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"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

"Chapter 1 - The Op Amp's Place in the World" - HTL Wien 10

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Equation Comparison<br />

9-8<br />

R G = <strong>10</strong>0 Ω or 50 Ω depend<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> circuit configuration. This sets <strong>the</strong> circuit <strong>in</strong>put impedance<br />

at <strong>10</strong>0 Ω. This analysis is not entirely accurate because R B adds to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>put impedance,<br />

but this addition is very small and dependent on IC parameters. CFA op amp<br />

circuits are usually limited to non<strong>in</strong>vert<strong>in</strong>g voltage applications, but <strong>the</strong>y serve very well<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>vert<strong>in</strong>g applications that are current-driven.<br />

<strong>The</strong> CFA is limited to <strong>the</strong> bipolar process because that process offers <strong>the</strong> highest speed.<br />

<strong>The</strong> option of chang<strong>in</strong>g process to BIFET or CMOS to ga<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>in</strong>put impedance<br />

is not attractive today. Although this seems like a limit<strong>in</strong>g factor, it is not because CFAs<br />

are often used <strong>in</strong> low impedance where <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>puts are term<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>in</strong> 50 Ω or 75 Ω. Also,<br />

most very high-speed applications require low impedances.<br />

9.6 Equation Comparison<br />

<strong>The</strong> pert<strong>in</strong>ent VFA and CFA equations are repeated <strong>in</strong> Table 9–1. Notice that <strong>the</strong> ideal<br />

closed-loop ga<strong>in</strong> equations for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vert<strong>in</strong>g and non<strong>in</strong>vert<strong>in</strong>g circuits are identical. <strong>The</strong><br />

ideal equations for <strong>the</strong> VFA depend on <strong>the</strong> op amp ga<strong>in</strong>, a, be<strong>in</strong>g very large thus mak<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Aβ large compared to one. <strong>The</strong> CFA needs two assumptions to be valid to obta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> ideal<br />

equations. First, <strong>the</strong> ideal equations for <strong>the</strong> CFA depend on <strong>the</strong> op amp transimpedance,<br />

Z, be<strong>in</strong>g very large thus mak<strong>in</strong>g Aβ large compared to one. Second, R B must be very small<br />

compared to Z F||Z G.<br />

<strong>The</strong> ideal ga<strong>in</strong> equations are identical, but <strong>the</strong> applications are very different because <strong>the</strong><br />

VFA is best applied to lower frequency precision jobs while <strong>the</strong> CFA applications are <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> very high frequency realm. <strong>The</strong> transimpedance <strong>in</strong> a CFA acts much like <strong>the</strong> ga<strong>in</strong> does<br />

<strong>in</strong> a VFA. In each case, transimpedance or ga<strong>in</strong>, it is <strong>the</strong> parameter that enables <strong>the</strong> use<br />

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