"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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Differential Op Amps 6.5 Differential Op Amps 6-8 The differential amplifier circuit is shown in Figure 6–7. The dummy variable, V E, is inserted to make the calculations easier, and a is the open loop gain. V1 V2 ZG ZG Figure 6–7. Differential Amplifier Circuit VE V– V+ ZF _ a + Equation 6–20 is the circuit transfer equation. V OUT aV E V V ZF VOUT (6–20) The positive input voltage, V +, is written in Equation 6–21 with the aid of superposition and the voltage divider rule. V V 2 Z F Z F Z G (6–21) The negative input voltage, V –, is written in Equation 6–22 with the aid of superposition and the voltage divider rule. V V 1 Z F Z F Z G V OUT Z G Z F Z G Combining Equations 6–20, 6–21, and 6–22 yields Equation 6–23. V OUT a V 2 Z F Z F Z G V 1 Z F Z F Z G V OUT Z G Z F Z G After algebraic manipulation, Equation 6–23 reduces to Equation 6–24. VOUT V2 V1 aZ F Z F Z G 1 aZ G Z F Z G (6–22) (6–23) (6–24) The comparison method reveals that the loop gain as shown in Equation 6–25 is identical to that shown in Equations 6–13 and 6–19.
A aZ G Z G Z F Development of the Non Ideal Op Amp Equations Differential Op Amps (6–25) Again, the loop gain, which determines stability, is only a function of the closed loop, and independent of the inputs. 6-9
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Operational Amplifier Chapter 1: Th
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1-2 problem. It seems that circuits
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1-4 you are looking in the wrong pl
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Laws of Physics 2-2 V IR (2-1) In
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Current Divider Rule 2-4 put voltag
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Thevenin’s Theorem 2-6 V theorem
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Superposition 2.6 Superposition 2-8
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Transistor Amplifier 2-10 I C I B
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Transistor Amplifier 2-12 approxima
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Ideal Op Amp Assumptions 3-2 a hard
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The Inverting Op Amp 3-4 in a curre
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The Differential Amplifier 3.5 The
Page 26 and 27: Complex Feedback Networks 3-8 Break
Page 28 and 29: Capacitors Figure 3-10. Low-Pass Fi
Page 30 and 31: 3-12
Page 32 and 33: Single Supply versus Dual Supply 4-
Page 34 and 35: Circuit Analysis 4-4 VREF VIN Figur
Page 36 and 37: Circuit Analysis 4-6 Four op amps w
Page 38 and 39: Simultaneous Equations 4.3 Simultan
Page 40 and 41: Simultaneous Equations 4-10 VOUT V
Page 42 and 43: Simultaneous Equations 4-12 VIN = 0
Page 44 and 45: Simultaneous Equations 4-14 m R F
Page 46 and 47: Simultaneous Equations 4.3.3 Case 3
Page 48 and 49: Simultaneous Equations 4-18 - Input
Page 50 and 51: Simultaneous Equations 4-20 |b| V
Page 52 and 53: Summary 4.4 Summary 4-22 Single-sup
Page 54 and 55: Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
Page 56 and 57: Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
Page 58 and 59: Feedback Equation and Stability 5.3
Page 60 and 61: Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
Page 62 and 63: Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
Page 64 and 65: Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
Page 66 and 67: Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
Page 68 and 69: References 5-16 M tangent 1 (2) (
Page 70 and 71: Review of the Canonical Equations 6
Page 72 and 73: Review of the Canonical Equations 6
Page 74 and 75: Inverting Op Amps 6-6 comparison al
Page 78 and 79: 6-10
Page 80 and 81: Internal Compensation 7-2 around in
Page 82 and 83: Internal Compensation 7-4 Damping R
Page 84 and 85: Internal Compensation AVD - Large-S
Page 86 and 87: External Compensation, Stability, a
Page 88 and 89: Dominant-Pole Compensation 7-10 VTH
Page 90 and 91: Gain Compensation 7-12 VOUT VIN a
Page 92 and 93: Lead Compensation 7-14 transfer fun
Page 94 and 95: Compensated Attenuator Applied to O
Page 96 and 97: Lead-Lag Compensation 7-18 FHASE (A
Page 98 and 99: Comparison of Compensation Schemes
Page 100 and 101: 7-22
Page 102 and 103: Development of the Stability Equati
Page 104 and 105: The Noninverting CFA Figure 8-4. No
Page 106 and 107: The Inverting CFA 8-6 The current e
Page 108 and 109: Stability Analysis 8-8 The plot in
Page 110 and 111: Selection of the Feedback Resistor
Page 112 and 113: Stability and Feedback Capacitance
Page 114 and 115: Summary 8.11 Summary 8-14 A Z1 R
Page 116 and 117: Precision 9.2 Precision 9-2 The lon
Page 118 and 119: Bandwidth 9-4 A aR G R F R G (9-2
Page 120 and 121: Stability 9.4 Stability 9-6 Substit
Page 122 and 123: Equation Comparison 9-8 R G = 100
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Characterization 10-2 Noise Signal
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Types of Noise 10.2.5 Noise Units 1
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Types of Noise 10-6 Shot noise is
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Types of Noise 10-8 Ith 4kTB R Wh
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Noise Colors Figure 10-4. Avalanche
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Op Amp Noise 10.4.3 Red/Brown Noise
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Op Amp Noise 10-14 E n Square it.
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.4 Inverting Op Am
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.6 Differential Op
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Putting It All Together 10-20 Vn Vn
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Putting It All Together 10-22 volta
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10-24
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Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
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Additional Parameter Information 11
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12-2 The ADC selection is based on
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12-4 (A) 4 V 3 V ADC 0 V Sensor Out
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12.2 Transducer Types 12-6 This is
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12-8 some value, and R X is switche
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12-10 Resolvers and synchros are po
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12-12 6) Scan the transducer and AD
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12-14 the worst case excursions of
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Table 12-3. Op Amp Selection 12-16
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12-18 this yields m = 16.16. The re
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12-20 0.97R 1 VREF(MIN) VREF 50 m
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12-22 ply contribution is reduced b
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12-24
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Wireless Systems 13-2 Signal @ - 10
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Wireless Systems 13-4 900 MHz Figur
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13.3 Selecti
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13-8 Therefo
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Factors Influencing the Choice of O
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Anti-Aliasing Filters 13-12 anti-al
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Communication D/A Converter Reconst
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External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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References 13.9 References 13-22 [1
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14-6 rat
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14-8 The
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D/A Converter Errors and Parameters
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Compensating For DAC Capacitance 14
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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14-24
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Requirements for Oscillation 15-2 u
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Gain in the Oscillator 15-4 The fre
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Active Element (Op Amp) Impact on t
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Analysis of the Oscillator Operatio
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-10
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References 15.8 References 15-22 [1
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Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-12 1st or
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Low-Pass Filter Design Example 16-1
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-16 In ord
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16.3.2.2 Mul
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Low-Pass Filter Design Second Filte
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-22 |A|
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-24 To di
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-26 Throu
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-28 |A| [
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-30 The g
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-32 out a
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-34 After
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Band-Rejection Filter Design 16-36
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-42 2 i
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All-Pass Filter Design 16.7.1 First
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-46 V IN f
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Practical Design Hints 16-48 low-pa
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Practical Design Hints V IN 16-50 C
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Practical Design Hints 16-52 If thi
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Practical Design Hints 16-54 f T 1
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Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
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16-64
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General Considerations 17.1.3 Noise
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17-4 Te
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2.2.
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Grounding 17-8 DIGITAL + DIGITAL -
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Grounding 17-10 CONNECTOR POWER SUP
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The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
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Decoupling 17-20 For example, a 0.4
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Decoupling 17-22 EQUIVALENT SERIES
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Packages 17.7 Packages 17-24 N1 IN-
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Packages 17-26 IN1 + OUT1 IN2 IN3 O
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Summary 17-28 HALF SUPPLY GOOD _ +
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17-30
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Introduction 18-2 swing at V CC = 5
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Dynamic Range 18-4 VIN VnR Figure 1
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-6 sible
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-8 VCC GN
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-10 V µ
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Shutdown and Low Current Drain 18-1
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Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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Comparison of Op Amps 18-20 When DA
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Summary 18.11 Summary 18-22 Always
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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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