"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

More documents

Recommendations

Info

High-Pass Filter Design 16-26 Through coefficient comparison with Equation 16–5, obtain the following relations: A C C 2 a 1 2C C 2 cR 1 CC 2 b 1 2C C 2 cR 1 CC 2 Given capacitors C and C 2, and solving for resistors R 1 and R 2: 1 2A R1 R 2 2fc·C·a 1 a 1 2fc·b 1 C 2 (1 2A) The passband gain (A ∞) of a MFB high-pass filter can vary significantly due to the wide tolerances of the two capacitors C and C 2. To keep the gain variation at a minimum, it is necessary to use capacitors with tight tolerance values. 16.4.3 Higher-Order High-Pass Filter Likewise, as with the low-pass filters, higher-order high-pass filters are designed by cascading first-order and second-order filter stages. The filter coefficients are the same ones used for the low-pass filter design, and are listed in the coefficient tables (Tables 16–4 through 16–10 in Section 16.9). Example 16–4. Third-Order High-Pass Filter with f C = 1 kHz First Filter The task is to design a third-order unity-gain Bessel high-pass filter with the corner frequency f C = 1 kHz. Obtain the coefficients for a third-order Bessel filter from Table 16–4, Section 16.9: ai Filter 1 a1 = 0.756 bi b1 = 0 Filter 2 a 2 = 0.9996 b 2 = 0.4772 and compute each partial filter by specifying the capacitor values and calculating the required resistor values. With C 1 = 100 nF,
Second Filter R 1 1 2fca1C1 Closest 1% value is 2.1 kΩ. With C = 100nF, Active Filter Design Techniques Band-Pass Filter Design 1 2·103Hz·0.756·100·109 2.105 k F R1 1 1 fcCa1 ·103 ·100·109 3.18 k ·0.756 Closest 1% value is 3.16 kΩ. R 2 a 1 4fcCb 1 Closest 1% value is 1.65 kΩ. Figure 16–30 shows the final filter circuit. V IN 100n 2.10k 0.9996 4·103 ·100·109 1.67 k ·0.4772 100n 100n 3.16k Figure 16–30. Third-Order Unity-Gain Bessel High-Pass 16.5 Band-Pass Filter Design 1.65k In Section 16.4, a high-pass response was generated by replacing the term S in the lowpass transfer function with the transformation 1/S. Likewise, a band-pass characteristic is generated by replacing the S term with the transformation: 1 (16–7) s 1 s In this case, the passband characteristic of a low-pass filter is transformed into the upper passband half of a band-pass filter. The upper passband is then mirrored at the mid frequency, f m (Ω=1), into the lower passband half. V OUT 16-27
Page 1:
Operational Amplifier Chapter 1: Th
Page 4 and 5:
1-2 problem. It seems that circuits
Page 6 and 7:
1-4 you are looking in the wrong pl
Page 8 and 9:
Laws of Physics 2-2 V IR (2-1) In
Page 10 and 11:
Current Divider Rule 2-4 put voltag
Page 12 and 13:
Thevenin’s Theorem 2-6 V theorem
Page 14 and 15:
Superposition 2.6 Superposition 2-8
Page 16 and 17:
Transistor Amplifier 2-10 I C I B
Page 18 and 19:
Transistor Amplifier 2-12 approxima
Page 20 and 21:
Ideal Op Amp Assumptions 3-2 a hard
Page 22 and 23:
The Inverting Op Amp 3-4 in a curre
Page 24 and 25:
The Differential Amplifier 3.5 The
Page 26 and 27:
Complex Feedback Networks 3-8 Break
Page 28 and 29:
Capacitors Figure 3-10. Low-Pass Fi
Page 30 and 31:
3-12
Page 32 and 33:
Single Supply versus Dual Supply 4-
Page 34 and 35:
Circuit Analysis 4-4 VREF VIN Figur
Page 36 and 37:
Circuit Analysis 4-6 Four op amps w
Page 38 and 39:
Simultaneous Equations 4.3 Simultan
Page 40 and 41:
Simultaneous Equations 4-10 VOUT V
Page 42 and 43:
Simultaneous Equations 4-12 VIN = 0
Page 44 and 45:
Simultaneous Equations 4-14 m R F
Page 46 and 47:
Simultaneous Equations 4.3.3 Case 3
Page 48 and 49:
Simultaneous Equations 4-18 - Input
Page 50 and 51:
Simultaneous Equations 4-20 |b| V
Page 52 and 53:
Summary 4.4 Summary 4-22 Single-sup
Page 54 and 55:
Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
Page 56 and 57:
Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
Page 58 and 59:
Feedback Equation and Stability 5.3
Page 60 and 61:
Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
Page 62 and 63:
Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
Page 64 and 65:
Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
Page 66 and 67:
Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
Page 68 and 69:
References 5-16 M tangent 1 (2) (
Page 70 and 71:
Review of the Canonical Equations 6
Page 72 and 73:
Review of the Canonical Equations 6
Page 74 and 75:
Inverting Op Amps 6-6 comparison al
Page 76 and 77:
Differential Op Amps 6.5 Differenti
Page 78 and 79:
6-10
Page 80 and 81:
Internal Compensation 7-2 around in
Page 82 and 83:
Internal Compensation 7-4 Damping R
Page 84 and 85:
Internal Compensation AVD - Large-S
Page 86 and 87:
External Compensation, Stability, a
Page 88 and 89:
Dominant-Pole Compensation 7-10 VTH
Page 90 and 91:
Gain Compensation 7-12 VOUT VIN a
Page 92 and 93:
Lead Compensation 7-14 transfer fun
Page 94 and 95:
Compensated Attenuator Applied to O
Page 96 and 97:
Lead-Lag Compensation 7-18 FHASE (A
Page 98 and 99:
Comparison of Compensation Schemes
Page 100 and 101:
7-22
Page 102 and 103:
Development of the Stability Equati
Page 104 and 105:
The Noninverting CFA Figure 8-4. No
Page 106 and 107:
The Inverting CFA 8-6 The current e
Page 108 and 109:
Stability Analysis 8-8 The plot in
Page 110 and 111:
Selection of the Feedback Resistor
Page 112 and 113:
Stability and Feedback Capacitance
Page 114 and 115:
Summary 8.11 Summary 8-14 A Z1 R
Page 116 and 117:
Precision 9.2 Precision 9-2 The lon
Page 118 and 119:
Bandwidth 9-4 A aR G R F R G (9-2
Page 120 and 121:
Stability 9.4 Stability 9-6 Substit
Page 122 and 123:
Equation Comparison 9-8 R G = 100
Page 124 and 125:
9-10
Page 126 and 127:
Characterization 10-2 Noise Signal
Page 128 and 129:
Types of Noise 10.2.5 Noise Units 1
Page 130 and 131:
Types of Noise 10-6 Shot noise is
Page 132 and 133:
Types of Noise 10-8 Ith 4kTB R Wh
Page 134 and 135:
Noise Colors Figure 10-4. Avalanche
Page 136 and 137:
Op Amp Noise 10.4.3 Red/Brown Noise
Page 138 and 139:
Op Amp Noise 10-14 E n Square it.
Page 140 and 141:
Op Amp Noise 10.5.4 Inverting Op Am
Page 142 and 143:
Op Amp Noise 10.5.6 Differential Op
Page 144 and 145:
Putting It All Together 10-20 Vn Vn
Page 146 and 147:
Putting It All Together 10-22 volta
Page 148 and 149:
10-24
Page 150 and 151:
Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Additional Parameter Information 11
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
12-2 The ADC selection is based on
Page 174 and 175:
12-4 (A) 4 V 3 V ADC 0 V Sensor Out
Page 176 and 177:
12.2 Transducer Types 12-6 This is
Page 178 and 179:
12-8 some value, and R X is switche
Page 180 and 181:
12-10 Resolvers and synchros are po
Page 182 and 183:
12-12 6) Scan the transducer and AD
Page 184 and 185:
12-14 the worst case excursions of
Page 186 and 187:
Table 12-3. Op Amp Selection 12-16
Page 188 and 189:
12-18 this yields m = 16.16. The re
Page 190 and 191:
12-20 0.97R 1 VREF(MIN) VREF 50 m
Page 192 and 193:
12-22 ply contribution is reduced b
Page 194 and 195:
12-24
Page 196 and 197:
Wireless Systems 13-2 Signal @ - 10
Page 198 and 199:
Wireless Systems 13-4 900 MHz Figur
Page 200 and 201:
Selection of ADCs/DACs 13.3 Selecti
Page 202 and 203:
Selection of ADCs/DACs 13-8 Therefo
Page 204 and 205:
Factors Influencing the Choice of O
Page 206 and 207:
Anti-Aliasing Filters 13-12 anti-al
Page 208 and 209:
Communication D/A Converter Reconst
Page 210 and 211:
External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
Page 212 and 213:
High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
Page 214 and 215:
High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
Page 216 and 217:
References 13.9 References 13-22 [1
Page 218 and 219:
Understanding the D/A Converter and
Page 220 and 221:
Understanding the D/A Converter and
Page 222 and 223:
D/A Converter Error Budget 14-6 rat
Page 224 and 225:
D/A Converter Error Budget 14-8 The
Page 226 and 227:
D/A Converter Errors and Parameters
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Compensating For DAC Capacitance 14
Page 236 and 237:
Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
Page 238 and 239: Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
Page 240 and 241: 14-24
Page 242 and 243: Requirements for Oscillation 15-2 u
Page 244 and 245: Gain in the Oscillator 15-4 The fre
Page 246 and 247: Active Element (Op Amp) Impact on t
Page 248 and 249: Analysis of the Oscillator Operatio
Page 250 and 251: Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-10
Page 262 and 263: References 15.8 References 15-22 [1
Page 264 and 265: Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
Page 274 and 275: Low-Pass Filter Design 16-12 1st or
Page 276 and 277: Low-Pass Filter Design Example 16-1
Page 278 and 279: Low-Pass Filter Design 16-16 In ord
Page 280 and 281: Low-Pass Filter Design 16.3.2.2 Mul
Page 282 and 283: Low-Pass Filter Design Second Filte
Page 284 and 285: High-Pass Filter Design 16-22 |A|
Page 286 and 287: High-Pass Filter Design 16-24 To di
Page 290 and 291: Band-Pass Filter Design 16-28 |A| [
Page 292 and 293: Band-Pass Filter Design 16-30 The g
Page 294 and 295: Band-Pass Filter Design 16-32 out a
Page 296 and 297: Band-Pass Filter Design 16-34 After
Page 298 and 299: Band-Rejection Filter Design 16-36
Page 304 and 305: All-Pass Filter Design 16-42 2 i
Page 306 and 307: All-Pass Filter Design 16.7.1 First
Page 308 and 309: All-Pass Filter Design 16-46 V IN f
Page 310 and 311: Practical Design Hints 16-48 low-pa
Page 312 and 313: Practical Design Hints V IN 16-50 C
Page 314 and 315: Practical Design Hints 16-52 If thi
Page 316 and 317: Practical Design Hints 16-54 f T 1
Page 318 and 319: Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
Page 326 and 327: 16-64
Page 328 and 329: General Considerations 17.1.3 Noise
Page 330 and 331: PCB Mechanical Construction 17-4 Te
Page 332 and 333: PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2.2.
Page 334 and 335: Grounding 17-8 DIGITAL + DIGITAL -
Page 336 and 337: Grounding 17-10 CONNECTOR POWER SUP
Page 338 and 339:
The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Decoupling 17-20 For example, a 0.4
Page 348 and 349:
Decoupling 17-22 EQUIVALENT SERIES
Page 350 and 351:
Packages 17.7 Packages 17-24 N1 IN-
Page 352 and 353:
Packages 17-26 IN1 + OUT1 IN2 IN3 O
Page 354 and 355:
Summary 17-28 HALF SUPPLY GOOD _ +
Page 356 and 357:
17-30
Page 358 and 359:
Introduction 18-2 swing at V CC = 5
Page 360 and 361:
Dynamic Range 18-4 VIN VnR Figure 1
Page 362 and 363:
Input Common-Mode Range 18-6 sible
Page 364 and 365:
Input Common-Mode Range 18-8 VCC GN
Page 366 and 367:
Input Common-Mode Range 18-10 V µ
Page 368 and 369:
Shutdown and Low Current Drain 18-1
Page 370 and 371:
Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
Page 372 and 373:
DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
Page 374 and 375:
DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
Page 376 and 377:
Comparison of Op Amps 18-20 When DA
Page 378 and 379:
Summary 18.11 Summary 18-22 Always
Page 380 and 381:
18-24
show all

"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?