"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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Equation Comparison 9-8 R G = 100 Ω or 50 Ω depending on the circuit configuration. This sets the circuit input impedance at 100 Ω. This analysis is not entirely accurate because R B adds to the input impedance, but this addition is very small and dependent on IC parameters. CFA op amp circuits are usually limited to noninverting voltage applications, but they serve very well in inverting applications that are current-driven. The CFA is limited to the bipolar process because that process offers the highest speed. The option of changing process to BIFET or CMOS to gain increased input impedance is not attractive today. Although this seems like a limiting factor, it is not because CFAs are often used in low impedance where the inputs are terminated in 50 Ω or 75 Ω. Also, most very high-speed applications require low impedances. 9.6 Equation Comparison The pertinent VFA and CFA equations are repeated in Table 9–1. Notice that the ideal closed-loop gain equations for the inverting and noninverting circuits are identical. The ideal equations for the VFA depend on the op amp gain, a, being very large thus making Aβ large compared to one. The CFA needs two assumptions to be valid to obtain the ideal equations. First, the ideal equations for the CFA depend on the op amp transimpedance, Z, being very large thus making Aβ large compared to one. Second, R B must be very small compared to Z F||Z G. The ideal gain equations are identical, but the applications are very different because the VFA is best applied to lower frequency precision jobs while the CFA applications are in the very high frequency realm. The transimpedance in a CFA acts much like the gain does in a VFA. In each case, transimpedance or gain, it is the parameter that enables the use of feedback.
Table 9–1. Tabulation of Pertinent VFA and CFA Equations CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION Forward or direct gain Actual closed loop gain CURRENT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER NONINVERTING Z1 Z F Z G Z 1 F Z B Z F Z G ZF 1 ZB ZG ZF1 ZB ZFZG 1 Z F 1 Z ZB 1ZB ZFZG Closed loop gain 1 Z F Z G INVERTING Forward or direct gain Z Z 1 G Z B Z F Z G VOLTAGE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER Voltage- and Current-Feedback Op Amp Comparison a a 1 aZ G Z F Z G 1 Z F Z G Equation Comparison aZ F Z F Z G Ideal loop gain ZZ F 1 Z B Z F Z G aZ G Z G Z F Actual closed loop gain Z G1 Z B Z FZ G 1 Z Z F1 Z B Z FZ G Closed loop gain Z F Z G aZ F Z FZ G 1 aZ G Z FZ G Z F Z G 9-9
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Operational Amplifier Chapter 1: Th
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1-2 problem. It seems that circuits
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1-4 you are looking in the wrong pl
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Laws of Physics 2-2 V IR (2-1) In
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Current Divider Rule 2-4 put voltag
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Thevenin’s Theorem 2-6 V theorem
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Superposition 2.6 Superposition 2-8
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Transistor Amplifier 2-10 I C I B
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Transistor Amplifier 2-12 approxima
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Ideal Op Amp Assumptions 3-2 a hard
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The Inverting Op Amp 3-4 in a curre
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The Differential Amplifier 3.5 The
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Complex Feedback Networks 3-8 Break
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Capacitors Figure 3-10. Low-Pass Fi
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3-12
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Single Supply versus Dual Supply 4-
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Circuit Analysis 4-4 VREF VIN Figur
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Circuit Analysis 4-6 Four op amps w
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3 Simultan
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Simultaneous Equations 4-10 VOUT V
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Simultaneous Equations 4-12 VIN = 0
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Simultaneous Equations 4-14 m R F
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3.3 Case 3
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Simultaneous Equations 4-18 - Input
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Simultaneous Equations 4-20 |b| V
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Summary 4.4 Summary 4-22 Single-sup
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Feedback Equation and Stability 5.3
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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References 5-16 M tangent 1 (2) (
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Review of the Canonical Equations 6
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Page 86 and 87: External Compensation, Stability, a
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Page 96 and 97: Lead-Lag Compensation 7-18 FHASE (A
Page 98 and 99: Comparison of Compensation Schemes
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Page 106 and 107: The Inverting CFA 8-6 The current e
Page 108 and 109: Stability Analysis 8-8 The plot in
Page 110 and 111: Selection of the Feedback Resistor
Page 112 and 113: Stability and Feedback Capacitance
Page 114 and 115: Summary 8.11 Summary 8-14 A Z1 R
Page 116 and 117: Precision 9.2 Precision 9-2 The lon
Page 118 and 119: Bandwidth 9-4 A aR G R F R G (9-2
Page 120 and 121: Stability 9.4 Stability 9-6 Substit
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Page 126 and 127: Characterization 10-2 Noise Signal
Page 128 and 129: Types of Noise 10.2.5 Noise Units 1
Page 130 and 131: Types of Noise 10-6 Shot noise is
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Page 134 and 135: Noise Colors Figure 10-4. Avalanche
Page 136 and 137: Op Amp Noise 10.4.3 Red/Brown Noise
Page 138 and 139: Op Amp Noise 10-14 E n Square it.
Page 140 and 141: Op Amp Noise 10.5.4 Inverting Op Am
Page 142 and 143: Op Amp Noise 10.5.6 Differential Op
Page 144 and 145: Putting It All Together 10-20 Vn Vn
Page 146 and 147: Putting It All Together 10-22 volta
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Page 150 and 151: Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
Page 156 and 157: Additional Parameter Information 11
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12-2 The ADC selection is based on
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12-4 (A) 4 V 3 V ADC 0 V Sensor Out
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12.2 Transducer Types 12-6 This is
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12-8 some value, and R X is switche
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12-10 Resolvers and synchros are po
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12-12 6) Scan the transducer and AD
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12-14 the worst case excursions of
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Table 12-3. Op Amp Selection 12-16
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12-18 this yields m = 16.16. The re
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12-20 0.97R 1 VREF(MIN) VREF 50 m
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12-22 ply contribution is reduced b
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12-24
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Wireless Systems 13-2 Signal @ - 10
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Wireless Systems 13-4 900 MHz Figur
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13.3 Selecti
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Selection of ADCs/DACs 13-8 Therefo
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Factors Influencing the Choice of O
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Anti-Aliasing Filters 13-12 anti-al
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Communication D/A Converter Reconst
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External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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References 13.9 References 13-22 [1
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14-6 rat
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14-8 The
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D/A Converter Errors and Parameters
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Compensating For DAC Capacitance 14
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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14-24
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Requirements for Oscillation 15-2 u
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Gain in the Oscillator 15-4 The fre
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Active Element (Op Amp) Impact on t
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Analysis of the Oscillator Operatio
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15-10
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References 15.8 References 15-22 [1
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Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-12 1st or
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Low-Pass Filter Design Example 16-1
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16-16 In ord
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Low-Pass Filter Design 16.3.2.2 Mul
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Low-Pass Filter Design Second Filte
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-22 |A|
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-24 To di
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High-Pass Filter Design 16-26 Throu
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-28 |A| [
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-30 The g
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-32 out a
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Band-Pass Filter Design 16-34 After
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Band-Rejection Filter Design 16-36
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-42 2 i
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All-Pass Filter Design 16.7.1 First
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All-Pass Filter Design 16-46 V IN f
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Practical Design Hints 16-48 low-pa
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Practical Design Hints V IN 16-50 C
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Practical Design Hints 16-52 If thi
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Practical Design Hints 16-54 f T 1
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Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
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16-64
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General Considerations 17.1.3 Noise
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17-4 Te
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PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2.2.
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Grounding 17-8 DIGITAL + DIGITAL -
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Grounding 17-10 CONNECTOR POWER SUP
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The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
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Decoupling 17-20 For example, a 0.4
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Decoupling 17-22 EQUIVALENT SERIES
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Packages 17.7 Packages 17-24 N1 IN-
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Packages 17-26 IN1 + OUT1 IN2 IN3 O
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Summary 17-28 HALF SUPPLY GOOD _ +
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17-30
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Introduction 18-2 swing at V CC = 5
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Dynamic Range 18-4 VIN VnR Figure 1
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-6 sible
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-8 VCC GN
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Input Common-Mode Range 18-10 V µ
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Shutdown and Low Current Drain 18-1
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Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface 18
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Comparison of Op Amps 18-20 When DA
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Summary 18.11 Summary 18-22 Always
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18-24
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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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