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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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Band-Pass Filter Design<br />

16-34<br />

After α has been determ<strong>in</strong>ed, all quantities of <strong>the</strong> partial filters can be calculated us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

follow<strong>in</strong>g equations:<br />

<strong>The</strong> mid frequency of filter 1 is:<br />

f m1 fm<br />

<br />

<strong>the</strong> mid frequency of filter 2 is:<br />

f m2 fm·<br />

with f m be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> mid frequency of <strong>the</strong> overall forth-order band-pass filter.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual pole quality, Q i, is <strong>the</strong> same for both filters:<br />

Q i Q· 1 2b 1<br />

·a 1<br />

with Q be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> quality factor of <strong>the</strong> overall filter.<br />

(16–14)<br />

(16–15)<br />

(16–16)<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual ga<strong>in</strong> (A mi) at <strong>the</strong> partial mid frequencies, f m1 and f m2, is <strong>the</strong> same for both<br />

filters:<br />

Ami Qi Q ·<br />

<br />

Am<br />

B 1<br />

with A m be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ga<strong>in</strong> at mid frequency, f m, of <strong>the</strong> overall filter.<br />

Example 16–6. Fourth-Order Butterworth Band-Pass Filter<br />

(16–17)<br />

<strong>The</strong> task is to design a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass with <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g parameters:<br />

mid frequency, f m = <strong>10</strong> kHz<br />

bandwidth, B = <strong>10</strong>00 Hz<br />

and ga<strong>in</strong>, A m = 1<br />

From Table 16–2 <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g values are obta<strong>in</strong>ed:<br />

a1 = 1.4142<br />

b1 = 1<br />

α = 1.036

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