"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-20 R1 10 kΩ 2.5 V C1 +5 V _ + TLV2474 Figure 15–20. Quadrature Oscillator VOUT = 2 V/div 10 nF R3 10 kΩ VOUT SINE C2 10 nF VOUT COSINE R2 10 kΩ + _ C3 10 nF Time = 500 µs/div Figure 15–21. Output of the Circuit in Figure 15–20 TLV2474 VOUT Sine VOUT Cosine
15.7.6 Conclusion Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits Op amp oscillators are restricted to the lower end of the frequency spectrum because they do not have the required bandwidth to achieve low phase shift at high frequencies. The new current-feedback op amps have a much greater bandwidth than the voltage-feedback op amps, but are very difficult to use in oscillator circuits because of their sensitivity to feedback capacitance. Voltage-feedback op amps are limited to tens of Hz (at the most!) because of their low frequency rolloff. The bandwidth is reduced when op amps are cascaded due to the multiple contribution of phase shift. The Wien bridge oscillator has few parts and good frequency stability, but the basic circuit has a high output distortion. AGC improves the distortion considerably, particularly at the lower frequency range. Nonlinear feedback offers the best performance over the mid and upper frequency ranges. The phase shift oscillator has lower output distortion and, without buffering, requires a high gain, which limits the use to very low frequencies. Decreasing cost of op amps and components has reduced the popularity of the phase shift oscillators. The quadrature oscillator only requires two op amps, has reasonable distortion, and offers both sine and cosine waveforms. The drawback is the low amplitude, which may require a higher gain and a reduction in bandwidth, or an additional gain stage. May your oscillators always oscillate, and your amplifiers always amplify. Sine Wave Oscillators 15-21
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Operational Amplifier Chapter 1: Th
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1-2 problem. It seems that circuits
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1-4 you are looking in the wrong pl
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Laws of Physics 2-2 V IR (2-1) In
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Current Divider Rule 2-4 put voltag
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Thevenin’s Theorem 2-6 V theorem
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Superposition 2.6 Superposition 2-8
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Transistor Amplifier 2-10 I C I B
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Transistor Amplifier 2-12 approxima
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Ideal Op Amp Assumptions 3-2 a hard
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The Inverting Op Amp 3-4 in a curre
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The Differential Amplifier 3.5 The
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Complex Feedback Networks 3-8 Break
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Capacitors Figure 3-10. Low-Pass Fi
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3-12
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Single Supply versus Dual Supply 4-
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Circuit Analysis 4-4 VREF VIN Figur
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Circuit Analysis 4-6 Four op amps w
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3 Simultan
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Simultaneous Equations 4-10 VOUT V
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Simultaneous Equations 4-12 VIN = 0
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Simultaneous Equations 4-14 m R F
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3.3 Case 3
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Simultaneous Equations 4-18 - Input
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Simultaneous Equations 4-20 |b| V
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Summary 4.4 Summary 4-22 Single-sup
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Feedback Equation and Stability 5.3
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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References 5-16 M tangent 1 (2) (
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Review of the Canonical Equations 6
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Review of the Canonical Equations 6
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Inverting Op Amps 6-6 comparison al
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Differential Op Amps 6.5 Differenti
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6-10
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Internal Compensation 7-2 around in
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Internal Compensation 7-4 Damping R
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Internal Compensation AVD - Large-S
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External Compensation, Stability, a
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Dominant-Pole Compensation 7-10 VTH
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Gain Compensation 7-12 VOUT VIN a
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Lead Compensation 7-14 transfer fun
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Compensated Attenuator Applied to O
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Lead-Lag Compensation 7-18 FHASE (A
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Comparison of Compensation Schemes
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7-22
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Development of the Stability Equati
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The Noninverting CFA Figure 8-4. No
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The Inverting CFA 8-6 The current e
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Stability Analysis 8-8 The plot in
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Selection of the Feedback Resistor
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Stability and Feedback Capacitance
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Summary 8.11 Summary 8-14 A Z1 R
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Precision 9.2 Precision 9-2 The lon
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Bandwidth 9-4 A aR G R F R G (9-2
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Stability 9.4 Stability 9-6 Substit
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Equation Comparison 9-8 R G = 100
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9-10
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Characterization 10-2 Noise Signal
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Types of Noise 10.2.5 Noise Units 1
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Types of Noise 10-6 Shot noise is
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Types of Noise 10-8 Ith 4kTB R Wh
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Noise Colors Figure 10-4. Avalanche
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Op Amp Noise 10.4.3 Red/Brown Noise
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Op Amp Noise 10-14 E n Square it.
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.4 Inverting Op Am
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.6 Differential Op
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Putting It All Together 10-20 Vn Vn
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Putting It All Together 10-22 volta
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10-24
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Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
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Additional Parameter Information 11
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12-2 The ADC selection is based on
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12-4 (A) 4 V 3 V ADC 0 V Sensor Out
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12.2 Transducer Types 12-6 This is
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12-8 some value, and R X is switche
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12-10 Resolvers and synchros are po
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12-12 6) Scan the transducer and AD
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12-14 the worst case excursions of
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Table 12-3. Op Amp Selection 12-16
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12-18 this yields m = 16.16. The re
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12-20 0.97R 1 VREF(MIN) VREF 50 m
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12-22 ply contribution is reduced b
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12-24
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Wireless Systems 13-2 Signal @ - 10
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Wireless Systems 13-4 900 MHz Figur
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13.3 Selecti
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13-8 Therefo
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Factors Influencing the Choice of O
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Anti-Aliasing Filters 13-12 anti-al
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Communication D/A Converter Reconst
Page 210 and 211: External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
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Page 216 and 217: References 13.9 References 13-22 [1
Page 218 and 219: Understanding the D/A Converter and
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Page 222 and 223: D/A Converter Error Budget 14-6 rat
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Page 236 and 237: Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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Page 242 and 243: Requirements for Oscillation 15-2 u
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Page 264 and 265: Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
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Page 296 and 297: Band-Pass Filter Design 16-34 After
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Page 306 and 307: All-Pass Filter Design 16.7.1 First
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Practical Design Hints 16-48 low-pa
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Practical Design Hints V IN 16-50 C
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Practical Design Hints 16-52 If thi
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Practical Design Hints 16-54 f T 1
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Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
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16-64
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General Considerations 17.1.3 Noise
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17-4 Te
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2.2.
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Grounding 17-8 DIGITAL + DIGITAL -
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Grounding 17-10 CONNECTOR POWER SUP
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The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
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Decoupling 17-20 For example, a 0.4
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Decoupling 17-22 EQUIVALENT SERIES
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Packages 17.7 Packages 17-24 N1 IN-
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Packages 17-26 IN1 + OUT1 IN2 IN3 O
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Summary 17-28 HALF SUPPLY GOOD _ +
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17-30
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Introduction 18-2 swing at V CC = 5
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Dynamic Range 18-4 VIN VnR Figure 1
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-6 sible
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-8 VCC GN
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-10 V µ
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Shutdown and Low Current Drain 18-1
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Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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Comparison of Op Amps 18-20 When DA
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Summary 18.11 Summary 18-22 Always
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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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