Introduction to Planetary Science

table of contents xi
12.1.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 214
12.1.3. Evolution of the Atmosphere 215
12.1.4. Orbit of Mars 215
12.2. Surface Features: Northern Hemisphere 216
12.2.1. Tharsis Plateau 216
12.2.2. Olympus Mons 218
12.2.3. Young Lava Flows 219
12.2.4. Valles Marineris 220
12.2.5. Utopia Planitia 220
12.2.6. Soil of Utopia and Chryse 222
12.3. Surface Features: Southern Hemisphere 223
12.3.1. Hellas Impact Basin 224
12.3.2. Argyre Impact Basin 225
12.3.3. Isidis Impact Basin 225
12.3.4. Timescale for Mars 225
12.4. Volcanoes of the Southern Hemisphere 227
12.4.1. Syrtis Major Volcano 227
12.4.2. Hespera Planum 227
12.4.3. Hadriaca Patera 228
12.5. Stream Valleys 228
12.5.1. Nanedi Vallis 228
12.5.2. Nirgal Vallis 230
12.5.3. Vedra Valles 231
12.6. Impact Craters 231
12.7. Martian Meteorites 234
12.8. Water on Mars 235
12.8.1. Hydrologic Cycle 236
12.8.2. Phase Diagrams of Water and Carbon
Dioxide 238
12.8.3. Polar Ice Caps 239
12.8.4. Mountain Glaciers and Continental Ice
Sheets 241
12.9. Life on Mars 241
12.9.1. Origin and Preservation 241
12.9.2. Search for Life (Vikings) 243
12.9.3. Search for Life (ALH 84001) 243
12.9.4. Search for Life (Rovers) 244
12.10. Colonization of Mars 249
12.10.1. Travel to Mars 250
12.10.2. First Steps 251
12.10.3. Terraforming 252
12.11. Satellites 252
12.12. Summary 253
12.13. Science Briefs 254
12.14. Problems 258
12.15. Further Reading 258
13. Asteroids: Shattered Worlds 261
13.1. Classification 261
13.1.1. Spectral Types 261
13.1.2. Orbits of the Asteroids 262
13.2. Physical Properties and Celestial Mechanics 266