Beginning SQL

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Chapter 5 174 In Oracle and IBM’s DB2, the following SQL is correct: SELECT LastName, CONCAT(LOWER(SUBSTR(LastName,1,1)), SUBSTR(LastName,2,LENGTH(LastName) - 1)) FROM MemberDetails; Although the function names are different among the different database systems, the principles are the same, so the examples here concentrate on the SQL Server version. The tricky part of the SQL is the line shown below, so it’s helpful to break it down into parts: LOWER(SUBSTRING(LastName,1,1)) + SUBSTRING(LastName,2,LEN(LastName) - 1) The first part is as follows: LOWER(SUBSTRING(LastName,1,1)) This is the bit that changes the case of the first letter to lowercase. SUBSTRING(LastName,1,1) extracts the first character, and then the LOWER() function converts that character to lowercase. The second part is as follows: SUBSTRING(LastName,2,LEN(LastName) - 1) This part extracts all the characters from the string except the first one. The code uses the function to find out how many characters there are and passes as its argument of the SUBSTRING() function that value minus 1 as the number of characters to be extracted. The two parts are then concatenated, or joined together, using the + concatenation operator. Executing the query yields the following results: LastName LOWER(SUBSTRING(LastName,1,1)) + SUBSTRING(LastName,2,LEN(LastName) - 1) Smith smith Simons simons Night night Jones jones Jones jones Johnson johnson Jackson jackson Hills hills Hawthorn hawthorn Gee gee
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Beginning SQL Paul Wilton and John
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Beginning SQL Paul Wilton and John
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About the Authors Paul Wilton After
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Paul Wilton: With lots of love to m
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Contents x Selecting Correct Data T
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Contents xii Re-examining NULL 180
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Contents Chapter 11: Transactions 3
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Contents xvi How Do You Do It? 357
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Introduction Data, data, data! Data
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By the time you’ve completed Chap
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Once you download the code, just de
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1 Introduction to SQL A nice, gentl
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Figure 1-1 Why and When to Use a Da
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Databases are great at dealing with
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The SQL language is actually fairly
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you wish, and the database system d
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A keyword is a word that has some m
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Introduction to SQL A perfectly val
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Data Type Description Storage Used
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The char and varchar data types use
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Most RDBMSs handle the most common
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To add a new column, use the basic
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Now that you know what you want to
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❑ Meeting date 2 ❑ Location 2
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Generally speaking, picking a data
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example, the MemberId field links t
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Depending on which RDBMS you’re u
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The FilmCategory table is very smal
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2 Entering Information The last cha
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like this: INSERT INTO Category VAL
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Inserting Data into the Case Study
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The WHERE Clause So far you’ve se
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Try It Out Using Logical Operators
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Exercises 1. Three new members have
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Chapter 3 54 MemberId FirstName 1 K
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Chapter 3 The results are as follow
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Chapter 3 The results to this query
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Chapter 3 FavCategory (CategoryId,
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Chapter 3 Logical Operators and Ope
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Chapter 3 The statement returns the
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Chapter 3 NOT Operator Examples thu
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Chapter 3 2. Using the following SQ
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Chapter 3 When you execute the quer
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Chapter 3 Now that you’re acquain
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Chapter 3 It’s as simple as that!
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Chapter 3 76 YearReleased 1947 1967
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Chapter 3 78 FilmName Rating Gone w
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Chapter 3 2. Add a WHERE clause to
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Chapter 3 Executing this SQL provid
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Chapter 3 84 FullName First name is
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Chapter 3 86 FullName First name is
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Chapter 3 Even though DateOfBirth i
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Chapter 3 Member Name The member is
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Chapter 3 92 The preceding SQL prod
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Chapter 3 94 ❑ Category ❑ FavCa
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Chapter 3 96 You’re one step furt
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Chapter 3 98 FirstName LastName Cat
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Chapter 3 This time, you achieve mo
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Chapter 3 SQL Is Set-Based 102 You
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Chapter 3 104 Category MemberId Thr
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Chapter 3 106 You should see the fo
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Chapter 3 The overlapping portions
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Chapter 3 110 More than one conditi
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Chapter 3 112 Next, link the Member
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Chapter 3 114 FirstName LastName Da
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Chapter 3 ❑ The slightly tricky t
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Chapter 4 normalization can make da
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Chapter 4 120 Field Name Data Type
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Chapter 4 122 The Street, City, and
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Chapter 4 MySQL versions prior to 5
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Chapter 4 126 Except for IBM’s DB
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Chapter 4 128 You can add more than
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Chapter 4 Try It Out Adding a CHECK
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Chapter 4 Obviously, if the table i
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Chapter 4 134 Drop the MoreHolidayB
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Chapter 4 136 If you want to return
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Chapter 4 If you’re using IBM DB2
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Chapter 4 140 index helps speed up
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Chapter 4 142 The results you get m
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Chapter 4 144 The results of the qu
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Chapter 4 146 Remember, IBM DB2 doe
Page 336: Chapter 4 148 UPDATE Films SET Film
Page 340: Chapter 4 150 Finally, you do the s
Page 344: Chapter 4 152 SELECT * FROM MemberD
Page 348: Chapter 4 ❑ Choose meaningful nam
Page 354: 5 Manipulating Data In Chapter 3, y
Page 358: The results of this query are as fo
Page 362: You can raise a number to any power
Page 366: To demonstrate the sort of results
Page 370: The CEILING() Function The CEILING(
Page 374: ased on the digits after the decima
Page 378: The SUBSTRING() function works at t
Page 382: LastName UPPER(LastName) LOWER(Last
Page 386: The LENGTH() function takes just on
Page 392: Chapter 5 176 FirstName SOUNDEX(Fir
Page 396: Chapter 5 Date Functions 178 Someti
Page 400: Chapter 5 The syntax for the CAST()
Page 404: Chapter 5 NULLs and Strings 182 NUL
Page 408: Chapter 5 184 SELECT FirstName, Las
Page 412: Chapter 5 186 This SQL copies over
Page 416: Chapter 5 You also learned that mat
Page 420: Chapter 6 190 Begin by looking at h
Page 424: Chapter 6 This section covers queri
Page 428: Chapter 6 194 This query gives the
Page 432: Chapter 6 You’re almost there. Yo
Page 436: Chapter 6 the database even though
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Chapter 6 SELECT Category, AVG(DVDP
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Chapter 6 Try It Out Selecting Data
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Chapter 6 SELECT Category, COUNT(Fa
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7 Selecting Data from Different Tab
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Selecting Data from Different Table
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Note that MS Access insists that yo
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City State Orange Town New State Wi
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SELECT FM1.FilmName FROM Films AS F
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Selecting Data from Different Table
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effects of any WHERE clause. There
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Now re-execute the query. You get a
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the category list and a list of whi
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Category FirstName LastName Horror
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You can join the results from two o
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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function and the query still works,
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Summary Selecting Data from Differe
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Chapter 8 A WHERE clause is added t
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Chapter 8 238 FilmName PlotSummary
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Chapter 8 If you think that your jo
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Chapter 8 In the query, the Categor
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Chapter 8 244 There is one area in
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Chapter 8 246 SELECT FirstName, Las
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Chapter 8 248 The subquery (SELECT
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Chapter 8 250 Notice the use of the
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Chapter 8 4. You should receive the
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Chapter 8 254 This inner query retu
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Chapter 8 It’s quite important no
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Chapter 8 258 To tackle this query,
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Chapter 8 260 Now you need to find
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9 Advanced Queries In database prog
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FOREIGN KEY (OrderId) REFERENCES Or
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INSERT INTO Orders(OrderId, MemberI
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INSERT INTO OrderItems(OrderId,Film
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A more complex question could be,
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Advanced Queries What you really wa
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FirstName and LastName. You need to
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2. The film club chairperson also w
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Executing the preceding query provi
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GROUP BY SalesPerson.SalesPersonId,
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Executing the preceding SQL creates
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❑ Use IN with your subqueries. Wh
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10 Views Views, as the name implies
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Try It Out Building a View 1. The p
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FROM dbo.MemberDetails INNER JOIN d
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For example, you might want a list
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However, if you take the case of Me
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However, someone writes a query tha
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Summary As you learned, views are l
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Chapter 11 The information that fol
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Chapter 11 This SQL adds formats (d
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Chapter 11 TRANSACTION statement is
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Chapter 11 Additionally, if a DBMS
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Chapter 11 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION 310
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Chapter 11 Transaction Logs 312 How
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Chapter 11 Database There are perfe
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Chapter 11 In order to find and fix
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Chapter 11 When discussing locking,
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Chapter 11 Usually, the default iso
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Chapter 11 From Sue’s perspective
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Chapter 11 5. At this point, you ne
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12 SQL Security In today’s world,
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Setting up security begins with cre
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ALTER USER username options ALTER U
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In Figure 12-3, three different gro
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How It Works After you run this sta
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check constraints can be used in a
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You could then give SELECT privileg
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Limitations on Views Views are by t
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GRANT SELECT (NAME, SSN, SALARY) ON
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Betsey also grants privileges to Ji
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The CASCADE option tells the DBMS t
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13 Database Tuning SQL is a languag
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Perhaps this doesn’t sound remote
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When an application asks for data f
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The point of all the discussion of
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How Do You Do It? And herein lies t
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The slots are often implemented as
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On the other hand, an index on a tr
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Tuning Tips The following list cont
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Database Tuning Exercises 1. Create
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Appendix A Exercise 2 Solution 368
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Appendix A ( 8, ‘Jack’, ‘John
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Appendix A ZipCode, Email, DateOfJo
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Appendix A Exercise 3 Solution Firs
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Appendix A 376 Figure A-1 ISBN is a
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Appendix A Chapter 5 Exercise 1 Sol
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Appendix A 380 You might receive sl
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Appendix A 382 You should use the f
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Appendix A Your answer may differ,
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Appendix A WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) f
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Appendix A Exercise 2 Solution CREA
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Appendix A Chapter 13 Exercise 1 So
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Appendix B 392 Click the database i
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Appendix B 394 Click Install to beg
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Appendix B 396 Select the Detailed
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Appendix B 398 Leave it at the defa
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Appendix B 400 Having entered your
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Appendix B 402 Figure B-20 The inst
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Appendix B 404 At the very top of t
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Appendix B 406 Having done that, ma
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Appendix B 408 Figure B-30 MyTable
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Appendix B 410 Figure B-32 Click Ne
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Appendix B 412 Click Next to contin
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Appendix B 414 Click OK to clear th
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Appendix B If you’re ready and ha
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Appendix B 418 You can also enter a
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Appendix B 420 Figure B-49 The Film
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Appendix B 422 Now you need to inse
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Appendix B 424 In Access it’s not
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Appendix B 426 Figure B-56 You need
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Appendix B 428 Then click the Run i
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Appendix B 430 The next screen (see
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Appendix B 432 On the next screen,
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Appendix B 434 Click Next to procee
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Appendix B 436 Figure B-72 The huge
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Appendix B 438 Figure B-74 Notice t
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Appendix B 440 Figure B-76 The Obje
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Appendix B 442 Figure B-78 Chapter
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Appendix B You don’t need MyTable
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Appendix B 446 Figure B-82 To begin
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Appendix B Using Oracle’s SQL*Plu
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Appendix B 450 Figure B-87 Another
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Appendix C Category Table The follo
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Appendix C 454 ( 3, ‘Sandra’,
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Appendix C 456 ZipCode, Email, Date
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Appendix C DateOfJoining ) VALUES (
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Appendix C 460 VALUES ( 1, 3 ); INS
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Appendix C VALUES ( 5, 3 ); INSERT
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Appendix C 464 3 ); INSERT INTO Fil
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Appendix C 5, 6 ); INSERT INTO Film
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Appendix C 468 5 ); INSERT INTO Att
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Appendix C Oracle 470 To save some
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Appendix C 472 LocationId, MeetingD
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Symbols + (addition operator), 82,
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BEGIN TRANSACTION statement, 306, 3
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SERIALIZABLE statement, 318 SET TRA
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data types brackets, 25 categories,
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Oracle concatenation, 85-88 configu
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error messages debugging, 26 subque
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concatenation, 85-88 data type comp
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primary keys database creation exam
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concurrent connection selection, 39
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passwords group access, 333 IBM ins
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ROLLBACK statement, 307-308 ROLLBAC
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REPEATABLE READ, 319 REVOKE, 344-34
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telephone numbers, data type select
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historical, data selection, 90-94 N
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Beginning SQL

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