"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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Block Diagram Math and Manipulations 5-4 R Figure 5–5. Multiloop Feedback System + Block diagram reduction rules: – + R + + G1 – H1 G4 Combine cascade blocks. Combine parallel blocks. Eliminate interior feedback loops. Shift summing points to the left. Shift takeoff points to the right. Repeat until canonical form is obtained. H2 G1G4(G2 + G3) 1 – G1G4H1 Figure 5–6 gives the block diagram transforms. The idea is to reduce the diagram to its canonical form because the canonical feedback loop is the simplest form of a feedback loop, and its analysis is well documented. All feedback systems can be reduced to the canonical form, so all feedback systems can be analyzed with the same math. A canonical loop exists for each input to a feedback system; although the stability dynamics are independent of the input, the output results are input dependent. The response of each input of a multiple input feedback system can be analyzed separately and added through superposition. H2 G3 G2 C + + C
A K1 K2 B Block Diagram Math and Manipulations Transformation Before Transformation After Transformation Combine Cascade Blocks Combine Parallel Blocks Eliminate a Feedback Loop Move Summer In Front of a Block Move Summer Behind a Block Move Pickoff In Front of a Block Move Pickoff Behind a Block Figure 5–6. Block Diagram Transforms A A A A B A A A + + Σ ± K1 K2 K1 K2 + K Σ Σ B ± + K ± Σ ± C B C K B K B B B A A A K1 K2 B A K1 ± K2 B K1 A 1 ± K1 K2 B Σ Feedback and Stability Theory + B K A B K A A I/K ± K 1/K + K Σ ± C B C K B K B 5-5
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Operational Amplifier Chapter 1: Th
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1-2 problem. It seems that circuits
Page 6 and 7: 1-4 you are looking in the wrong pl
Page 8 and 9: Laws of Physics 2-2 V IR (2-1) In
Page 10 and 11: Current Divider Rule 2-4 put voltag
Page 12 and 13: Thevenin’s Theorem 2-6 V theorem
Page 14 and 15: Superposition 2.6 Superposition 2-8
Page 16 and 17: Transistor Amplifier 2-10 I C I B
Page 18 and 19: Transistor Amplifier 2-12 approxima
Page 20 and 21: Ideal Op Amp Assumptions 3-2 a hard
Page 22 and 23: The Inverting Op Amp 3-4 in a curre
Page 24 and 25: The Differential Amplifier 3.5 The
Page 26 and 27: Complex Feedback Networks 3-8 Break
Page 28 and 29: Capacitors Figure 3-10. Low-Pass Fi
Page 30 and 31: 3-12
Page 32 and 33: Single Supply versus Dual Supply 4-
Page 34 and 35: Circuit Analysis 4-4 VREF VIN Figur
Page 36 and 37: Circuit Analysis 4-6 Four op amps w
Page 38 and 39: Simultaneous Equations 4.3 Simultan
Page 40 and 41: Simultaneous Equations 4-10 VOUT V
Page 42 and 43: Simultaneous Equations 4-12 VIN = 0
Page 44 and 45: Simultaneous Equations 4-14 m R F
Page 46 and 47: Simultaneous Equations 4.3.3 Case 3
Page 48 and 49: Simultaneous Equations 4-18 - Input
Page 50 and 51: Simultaneous Equations 4-20 |b| V
Page 52 and 53: Summary 4.4 Summary 4-22 Single-sup
Page 54 and 55: Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
Page 58 and 59: Feedback Equation and Stability 5.3
Page 60 and 61: Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
Page 62 and 63: Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
Page 64 and 65: Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
Page 66 and 67: Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
Page 68 and 69: References 5-16 M tangent 1 (2) (
Page 70 and 71: Review of the Canonical Equations 6
Page 72 and 73: Review of the Canonical Equations 6
Page 74 and 75: Inverting Op Amps 6-6 comparison al
Page 76 and 77: Differential Op Amps 6.5 Differenti
Page 78 and 79: 6-10
Page 80 and 81: Internal Compensation 7-2 around in
Page 82 and 83: Internal Compensation 7-4 Damping R
Page 84 and 85: Internal Compensation AVD - Large-S
Page 86 and 87: External Compensation, Stability, a
Page 88 and 89: Dominant-Pole Compensation 7-10 VTH
Page 90 and 91: Gain Compensation 7-12 VOUT VIN a
Page 92 and 93: Lead Compensation 7-14 transfer fun
Page 94 and 95: Compensated Attenuator Applied to O
Page 96 and 97: Lead-Lag Compensation 7-18 FHASE (A
Page 98 and 99: Comparison of Compensation Schemes
Page 100 and 101: 7-22
Page 102 and 103: Development of the Stability Equati
Page 104 and 105: The Noninverting CFA Figure 8-4. No
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The Inverting CFA 8-6 The current e
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Stability Analysis 8-8 The plot in
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Selection of the Feedback Resistor
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Stability and Feedback Capacitance
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Summary 8.11 Summary 8-14 A Z1 R
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Precision 9.2 Precision 9-2 The lon
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Bandwidth 9-4 A aR G R F R G (9-2
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Stability 9.4 Stability 9-6 Substit
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Equation Comparison 9-8 R G = 100
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9-10
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Characterization 10-2 Noise Signal
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Types of Noise 10.2.5 Noise Units 1
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Types of Noise 10-6 Shot noise is
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Types of Noise 10-8 Ith 4kTB R Wh
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Noise Colors Figure 10-4. Avalanche
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Op Amp Noise 10.4.3 Red/Brown Noise
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Op Amp Noise 10-14 E n Square it.
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.4 Inverting Op Am
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.6 Differential Op
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Putting It All Together 10-20 Vn Vn
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Putting It All Together 10-22 volta
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10-24
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Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
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Additional Parameter Information 11
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12-2 The ADC selection is based on
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12-4 (A) 4 V 3 V ADC 0 V Sensor Out
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12.2 Transducer Types 12-6 This is
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12-8 some value, and R X is switche
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12-10 Resolvers and synchros are po
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12-12 6) Scan the transducer and AD
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12-14 the worst case excursions of
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Table 12-3. Op Amp Selection 12-16
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12-18 this yields m = 16.16. The re
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12-20 0.97R 1 VREF(MIN) VREF 50 m
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12-22 ply contribution is reduced b
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12-24
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Wireless Systems 13-2 Signal @ - 10
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Wireless Systems 13-4 900 MHz Figur
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13.3 Selecti
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13-8 Therefo
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Factors Influencing the Choice of O
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Anti-Aliasing Filters 13-12 anti-al
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Communication D/A Converter Reconst
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External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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References 13.9 References 13-22 [1
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14-6 rat
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14-8 The
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D/A Converter Errors and Parameters
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Compensating For DAC Capacitance 14
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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14-24
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Requirements for Oscillation 15-2 u
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Gain in the Oscillator 15-4 The fre
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Active Element (Op Amp) Impact on t
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Analysis of the Oscillator Operatio
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-10
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References 15.8 References 15-22 [1
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Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-12 1st or
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Low-Pass Filter Design Example 16-1
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-16 In ord
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16.3.2.2 Mul
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Low-Pass Filter Design Second Filte
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-22 |A|
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-24 To di
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-26 Throu
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-28 |A| [
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-30 The g
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-32 out a
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-34 After
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Band-Rejection Filter Design 16-36
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-42 2 i
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All-Pass Filter Design 16.7.1 First
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-46 V IN f
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Practical Design Hints 16-48 low-pa
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Practical Design Hints V IN 16-50 C
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Practical Design Hints 16-52 If thi
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Practical Design Hints 16-54 f T 1
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Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
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16-64
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General Considerations 17.1.3 Noise
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17-4 Te
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2.2.
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Grounding 17-8 DIGITAL + DIGITAL -
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Grounding 17-10 CONNECTOR POWER SUP
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The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
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Decoupling 17-20 For example, a 0.4
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Decoupling 17-22 EQUIVALENT SERIES
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Packages 17.7 Packages 17-24 N1 IN-
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Packages 17-26 IN1 + OUT1 IN2 IN3 O
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Summary 17-28 HALF SUPPLY GOOD _ +
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17-30
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Introduction 18-2 swing at V CC = 5
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Dynamic Range 18-4 VIN VnR Figure 1
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-6 sible
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-8 VCC GN
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-10 V µ
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Shutdown and Low Current Drain 18-1
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Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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Comparison of Op Amps 18-20 When DA
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Summary 18.11 Summary 18-22 Always
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18-24
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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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