ^a^amQ> Am{U Am{W©H$
g§nyU©Vm Am{U bmoH$emhrMo Zdo `wJ AdVaob _hËdmMr R>aUma AmhoV. VgoM OmJ{VH$ gw~ËVm ho nm`mämyV YmoaU d Ü`o` MrZZo
Ago H$m g_Oy Z`o? ZmhrVar AmVm Vwåhr Wmondy ì`mnma H$amam_wio ^maVmgma»`m {dH$gZerb R>a{dbo. AmO MrZÀ`m dñVy OmJ{VH$
åhUmb Var ho dmao Wmondbo Om`Mo Zmhr. XoemV ~oH$marMr g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoUma Amho ~mOmanoR> H$m~rO H$arV AmhoV. ho MrZÀ`m
21 ì`m eVH$mMm {dMma H$aVm eoVr Am{U `m~m~V Hw$UmMohr Xþ_V Zmhr. Ë`m_wio `eñdrVoMo J_H$ g_OyZ KodyZ ^maVmbmhr
ì`dgm`m_Ü`o Am_ybmJ« ~Xb hmoÊ`mMr BÀN>m Agmo dm Zgmo eoVrH$So> bj ÚmdoM `mM _mJm©Zo {ZpíMVnUo àJVr H$aVm `oB©b.
eŠ`Vm {XgVo. CËnmXZ dmT>rer g§~§{YV bmJUma Amho Am{U IoS>`mH$So> dimdoM WmoS>Š`mV H$moUË`mhr Xoembm àJVrnWmda
O¡dV§ÌkmZ, OZwH$ emñÌmVrb àJVr `m§da ^a bmJUma Amho. ZoÊ`mgmR>r nm`mämyV gw{dYm n[anyU© H$aUo
{Xbm Amho. AmVmn`©§V `m~m~VMo doY KoÊ`mMo Zdr Am{W©H$ ì`dñWm {Z_m©U hmoVmZm Amdí`H$ R>aVo. `m ~m~tH$So> àIaVoZo
à`ËZ AZoH$m§Zr Ho$bobo AmhoV na§Vy `m Ë`mM~amo~a g_mO Am{U g§ñH¥$VrXoIrb AmnUmg bj Úmdo bmJob. Voìhm Amnë`m
{dMmad§Vm§Zm AW©emñÌmVrb H$mhr à_o`m§Mr AQ>inUo ~XbVo. Zì`m ì`dñWoÀ`m JaOm XoemMm gd©g_mdoeH$ Am{U doJdmZ {dH$mg
ämyb nS>bobr Amho Ago _bm dmQ>Vo. eoVr doJi`m AgVmV. Ë`mV Zì`m hoVy§Mr, Zì`m H$ê$Z OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmamMo ZdrZ AmìhmZmg
CËnmXZdmT>rÀ`m ~m~VrV Am¡Úmo{JH$ OJmbm H$m¡eë`m§Mr, Zì`m gm_m{OH$ g§~§Ym§Mr EH$ àIaVoZo gm_moao OmVm `oB©b d AmJm_r ^maV
bmJy nS>Umam "BZH«$sqPJ [aQ>Z©g' hm {gÜXm§V ZdrZ OS>UKS>U hmoV AgVo. OwÝ`m g§aMZm EH$ OmJ{VH$ {dídmV ZdrZ Am{W©H$ _hmgËVm
bmJy nS>V Zmhr. `m ì`dgm`mMr "{S>{_{ZqeJ {Zê$n`moJr hmodyZ _moSy>Z nS>VmV Am{U OwZr åhUyZ CX`mg AgUmao amîQ´> Agob.
[aQ>Z©g' `m {gÜXm§VmnmgyZ AOyZ gwQ>H$m _yë`o ZîQ> hmoVmV. Ë`m_wio ~è`mMOUm§Zm `m
Pmbobr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio 21 ì`m eVH$m_Ü`o _moS>VmoS>r_Ü`o _wŠVrMr j_Vm {Xgbr Va Ë`mV WmoS>Š`mV OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmarH$aU ho 21
^maVr` eoVrV AW©emñÌmÀ`m X¥îQ>rH$moZmVyZ MyH$ H$m`? ^maVmbm ~mOmanoR>oÀ`m ì`m eVH$mVrb AgUmao AmìhmZ AmnU
hmoUmar CËnmXZdmT> _hËdmMr R>aUma Amho. g§dY©Zm~m~V MrZMm AmXe© S>moi`mnwT>o R>odbm H$mbnaËdo, n[apñWVrà_mUo, _mUgmZo,
- Owb¡ 2012
41

42
g_mOmZo, XoemZo ~XbVo ñdê$n pñdH$mabo Iwë`m dmVmdaUmV {_giyZ AmZ§XmMo d AmO J{V_mZ `wJmV àË`oH$ _mZdOmVrÀ`m
nm{hOo. Ë`m_wio àW_V: ZwH$gmZ Pmë`mgmaIo g_mYmZmMo YZr hmoÊ`mgmR>r AZ§V AmH$memV H$miOmbm Wa© H$aVmV. Vo åhUVmV,
dmQ>obhr na§Vy XrK©H$mimZ§Va Am{U A§{V_V: ~mJS>V amhVmV. _J AmO OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m
Ë`mMm ^anya \$m`Xm hmoVmo Ago {XgyZ Ambo Iwë`m YmoaUmV Jar~m§Zr Var nwÝhm Vw_Mo aoer_H$mR>r dmX{ddmX, Vohr
Amho. Ver _wŠV ì`mnmam_wio àJVrMr XmbZo g§aOm_emhrÀ`m ~§{XñV qnOè`m^modVr ldUr` Am{U
Iwbr hmoVmV. B{VhmgmMm AmT>mdm KoVbm {KaQ>`m H$m Kmbmì`mV? Oar Vmo qnOam _ZZr` AmhoV nU VyV© _mÂ`m gpÝ_Ìm§Zmo,
AgVm pñWVrdmXr _§S>ir Am{U gmoÝ`mMm Agbm qH$dm ga§Om_emhr_Ü`o aOm Úm _bm
pñWaàd¥ËVrMr _§S>ir àË`oH$ ~Xbmbm Ord AZoH$ gwIgmo`r {_iV Agë`m Var Hw$gw_mJ«O n{bH$S>M`m O§Jbm_Ü`o {h_bmQ>oV
VmoSy>Z {damoY H$arV AgVmZm {XgVmV. `m åhUVmV Ë`mà_mUo - Hw$S>Hw$S>Umè`m
gdm©§Mm {dMma H$aVm OmJ{VH$sH$aUmbm Ë`m ZmJS>`m nmoam§H$So> _bm Om`Mo Amho
gmoSy>Z Hw$Urhr ~mhoa am{hbo Va Ë`mMr nIm§_Ü`o ZgVmo dmam Ë`m§À`m A§JmV Omi noQ>{dÊ`mgmR>r
AdñWm hr nmÊ`m~mhoarb VS>\$S>Umè`m g¥îQ>r_Ü`o {\$aUmam --------------------------
_memgmaIr Pmë`m{edm` amhUma Zmhr. XodimV ZgVmo Xod M§ÐH$m§V ämynmb nmQ>rb, g§_ÌH$ àmÜ`mnH$,
OmJ{VH$ ZmJarH$aUmV (Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oV) {díd ì`mnyZ CaUmam AW©emñÌ {d^mJ, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamîQ´>
Jar~m§Zm Ý`m` {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm A{YH$ _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Aä`mgH|$Ð (7208A) Ûmam
Amho. CXm. EImÚmZo O~aXñVrZo EImXm njr ^maVmV J[a~r hQ>{dÊ`mgmR>r Am_Mr _§S>ir nX²_ämyfU dg§VamdXmXm nmQ>rb _hm{dÚmb`,
qnOè`mV ~§X Ho$bm Am{U Ë`mbm Oa n§MVmam§{H$V hm°Q>ob_Ü`o H$arV Agbobr H$dR>o _hm§H$mi, {O. gm§Jbr 416 405.
qnOè`mVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mMr g§Yr àmá Pmbr Va dmX{ddmX, go{_Zmg©, H$m`©emim `m§Mo gÜ`m _mo. 9404287395/ 7875701289
Vmo njr Hw$R>bmhr {dMma Z H$aVm ~mhoa nS>Vmo d nod \w$Q>bo Amho. `mg§~§Yr Hw$gw_mJ«O `m§Mo eãX
- Owb¡ 2012
chandrakant.patil08@rediffmail.com

Oo ~Xbm`Mo Amho Vo _moOm !
{_{Zf C_amUr
gH$mir _m°{ZªJdm°H$ dê$Z naV `oV Am{U `mbm H$moUrhr gh_V hmoB©b H$s ho AgoM nm{bHo$Mr JmS>r `oD$Z Vmo KoD$Z OmB©b Am{U
AgVmZm ZJanm{bHo$À`m g\$mB© H$m_Jmam§Mm AgVo. AmnUhr Odinmg J¥hrV Yabo Amho gwnadm`Oa dOZ H$ê$Z àË`oH$mÀ`m MmQ>©da
KmoiH$m Jßnm _maV C^m Agbobm {Xgbm. H$s ho AgoM AgVo Am{U AgoM Mmbm`Mo. {bhrb. àË`oH$mZo _{hÝ`m^amV {H$Vr H$m_
EHy$U 8-10 OU (nwéf d {ó`m {_iyZ) Ago H$m ? hm àý XoIrb nS>Uo ~§X Pmbo Amho. Ho$bo Vo ghO _moOVm `oB©b. d Ë`mV gwYmaUm
Amnmnbo PmSy> hmVmV qH$dm H$mIoV Yê$Z IaoVa amoOÀ`m H$m_mMr _moOXmX OoWo hmoV Zmhr H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Q>mJ}Q> XoIrb XoVm `oB©b. AWm©V
Amam_mV Jßnm _maV hmoVo. AmgnmgMm n[aga VoWo AgoM H$m_ Mmbm`Mo. _r Ooìhm `m_Ü`o Ago H$aÊ`mMr àm_m{UH$ BÀN>m hdr
VgmM AñdÀN> hmoVm. añË`mda, añË`mÀ`m doJdoJù`m H$maImÝ`mV Q´>oqZJ Úm`bm OmVmo Am{U Zm|Xrhr àm_m{UH$ Agm`bm hì`mV.
H$So>bm, XþH$mZm§À`m XmamV, H$mJXm§Mo ~moio, Voìhm {VWë`m àË`oH$mÀ`m H$m_mMr amoOMr IaoM H$m` J§_V `oB©b Vo nhm,Jmd ñdÀN> hmoB©b
H$Mam ^aboë`m ßbmpñQ>H$ {neì`m,gmao VgoM _moOXmX H$er H$am`Mr `mMo Control Am{U àË`oH$mbmM `mMm A{^_mZ XoIrb
hmoVo. ho H$m_Jma _mÌ Xþgè`mÀ`m Jmdmbm Charts,Check List V`ma H$am`bm {eH$dVmo. dmQ>ob. JmdmVrb {d{dY g§ñWm, ZmJ[aH$
Amë`mgmaIo C^o hmoVo. Odinmg AYm© Vmg da {Xboë`m CXmhaUmV g\$mB© H$m_Jma Ë`m§À`m gmaoM `mbm hmV^ma bmdVrb.
C^m amhÿZ _r dmQ> nmhV hmoVmo, AmÎmm H$m_mbm amoOJmam{df`r ,h¸$m{df`r OodT>o OmJê$H$
gwédmV H$aVrb, _J H$aVrb. nU Amü`m©Mr AgVrb VodT>oM Vo Zo_yZ {Xboë`m H$m_m{df`r Ho$di ñdÀN>VoMoM Zìho Va H$moUVohr H$m_
Jmoï> åhUOo WmoS>çmM doimZo gmaoOU AgVrb, Va _mPo Jmd ñdÀN>,{ZQ>ZoQ>Ho$ _moOm`bm gwédmV Ho$br Va Ë`mV gwYmaUm
Amnmnë`m _mJm©Zo {ZKyZ Jobo. H$Mam VgmM ìhm`bm Am{U R>odm`bm {H$Vrgm doi bmJob? H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo. Measure what you want
hmoVm. Odinmg 2-3 Vmgm§Zr _r Ë`mM IaoVa Ë`m§À`m H$m_mMr _moOXmX H$aUo Iyn gmono to improve Ago åhQ>boM Amho. H$m_mMr
añË`mZo Am°{\$gbm {ZKbmo Voìhmhr H$Mam Amho. àË`oH$mbm {d^mJ dmQy>Z {Xbobo _moOXmX hmoVmZm EH$ MyH$ hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
VgmM hmoVm. AgVmV. àË`oH$mbm _m{Hª$J Ho$bobo nmoVo {Xbo d AgVo, Vr åhUOo AmnU H$m` hdo Vo
_mÂ`m _Vo {h amoOMrM n[apñWVr AgVo Jmoim Ho$bobm H$Mam Ë`m§Zr Ë`mV ^ê$Z R>odbm. _moOÊ`mnojm H$m` MwH$bo Vo _moOÊ`mH$So> AmoT>m
- Owb¡ 2012
43

44
`mgmR>r Imbrbà_mUo gd©gmYmaU format dmnê$ eH$Vm.
CÚmoJmMo Zmd {XZm§H$
{d^mJmMo Zmd à_wImMo Zmd
H$m` _moOXmX Ho$bo Vo n[a_mU OmZodmar \o$~«wdmar _mM©
1 EHy$U Jmoim Ho$bobm H$Mam {H$bmo C{Ôï> à_mU 250 250 250
2 {H$bmo àË`j à_mU 200 240 260
àË`oH$mÀ`m H$m_mMo EH$ MoH${bñQ> Imbrbà_mUo ~Z{dVm `oB©b .
CÚmoJmMo Zmd
{d^mJmMo Zmd {d^mJ à_wI
_{hZm gmÜ`
amoOMo H$m_ dma§dm[aVm gmo_ _§Ji ~wY
1 {d^mJ 10 _Yrb H$Mam PmS>Uo. amoO/AmR>{Xdgm/Xa_hm
2 H$Mam nmoË`mV ^ê$Z R>odUo.
3 AmnU Jmoim Ho$boë`m H$Mè`mMo dOZ Zm|X H$aUo.
o
AgVmo. `mgmR>r (PPI) Positive (Analysis) H$aVm `oB©b. Data not AgVo. `m bj R>odÊ`mV ghOVm Agmdr,
Performance Indication System dmnaVm analyzed is waste.
`mo½` eãXmVM g_O Úmdr. KPI (Key
`oVo. `m_Ü`o àË`oH$ H$m_mÀ`m {d^mJmH$Sy>Z - àË`oH$ doiÀ`m _moOXmXrMo AmH$So> Performance Indicators) CËnmXZ à{H«$`oMo
Amnë`mbm H$m` hdo Vo R>a{dUo Amdí`H$ gmè`m§Mo, gmè`m§Zm H$iVrb Ago, _moO_mn H$aVmV Va, PPI `mo½` arVrZo _m§S>bo
AgVo. R>a{dboë`m {Xder EImÚm \$bH$mda AgVm, H$_©Mmè`m§À`mV hmoUmam gH$mamË_H$
àX{e©V H$am CXm. Xa AmR>dS>çmÀ`m ~Xb _moOVmÎm. nJmadmT>, à_moeZ `mdoir
H $ m U Ë ` m h r { d ^ m J m M m EIÚm dmar AWdm Xa _{hÝ`mÀ`m EIÚm
' P P I ' `m§Mm Cn`moJ àJVr nÌH$mgmaIm hmoVmo. Am{U
_m§S>Ê`mH$[aVm Imbrb H$m`©nÕVr dmnamdr. VmaIobm.
ñdV…Mo narjU ñdV…M H$ê$ eH$Vmo Am{U
- àË`oH$mÀ`m H$m_mMr Standard doimodoir gwYmaUm§gmR>r àd¥Îm hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
MoH${bñQ> Am{U Control Charts - H$m` hdo VoM _moOm åhUOo ~Zdm.
Yield _moOm PPI CËH¥$ï> n[aUm_ VoìhmM XmIdVo ,
ho Vw_À`m _XVrZo Ë`mMo Ë`mbmM ~Zdy
Rejection ZH$mo. CXm.10% MwH$bo Ooìhm Agob,
åhUÊ`mEdOr 90 % ~amo~a Amho Ago ÚmV.
- àm_m{UH$ BÀN>m - O~m~XmarZo d AmZ§XmZo
_moOm. - _moOXmXrMo AmH$So> g_mYmZH$maH$ H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr
- Ë`m {d^mJmÀ`m H$m_m§Mr d ZgVrb Va Xmofmamon H$ê$ ZH$m. Ë`mÀ`mer - àm_m{UH$ Zm|Xr
O~m~Xmè`m§Mr `mXr H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr gwYmaUm H$aÊ`m{df`r MMm© H$am. - H$m_mV Am{U Zm|Xr_Ü`o gmVË`
JwUdÎmm _moOÊ`mMo n[a_mU R>adm. CXm. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`mbm _XV H$am, àoaUm X`m. - {dûcofU_Ü`o gmVË` Am{U nmaXe©H$Vm
darb CXmhaUmV àË`oH$ H$m_JmamZo ~jrg n¡emÀ`mM§ ñdénmV hdo Ago Zmhr, - gm§{KH$ àd¥Îmr - H$moUmÀ`mVar nwT>o
{H$Vr {H$bmo H$Mam Jmoim Ho$bo Vo _moOVm Vo emã~mgH$s qH$dm darð>mg_moa H$m¡VwH$ OmÊ`mnojm gdmªZr nwT>o OmÊ`mMr.
`oB©b.
`m ñdê$nmVhr Agy eH$Vo.
- {d^mJmVrb gd©M H$m_m§Mr _moOXmX H$am - ~{jgm§Mm AmZ§X gd© Q>r_bm gmOam H$ê$ ----------------------------åhUOo
{d^mJà_wImnmgyZ AHw$eb X`mV.
{_{Zf C_amUr
H$m_Jmamn`ªV gmaoM H$moUmbmhr dJiy
Imbrb àH$maMo PPI Chart ZH$m. Am{U
Checklist - VoM _moOm Á`mMo Vwåhmbm {dûcofU amoOÀ`m amoO ^aë`m OmVmV Am{U
Ë`m `mo½` AgVmV `mda bj AgUo JaOoMo
Lean Black Belt
Soiutions Kaizen Management
Systems
(Cell.9822390363)
minishumranigmail.com
- Owb¡ 2012
VmarI VmarI VmarI

2025 gmbmVbo B§Q>aZoQ>
S>m°. XrnH$ {eH$manya
`{º$H$ g§JUH$ d nrgr _mhrV Amho - _J Vr ì`º$s AmYw{ZH$ {Z`{_VnUo g{\ª$J H$aV ZmhrV.
g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m H«$m§VrZ§Va KamoKar (n{hë`m) OJmVbr Agmo, ^maVmgma»`m
_mVrÀ`m MwbtMr OmJm AmVm {dH$gZerb Xoem§À`m (Xþgè`m) OJmVbr øm n[apñWVr_wio `oË`m H$mhr dfmªV
g§JUH$mZo KoVbr Amho . B§Q>aZoQ> hr M¡ZrMr ~m~ Agmo H$s AY©{dH${gV qH$dm A{dH${gV B§Q>aZoQ>À`m hmoUmè`m g§^mì` {dH$mg d
ZgyZ EH$ AË`mdí`H$ KQ>H$ ~ZV Mmbbr {Vgè`m OJmVbr. B§Q>aZoQ> E°Šgog hr gw{dYm {dñVmamMo WoQ> {MÌ C^o H$aUo Oam AdKS>
Amho. Zm°d} gma»`m {dH${gV XoemV B§Q>aZoQ> hm {_iUo AmOKS>rbm gJirH$So> ghOeŠ` Amho. OmJ{VH$ bmoH$g§»`on¡H$s {H$VtZm H$Yr,
_mZdr h¸$ åhUyZ JUbm Amho. hoM bmoU Zgbo Var {VMm àgma doJmZo hmoVmo Amho ho H$gm, H$moUmH$Sy>Z, {H$Vr qH$_Vrbm VgoM
2025 Z§Va ^maVmVhr `oB©b. OÝ_mbm Z¸$sM. _mÌ AmOhr øm OJmVrb ^anya {H$VnV ghOnUo d WoQ> E°Šgog {_iob ho
Amboë`m àË`oH$ ì`º$sbm AÞ, dó {Zdmam åhUOo Vã~b 300 H$moQ>r bmoH$m§Zr àË`j gm§JUohr H$R>rU Amho. Zd{Z{_©VrÀ`m
~amo~aM drO d B§Q>aZoQ> XoUo ho gaH$mada Am°ZbmBZ g{\ª$J (B§Q>aZoQ>Mr M¸$a åhUOoM gO©Zerb à{H«$`o_Ü`o Am{U ì`mdgm{`H$,
~§YZH$maH$ Agob. B§Q>aZoQ> ho hdo gmaIo B§Q>aZoQ>darb {d{dY gmBQ²g CKSy>Z nmhUo, gm_m{OH$ VgoM _mZdr _yë`m§À`m {Z{_©Vr_Ü`o
Agob. åhUOo MH$Q>\y$ d eº$sembr! dmMUo, VoWrb _m{hVrMm dmna H$aUo B.) B§Q>aZoQ>Mm gh^mJ {H$Vr à_mUmV amhrb ho
Ho$boboM Zmhr. AJXr {Z`{_VnUo B§Q>aZoQ>Mm gÜ`m Var WmoSo> A{Z{üV Amho. CÚmoOH$,
~hþVoH$ gdmªZmM B§Q>aZoQ> hm eãX Z¸$sM dmna H$aUmè`m§n¡H$sXoIrb 20 Q>¸o$ dmnaH$V}, {Z`moOH$ BË`mXt_m\©$V øm _wÔ`m§da
- Owb¡ 2012
45

46
KoVbo OmUmao {ZU©` d R>adbr OmUmar YmoaUo EH$_V hmoUo AeŠ`M Agë`mZo gZ 2025
øm§daM nwT>rb 15 dfmªVbr B§Q>aZoQ>Mr CËH«$m§Vr n`ªV gÜ`m ê$T> Agbobr {Z`§ÌUnÕVrM
Adb§~yZ amhrb. A§_bmV amhrb Ago {XgVo.
øm~m~V H$mhr A§XmO dV©dÊ`mAmYr 5 AmO àm¡T> d`mV g§JUH$ AWdm B§Q>aZoQ>er
_w»` {dMmaàdmhm§Mm Aä`mg H$amdm bmJob ho g§~§Y Ambobr {nT>r Am{U OÝ_mnmgyZ
5 {dMmaàdmh Ago - g§JUH$s` `wJmVM dmdaUmar åhUOo gmYmaU
1995 Z§Va OÝ_bobr _wbo_wbr øm§À`m
2025 gmbmÀ`m Amgnmg hmoUmar B§Q>aZoQ>H$So> nmhÊ`mÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmV _yb^yV
B§Q>aZoQ>Mr dmT> AmOÀ`m {dH${gV d lr_§V \$aH$ AgUma AmhoM. AmOÀ`m _wbm§Zm
Xoem§_Yrb ZmJ[aH$m§H$Sy>Z Zmhr Va {S>{OQ>b ZmJ[aH$ åhUVmV. Ë`m§À`m
{dH$gZerb XoemVrb a{hdmem§Ûmao hmoB©b. g§^mfUmÀ`m, Jßnm _mam`À`m,g§dmXmÀ`m
Ë`mdoiÀ`m B§Q>aZoQ>À`m {dH$mgmV Am{U dmT>rV H$ënZm nyU©nUo doJù`m AmhoV. Aem ì`º$s
AÜ`m©nojm OmñV dmQ>m {dH$gZerb B§Q>aZoQ>bm Amnë`m _mZ{gH$ d ~m¡{ÕH$
bmoH$g§»`oMm Agob Am{U B§Q>aZoQ>Mm j_Vm§Mo EH$ EH$mpË_H$, {dñVm[aV A§JM
OmñVrVOmñV dmna H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m _mZVmV. Am^mgr (ìhMw©Ab) AZw^dm§À`m
Am§V[aH$ BÀN>oMo à{Vq~~ øm dmT>rÀ`m {d{dY {dœ mMo Va B§Q>aZoQ> ho àdoeÛmaM Amho. Am^mgr
n¡by§_Ü`o ñnï>nUo {XgyZ `oB©b. AZw^d KoÊ`mÀ`m eŠ`Vo_wio, H$mhr H$mimZo
_mZdr _|XÿÀ`m H$m_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr_Ü`oM
B§Q>aZoQ>Mo {Z`§ÌU Am{U {Z`_Z H$go d {dbjU \$aH$ nSy> eHo$b. B§Q>aZoQ> Cemer
{H$VnV H$amdo ømda _V{^ÞVm Agy eH$Vo. KoD$ZM hr Zdr {nT>r B§Q>aZoQ>bm AmgnmgÀ`m
nÕV H$moUVrhr Agmo, B§Q>aZoQ>Mr EH§$Xa aMZm dmVmdaUmVyZ doJio H$mTy>M eH$Uma Zmhr
gd©gmYmaUnUo H$m`_ R>odbr OmB©b. Am{U {dMma H$aÊ`mBVŠ `m qH$dm
H$moUË`mhr H$maUmZo {deofV… g_mOÛoîQ>çm ~mobÊ`mBVŠ `mM ghOnUo Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z
eº$sÛmao - øm godoV I§S> nSy> Z`o AWdm B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmna Ho$bm OmB©b. B§Q>aZoQ> ho Ë`m§À`m
AS>Wio `oD$ Z`oV ømgmR>r A{YH$m{YH$ ^md {dœ mMoM EH$ A§J Amho. A{VaoH$m_wio
{Z`§ÌU R>odÊ`mMrhr _mJUr H$Xm{MV Ho$br
OmB©b na§Vw øm~m~V OmJ{VH$ nmVirda ñnï>
H$mhr B§Q>aZoQ> ì`gZr hr ~ZVmV.
- Owb¡ 2012
B§Q>aZoQ>da Ogo JwÝhoJma dmdaV AgVmV Vgo
A{VaoH$s _Zmoàd¥ÎmrMo bmoH$hr dmdaV AgVmV.
_mÌ ho bmoH$ Vwåhmbm \$gdm`Mm à`ËZ Z H$aVm
Amnbogo H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV Agë`mZo `m
àH$maÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr Mmbdboë`m g§Ho$V
ñWim§Mr g\$a H$aVmZm gmdYnUm A§Jr
~miJUo Oê$arMo AgVo.
H$i\$bH$ (keyboard)
AmO ¹$Q>u (QWERTY) hm B§J«Or
H$i\$bH$ (keyboard) gJirH$So> dmnabm
OmVmo. na§Vw H$mbm§VamZo B§Q>aZoQ>da
{b{hÊ`mgmR>r VodT>m EH$M _mJ© amhUma Zmhr
Va dmnaH$Ë`m©Mm AmdmO (ìhm°Bg aoH${¾eZ),
hmbMmbr d hmd^md (Ooüab B§Q>a\o$g) qH$dm
BVa emar[aH$ d¡{eîQ>ço (~m`mo-gopÝg§J) VgoM
ñne©nÕVr (Q>M-ñH«$sZ) Aem§gma»`m Am{U
BVahr ZdZdrZ Vèhm§Zr H$i\$bH$ Z dmnaVm
_m{hVr d Amkm g§JUH$ AWdm B§Q>aZoQ>n`ªV
nmohmoMdVm `oVrb Am{U øm_wio B§Q>aZoQ>
dmnaUmè`m§À`m g§»`oV {dbjU doJmZo dmT>
hmoB©b.
B§Q>aZoQ>Mr gw{dYm dmnaÊ`mgmR>r J«mhH$mg
n¡go Úmdo bmJVrb qH$dm H$Xm{MV bmJUmahr
ZmhrV! OmñV ~±S>{dS²Wda MmbUmar
E°pßbHo$eÝg A{Ve` _moR>çm à_mUmV {_iy
bmJë`mZo _wimV CnbãY Agbobr ZoQ>dH©$Mr
H$m`©j_Vm Zo_Š `m doioV OmñV
dmnaH$Ë`mªn`ªV nmohmoMdUo hoM Iao AmìhmZ
AgUma Amho. ZoQ>dH©$Mm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r
J«mhH$mbm Úmdr bmJUmar qH$_V _w»`V…
dm`abog H$ZopŠ Q>pìhQ>r C\©$ {~ZVmar
OmoS>Urj_Voda Adb§~yZ amhrb. AZoH$
àH$maMr H$m_o H$aUmar EH$M gd©g_mdoeH$
~±S>{dS²W AgUo AmO \$mago ghOeŠ` dmQ>V
Zgbo Var ^mdr H$mimV hmM _mJ© gam©g
dmnabm OmB©b.
V§ÌkmZmMm ñdrH$ma
ZdZdrZ V§ÌkmZ ñdrH$maÊ`m_Ybm _moR>m
AS>Wim åhUOo Xoer CÚmoOH$ qH$dm godm-

nwadR>mXmam§Zm g§ajU XoÊ`mMo amï´>r` YmoaU
qH$dm BÝ\$_}eZ E°±S> H$å`w{ZHo$eZ Q>oŠZm°bm°Or
(Am`grQ>r) Š bñQ>g© C\©$ _m{hVr d
XiUdiU V§ÌkmZ g§Hw$bm§Mr {Z{_©Vr. ZdrZ
V§ÌkmZ ñdrH$maÊ`mÀ`m doJmda ømMm {dn[aV
n[aUm_ H$mhr H$mimnwaVm H$m hmoB©Zm hmoUmaM.
2025 gmbmVrb ^mdr B§Q>aZoQ> dmnaH$Ë`mªMr
EH§$Xa g§»`m nmhVm qH$_V H$_r H$aUmè`m
V§ÌkmZmMo OmoaXma ñdmJV Am{U ñdrH$ma hmoB©b
Am{U Ë`mZwgma B§Q>aZoQ>Mr EH§$Xa aMZm R>adbr
OmB©b ømV e§H$mM Zmhr. ZoQ>dŠg©Mr Am{U
dm`abogMr j_Vm, gwa{jVVm Aem H$mhr
joÌm§_Ü`o V§ÌkmZmVbr àJVr (Am{U H$mhr
AS>MUrgwÕm) ñnï> {XgyZ `oVrb.
Hw$R>brhr ñnYm© hr Mm§JbrM AgVo d
A§{V_V… J«mhH$ Ë`m_wio bm^ {_idVmo ho
{ÌH$mbm ~mYrV gË` B§Q>aZoQ> À`m ~m~VrV bmJy
nS>Uma Amho. Ë`m_wio Xoem§VJ©V ñnYoMo YmoaU
gaH$maZo AmIUo AË`mdí`H$ Amho.
øm n[adV©Zm§Mm n[aUm_ 2025 amhVrb Am{U Ë`m_wio B§Q>aZoQ>da g§nyU©, ~hþ^m{fH$ ~Zob. ñWm{ZH$ {dMma Am{U
gmbmVë`m B§Q>aZoQ>À`m ñdê$nm§da hmoB©b, Vmo Am§YionUmZo Adb§~yZ amhUo H$moUmbmM JaOm§Zm àmYmÝ` {_iob. nma§nm[aH$ _mJ© gmoSy>Z
Aem àH$mao - nadS>Uma Zmhr ì`º$s¨Zm qH$dm CÚmoJm§Zmhr. doJim {dMma _m§S>Umè`m Am^mgr JQ>m§Zm øm
AWm©V ZoQ>dH©$ gwa{jV R>odÊ`mgmR>r eŠ` Vo gd© Jmoï>rMo AmH$f©U dmQ>ob Am{U Vo dmT>ob.
bd{MH$ gr_maofm à`ËZ Ho$bo OmVrbM nU øm_wio IM©
B§Q>aZoQ>Mo ñdê$n ~§Y_wº$ Am{U {dœ ì`mnr dmT>Vrb. gm`~a gwajoda EHy$U B§Q>aZoQ> nwT>rb 15 dfmª_Ü`o B§Q>aZoQ> gd©Xÿa ngaob
hmoB©b H$moR>ohr Om, {VWo øm Zm Ë`m àH$mao Jw§VdUwH$sÀ`m gw_mao 3 % a¸$_ IM© H$am`bm H$maU Ë`mMo bm^mWu gd©Ì AgVrb. øm
B§Q>aZoQ> AmT>iUmaM. àJV V§ÌkmZm_wio bmJob. àgmamVrb AmìhmZo \$ma _moR>r Agbr Var
H$ZopŠQ>pìhQ>r Am{U gmYZgm_wJ«rÀ`m qH$_Vr Ë`m_Ü`o XS>boë`m g§YrXoIrb {VVŠ`mM
nadS>Ê`mOmo½`m nmVirda amhVrb. OmJ{VH$ gZ 2025 _Ybo B§Q>aZoQ> _moR>çm AgVrb. hr AmìhmZo nobÊ`mMo Am{U
nmVirdaMo ì`mnma-ì`dhma Am{U ^{dî`m_Ü`o B§Q>aZoQ>Mo Omio OJ^a g§YtMm \$m`Xm KoÊ`mMohr H$m_ Am¡Úmo{JH$
nwadR>mXmam§Vbr O~aXñV ñnYm© øm§_wio ngabobo AmT>iob Am{U g_mOmda Ë`mMm joÌmVrb YwarUm§Zm Am{U YmoaUo AmIUmè`m§Zm
J«mhH$m§À`m _mJÊ`m Am{U JaOm, {d{dY n[aUm_ Pmbobm ñnï> OmUdob. _moR>çm H$amdo bmJob. B§Q>aZoQ> VgoM ~«m°S>~±S>Mm
òmoVm§À`m dmnamZo VgoM {d{dY {R>H$mUm§hÿZ, eham§à_mUoM {dH$gZerb Xoem§Vë`m `mo½`arVrZo dmna H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Am{W©H$ Am{U
VmVS>rZo nwadë`m OmVrb. IoS>çm§n`ªV B§Q>aZoQ> nmohmoMob. B§Q>aZoQ>À`m gm_m{OH$ C{Ôï>o n[aUm_H$maH$arË`m gmÜ`
àgmamMo àË`j, gm_m{OH$, ì`mnmar VgoM H$aVm `oVrb.
dmT>rVrb YmoHo$ Am{U Agwa{jVVm _mZ{gH$ nmVirdarb WoQ> VgoM Nw>no n[aUm_
gaH$maZo Am{U {d{dY g§KQ>Zm§Zr AJXr hmoVrb Am{U Ë`m§Mo à_mUhr dmT>Vo amhrb.
Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirda {H$Vrhr ~§YZo Am{U B§Q>aZoQ>darb g§dmX_mÜ`_o (B§Q>a\o$g) AË`§V -----------------------------
{Z`_Zo AmUbr Var gm`~a-JwÝhoJmam§H$Sy>Z bd{MH$ amhÿZ ^mfogma»`m AS>Wù`m§À`m XrnH$ {eH$manya, AÜ`j - _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ
B§Q>aZoQ>da -{d{dY hoVy§Zr gVV h„ o hmoVM n{bH$So> Joë`mZo B§Q>aZoQ> \$ma ghOVoZo g{_Vr, _amR>m M|~a
- Owb¡ 2012
47

48
A_o[aHo$Vrb d¥ÕËd
S>m°. gwYra amqeJH$a
në`mn¡H$s AZoH$OU d`mÀ`m Am_Xma-ImgXma d AÝ` amOH$maUr `m§Zm à_mU Z dmT>Vm CbQ> H$_r Pmbo Amho d 75
55 ì`m dfuM ""AmnU AmVm§ _mÌ {Zd¥ÎmrMo d` ZgVo. 75 Mo nwT>ohr Z§Va H$m_ H$aUmè`m H$_©Mmè`m§Mr g§»`m
d¥ÕËdmH$S>o PwHy$ bmJbmo amOH$maUmV g{H«$` AgUmao AZoH$ AgVmV d 7.5% Q>ŠŠ`mZo dmT>br Amho. 78 dfm©À`m
AmhmoV'' Ago g_OyZ {Zd¥ÎmrMo doY bmdyZ Ë`m§n¡H$s H$m§hrZm _VXmaM eodQ>r {Zd¥Îm EH$m d¥ÕoMo CXmhaU nhm. Vr EH$m
KoVmV. Ë`mnyduM Mm{ierV ""ìhrAmaEg'' ìhm`bm bmdVmV. n`©Q>Z{df`H$ H§$nZrV JmB©S> åhUyZ H$m_ H$aV
(ìhm°b|Q>ar [aQ>m`a_|Q> ñH$s_) KoD$Z Amam_ hmoVr. {Zd¥Îm hmoVmZm {VÀ`m {Zd¥{Îmg§M`mÀ`m
ng§V H$aUmao AZoH$ AgVmV. Va {Zd¥ÎmrMo d` d¥ÕËdmVrb ~oH$mar dmT>br 3 bmI S>m°bg© d Zdè`mÀ`m 1300 S>m°bg©
58 Agmdo H$m§ 60 `m§da emgZmV Kmoi (Ib) A{bH$S>oM _mÂ`m dmMZmV OJmVrb g§nÞ noÝeZ_Ü`o Z ^mJV Agë`mZo {VZo nwZ… {Zåå`m
MmbVmo, g§n hmoVmV. Amnë`m 4 Aml_m§n¡H$s Xoe A_o[aH$m ( `yEgE ) `mMr ~mV_r Ambr d nJmamV VoM H$m_ H$am`Mr V`mar XmIdbr.
J¥hñWml_ hm 50 erbm g_má hmoVmo d Z§Va Vr{h _r A_o[aHo$V AgVmZm. {VWo AmVm§ {VWo 75 Z§VaÀ`m ZmJ[aH$m§À`m ~oH$marMr
dmZàñWml_mbm Om d nwT>o g§Ý`mg ¿`m Ago XrK©H$mi {Zd¥Îmr Z ñdrH$maVm H$m_ H$aUmao d Q>¸o$dmar KgaV Mmbbr Amho. CXm. 2001
gm§{JVbo OmVo. AWm©V² {Zd¥ÎmrZ§Va H$m` gÜ`mÀ`m ZmoH$arV Ver eŠ`Vm Zgë`mg AÝ` gmbr Vmo 5.6 % hmoVm Va 2006 gmbr
H$am`Mo hohr {H$Ë`oH$m§Zm _m{hV ZgVo d doi ZmoH$ar dm H$m_ nËH$aUmao `m§Mr g§»`m dmT>V 2.5%. `mCbQ> VéUm§Mr hrM Q>¸o$dmar `m
H$gmhr Kmbdbm OmVmo. Á`m§Mo ñdV§Ì ì`dgm` Mmbbr Amho Ago Ambo d Amü`© dmQ>bo. H$mimV 8.5% Vo 4.4% hmoVr.
AmhoV Vo _mÌ XrK©H$mi H$m_ H$aV amhVmV d `m_mJMo H$maU dmT>Vm IM© noÝeZrV Z ^mJV
75-80 Z§Vahr ì`mdgm{`H$ dm gm_m{OH$ Agë`mZo hmoUmar AmoT>mVmU, dmT>Vr _hmJmB© d `mdfu 75 Z§VaMo gw_mao 13 bmI
OrdZmV AmKmS>rda Agboë`m§Mr _m{hVr, {d{eð> amhUr_mZ AgÊ`mMr g§d` gmoS>dVm A_o[aH$Ýg H$mhrZmH$mhr H$m_ H$aV AmhoV.
~mV_r dm \$moQ>mo d¥ÎmnÌm§V PiH$VmV. `oV ZgUo hr AgmdrV Ago H$ibo. 1970 Vo hmM AmH$S>m§ 2005 gmbr 10 bmI hmoVm.
H$_©Mmè`m§Mo {Zd¥ÎmrMo d` H$m` Agmdo `m§da 90 n`ªV H$m_JmadJmªn¡H$s ~hþVoH$ OU 75 À`m emgH$s` A§XmOmà_mUo 2016 n`ªV `m
Ib H$aUmao d {ZU©` KoUmao bmoH$à{V{ZYr- AmV {Zd¥Îm ìhm`Mo. nU Joë`m 20 dfm©V ho d`moJQ>mVrb 10 % ZmJ[aH$ XrK©H$mi H$m_
- Owb¡ 2012

H$aV amhVrb Ago {XgVo. {deof åhUOo ~è`mM OUm§Mm nJma Vmer 10 S>m°ba ( gw_mao H$aUmè`m§Mo à_mU dmT>bo. _mÌ {VH$S>o {Zd¥{ÎmMo
`m§n¡H$s ~hþVoH$ 1946 Vo 1964 Xaå`mZÀ`m 500 én`o ) AgVmo d Vo AmR>dS>çmV {H$_mZ d` 67 df} Amho hohr Ü`mZmV R>odbo nm{hOo.
bmoH$g§»`mdmT>rÀ`m (ZdrZ _wbm§À`m 25 Vmg H$m_ H$aVmV. _mÌ Aem d¥Õ amï´>r` A§XmOnÌH$mV 2010 gmbr gw_mao 20
OÝ_m_wio ) H$mimVbo OÝ_bobo AgVrb. A{YH$mè`m§_wio Ë`m§À`m hmVmImbÀ`m VéU % a¸$_ hr Aem gmoeb {gŠ`w[aQ>rda IM©
H$_©Mmè`m§Mo ~T>VrMo _mJ© Iw§Q>VmV, Pmbr. 1962 gmbr hoM à_mU 13 % hmoVo.
`m d`moJQ>mn¡H$s 4 n¡H$s EH$mMo dm{f©H$ Ë`m§À`mVrb ZmamOr dmT>Vo Aer{h CXmhaUo gmoeb {gŠ`w[aQ>r d Am¡fYmonMma `mdarb
CËnÞ 1 bmI S>m°bg©nojmhr A{YH$ Amho. KS>VmV. {H$Ë`oH$doim nVrnËZr XmoKohr H$m_ g§`wº$ IM© hm XoemÀ`m EHy$U CËnÞmÀ`m (
àË`oH$OUM H$mhr Ho$di {Zdm©hmMm IM© H$aVmV d _J Aem nJmamVyZ Ë`m§Mm KaIM© Va OrS>rnr ) 9 % Amho d Vmo 2035 n`ªV 12 %
^mJdÊ`mgmR>r H$m_ H$aVmo Ago Zmhr. ^mJVmoM nU dfm©VyZ Vo EImXr ghb H$ê$Z da OmB©b Agm A§XmO Amho. AWm©V `mV
{H$Ë`oH$m§Zm H$m`©aV amhUo AmdS>Vo. `m§n¡H$s `oD$ eH$VmV. AZno{jVnUo `oUmè`m _moR²>R>çm AmOmamdarb
{H$Ë`oH$OU Mm§Jbm nJma {_idUmao IM© {dMmamV KoVbm Zmhr. Aemdoir
ì`mdgm{`H$ AmhoV dm ñdV§Ì CÚmoJmV H$m_ gmoeb {gŠ `w[aQ>rdaMm IM© {H$Ë`oH$Xm ZmJ[aH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m gmR>dboë`m
H$aUmao CÚmoOH$ AmhoV. AWm©V Ago H$m_ 2007-08 _Ü`o A_o[aH$Z _§XrÀ`m n¡emVyZ dm noÝeZ \§$S>mVyZ IM© H$amdm bmJVmo.
H$aUmè`m§n¡H$s AZoH$m§Zm ZdrZ H$m_ H$aVmZm H$mimV A_o[aHo$Vrb d¥Õ Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr EHy$U CXm. EH$m ì`{º$À`m ~m~VrV Ë`mMm Agm IM©
AS>MUr `oVmV. {H$Ë`oH$doim Ë`m§Mo ""gmho~'' g§nÎmr 27 % KgéZ 5,29,000 S>m°bg©da 1,80,000 S>m°bg© hmoVm d Ë`mn¡H$s \$º$
Ë`m_mZmZo VéU AgVmV d Ë`m§À`m Ambr d ho H$m_ H$aÊ`mMo à_mU dmT>bo. 18000 S>m°bg© Ë`mbm gmoeb {gŠ`w[aQ>r
nÕVrà_mUo dm Vo gm§JVrb Vgo H$m_ H$aUo gwX¡dmZo 2010 gmbr Vr 5,90,000 n`ªV da \§$S>mVyZ {_imbo.
Ë`m§Zm AdKS> OmVo. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmer O_dyZ Jobr. `mM H$mimV gd©gm_mÝ` Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Mr
KoUo Ë`m§Zm AdKS> OmVo. Ogo g§JUH$s` 3,78,000 S>m°bg©dê$Z 4,26,000 nS>ob Vo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr V`mar
H«$m§{V_wio hmoV Agbobo H$m`©nÕVrVrb ~Xb. S>m°bg©n`ªV da Jobr. ^maVr` én`m§À`m H$mhr d¥Õ H${_eZ ~o{ggda {dH«$sMo H$m_
CXm. H$mhtZr OwÝ`m nÕVrÀ`m Q>mBnam`Q>ada {hemo~mV ho AmH$S>o _moÇ>o dmQ>bo Var {VH$S>À`m H$aVmV. Oa {dH«$s Pmbr VaM Ë`m§Zm n¡go
H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo, Ë`m§Zm g§JUH$mda H$aUo _hmJmB©Mm {dMma H$aVm Vo \$mago _moÇ>o dmQ>V {_iVmV. AgmM EH$OU EH$m _moR²>R>çm
AdKS> Jobo, Á`m§Zr \°$ŠgMm dmna Ho$bm Ë`m§Zm ZmhrV. {VH$S>o gmoeb {gŠ`w[aQ>r `moOZo_wio H§$nZrV {dH«$sà_wI hmoVm d Ë`mZo 50 dfm©À`m
B©_obZo g§Xoe nmR>dUo dJ¡ao. {edm` Aem§Mm ZmJ[aH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m nJmamÀ`m gw_mao 52 % n¡go ZmoH$arV Ë`mZo 1.2 H$moQ>r EdT>çm AmH$S>çm§Mo
nJmahr ~è`mM doim nyduÀ`m nJmamnojm H$_r {Zd¥ÎmrZ§Va {_im`Mo. nU nwT>o hoM à_mU 39% CËnmXZ {dH$bo hmoVo. AmVm Vmo VoM H$m_
AgVmo. {H$Ë`oH$m§Zm emar[aH$ H$ï>mMm H$m_o n`ªV Imbr Ambo Am{U d¥Õm§À`m AS>MUrbm H${_eZda H$aVmo. 2001 gmbr Ë`mbm
H$aVmZm Ìmg hmoVmo. nU Var{h Vo aoQy>Z ZoVmV. gwédmV Pmbr d Ë`m§VyZ ho XrK©H$mi H$m_ öX`{dH$mamMm PQ>H$m Ambm. Ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m
- Owb¡ 2012
49

50
hmbMmbtda ~§YZo Ambr. Ë`mZo CnMma H$éZ
KoVbo. naV Vmo H$m_mg gÁO Pmbm. Ë`mZo EH$
OwZr _moQ>maJmS>r {dH$V KoVbr d Ë`mM H§$nZrMo
CËnmXZ Vmo H${_eZda {dHy$ bmJbm. Ë`mbm
gmoeb {gŠ`w[aQ>r_YyZ 1700 S>m°bg© {_iVmV
nU Vo nwaogo ZgVmV. _J Vmo `m _mJm©Zo AmUIr
2000 S>m°bg© {_idVmo. {edm` Ë`mMr
~m`H$mohr KarM H$mhr \$i d \w$bPmS>o dmT>dyZ
{dH$Vo. Ë`m§VyZ Ë`m§Zm AmUIr WmoS>o CËnÞ
{_iVo d Ë`m§Mm g§gma ì`dpñWV MmbVmo. Vmo
Kar ~gyZM \$moZÛmao J«mhH$ hþS>H$Vmo d {dH«$s
H$aVmo.
AgmM EH$OU n¡go Q>mH$ë`mda Mmby
hmoUmar (H$m°BZ Am°naoQ>oS>) bm°ÝS´>r _{eZ
{dH$m`Mo H$m_ H$aVmo. 3,20,000 S>m°bg©Mo
EH$ _{eZ {dH$bo H$s Ë`mbm 15000 S>m°bg©
H${_eZ {_iVo.
AerM EH$ d¥Õm Vmer 7.5 S>m°bg©
doVZmda {WEQ>a_Ü`o S>moAa H$snaMo H$m_ H$aVo.
AmR>dS>çmV Vr Mma {Xdg Ago H$m_ H$aVo.
{VMo Ka^mS>oM _{hZm 1565 S>m°bg© Amho.
gmoeb {gŠ`w[aQ>r_YyZ {_iUmè`m n¡emVyZ Vo
{Xbo H$s {VÀ`m hmVr \$º$ 31 S>m°bg© amhVmV d
_J Ago H$mhr H$m_ Ho$ë`m{edm` {VMo J{UV
(g§gmamMo) ~gV Zmhr. Var{h Vr 3 _m§Oao
~miJyZ Amho d d¥ÎmnÌm§_YyZ `oUmar \y$S>
ñQ>°ångMr Hw$nZo H$mTy>Z Vr ñdñVmV Ë`m§Mo
ImÚnXmW© IaoXr H$aVo.
_Ü`ÝVar _r A_o[aH$Z EAabmBÝgÀ`m
{d_mZmZo A_o[aHo$V àdmg Ho$bm. Ë`m§Vë`m
""hdmB© gw§Xè`m'' (EAa hmoñQ>og ) gmR>rÀ`m
AmgnmgÀ`m hmoË`m. Amnë`mH$S>o 35
d`mZ§VaÀ`m hdmB© gw§Xè`m§Zm EAa B§{S>`mZo
godm{Zd¥Îm H$am`Mo R>adë`mda Pmbobm
JXmamoi AmR>dbm. (AWm©V EAaB§{S>`mÀ`m
gÜ`mÀ`m Aem hdmB© gw§Xè`m nm{hë`m Va
Ë`m§À`m d`mMr H$ënZm `oVo.)
- Owb¡ 2012
""~mog'' Mr H$Wm joÌmVbo ^anya kmZ d AZw^d AgVmo. Vmo dm`m
""~mog'' `m gwà{gÕ A_o[aH$Z H§$nZrMr OmVmo. AmVm H$mhr Á`oð> ZmJ[aH$ g§K g§J{R>V
à{gÕr gmD§$S>{gpñQ>åg H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amho. hmoVmhoV, nU Ë`m§VyZ àm_w»`mZo ""doi H$gm
Ë`mMo à_wI EH$ ^maVr` lr. ~mog AmhoV. Kmbdmdm'' hm àý _mJu bmJVmo, ""doi H$m_r
Ë`m§Mo d` AmVm§ 85 hÿZ A{YH$ Amho d Vo H$gm AmUmdm'' hm Zmhr. AZoH$OU _J
AÚmnhr nyU© doi H$m_ H$aVmV. Vo åhUVmV, AÜ`mË_ dm Xodm{XH$m§À`m gmYZoV _¾ hmoVmV.
""Am_À`m H§$nZrV _mUgm§Mr j_Vm Amho `m amï´>r` g§gmYZm§Mm Cn`moJ H$gm hmoD$ eHo$b
Vmon`ªV Ë`m§Zr H$m_ H$amdo. Amåhr Hw$Umbm ho nmhUo Cn`wº$ R>aob. A_o[aHo$Vrb darb
AmnUhÿZ godm{Zd¥Îm H$aUma Zmhr''. _r EH$m CXmhaUm§déZ d AmVm `wamonmVhr ngaV
A_o[aH$Z H§$nZr~amo~a H$m_ H$aVmo. Ë`mMo Mmbboë`m Ë`mÀ`m AZwH$aUm§déZ ^maVmVhr
_mbH$ AmVm§ 77 dfm©Mo AmhoV. Vo AÚmnhr AerM n[apñWVr AmO Zm CÚm `oUma d
nyU© doi H§$nZrV H$m_ H$aVmV. Ë`m§Mo ñdV…Mo d¥Õm§Zmhr Mm§Jbo amhUr_mZ amIÊ`mgmR>r
{d_mZ Amho d Vo AmOhr A_o[aHo$Vrb àdmg XrK©H$mi H$m_ H$amdo bmJUma Ago {MÝh {Xgy
Ë`m {d_mZmZo (ñdV… MmbdyZ ) H$aVmV. bmJbo Amho. AWm©V Amnë`mH$S>o bmoH$g§»`oV
(_bmhr Ë`m§Zr EH$ \o$ar KS>dyZ AmUbr.) `m VéUm§Mo à_mU _moÇ>o Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zm H$m_o
d`mVhr Ë`m§Zr EH$ Zdo g§`§Ì {dH${gV Ho$bo emoYVmZm dm Ë`m§À`mOmoJr H$m_o {dH${gV
Amho d H$mhr {d{eð> àH$maMo JmonZr` {S>PmBZ H$am`bm ^anya g§`moOZ H$amdo bmJob. AmO Zm
H$aÊ`m~m~V Ë`m§Mr »`mVr Amho. CÚm§ `oUmè`m Aem n[apñWVrMr nyd©V`mar
Mmby H$am`bm hdr, Zmhr H$m§?
^maVmV H$m` hmoUma ? (AmH$S>odmar- dm°b ñQ´>rQ> OZ©b_Yrb
Amnë`mH$S>ohr AmV§ amhUr_mZ dmT>V boImdéZ )
Mmbë`mZo IMm©Mr Vm|S>{_idUr H$aUo AdKS> ----------------------------hmoV
Mmbbo Amho. Var{h AmOhr AZoH$ gmR>rV S>m°. gwYra amqeJH$a
godm{Zd¥Îm Pmbobo \$mago H$mhr H$aVmZm sudhirr@vsnl.com
AmT>iV ZmhrV. Ë`m§MoH$S>o Hw$R>ë`mZm Hw$R>ë`m Mobile : 98220 22014
79, _hmË_m gmogm`Q>r, H$moWéS>, nwUo 38.

~±H$m§À`m ^m§S>dcrH$aUmMo Am{U R>ßn H$Om©Mo AmìhmZ
{d. H$. Vwier~mJdmbo
U Pmcocr A_o[aH$Z AW©ì`dñWm, \$aH$mZo A~m{YV R>odÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr gdcVrMo joÌm§À`m {dH$mgmMr AmìhmZo nocUmè`m,
OmJ{VH$ AW©ì`dñWocm ^oS>gmdrV Am{U àg§Jr H$R>moa {ZU©` KoD$Z H|$Ð gaH$ma _O~yV Am{W©H$ ~mhþ Agcoë`m ~±H$s¨J `m
Agcocm `wamo{n`Z g_wXm`mMm Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrcm gm_moao Joco. àM§S> _hmJmB©_wio nm`m^yV joÌmMr JaO Amho. gaH$mar ~±H$m
noMàg§J, KQ>Vm {dH$mg Xa, Am{U dmT>Vr MQ>Ho$ ~gcoë`m gm_mÝ` OZVoMm amof XoemÀ`m EHy$U {dÎmr` joÌmMm \$ma _moR>m {hñgm
{dÎmr` VyQ>, VaVwXrnojm dmT>V Jococr {d{dY gaH$macm ghZ H$amdm cmJcm. {dH$mg XamMo AgyZ, Ë`m§À`m ^m§S>dcrH$aUmMm Am{U
AZwXmZo, H|$Ð gaH$maÀ`m H$O© _`m©XoV hmoV C{Ôï> JmR>Ê`mH$[aVm Am¡Úmo{JH$, H¥$fr, drO, {dñVmarH$aUmMm H$m`©H«$_ H|$Ð gaH$maZo hmVr
Agcocr cjUr` dmT>, én`mMo Ad_yë`Z ImU CÚmoJ, ~m§YH$m_ Am{U cKw CÚmoJ KoVcm Amho. `m Am{W©H$ dfm©V én`o drg hOma
Am{U BVa AZoH$ Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m§_wio H|$Ðr` BË`mXr joÌm§Zm nwaogm Am{U nadS>Umam H$moQ>r Am{U nwT>o 10 dfm©V EHy$U gmS>oVrZ cmI
AW©_§Í`m§Mr Pmon CS>mcr Zgë`mg ZdcM. H$O©nwadR>m hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. eoVr Am{U nyaH$ H$moQ>r én`m§Mo ^mJ^m§S>dc H|$Ð gaH$maZo
2008 _Ü`o A_oo[aH$Z AW©ì`dñWocm CÚmoJgmR>rMr Am{W©H$ VaVyX Xadfu gaH$mar ~±H$m§Zm XoÊ`mMm àñVmd Amho.
cmJcoë`m AmohmoQ>rMo OmJ{VH$ AW©ì`dñWoda dmT>{dÊ`mV `oV Amho. Ë`mVM Inclusive ~±H$m§À`m EHy$U emIon¡H$s 38 Q>¸o$ emIm
n[aUm_ hmoUo gmh{OH$M hmoVo. ^maV `mcm growth hm `wnrE gaH$maMm AO|S>çmdarc XoemÀ`m J«m_rU ^mJmV AgyZ, 40 Q>¸o$
AndmX ZìhVm na§Vw XoemÀ`m AW©ì`dñWoMr _mZm§{H$V {df` Amho. WmoS>Š`mV `mnwT>À`m cmoH$g§»`m hr ~±Ho$À`m ì`dhmamer {ZJS>rV
MnIcVm Am{U J{V_mZVm WmoS>çm \$ma H$mimV da {ZX}e Ho$coë`m {d{dY Am{W©H$ Amho. gw_mao XmoZ hOma cmoH$g§»`m Agcoë`m
- Owb¡ 2012
51

52
AmíM`© ì`º$ Ho$co. ImOJr ~m§YH$m_
ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm H$m°nm}aoQ>À`m Zmdmda H$O© _§Owa
H$éZ Vo {Xë`mMo gr.~r.Am`.À`m EH$m
Ka~m§YUr H$Om©À`m KmoQ>mù`mV AmT>iyZ
Amco. nmR>monmR> AW©_§Ìmc`mZo gd© gaH$mar
~±H$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m qOXJrMr nV Am{U R>ßn
H$Om©Mm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xcm.
_Ü`§Var Amo[agm Cƒ Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m
AmXoemZwgma gr.~r.Am`.Zo Ho$coë`m VnmgmV
H$mhr ~±H$m§Zr \o$_m H$m`ÚmMo C„ §KZ H$éZ
2007 Am{U 2008 `m dfm©V S>oarìhrQ>rdO
H§$ÌmQ>o {dH$cr. Ë`mV ^maVr` H§$nÝ`m§Zm hOmamo
H$moQ>r én`m§Mm VmoQ>m Pmcm. gaH$mar ~±H$m§Mo
^m§S>dcrH$aU Am{U R>ßn H$O} Ë`mMo \$ma _moR>o
AmdmhZ H|$Ð gaH$ma nwT>o C^o Amho. H|$Ð gaH$ma
Am{U [aPìh© ~±Ho$Zo da {ZX}e Ho$coë`m
A{Z`{_VnUmcm Am{U Am{W©H$ ~o{eñVrcm
doirM nm`m~§X KmVcm nm{hOo ZmhrVa Rßn H$V}
76000 IoS>çmV ~±H$s¨J godm gwé H$aÊ`mMr amB©Q> Am°\$ H$Om©V dmT> Ago {MÌ Amho. Am{U amB©Q> Am°\$ Ho$coë`m H$Om©Mr g_ñ`m
`moOZm Amho. XoemÀ`m EHy$U Am{W©H$ ^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~±H$ Am{U gaH$mar ~±H$m AmO J§^ra én YmaU H$aoc. AmO H|$Ð gaH$maOdi
{dH$mgmV ^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~±H$ Am{U BVa gaH$mar \$m`ÚmV AmhoV. \$m`Xm hmoUo åhUOo EHy$U ~±H$m§Zm ^m§S>dc XoÊ`mH$[aVm {ZYr CncãY
~±H$m§Mo `moJXmZ \$ma _moR>o Amho. AmO {_Vrg gd©M H$m_{Jar g_mYmZH$maH$ Amho Ago
- Owb¡ 2012
Zmhr. Am`w{d©_m _hm_§S>i hr ^y{_H$m ~Omdy
EHy$U R>odr g§H$cZ Am{U H$O© {dVaUm_Ü`o åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. EH$m »`mVZm_
AZwH«$_o 73 Q>¸o$ d 74 Q>¸o$ {hñgm `m gw_mao 24 Am§Vaamï>´r` aoQ>tJ EOÝgrZo ^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~±Ho$Mo
eH$Vo qH$dm H$go `m~m~V Aä`mg Mmcy Amho.
~±H$m§Mm Amho. hr Oar A{^_mZmñnX ~m~ dJuH$aU ImcÀ`m nmVirda AmUco.
cmoH$g^oV ~±H$m§À`m R>ßn H$Om©~Ôc Am{U
Agcr Var R>ßn H$Om©Mm AmcoI Am{U AmíM`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo ~±H$ ì`dñWmnZmZo
EHy$U H$m_{Jar~Ôc {dMmaUm Pmcr na§Vw
Amamo½`Xm`r Vmio~§XmgmR>r ~wS>rV H$O} amB©Q>- ñnï>rH$aU Va gmoS>mM nU Amjon gwÕm
H|$Ðr` AW©_§Í`m§Zr WmVya_mVya CÎma XoD$Z doi
{Z^mdyZ Zocr. EH$m gwÑT>, {ZH$mon Aem ~±qH$J
Am°\$ H$aÊ`mMr ~±H$m§Mr dmT>Vr àd¥{Îm {Z{üVM Zm|X{dcm Zmhr, `mVM H$m` Vo Amco. AmO
nm`^yV joÌmMr Xoemcm JaO Amho. `m~Ôc
qMVmOZH$ AgyZ Vr ZOaoAmS> H$éZ MmcUma gaH$mar ~±Ho$Mo EZ.nr.E. dmT>Ê`mMr H$mhr dmXM Zmhr. Ë`mH$[aVm `m ~±H$m§Zm ^m§S>dcmMr
Zmhr. 2007 Z§VaÀ`m VrZ dfm©V gaH$mar H$maUo nmhÿ Joë`mg Á`m H$maUmH$[aVm H$O© _§Oya JaO ^mgUma Am{U Ë`mMm _moR>m {hñgm gaH$ma
~±H$m§Zr én`o n§Mdrg hOma H$moQ>r H$O© amB©Q> Pmco Amho Ë`mMm dmna Ë`mM H$maUmH$[aVm
XoUma Amho. Vmo XoVmZm AmO Á`m gaH$mar ~±H$m
Am°\$ Ho$co Amho. 2008 gmcr `wnrE gaH$maZo Ho$cm OmVmo H$s Zmhr ho H$Q>mjmZo nmhUo OéarMo
eoVH$è`m§Mr gw_mao gÎma hOma H$moQ>rMr H$O} Amho. [aPìh© ~±Ho$À`m AcrH$S>À`m
AmhoV Ë`m§Mo {dcrZrH$aU H$éZ ñQ>oQ> ~±Ho$À`m
_m\$ Ho$cr Var gwÕm 2009 _Ü`o R>ßn H$Om©Mm nmhUrZwgma _§Owa _wXV H$Om©Mr a¸$_ Mmcy
AmH$mamÀ`m Mma ~±H$m ñWmnZ Ho$ë`mg
H$Xm{MV ^m§S>dcmMm `mo½` dmna Am{U R>ßn
AmH$S>m én`o MìdoMmirg hOma H$moQ>r n`ªV ImË`mV O_m Ho$cr OmVo Am{U H$O©Xma X¡Z§{XZ
H$Om©Mo à_mU H$_r hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoÊ`mMr
Jocm. AmO Va Vmo én`o E¸$mhÎma hOma dmnamH$[aVm hr a¸$_ `m ImË`mVyZ H$mTy>Z KoVmo. eŠ`Vm dmQ>Vo.
H$moQ>rMoAmgnmg nmohmoMcm Amho. ho {MÌ MmQ>©S>© AH$m¢Q>Q>À`m H$O© dmnamMr g{Q>©{\$Ho$Q>g²
XoemÀ`m AW©ì`dñWoÀ`m Ñï>rZo {ZpíMVM J«mø Yacr OmVmV. Qy>Or ñàoŠQ>_ KmoQ>mù`mÀ`m
CËgmhdY©H$ Zmhr. Ë`mVyZ ñnï> Am{U gai EH$m gwZmdUrV gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc`mcm -----------------------------
AW© H$mT>md`mMm åhQ>ë`mg H$O© _§Owar H§$nÝ`m§Zm _§Owa Pmcoë`m cm`goÝg nmoQ>r ~±H$m§Zr
{d. H$. Vwier~mJdmbo,
JwUdÎmoÀ`m {ZH$fmda {Xcr OmV Zmhr. VS>OmoS> _moR>çm à_mUmda ZOaJhmU H$O© {Xë`mMo 1124, ~wYdma noR>, nwUo 411002.
Ho$cr OmVo. n[aUm_ `m_wio R>ßn H$Om©V Am{U AmT>iyZ Amco. I§S>nrR>mZo `m ~m~VrV

AWmVmo AWmVmo AW© AW© {Okmgm
{Okmgm
S>m°. dg§V nQ>dY©Z
Z _{hÝ`mV amOH$s` dmVmdaU, J«rg `wamoPmoZ_Ü`oM amhrb Ago ñnï> Ho$bo d H$O} KoÊ`mMr _`m©Xm 30 AãO S>m°bg©da Zobr.
amï>´nVr {ZdS>UyH$rÀ`m g§X^m©V H$mQ>H$garÀ`m `moOZm gwé Ho$ë`m. Ë`mnydu Ë`mZo n[apñWVrV H$mhrhr \$aH$ nS>bm Zmhr.
JTy>i Pmbo hmoVo.15 OyZn`ªV \«$mÝg_Yrb {ZdS>UyH$ gaH$moOr habo hmoVo. gÚpñWVrbm lr. _wIOuM O~m~Xma
Ë`m~m~V hmbMmb ZìhVr. nU H$m±J«ogÀ`m lr. {VWohr Zì`m amï>´mÜ`jm§Zr, n§VàYmZm§gh gd© Agë`mMo AàË`j[aË`m gJirH$Sy>Z Üd{ZV
àUd _wIOu d h_rX AÝgmar `m C_oXdmam§Mr _§Í`m§À`m nJmamV Vrg Q>¸o$ H$nmV Ho$br d Pmbo Ë`m_wio Zdm YS>mS>rMm AW©_§Ìr
Zmdo EH$X_ Omhra H$éZ d _wbm`_qgJ `m§Zm \«$mÝgbm Am{W©H$ g§H$Q>m§nmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m {_ion`ªV, n§VàYmZM ho AW©ImVo gm§^miUma
~amo~a KoD$Z __Vm ~°ZOvZm Ë`m§Zm {damoY Ho$bm `moOZm gwé Ho$ë`m. AmhoV.
d S>m°. H$bm_ `m§Mo Zmd n§VàYmZ d gmo_ZmW ^maVmV _mÌ emgZ Xþ~©i hmoV Agë`mZo 15 OyZbm H$m°nm}aoQ> H$amMm OyZMm n{hbm
M°Q>Ou `m Zmdm§~amo~a nwT>o Ho$bo. XmoZ {XdgmV én`mMr qH$_V àM§S> KgaV Amho. S>m°ba én`m hám H§$nÝ`m§Zr ^abm. Á`m§Zr OyZ 11
_wbm`_qgJmZr Ë`m§Zm EH$mH$s nmS>bo d {d{Z_` Xa 28 Q>ŠŠ`mZo Kgabm Amho d {V_mhrÀ`m VwbZoV OmñV a¸$_ ^abr Amho.
_wIOvZm nmqR>~m Omhra Ho$bm. S>m°. H$bm_ S>m°babm 57.20 én`o _moOmdo bmJV AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm Z\$m OmñV Agob, ho CKS> Amho. `m
`m§Zr {ZdS>UyH$ bT>dm`bm ZH$ma {Xbm. bT>V hr KgaU Hw$R>>n`ªV OmB©b ho AmO gm§JVm `oV OyZÀ`m {V_mhrMo AmH$S>o Owb¡ 15 nmgyZ nwT>rb
EH$V\$s© hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ amï>´dmXr H$m±J«og Zmhr. _{hÝ`mV à{gÕ hmoD$ bmJVrb. Voìhm `m
njmÀ`m lr. g§J_m `m§Zr nj gmoS>yZ {ZdS>UyH$ `m n[apñWVrbm [aPd© ~±H$ H$mhrVar VH$m©Mr gË`Vm nS>VmiyZ ~KVm `oB©b. `m OyZ
bT>dm`Mo R>adbo. hVme {damoYH$m§Zr bEmB© H$bmQ>Ur XoB©b Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. AW©_§Ìr d 12 Mo H$am§Mo AmH$S>o Imbrb à_mUo H$moQ>r
haÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho Var lr. g§J_m§Zm [aPd© ~±H$ `m§À`mV Hw$R>o _oi ~gV ZìhVm. 18 én`m§V AmhoV. H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o OyZ 11
nmqR>~m {Xbm d `m KS>m_moS>r_wio Am{W©H$ ~m~r OyZbm [aPd© ~±Ho$Zo, _hmJmB© Omo n`ªV H$_r hmoV {V_mhrMo AmhoV.
_mJo nS>ë`m. Zmhr Vmon`ªV aonmoXa dJ¡aoV H$nmV Z H$aÊ`mMm ñQ>oQ> ~±H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m 1170(1100),
lr. _wIOu `m§Mo Zmd Omhra Pmë`mZ§Va XþamJ«h ~±Ho$Zo R>odrV, H|$ÐemgZmMrMAZoH$ Q>mQ>m H$ÝgbQ>Ýgr(TCS) 320(250), Q>mQ>m
n§VàYmZ _opŠgH$mo_Ü`o Or-20 amîQ>´m§À`m YmoaUo gÚpñWVrbm H$maUr^yV Agë`mMo ñ Q > r b 2 7 0 ( 2 6 0 ) , A m ` . g r .
n[afXobm Jobo. {VWo Ë`m§Zr `wamon_Yrb gm§{JVbo. Ë`m_wio AW©_§Ìr åhUyZ lr. _wIOu Am`.gr.Am`.~±H$ 500(400), ~±H$ Am°\$
g§H$Q>m~Ôb ^mî` Ho$bo. {VWë`m Xoem§Zr H$go `m§Zr H|$Ð d ~±H$ `m§À`mV ~mobUr Mmby AgyZ ~amoS>m 315(270), H$mobJoQ> 24(20),
dmJmdo `mda _VàXe©Z Ho$bo d OmJ{VH$ 25 VmaIobm XmoKm§H$Sy>Z AW©ì`dñWm EM.S>r.E\$.gr.300(255), Ao gr gr
n[apñWVr_wioM ^maVmMr AW©ì`dñWm VmaUmè`m _hËdmÀ`m KmofUm hmoVrb Ago 45(40), AëQ>´m Q>oH$ 110(40), qhX {bìha
_§Xmdë`mMo gm§{JVbo. gm§{JVbo. àË`jm§V Vmo ~ma \w$gH$m R>abm. 140(100), XoZm ~±H$ 77(55), ~±H$ Am°\$
Xaå`mZ 18 OyZbm J«rg_Ü`o {ZdS>UyH$m ^maVmÀ`m amo»`m§V {dXoer J§wVdUyH$sgmR>rMr B§{S>`m 175(170), ~OmO Am°Q>mo
Pmë`m. g_mOdmXr H$m°Pìho{Q>ìh njmMo _`m©Xm 15 AãO S>m°bg©déZ 20 AãO S>m°bg© 150(125), B§Sw>qgS> ~±H$ 60(40), H$moQ>H$
C_oXdma amîQ>´mÜ`j åhUyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambo. Ë`m§Zr Ho$br Jobr d Am¡Úmo{JH$ H§$nÝ`m§Zm naXoemVyZ _qhÐ ~±H$ 75(60), bmg}Z A±S> Qw>~m}
- Owb¡ 2012 53

54
160(180), B§{S>`Z Am°B©b H$m°nm}aoeZ ~¡R>H$ KoVë`mda GARR ~m~mVÀ`m {Z`_m§Mm _hmJmB©) H$_r hmoB©b. Voìhm 7 Q>ŠŠ`mImbr Oa
125(-), A§~wOm {g_|Q> 60(50), ½boÝ_mH©$ AmamIS>m Jwédmar 28 OyZbm amÌr à{gÕ _hmJmB©Mm Xa Ambm Va [aPd© ~±Ho$bm aonmoXa d
\$m_m© 7.5(3), Om°ÝñZ A±S> Om°ÝgZ 26(17), Ho$bm. Ë`mZwgma ho {Z`_ E{àb 201 nmgyZ AÝ` ì`mOXam§V H$nmV H$amdr bmJob.
qhS>mëH$mo(50(70), H°$ñQ>´m°b 38(40), bmJy hmoVrb d Ë`mnyduÀ`m CËnÞmda Vmo `m gd© Jmoï>tMm EH$Ì à^md nSy>Z
½b°Šgmo pñ_W ŠbmB©Z 50(43), _qhÐ A±S> bmJUma Zmhr. VgoM nr.ZmoQ>gdahr bmJUma AW©ì`dñWobm nwZ: JVr `mdr. S>m° qgJ `m§Zr
_qhÐ 90(_m{hVr Zmhr) Zmhr. H$aXm{`Ëd {gÕ H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Oa Cabobr XrS> df} Amnë`mH$S>oM AW©ImVo
H$m°nm}aoQ> H$amMm n{hë`m {V_mhrMm ^aUm H$adgwbr A{YH$mè`m§da amhrb. Ë`mVë`m R>odbo Va Cnm` `moOZm à^mdr hmoB©b. Jobr
_mJÀ`m dfm©À`m OyZnojm 10 Q>¸o$ OmñV Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r {VVŠ`mem ñnï> Pmë`m ZmhrV gmS>oVrb df} n§VàYmZ "_wH$' hmoVo nU AmVm
Pmë`mZo Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZ emgZmZo Am{W©H$ Varhr Ë`m~m~V nwZ{d©Mma Mmby Amho `odT>r Iao "Zm`H$' hmoD$ BpÀN>VmV. Joë`m _{hÝ`mV
gwYmaUm Ho$ë`m, ì`mOXa H$_r Ho$bo, H$moigm d ~m~ eoAa~mOmambm CËgmh XoUmar R>abr. OyZ_Ü`o H§$nÝ`m§À`m H$ma^mamV \$mago ~Xb
CO}Mm {Z`{_V, doioda d Amdí`H$ VodT>m OyZAIoa {ZX}em§H$ nwZ: 17429 n`ªV d {ZâQ>r ZìhVo. nU H$mhr H§$nÝ`m§~Ôb _hÎdmÀ`m
nwadR>m amñV qH$_VrV Ho$bm Va `mnwT>rb ZD$ 5278 da ~§X Pmbm. _{hÝ`mÀ`m eodQ>À`m ~mVå`m `oV am{hë`m. Ë`mVë`m H$mhr
_{hÝ`mV AW©ì`dñWoMr J{V dmT>ob. __Vm {XderM {ZX}em§H$mZo 439 A§emZo Va {ZâQ>rZo H§$nÝ`m§À`m ~m~V C„ oI An[ahm`© R>aVrb.
~°ZOu AmVm EH$mH$s nS>ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm 130 A§emZo CS>r KoVbr. én`mMm ñnYm© Am`moJmZo AH$am {g_|Q> H§$nÝ`m§Zm,
{dMmamV Z KoVm, emgZmZo {H$aH$moi ì`mnmamV S>m°bagmR>rMm {d{Z_` Xahr 57.22 g§JZ_V H$éZ {g_|Q>À`m qH$_Vr dmT>dyZ A_mn
AZoH$ ~«±S>À`m {dXoer H§$nÝ`m§Zm geV©, én`mdéZ gwYméZ 55.64 Pmbm Amho. Z\$m {_idë`mMm Amamon H$éZ 6300 H$moQ>r
J§wVdUyH$sgmR>r nadmZJr {Xbr Va, n§VàYmZm§À`m CËgmhmbm OmoS> XoÊ`mgmR>rM H$s én`m§Mm X§S> R>moR>mdbm Amho. 2010 d 2011
dmVmdaUmV gwYmaUm hmoB©b. Aer XþH$mZo XmoZ H$m`, 28 OZy nmgZy Vbo {dH$«s d {dVaU _mM© bm g§nboë`m dfm©gmR>r hr H$madmB© hmoVr.
dfm©V n§Yam drgÀ`m da {ZKUma ZmhrV. H$aUmè`m H§$nÝ`m§Zr, OmJ{VH$ ~mOmamV H$ƒ o EHy$U Zâ`mÀ`m 50 Q>¸o$ X§S> AmH$mabm Jobm
Ë`m_wio Ë`m~m~VMm J¡ag_O Xÿa hmoUo nQo >m´ bo (~Q|«> H$«y S>) ñdñV Pmë`mZ,o EH$m {bQ>abm Amho. _mÌ Vmo ^aÊ`mnyduM `m H§$nÝ`m AnoboQ>
Amdí`H$ Amho. hr {dXoer J§wVdUyH$ BWo AS>rM én`m§Zr qH$_Vr H$_r Ho$ë`m. (Xa EH$ d Q´m`ã`w_bH$S>o XmX _mJUma AmhoV. Ë`m_wio ho
amoOJma dmT>drb d _hmJmB© H$_r H$aob. 26 n§Yam VmaIobm ^md ~XbÊ`m~m~V Ë`m {ZU©` àH$aU H$mhr _{hZo Var ZÝ`m`à{dï> amhrb. `m
OyZnmgyZ n§VàYmZm§Zr AW©_§ÌrnX ñdV:H$S>o KUo ma hmËo `m. nU AmJmD$ VmaIm _mhrV Pmë`mZ,o Zâ`m~m~V d R>moR>mdboë`m X§S>m~m~V H$mhr
KoVbo Amho. GARR H$aH$m`ÚmVrb 50 df} noQ>´mobn§n {dH«o$Vo gmR>o~mOr H$arV Agë`mMo à_Iw H$§nÝ`mM§ r AmH$S>do mar nTw >rb nð¥>mda Amh.o
_mJo ZoUmam AW©g§H$ënm_wio Ambobm H$m`Xm, bjmV Amë`mZo AmVm H§$nÝ`m Ho$ìhmhr AW©H$maUmda n[aUm_ H$aUmè`m AÝ`
dJ¡ao~m~V bJoM nwZ{d©Mma H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm AmH$pñ_VnUo ^md H$_r OmñV H$aUma AmhoV) Jmoï>tMm AmVm C„ oI Amdí`H$ R>aob.
_ZmoXX` Amho. Ë`m_wio g§gXoMo nmdgmir ìhQ° >, {dH$«sH$a `mV§ hr Ë`m à_mUmV H$nmV hmUo ma [abm`Ýg B§S>ñQ>´rOÀ`m H¥$îUm JmoXmdar
A{YdoeZ Owb¡_Ü`o gwé hmoB©b Ë`mdoiobm Agë`mZo J«mhH$m§Zm Xa {bQ>a noQ>´mob_mJo 3.14 Imoè`mVrb S>r-6 àH$ënmgmR>r {VMr
~±H$s¨J d {d_m ì`dgm`, gwYmaUm {dYo`H$, én`mM§ m \$m`Xm hmBo b© . AmVm OmJ{VH$ ~mOmamV H°$ZS>m_Yë`m {ZH$mo `m H§$nZrer ^m{JXmar
noÝeZ {dYo`H$ d hdmB© dmhVwH$, {d_m, nwZ: noQ>´mob CVabo Agë`mZo Owb¡_Ü`ohr ^mdmV Amho. {VZo `m {dhrarVrb gmR>m AmVm 80 Q>¸o$
\w$Q>H$i ì`dgm` (ì`mnma) `mV _moR>çm AmUIr WmoS>r H$nmV hmoD$ eHo$b. H$_r Agob Ago åhQ>bo Amho. `m àH$ënmV
à_mUmV {dXoer J§wVdUyH$ AmH¥$ï> hmoÊ`mMo OyZ_Ü`o nmdgmZo CN>r _méZ bmoH$m§À`m {ZH$moMr 10 Q>¸o$ {hñgoXmar Amho. [abm`ÝgZo
{dYo`H$ `m§Zm _hÎd `oB©b. Ago Oa Pmbo Va Vm|S>Mo nmUr nidbo. Vmo 24 Q>¸o$ H$_r Pmbm AmVm Amnbm dómoÚmoJhr {dH$m`bm
eoAa~mOma EH$X_ gwYmaob gÜ`mÀ`m Amho. nU Owb¡_Ü`o Mm§Jbm nmD$g hmoB©b Aer H$mT>ë`mMo d¥Îm Amho Ë`m_wio EH$doiMm {d_b
{ZX}em§H$ _J 20000 da OmUo d {ZâQ>r 6000 eŠ`Vm Agë`mZo, ^mOrnmbm, \$io `m§Mo ^md AmoZbr `m ZmdmMr ^wai AmVm g§nob.
da OmUo AeŠ` Zmhr. S>m°. _Z_mohZqgJ `m§Zr H$_r Pmbo Va _hJmB© H$_r hmoB©b. n§VàYmZm§Mo Q>mQ>m _moQ>g©Mr qgJya_Ü`o Agbobr Or
ImË`mMm Vm~m KoVë`mda AW©g{Md S>m°. g„ mJma l H$m¡{eH$ ~gw `em§À`m O_rZ __Vm ~°ZOvZr ^y_r AmJ«hU H$m`Xm
a§JamOZ, _m±Q>oH$ Ahbwdm{b`m `m§À`m~amo~a åhUÊ`mà_mUo Am°Š Q>mo~aZ§Va ^md (d H$éZ H$mTy>Z KoVbr hmoVr Ë`m~m~V H$mobH$mVm
- Owb¡ 2012

H§$nZr _mM© 10 _mM© 11 EHy$U Z\$m X§S> 50%
Oo.nr. Agmo{gEQ>g² 1479 1168 2647 1324
AëQ>´mQ>oH$ 947 1404 2351 1174
A§~wOm {g_|Q> 1064 1264 2378 1164
Egrgr 970 1325 2295 1148
g|Mwar Q>oŠgQ>mB©ëg 308 240 548 274
_Ðmg {g_|Q>g² 306 211 517 259
B§{S>`m {g_|Q>g² 307 768 375 187
Cƒ Ý`m`mb`mZo Amnbm {ZU©` H§$nZrÀ`m Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌm§V ZdrZ àH$ën KoÊ`mMr BÀN>m H$aVm H$m_m Z`o. Ë`m_wio {dÎmr` VwQ>, AZwXmZ
~mOyZo {Xbm Amho. hmoB©b. _hm_mJ© ~m§YÊ`mMr H$m_o Oa {Xbr Jobr dmMdyZ H$_r H$aVm `oB©b.
_{hZmAIoarg gogm Jmodm d ñQ>bm©BQ> Va `w{ZQ>r BÝ\«$m Jm`Ìr BÝ\«$m, [abm`Ýg BÝ\«$m, OyZMm AmT>mdm, `wamno_Yë`m n[apñWVrMm
B§S>ñQ>´rO H§$nZrÀ`m {dbrZrH$aUmbm XmoÝhr Am` Eb A±S> E\$ Eg, Am`.Ama.~r. `m§Zm C„ oI Ho$ë`mIoarO g§ny eH$Uma Zmhr. \«$mÝg d
H§$nÝ`m§À`m ^mJYmaH$m§Zr _§Oyar {Xbr Amho. ho IoiË`m ^m§S>dbmgmR>r H$O} H$mT>mdrM J«rg_Yë`m gÎmmnmbQ>mZ§Va Or 20 amîQ>´m§Mr
{dbrZrH$aU \o$~«wdmar 2012 _Ü`o Omhra Pmbo bmJVrb. _opŠgH$moV ~¡R>H$ Pmbr. `m amï>´m§Zr BQ>br d
hmoVo. Zì`m {S>Pob JmS>çm§da 170 Vo 250 hOma ñnoZ `m Xoem§À`m `oUmè`m Am{W©H$ g§H$Q>m§Mmhr
bmg}Z Qy>~«moZo h¡Ðm~mXÀ`m _oQ>´mo aoëdogmR>r én`m§n`ªV CËnmXZ ewëH$ bmdÊ`mMm àñVmd {dMma Ho$bm.
O_rZ AmJ«{hV Ho$br Amho. hm àH$ën VrZ df} emgZmH$Sy>Z `m H§$nÝ`m§g_moa R>odÊ`mV Ambm `wamo PmoZ VwQ>Uma Zmhr `m~m~V O_©Zr
aIS>V hmoVm Vmo AmVm _mJu bmJob. Amho. d Ë`m§Zr gmV {XdgmV Ë`mda Amnbo {deofV: H$miOr KoUma Amho. ñnoZ, J«rg,
n§VàYmZm§Zr {d_m d {H$aH$moi ì`mnmamV åhUUo H$idm`Mo Amho. Xadfu _méVr BQ>>br, Am`bªS> `m§À`m H$O©amo»`mgmR>r
{dXoer ^m§S>db OmñV `mdo Ago à`ËZ gwé Ho$bo gwPwH$sM ~mam bj JmS>çm {dH$Vo. Ë`m n¡H$s 35 `wamo{n`Z ~±H$ 1 AãO `wamon`ªV _XV H$aob.
AmhoV. {H$aH$moi ì`mnmamV _pëQ>~«±S> H§$nÝ`m§Zm Q>¸o$ JmS>çm `m {S>Pob B§{OZmÀ`m AgVmV. Am§Vaamï>´r` ZmUo{ZYr d OmJ{VH$ ~±H$ Ë`m§Zm
49 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV J§wVdUyH$ H$aÊ`mMr Á`m AÝ` ñH$moS>m, _{g©{S>O, Q>mo`mooQ>m, _qhÐmÀ`m H$O} XoB©b. `wamno_Yë`m ~±H$m§Zm nwaogm ^m§S>db
amÁ`m§Mr V`mar Amho {VWo ho _m°ëg CKS>Ê`mMr JmS>çm, Vdoam dJ¡ao JmS>çm§Mm {dMma Ho$bm Va nwadR>>m hmoB©b. `m Xoem§Zr IMm©~m~V H$mQ>H$ga
V`mar H$mhr amÁ`m§Zr XmI{dbr Amho. __Vm Xadfu {ZXmZ 5 bj JmS>çm {SPobÀ`m H$aÊ`mMo H$~yb Ho$bo Amho.
~°ZOvZm n. ~§Jmb_Ü`o Vo ZH$mo AgVrb Va AgVrb. 60000 én`mà_mUo Ë`m§À`mdaMm `wamonMr n[apñWVr gwYmé bmJë`mMo g§Ho$V
{VWo nadmZJr Z XoÊ`mMo ñdmV§Í` Ë`m§Zm Amho. H$a 3000 H$moQ>r én`o {_iob nU OwÝ`m {_imë`mda OyZÀ`m AIoarg gd© XoemVrb
Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr AÝ` amÁ`m§Zm ImoS>m Kmby Z`o JmS>çm§Zm H$mhrM VmoerM bmJUma Zmhr. `m eoAa~mOma da Jobo. ^maVr` AW©Vkm§Zm d
Ago à`ËZ Mmby AmhoV. _wbm`_qgJ `mXd CbQ> {S>PobMr qH$_V 10é. Zo Oar {bQ>a_mJo {dûcofH$m§Zm, AmVm BWë`m n[apñWVr~Ôb
g§nwAm emgZmÀ`m nmR>r_mJo ^¸$_nUo C^o dmT>dbr Var OwÝ`m d Zì`m JmS>çm§_Ü`o `wamonH$S>o ~moQ>o XmIdÊ`mMm AmXe© \$m°å`wbm
Agë`mZo ho {dYo`H$ nmdgmir A{YdoeZmV ^oX^md hmoUma Zmhr d qH$_V 10 Vo 12 hOma {JadVm `oUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio `oVm Owb¡ _h{Zm
_§Oya hmoD$ eHo$b. Vgo Pmë`mg ~mOmamV H$moQ>r én`o Vob H§$nÝ`m§Zm {_iVrb d VodT>çmZo ~am Omdm. amï>´nVr {ZdS>UyH$sZ§Va, àUd
gH$mamË_H$ dmVmdaU H$m`_ amhrb. gaH$mabm H$_r AZwXmZ Úmdo bmJob. nU _wIOuM g§gXoÀ`m nmdgmir A{YdoeZmV
[aPd© ~±Ho$Zo Xa H$_r H$aÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm noQ>´mobMo Xa Oa dmT>bo ZmhrV d {S>PobMo Xa Amnbo A{^^mfU dmMVrb nU Ë`mda N>mnm
Üd{ZV Ho$ë`mZ§Va ñQ>oQ> ~±Ho$Zo 8 OyZnmgyZM dmT>bo Va Ë`mVbr V\$mdVhr H$_r hmoB©b. Iao _mÌ S>m°. _Z_mohZ qgJ `m§Mm Agob.
240 {Xdgm§n`ªVÀ`m R>odtdarb Xa nmd nm{hbo Va noQ>´mob {dH$Umè`m gd© H§$nÝ`m§Mm
Q>ŠŠ`mZo H$_r Ho$bo AmhoV. aonmoXa Oa H$_r Vmio~§X Z\$m XmIdrV AgVm Amåhmbm VmoQ>m
Pmbm Va H$Om©darb ì`mOXahr H$_r homVrb d hmoVmo Agm Ë`m§Mm Xmdm emgZmZo `mnwT>o _mÝ`
-----------------------------
S>m°. dg§V nQ>dY©Z ho ~±H$ Am°\$ _hmamï´>Mo _mOr
MoAa_Z Am{U _°ZoqOJ S>m`aoŠQ>a hmoVo.
- Owb¡ 2012 55

56
nwñVH$ n[aM` :
"Am` h°d A S´>r_' nwñVH$ n[ajU - Jm|{dX JbJbr
gmoeb Am§ÌàZg©
CÝZVrMr ñdßZ§ gmaoMOU nmhVmV. Vr
àË`jmV AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZhr H$aVmV. Aer
ñdßZ hmM `m nwñVH$mMm {df`. nU hr ñdßZ
ñdV:À`m CÝZVrMr ZìhoV. g_mOmVrb Xþ~©b
KQ>H$m§À`m CÝZVrMr ñdßZ d hr nmhUmè`m
ì`ŠVr AmhoV Cƒ {e{jV - Am` Am` E_
Am` Am` Q>r Mo nXdrYa doJdoJi`m joÌmVrb
B§{O{Z`a, S>m°ŠQ>a, nr EM S>r Pmboë`m ì`ŠVr.
dmñV{dH$ Cƒ {e{jV ì`ŠVr `emÀ`m nm`è`m
MT>V gwImMm nmR>bmJ H$aV amhVmV. nU
gwImH$So> nmR> {\$adyZ "H$mhr doJi H$am`M`'
Aem {dMmam§Mm dJ© g^modVmbr Amho.
g_mOmVrb Xþ~©b KQ>H$m§À`m g_ñ`mMm§ emoY
KoCZ Ë`m gmoS>dU§, Ë`§mZm gÝ_mZmZ C^ H$aU
g_mOmVrb XþîQ> àd¥ËVr KmbdU hoM Ë`m§M
ñdßZ. Ë`m§M H$m`© g_mOmgmR>rM, Vo gm_m{OH$
CX`moOH$ Ë`mV d¡`pŠVH$ ñdmW© Zmhr, A{W©H$
bm^mMr Anojm Zmhr. Aem drg {Z: ñdmWr©
gmoeb - A§mÌàZg©, gm_m{OH$ CX`moOH$
`m§Mr, Ë`mÀ`m à`ËZmMr, Ë`m§Zm {_imboë`m
`emMr AmoiI aí_r ~Ýgb `m§Zr "Am` h°d A
S´²>r_' `m B§J«Or nwñVH$mV H$éZ {Xbr Amho.
{H$Vr© naMwao `m§Zr Ho$bobm _amR>r AZwdmX Ë`mM
Zm§dmZo A_o` àH$meZmZo gmXa Ho$bm Amho.
nwñVH$mV VrZ ^mJ AmhoV. 1. aoZ _oH$g© -
`mV AH$am gmoeb Am§ÌàZg© AmhoV. 2. Mo§O
_oH$g© ghm Am§ÌàZg© 3. pñd[aÀ`wAb
H°${nQ>°{bñQ>g² VrZ Am§ÌàZg© àË`oH$ ^mJmVrb
gmoeb Am§ÌàZg©Mr d¡{eîQ>`o doJir AmhoV.
àË`oH$ A§mÌàZg©er ñdV§ÌnUo MMm©H$éZ e§H$m
{dMméZ H$bobo {bImU Ë`m Ë`m {df`mer
gwg§JV Amho. `m nwdr© {b{hboë`m
CX`moOH$mdarb {bImU_wio aí_r ~Ýgb `m§Zm
Ambobm CX`moJ joÌmVrb AZw^d `m nwñVH$mV
ì`ŠV Pmbm Amho.
`m nwñVH$mVrb CX`moOH$m§Mr jo̧ nwU©nUo
doJdoJir AmhoV Ë`mV. gwg§ñH¥$V _{hbm
AmhoV doJdoJi`m joÌmVrb B§{O{ZAa AmhoV
nÌH$m[aVoMo Aä`mgH$, Šbmg Mmb{dUmao
{ejH$hr AmhoV. CX`moJ gwé Ho$boë`mZr
ñdV:bm Amboë`m AZw^dmdéZ àË`oH$mZo
CX`moOH$Zm {Q>ßg² - g§Xoe {Xbm Amho Vmo
Zdmo{XVm§Zm _mJ©Xe©H$ Amho. nwñVH$mV àË`oH$
CX`moOH$mMr H$V©~Jmarhr ñnîQ> {XgVoM
{edm` dmMZr` Amho. g_mOmH$[aVm Ho$bob /
H$aÊ`mM H$m_ Agb Var Ë`mbm A{W©H$
nmR>~i hdM `mVrb AZoH$m§Zr EZOrAmo Mm
AmYma KoVbm Amho H$maU \§${S>J EOÝgrO²
EZOrAmo bm A{W©H$ _XV H$aVmV Ë`m_w§io EZ
Or Amo `mZm `m H$m`m©V _hËd Amho.
Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z \§$S>g² {_idÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr J¡a
ì`dhmahr H$amdo bmJVmV Agohr EH$mM _V
Amho. E_ ~r E Mo nXdrYa H$mnm°aoQ>
H$m_mnwaVmM g§Hw${MV {dMma H$aVmV g_mOmV
BVa ~m~r H$So> Ë`m§M Xþb©j hmoV Ag{h EH$mMo
_V Amho.
gm_m{OH$ CX`moJ joÌmV Am§ÌàZg© `m§M
H$m_mM ñdén Ë`§mMr H$m_§, H$m`©joÌ H$er
AmhoV ho g_OÊ`mH$aVm nwñVH$mVrb ghm
CXmhaUo WmoS>Š`mV Imbr {Xbobr AmhoV.
Ë`mV àË`oH$mMr H$m_mMr Vi_i bjmV `oVo.
Ë`m§M {ejU d {ZdS>bobo joÌ `mV {damoYm^mg
{XgVmo. ho AZoH$m§Zm {d{MÌ dmQ>Uma Amho.
{_a°H$b Hw$[a`a H$U©~{Ya _wbm§M
- Owb¡ 2012

Yw«dm bmH$am Am°Šg\$S©> `w{Zìh{g©Q>r _Yrb H$Mè`mVyZ _m{UH$ _moVr IoiUr, nwñVH§$, \${Z©Ma, H$m°åß`yQ>a XoIrb
gmoeb Am§ÌàZg©Mo nXdrYa nwdr©Mm H$Mam doMyZ nmoQ> ^aUmè`m§M hmbmIrM Aem dñVy AgVmV Jy§O EZOrAmo AgyZhr
BÝìhoñQ>_|Q> ~±{H$J _Ybm AZw^d. AmO Vo Am`wî` gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r {X„ rÀ`m gwIdñVy Ë`m§Mo H$m_ _hËdmM dmQ>V Zmhr åhUyZ \§${S>J
Hw$[a`a ì`dgm`mV AmhoV. 2008 _Ü`o JUoe KamVrb _{hbm A{ZVm AhÿOm `m§Zr Ho$boë`m EOÝgrZo Am{W©H$ _XV {Xbr Zmhr. VWmnr
`m H$U©~{Ya _wbmbm gmo~V KoCZ _w§~B©V à`ËZmVyZ H$Mè`mVyZ {_iUmè`m ßb°mpñQ>H$ Jy§Obm BVa XoU½`m {_iVmV. dm{f©H$ ~OoQ> VrZ
{_ÌmÀ`m Kar "{_a°H$b Hw$[a`a' gwé Ho$br nmgyZ a§Jr ~|aJr AmH$f©H$ dñVy ~ZdÊ`mMr H$moQ>r én`mM Amho EHw$U aŠH$_ XoU½`m _YyZ
ì`dgm` bhmZ à_mUmV hmoVm. 2009 _Ü`o \°$ŠQ>ar AmO C^r Amho d H$Mam doMUmè`m§ Jy§O Zo ~Zdbobm Cn`wŠV dñVy§À`m {dH«$r _YyZ
Wa_°ŠgÀ`m à_wI AZy AmJm `m§Zr _w~§B©VM VrZeo OUm§Zm à{jeU XoCZ \°$ŠQ>arV H$m_ {Xb ;Xáa, `moJm _°Q>, bhmZ ~mim§Mr JmXr Õ d A§e²
Yw«dm `m§Zm OmJm {_idyZ {Xbr. Ë`m_wio Amho. H°$ar ~°½O, h±S> ~±½O², \$moëS>a, \$mB©b, `mMm {_imbobm 50 bmI én`m§À`m
ì`dgm` dmT>bm 2010 n`©§V Xa_hm 60 hOma dm°b nona, \w$Q>doAa Aem AZoH$ Cn`wŠV dñVy nwañH$mamVyZ C^r Ho$br OmVo.
{S>brìharO BVH$m ì`dgm` hmoVm. Vmo Xa_hm \°$ŠQ>arV V`ma hmoVmV. A{ZVm `m§Zr ßb°ñQ>rH$ "àH$aU -H$emgmR>r C~ogmR>r'
XmoZ bm§Imn`©§V Ý`m`Mm Amho. J«rZ \o$bmo{en [agm`H$qbJMr g§nyU© _m{hVr B§Q>aZoQ>déZ
H$Sy>Z \$ŠV gmoeb Am§ÌàZg© \o$bmo{en {Xbr KoVbr Ë`mVyZ hr {H$_`m KS>br. nVr ehX gmjaVm àgma _mo{h_
OmVo. Yw«dm `m§Zm 60 hOma S>m°ëg©Mr \o$bmo{en `m§Zr A{ZVm `m§Zm Iyn _XV Ho$br. \°$ŠQ>arV _mOr n§VàYmZ amOrd Jm§Yr `§mZr 1989
{_imbr. {_a°H$b_Yrb H$_©Mmè`§mMr g§»`m ~ZUmè`m gmè`m dñVyZm àXe©ZmV Mm§Jbr _Ü`o amîQ²r` gmjaVm {_eZ gwé Ho$b d `m
AmO 58 Amho Ë`mVrb 55 H$U©~Yra AmhoV. _mJUr Ambr naXoer nmhÿÊ`m§Zm dñVy AdKS> H$m_mgmR>r _w~§B©À`m _mYd MìhmU
AZoH$ A§nJmZm d X²îQ>rhrZ§mZm H$m_ XoÊ`mMo AmdS>ë`m Ë`m_wio {Z`m©VrMr Am°S©>a {_imbr `m§Mr {ZdS> Ho$br _mYd MìhmU _w§~B©
Yw«dm `mMo à`ËZ gwé AmhoV. {Z`m©V gwé Pmbr. hm gmam ì`dhma "H$m°ÝPd© {dX`mnrR>mMo E_ Eg² gr. A_o[aHo$Vrb nr EM
"àH$aU -AmdmO _yH$nUmMm' B§{S>`m' `m EZOrAmo _m\©$V MmbVmo. dmT>Ë`m S>r A_o[aHo$V CËV_ ZmoH$ar J«rZ H$mS©> hr gmar
_mJUr_wio ~hmXþaJS> `oWo Zdr \°$ŠQ>ar gwé Ho$br gwI S>mdbyZ Vo gmjaVm _mo{h_oV gm_rb Pmbo.
nadS>Umè`m {H$_§VrV hdr VodT>rM drO Amho d H$ÀÀ`m _mbmgmR>r - H$Mè`mgmR>r - Ymamdr Mo§~ya `o{Wb PmonS>nQ²Q>rV {eH$dm`bm
~§JbmoaMo h[af hm§S>m. Am` Am` Q>r ^§Jmadmë`mZm gm_mdyZ KoVbo Amho. " gwédmV Ho$br. _XVrbm 10dr nmg Pmbobr
IaJnya _YyZ EZOr© B§{O{ZA[a¨J Pmbobo. àH$aU - H$Mè`mVyZ _m{UH$_moVr' PmonS>nQ²Q>rVrb _wbo KoVbr. 1994 _Ü`o
ñdV:À`m kmZmMm dmna _mgog H$aVm ìhmdm `m "àW_' hr EZ Or Amo g§ñWm ñWmnZ Ho$br
{dMma§mMo. gm¡a CO}da AmYm[aV gmoba J[a~m§gmR>r H$nSo> àË`oH$ dmS>m©V _mo{h_ Mmby R>odbr. ao{S>Amo,
n°ZobÀ`m V§ÌkmZmV gwYmaUm H$éZ gm¡a `§ÌUm {X„ rMo A§ey Jwám _mg H$å`w{ZHo$eZMo XþaXe©Zda _m{bH$m gmXa H$éZ gmjaVoMm
d Ë`mda MmbUmao bmB©Q²g² h[af `m§Zr Ë`§mÀ`m nXdrYa nU nÌH$m[aHo$V a_bo ZmhrV àgma Ho$bm. ^maVmVrb AZoH$ ehamVyZ _mYd
goëH$mo \°$ŠQ>arV V`ma Ho$bo d H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb CËVaH$merV dmdaVmZm Ë`m§Zm Jar~m§À`m MìhmU `m§Zm gmjaVm _mohr_ am~dÊ`mgmR>r
J«m_rU ^mJmV drOoMo {Xdo nwadbo. Joë`m n§Yam A§Jmdarb H$nS>`mMr Q>§MmB© {Xgbr. Ë`m§Zr Am_§ÌU Ambr. {Xëbr, O`nya, bIZm¡,
dfm©V 1,20,000 KamV gm¡a `§ÌUoMo {Xdo Jar~m§H$[aVm H$nSo> O_dm`M R>adb Ë`mgmR>r Ah_Xm~mX, ~S>moXm Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUr
AmhoV. gmoZ_ hiir `m IoS>`mV Vrg Hw$Qw>§~mZr "Jy§O' hr g§ñWm ñWm{nbr. Ë`m§À`m nËZr {_Zr _mohr_ am~dbr "àW_' _YyZ nwñVH$ àH$m{eV
{_iyZ 9,500 én`m§Mr gm¡a `§ÌUm KoCZ drOooMo `m§Mr gmW hmoVrM. XmoK§hr KamoKa OmCZ H$nSo> Ho$br. bmImo {Zaja§mZm, bhmZ _moR>`m
{Xdo bmdbo AmhoV hr gmar H$_r CËnÝZmMr Jmoim H$am`Mo Vo dm°etJ_erZ _Ü`o ñdÀN> nwéfm§Zm, pñÌ`m§Zm `mMm bm^ Pmbm. gmjaVm
_§S>ir AmhoV. h[af `m§À`m Aä`mgmZwgma H$am`Mo d PmonS>nQ¥>Q>rV dmQ>m`Mo. XmoKm§À`m _mohr_ am~dUmar "àW_' hr "EZOrAmo'
gH$mir Jm`rM XþY H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r \$ŠV XmoZ H$nS>`mgH$Q> 67 H$nS>`mZr gwadmV Ho$br _Yrb/ gdm©V _moR>r/g§ñWm Amho. gwédmVrbm
Vmg drO bmJVo. åhUOo 20 d°Q>. ^oinyar Ë`m§Mr g_mOgodm AZoH$mZm AmdSy>Z bmoH$ Am` gr Am` gr Am` ~±H$, JmoXaoO g_yh,
{dH«o$Vo g§¿`mH$mir Mma Vmg drO dmnaVmV. AmnU hmoCZ Ë`m§À`mH$So> H$nSo> AmUyZ XoV `m A§~mZr, Am{PO no«_Or `m§Mr _XV KoVbr.
amoO§Xmardarb H$mam{Ja, J«m_rU _{hbm dJ© ~amo~a ñd§`§godH$m§Mr Q>r_hr AmnmoAmn V`ma AmVm A_o[aH$m, B§½bS> H$Sy>Z "àW_' bm _XV
`m§Zm Aer gm¡a`§ÌUm daXmZ Amho. hf©b `m§Zm Pmbr. ì`mn dmT>bm AmO Xa_hm 50 hOma {_iVo.
gmè`m ^maVmV gm¡a `§ÌUm Ý`m`Mr Amho. {H$bmo gm_mZ "Jy§O' H$So> O_m hmoV§ d Ë`mM "àH$aU -{dkmZ {Zð> g_mOgodH$'
"àH$aU -gw`© ZmamUmMr H¥$nm' dmQ>n Ho$b OmV. Ë`mV H$nS>`mgmo~V Mßnbm,
- Owb¡ 2012
57

58
J{UVmMo Š bmgog d Am§ÌàZg© Iwbr Pmbr d ^maVmMr Zdr {nT>r V`ma Pmbr. àË`oH$mMr H$hmUr BVH$s à^mdr Amho H$s
{ejU joÌmV hr gmoeb Am§ÌàZg© AmhoV "àH$aU -kmZ{nnmgm' Vr dmMë`mda AmnU 20 ì`ŠVtZm ^oQ>b
Vo {~hmaÀ`m nmQ>Um_Yrb Am§ZX Hw$_mamZr `m CXmhaUm IoarO AmUIr Mm¡Xm nm{hOo Ago dmMH$m§À`m _ZmV `oVo Ë`mgmR>r
XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho. J{UVm ~amo~a Am` Am` gm_m{OH$ CX`moOH$m§Mr _m{hVr Amho. `mV aí_r ~Ýgb `m§Zr àË`oH$m§Mm B©-_ob A°S´o>g
Q>r àdoe n[ajoMohr Ë`m§Mo Šbmgog AmhoV. gmaoMOU `eñdr PmboV, Ag åhUVm `oUma {Xbm Amho. aí_r ~ëgb `m§Mr nwñVH$
500 _wbm§Mr hOoar AgVo. AË`ën \$s. Ë`§mMr Zmhr H$maU H$m_mM ñdén nU ho {ZpíMV {H$ dmMë`mZ§Va nwT>rb nwñVH$ H$moUË`m {df`mda
"gwna 30' Aer EH$ ~°M Amho. Vr \$ŠV Jar~, àË`oH$ OU `emÀ`m _mJm©da nmohMÊ`mMm Amho. `mMr dmQ> nmhÊ`m BVnV CËgwH$Vm
\$s Z nadS>Umè`m nU hþema _wbmZgmR>rM à`ËZ H$aV Amho. `m gmoeb Am§ÌàZg© déZ dmMH$m§Zm bmJVo.
Amho. Ë`mV boIr n[ajm KoCZ àdoe {Xbm bjmV `oUma§ åhUOo g_mOmH$aVm H$m_ -----------------------------
OmVmo. Ë`m§À`m ñQ>S>r _Q>o[a`bMm, OodUmMm H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ joÌo AmhoV. nwñVH$ n[ajU - Jm|{dX JbJbr
IM©, Am§ZX ga ñdV:M H$éZ _mo\$V `mVrb 20 CX`moOH$mn¡H$s H$moUrhr Pob_ nÌH$ma ZJa, goZmnVr ~mnQ> amoS>,
{eH$dVmV d CËV_ V`mar H$éZ KoVmV `m Vrg H$mnm©oaoQ> joÌ {ZdS>b Zmhr. _hmË_m Jm§Yr, nwUo - 16. \$moZ Z§. 25651549.
n¡H$s 2004 _¿`o 18 OUm§Zm Am` Am` Q>r bm O`àH$me Zmam`U, {dZmo~m ^mdo `m§Zr
àdoe {_imbm Ë`mZ§Va àË`oH$ dfr© IoS>`mnmS>`mV OmCZ gm_mÝ` _mUgmgmR>r
22,26,28 _wbm§Zm Ago àdoe {_iV Jobo. H$m_ Ho$b. Am` Am` E_ dJ¢a|Mm g§Hw${MV
2008 _Ü`o Va VrgÀ`m Vrg _wbm§Zm Am` X¥îQ>rH$moZ H$mnm}aoQ> joÌm nwaVmM _`m©{XV Amho.
Am` Q>r V àdoe {_imbm. Ë`m§À`m `m {VWo _moR>çm g_ñ`m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm OmV Zmhr
CnH«$_m_wio AZoH$m§Zm Am` Am` Q>rMr Xmao Aghr EH$mZo _V _m§S>b§ Amho.
nwñVH$ n[aM`
nwñVH$ n[aM` : "Am` h°d A S´>r_'
àH$meH$ - A_o` àH$meZ, nwUo - 4.
bo{IH$m - aí_r ~Ýgb
_amR>r AZwdmX - {H$Vr© naMwao
nmZo - 400 {§H$_§V - 150/-
eãXm§Mo gm_Ï`© - `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Mo coI, gm{hË` d ^mfUo
g§nmXH$ : am_ àYmZ A_o` àH$meZ - {ÛVr`md¥Îmr - 1 OyZ 2012
_m. H¡$. lr. `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§À`m Aem ì`{º$g§~§Yr nwÝhm EH$Xm dmMVmZm EH$
OÝ_eVmãXr dfm©V øm nwñVH$mMr Xwgar Amd¥Îmr doJimM AmZ§X {_iVmo. {dMma Am{U qMVZ
A_o` àH$meZZo àH$m{eV Ho$cr Amho. ZwgVoM øm ^mJmVyZ gwÕm `ed§Vamdm§À`m àJë^,
EH$ cmoH$m§Mo ZoVo, _wËgÔr amOH$maUr, Hw$ec Mm¡\o$a d n[an¹$ Aem {dMmagaUrMr nwÝhm
àemgH$M Zìho Va `ed§VamdOr ho {VVHo$M EH$Xm AmoiI hmoVo. VH©$VrW© cú_Uemór
gm{hpË`H$ hmoVo. `ed§Vamdm§À`m ì`{º$_ËdmMo Omoer, Zm. gr. \$S>Ho$, BË`mXr _mÝ`dam§Zr
AZoH$ n¡cy hmoVo. `m darc nwñVH$mVë`m àË`oH$ Ë`m§À`m {dMma, ^mfme¡cr g§~§Yr Jm¡admoX²²>Jma
coImVyZ Ë`m§Mo AZoH$ JwU d n¡cy {XgyZ `oVmV. H$mT>coco AmhoV.
Ë`m§À`m g§nÞ Aem d¡Mm[aH$VoMr AmoiI øm ho nwñVH$ Amnë`mcm nwÝhm EH$Xm
nwñVH$mVyZ hmoVo. øm nwñVH$mMo Mma ^mJ Ho$co ^yVH$mimV KoD$Z OmD$Z `ed§Vamd d
AmhoV d Ë`mMr {d^mJUr g§ñH$ma, ì`{º$, Ë`m§À`mgma»`m AZoH$ _mÝ`dam§Mr d Ë`m§À`m
{dMma d qMVZ Aer H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho. àM§S> H$m`m©Mr nwÝhm EH$Xm AmR>dU H$éZ XoVo.
`ed§Vamdm§Mm cmoH$g§J«h àM§S> hmoVm d Ë`m§À`m ho EH$ Z¸$sM dmMZr` d g§J«hr nwñVH$ Amho.
gm{ÞÜ`mV Amcoë`m ì`{º$ åhUOo Amnë`m
g_mOmcm {_imcocr EH$ XoUJrM hmoVr. -----------------------------
Ë`mVrc AZoH$ OUm§Mm Img `ed§Vamdm§À`m nwñVH$ n[aM` : AZ§V gaXoe_wI
e¡crV Amnë`mcm øm nwñVH$mVyZ n[aM` (S>m`aoŠQ>a OZab, _amR>m M|~a d g§nmXH$
hmoVmo. ømVrc AZoH$m§Zr _hmamï>´ KS>{dcm. "g§nXm')
- Owb¡ 2012