SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT DIRK GKEINEDER - Mass Cases
on direct examination. Commonwealth v. Markvart, 437 Mass. 331, 338-339 (2002). (” [Aln expert‘s direct examination is not a vehicle for the introduction of facts in evidence (other than those the expert directly observed). . . .“) Thus, in Commonwealth v. Evans, 438 Mass. 142, 152 (2002), this Court held that the trial court erred in permitting a laboratory technician to testify about the results of testing performed by someone else. Similarly, in Commonwealth v. McNickles, 434 Mass. 839, 855-857 (2001), the Court concluded that Dr. Cotton ahould not have been permitted to testify on direct examination about observations made by other Cellmark analysts. :f. Commonwealth v. Saarks, 433 Mass. 654, 659- 660 (2001) (no error in admitting Dr. Cotton’s testimony about test results where she conducted “an independent review of the empirical data separate and apart from the review undertaken by [the analyst]“ which “encompassed all that the original [staff scientist had done] .“); Commonwealth v. Rill, 54 Mass. App. Ct. 690, 694-697 (2002) (to the same effect) .‘ Hill (and presumably Suarks) involved older DNA testing methodologies where Cellmark’s case folder contained all of the raw empirical data relied upon by the technical analysts in interpreting test results. See Hill, 54 Mass. App. Ct. at 695, n.5. In the instant case, however, both the testing methodology employed and the contents of Cellmark’s case folder were dramatically different. Here, the printed electropherograms constituted ahridged versions of the raw, electronic data produced by the testing process, and explanations for the subjective, discr@tionary interpretations made by the technical analyst, critical to shaping Cellmark’s reported (continued.. .) 6 - 10
This Court held in Bmmonwealth v. Nardi, 452 Mass. 379 (2008). that it was error for a doctor to testify about findings in another doctor's autopsy report which involved the exercise of judgment and discretian. a. at 393. Presentation of those findings through another witness was "inadmissible hearsay and testimonial in nature." a. at 392. As this Court recognized in Nardi, Crawford v. Washinqton, 541 U.S. 36 (20041, established a constitutional bar to the admission of test results through a witness who did not perform the testing. C. Application of Law to Facts. Dr. Cotton's testimony reporting the DNA test results generated by Wendy Magee was blatant, testimonial hearsay. Admission of that evidence, over objection, violated Greineder's rights to confrontation under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments and Article XII. While Dr. Cotton did review the case file, she did not examine the raw, unfiltered, empirical data. Rather, she only saw what remained after Magee instructed the computer which data to filter out and which peaks to label as DNA alleles. She was thus not competent to interpret or opine about the xaw data, which she had never seen, ox explain the decisions made by Wendy Magee and the technical 6(...continued) test results, were unknown to the testifying witness 11
- Page 1 and 2: NORFOLK. ss. COMMONWEALTH OF MASSAC
- Page 3 and 4: 3. Greineder's direct testimony. .
- Page 5 and 6: VI. VII. d. Greineder is entitled t
- Page 7 and 8: 4 . Counsel's failure to move to su
- Page 9 and 10: Miller v. Harvey, 566 F.2d 879 (4th
- Page 11 and 12: Commonwealth v. Carter, 39 Mass. Ap
- Page 13 and 14: Commonwealth v. Martinez, 425 Mass.
- Page 15 and 16: FitzDatrick v. Allen, 410 Mass. 791
- Page 17 and 18: STATEMENT OF THE CASE Dirk K. Grein
- Page 19 and 20: First of all, we are in Room 8. The
- Page 21 and 22: logistical reasons for closure.3 As
- Page 23 and 24: inculpatory DNA test results linkin
- Page 25: testified that Greineder could not
- Page 29 and 30: of his Miranda rights. a. at 112-12
- Page 31 and 32: up Ms. Greineder . Greineder replie
- Page 33 and 34: waives that right and makes volunta
- Page 35 and 36: that Greineder had never mentioned
- Page 37 and 38: they render the trial fundamentally
- Page 39 and 40: Prior to trial, the Commonwealth ma
- Page 41 and 42: gets to that point [i.e., to commit
- Page 43 and 44: States, 17 F.2d 973, 976 (5th Cir.
- Page 45 and 46: 399 Mass. 17, 21 n.5 (1987). In Gal
- Page 47 and 48: 1. Rebeiro's trial testimony was fa
- Page 49 and 50: As noted above, many jurisdictions
- Page 51 and 52: deliberations. Judge Chernoff is co
- Page 53 and 54: where the jury had experimented wit
- Page 55 and 56: jury, if “a judge learns that a j
- Page 57 and 58: consideration of the factors outlin
- Page 59 and 60: moments" of insight, which "helped"
- Page 61 and 62: Commonwealth v. Curnin, 409 Mass. 2
- Page 63 and 64: In evaluating a claim of ineffectiv
- Page 65 and 66: DNA test results withstands scrutin
- Page 67 and 68: In any event, if filing such a moti
- Page 69 and 70: subject to exclusion on that ground
- Page 71 and 72: esults were effectively unchallenge
- Page 73 and 74: emains unrebutted, and Dr. Brenner'
- Page 75 and 76: precisely what the Constitution pro
on direct examination. Commonwealth v. Markvart, 437<br />
<strong>Mass</strong>. 331, 338-339 (2002). (” [Aln expert‘s direct<br />
examination is not a vehicle for the introduction of<br />
facts in evidence (other than those the expert directly<br />
observed). . . .“) Thus, in Commonwealth v. Evans, 438 <strong>Mass</strong>.<br />
142, 152 (2002), this Court held that the trial court<br />
erred in permitting a laboratory technician to testify<br />
about the results of testing performed by someone else.<br />
Similarly, in Commonwealth v. McNickles, 434 <strong>Mass</strong>. 839,<br />
855-857 (2001), the Court concluded that Dr. Cotton<br />
ahould not have been permitted to testify on direct<br />
examination about observations made by other Cellmark<br />
analysts. :f. Commonwealth v. Saarks, 433 <strong>Mass</strong>. 654, 659-<br />
660 (2001) (no error in admitting Dr. Cotton’s testimony<br />
about test results where she conducted “an independent<br />
review of the empirical data separate and apart from the<br />
review undertaken by [the analyst]“ which “encompassed<br />
all that the original [staff scientist had done] .“);<br />
Commonwealth v. Rill, 54 <strong>Mass</strong>. App. Ct. 690, 694-697<br />
(2002) (to the same effect) .‘<br />
Hill (and presumably Suarks) involved older DNA testing<br />
methodologies where Cellmark’s case folder contained all of the raw<br />
empirical data relied upon by the technical analysts in interpreting<br />
test results. See Hill, 54 <strong>Mass</strong>. App. Ct. at 695, n.5. In the<br />
instant case, however, both the testing methodology employed and the<br />
contents of Cellmark’s case folder were dramatically different.<br />
Here, the printed electropherograms constituted ahridged versions of<br />
the raw, electronic data produced by the testing process, and<br />
explanations for the subjective, discr@tionary interpretations made<br />
by the technical analyst, critical to shaping Cellmark’s reported<br />
(continued.. .)<br />
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