SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases

SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases

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(1997). While the prosecutor can attack a defendant's credibility, "the prosecutor may not elicit evidence of the defendant's silence, his request for an attorney, or the discussions the defendant had with his attorney to argue that the defendant fabricated his story." Id. at 691 (holding improper an argument "that because the defendant sat through all the Commonwealth's evidence he was able to fabricate a cover story tailored to answer every detail of the evidence against him"). Similarly, a prosecutor may not argue that a defendant "used his access to the Commonwealth's evidence before trial to conform his testimony falsely to fit the evidence against him." Commonwealth v. Ewinq, 67 Mass. App. Ct. 531, 542 (2006). Such an argument infringes on the defendant's "right to prepare far trial." a. C. Application of Law to Facta. The prosecutor deliberately and repeatedly violated the defendant's right not to be punished for exercising his constitutional rights by invoking Greineder's pretrial silence and opportunity to hear the evidence at trial when he urged the jury to reject his testimony. The prosecutor relied heavily in cross-examination, over objection, and closing argument on Greineder's failure to disclose prior to trial that he attempted to pick up his wife three times. According to the prosecutor, the fact 18

that Greineder had never mentioned this detail before was cause to deem it a fabrication. This is exactly the argument prohibited by law! Greineder was entitled to wait until trial to disclose his detailed account, and the fact that he chose to do so was not grounds for arguing that he should be disbelieved. This serious error was compounded by the prosecutor's exploitation of Greineder's right toprepare for trial and to be present during trial by repeatedly implying that Greineder's testimony was fabricated to meet the Commonwealth's case-in-chief. Further, he implied that Greineder'a testimony was concocted to buttress testimony provided by Stuart James.' Those suggestions were constitutionally impermissible. The repeated and intentional misconduct here amounted to a concerted assault on the defendant's credibility, a key issue in the case. No curative instructions were ever given, and reversal is required. IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ADMITTING IRRELEVANT AND HIGHLY PREJUDICIAL EVIDENCE ABOUT GREINEDER' S EXTRAMARITAL SEXUAL ACTIVITIES. A. Statement of Relevant Facta. The prosecutor had absolutely no good faith basis to believe that Greineder had spoken to James over the weekend prior to hi8 testimony, yet he asked questiona regarding auch an imagined conversation and argued in closing that the nonexistent conversation took place. a, -, Commonwealth v. Fordham, 417 Mass. 10, 20 (1994) (error €or prosecutor "to communicate impressions by innuendo through questions which are answered in the negative ... when the questioner has no evidence to support the innuendo"). 19

(1997). While the prosecutor can attack a defendant's<br />

credibility, "the prosecutor may not elicit evidence of<br />

the defendant's silence, his request for an attorney, or<br />

the discussions the defendant had with his attorney to<br />

argue that the defendant fabricated his story." Id. at<br />

691 (holding improper an argument "that because the<br />

defendant sat through all the Commonwealth's evidence he<br />

was able to fabricate a cover story tailored to answer<br />

every detail of the evidence against him"). Similarly, a<br />

prosecutor may not argue that a defendant "used his<br />

access to the Commonwealth's evidence before trial to<br />

conform his testimony falsely to fit the evidence against<br />

him." Commonwealth v. Ewinq, 67 <strong>Mass</strong>. App. Ct. 531, 542<br />

(2006). Such an argument infringes on the defendant's<br />

"right to prepare far trial." a.<br />

C. Application of Law to Facta.<br />

The prosecutor deliberately and repeatedly violated<br />

the defendant's right not to be punished for exercising<br />

his constitutional rights by invoking Greineder's<br />

pretrial silence and opportunity to hear the evidence at<br />

trial when he urged the jury to reject his testimony. The<br />

prosecutor relied heavily in cross-examination, over<br />

objection, and closing argument on Greineder's failure to<br />

disclose prior to trial that he attempted to pick up his<br />

wife three times. According to the prosecutor, the fact<br />

18

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