"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DACs 13-16 P 1 1 2C 1 R 1 P 2 1 2C 1 R 1 j 1 2C1R1 j 1 2C1R1 TLE2227 VIN R1 VO REF – C2 42.2 Ω 1.2 µF C1 (REF +) 0.047 µF Figure 13–8. Voltage Reference Filter Circuit R2 2.15 kΩ (13–7) (13–8) The zero in the numerator of the transfer function improves the relative stability of the circuit. Resistor R 2 should be kept fairly low, since a small amount of bias current flows through it and causes dc error and noise. Resistor R 1 value ranges from 10 Ω to 50 Ω. Resistor R 1 is in the feedback loop, so any small leakage current that is due to capacitor C 1 flows through R1and the voltage dropped across R 1 is divided by the loop gain. For all practical purposes, the voltage across C 2 is 0 V and hence give rise to negligible leakage current. A design example for a 3-kHz bandwidth filter is illustrated: Choose C1 = 1.2 µF and R1 = 42.2 Ω. Having determined the value for C1 and R1, the capacitor C2 value is estimated to be approximately 4% to 5% of C1 value (C2 = 0.047 µF) and resistor R2 is calculated using the approximation C 2R 2 = 2C 1R 1 (R2 = 2.15 kΩ). The calculated –3-dB bandwidth for the circuit is 3.1 kHz and this value agrees with the circuit’s frequency response plot shown in Figure 13–9. This circuit topology is good for driving large capacitive loads.
VOUT – dB 20 0 –20 –40 –60 –80 –100 –120 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz Amplitude 100 kHz f – Frequency Figure 13–9. Voltage Follower Frequency Response Plot 10 V VREF 1 MHz External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DACs Phase 10 MHz –300 100 MHz Figure 13–10 shows an external reference circuit that provides a wide adjustment range of the ADC full-scale range. Resistors R281 and R282 play two roles in this circuit: Form part of the low-pass filter used to rolloff noise Isolate the ADC’s reference input load capacitance from the buffer op amp output Potentiometer R247 sets the external common-mode voltage (Vocm) for the differential amplifier in Figure 13–11. R2 2.21 kΩ R100 2 kΩ R246 2 kΩ POT R9 1.1 kΩ POT R1 1.05 kΩ TLE2227 TLE2227 R247 2 kΩ POT R282 10 Ω R281 10 Ω Figure 13–10. External Voltage Reference Circuit for ADC/DAC. C196 R296 10 Ω C197 Wireless Communication: Signal Conditioning for IF Sampling 50 0 –50 –100 –150 –200 –250 φ – Phase – Degrees 4.7 µF 4.7 µF REF – VOCM OUTPUT REF + 13-17
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Operational Amplifier Chapter 1: Th
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1-2 problem. It seems that circuits
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1-4 you are looking in the wrong pl
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Laws of Physics 2-2 V IR (2-1) In
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Current Divider Rule 2-4 put voltag
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Thevenin’s Theorem 2-6 V theorem
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Superposition 2.6 Superposition 2-8
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Transistor Amplifier 2-10 I C I B
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Transistor Amplifier 2-12 approxima
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Ideal Op Amp Assumptions 3-2 a hard
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The Inverting Op Amp 3-4 in a curre
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The Differential Amplifier 3.5 The
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Complex Feedback Networks 3-8 Break
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Capacitors Figure 3-10. Low-Pass Fi
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3-12
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Single Supply versus Dual Supply 4-
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Circuit Analysis 4-4 VREF VIN Figur
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Circuit Analysis 4-6 Four op amps w
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3 Simultan
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Simultaneous Equations 4-10 VOUT V
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Simultaneous Equations 4-12 VIN = 0
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Simultaneous Equations 4-14 m R F
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3.3 Case 3
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Simultaneous Equations 4-18 - Input
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Simultaneous Equations 4-20 |b| V
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Summary 4.4 Summary 4-22 Single-sup
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Feedback Equation and Stability 5.3
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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References 5-16 M tangent 1 (2) (
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Review of the Canonical Equations 6
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Review of the Canonical Equations 6
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Inverting Op Amps 6-6 comparison al
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Differential Op Amps 6.5 Differenti
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6-10
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Internal Compensation 7-2 around in
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Internal Compensation 7-4 Damping R
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Internal Compensation AVD - Large-S
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External Compensation, Stability, a
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Dominant-Pole Compensation 7-10 VTH
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Gain Compensation 7-12 VOUT VIN a
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Lead Compensation 7-14 transfer fun
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Compensated Attenuator Applied to O
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Lead-Lag Compensation 7-18 FHASE (A
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Comparison of Compensation Schemes
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7-22
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Development of the Stability Equati
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The Noninverting CFA Figure 8-4. No
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The Inverting CFA 8-6 The current e
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Stability Analysis 8-8 The plot in
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Selection of the Feedback Resistor
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Stability and Feedback Capacitance
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Summary 8.11 Summary 8-14 A Z1 R
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Precision 9.2 Precision 9-2 The lon
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Bandwidth 9-4 A aR G R F R G (9-2
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Stability 9.4 Stability 9-6 Substit
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Equation Comparison 9-8 R G = 100
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9-10
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Characterization 10-2 Noise Signal
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Types of Noise 10.2.5 Noise Units 1
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Types of Noise 10-6 Shot noise is
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Types of Noise 10-8 Ith 4kTB R Wh
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Noise Colors Figure 10-4. Avalanche
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Op Amp Noise 10.4.3 Red/Brown Noise
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Op Amp Noise 10-14 E n Square it.
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.4 Inverting Op Am
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Op Amp Noise 10.5.6 Differential Op
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Putting It All Together 10-20 Vn Vn
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Putting It All Together 10-22 volta
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10-24
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Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
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Additional Parameter Information 11
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Additional Parameter Information 11
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Page 178 and 179: 12-8 some value, and R X is switche
Page 180 and 181: 12-10 Resolvers and synchros are po
Page 182 and 183: 12-12 6) Scan the transducer and AD
Page 184 and 185: 12-14 the worst case excursions of
Page 186 and 187: Table 12-3. Op Amp Selection 12-16
Page 188 and 189: 12-18 this yields m = 16.16. The re
Page 190 and 191: 12-20 0.97R 1 VREF(MIN) VREF 50 m
Page 192 and 193: 12-22 ply contribution is reduced b
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Page 196 and 197: Wireless Systems 13-2 Signal @ - 10
Page 198 and 199: Wireless Systems 13-4 900 MHz Figur
Page 200 and 201: Selection of ADCs/DACs 13.3 Selecti
Page 202 and 203: Selection of ADCs/DACs 13-8 Therefo
Page 204 and 205: Factors Influencing the Choice of O
Page 206 and 207: Anti-Aliasing Filters 13-12 anti-al
Page 208 and 209: Communication D/A Converter Reconst
Page 212 and 213: High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
Page 214 and 215: High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
Page 216 and 217: References 13.9 References 13-22 [1
Page 218 and 219: Understanding the D/A Converter and
Page 220 and 221: Understanding the D/A Converter and
Page 222 and 223: D/A Converter Error Budget 14-6 rat
Page 224 and 225: D/A Converter Error Budget 14-8 The
Page 226 and 227: D/A Converter Errors and Parameters
Page 234 and 235: Compensating For DAC Capacitance 14
Page 236 and 237: Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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Page 242 and 243: Requirements for Oscillation 15-2 u
Page 244 and 245: Gain in the Oscillator 15-4 The fre
Page 246 and 247: Active Element (Op Amp) Impact on t
Page 248 and 249: Analysis of the Oscillator Operatio
Page 250 and 251: Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-10
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-20
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References 15.8 References 15-22 [1
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Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-12 1st or
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Low-Pass Filter Design Example 16-1
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-16 In ord
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16.3.2.2 Mul
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Low-Pass Filter Design Second Filte
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-22 |A|
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-24 To di
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-26 Throu
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-28 |A| [
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-30 The g
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-32 out a
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-34 After
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Band-Rejection Filter Design 16-36
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-42 2 i
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All-Pass Filter Design 16.7.1 First
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-46 V IN f
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Practical Design Hints 16-48 low-pa
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Practical Design Hints V IN 16-50 C
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Practical Design Hints 16-52 If thi
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Practical Design Hints 16-54 f T 1
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Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
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16-64
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General Considerations 17.1.3 Noise
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17-4 Te
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2.2.
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Grounding 17-8 DIGITAL + DIGITAL -
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Grounding 17-10 CONNECTOR POWER SUP
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The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
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Decoupling 17-20 For example, a 0.4
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Decoupling 17-22 EQUIVALENT SERIES
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Packages 17.7 Packages 17-24 N1 IN-
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Packages 17-26 IN1 + OUT1 IN2 IN3 O
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Summary 17-28 HALF SUPPLY GOOD _ +
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17-30
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Introduction 18-2 swing at V CC = 5
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Dynamic Range 18-4 VIN VnR Figure 1
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-6 sible
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-8 VCC GN
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-10 V µ
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Shutdown and Low Current Drain 18-1
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Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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Comparison of Op Amps 18-20 When DA
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Summary 18.11 Summary 18-22 Always
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18-24
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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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