SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases

SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases

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on direct examination. Commonwealth v. Markvart, 437 Mass. 331, 338-339 (2002). (” [Aln expert‘s direct examination is not a vehicle for the introduction of facts in evidence (other than those the expert directly observed). . . .“) Thus, in Commonwealth v. Evans, 438 Mass. 142, 152 (2002), this Court held that the trial court erred in permitting a laboratory technician to testify about the results of testing performed by someone else. Similarly, in Commonwealth v. McNickles, 434 Mass. 839, 855-857 (2001), the Court concluded that Dr. Cotton ahould not have been permitted to testify on direct examination about observations made by other Cellmark analysts. :f. Commonwealth v. Saarks, 433 Mass. 654, 659- 660 (2001) (no error in admitting Dr. Cotton’s testimony about test results where she conducted “an independent review of the empirical data separate and apart from the review undertaken by [the analyst]“ which “encompassed all that the original [staff scientist had done] .“); Commonwealth v. Rill, 54 Mass. App. Ct. 690, 694-697 (2002) (to the same effect) .‘ Hill (and presumably Suarks) involved older DNA testing methodologies where Cellmark’s case folder contained all of the raw empirical data relied upon by the technical analysts in interpreting test results. See Hill, 54 Mass. App. Ct. at 695, n.5. In the instant case, however, both the testing methodology employed and the contents of Cellmark’s case folder were dramatically different. Here, the printed electropherograms constituted ahridged versions of the raw, electronic data produced by the testing process, and explanations for the subjective, discr@tionary interpretations made by the technical analyst, critical to shaping Cellmark’s reported (continued.. .) 6 - 10

This Court held in Bmmonwealth v. Nardi, 452 Mass. 379 (2008). that it was error for a doctor to testify about findings in another doctor's autopsy report which involved the exercise of judgment and discretian. a. at 393. Presentation of those findings through another witness was "inadmissible hearsay and testimonial in nature." a. at 392. As this Court recognized in Nardi, Crawford v. Washinqton, 541 U.S. 36 (20041, established a constitutional bar to the admission of test results through a witness who did not perform the testing. C. Application of Law to Facts. Dr. Cotton's testimony reporting the DNA test results generated by Wendy Magee was blatant, testimonial hearsay. Admission of that evidence, over objection, violated Greineder's rights to confrontation under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments and Article XII. While Dr. Cotton did review the case file, she did not examine the raw, unfiltered, empirical data. Rather, she only saw what remained after Magee instructed the computer which data to filter out and which peaks to label as DNA alleles. She was thus not competent to interpret or opine about the xaw data, which she had never seen, ox explain the decisions made by Wendy Magee and the technical 6(...continued) test results, were unknown to the testifying witness 11

on direct examination. Commonwealth v. Markvart, 437<br />

<strong>Mass</strong>. 331, 338-339 (2002). (” [Aln expert‘s direct<br />

examination is not a vehicle for the introduction of<br />

facts in evidence (other than those the expert directly<br />

observed). . . .“) Thus, in Commonwealth v. Evans, 438 <strong>Mass</strong>.<br />

142, 152 (2002), this Court held that the trial court<br />

erred in permitting a laboratory technician to testify<br />

about the results of testing performed by someone else.<br />

Similarly, in Commonwealth v. McNickles, 434 <strong>Mass</strong>. 839,<br />

855-857 (2001), the Court concluded that Dr. Cotton<br />

ahould not have been permitted to testify on direct<br />

examination about observations made by other Cellmark<br />

analysts. :f. Commonwealth v. Saarks, 433 <strong>Mass</strong>. 654, 659-<br />

660 (2001) (no error in admitting Dr. Cotton’s testimony<br />

about test results where she conducted “an independent<br />

review of the empirical data separate and apart from the<br />

review undertaken by [the analyst]“ which “encompassed<br />

all that the original [staff scientist had done] .“);<br />

Commonwealth v. Rill, 54 <strong>Mass</strong>. App. Ct. 690, 694-697<br />

(2002) (to the same effect) .‘<br />

Hill (and presumably Suarks) involved older DNA testing<br />

methodologies where Cellmark’s case folder contained all of the raw<br />

empirical data relied upon by the technical analysts in interpreting<br />

test results. See Hill, 54 <strong>Mass</strong>. App. Ct. at 695, n.5. In the<br />

instant case, however, both the testing methodology employed and the<br />

contents of Cellmark’s case folder were dramatically different.<br />

Here, the printed electropherograms constituted ahridged versions of<br />

the raw, electronic data produced by the testing process, and<br />

explanations for the subjective, discr@tionary interpretations made<br />

by the technical analyst, critical to shaping Cellmark’s reported<br />

(continued.. .)<br />

6 -<br />

10

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