Beginning SQL

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delimiters delimiters, 41 DESC keyword, 142 descending sorting order, 76 design efficiency, 30 good database design principles data division specifics, 29–32 data needs, obtaining and analyzing, 28–29 data type selection considerations, 32–33 primary key fields, 33–35 validation and efficiency, 153–154 indexes b-tree structure, 357–358 character, 168–169 CREATE INDEX statement, 140 doubly linked lists, 359 dropping, 360 multicolumn, 154 results, speeding up, 139–143 when to use, 360–361 normalization guidelines discussed, 117 first normal form, 118–119 second normal form, 119–121 third normal form, 121–123 transitive dependency, 121 validation CHECK constraint, 125, 129–132 design improvement, 153–154 FOREIGN KEY constraint, 135–139 NOT NULL constraint, 124–125 performance improvement, 145–149 PRIMARY KEY constraint, 132–134 UNIQUE constraint, 125–129 design views, Microsoft Access installation, 427 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 350 DIFFERENCE() function, 175–177 discussion groups, author and peer, 5–6 484 DISTINCT keyword SELECT statement, 55–56, 194 SUM() function, 197 division operator (/), 158 DML (Data Manipulation Language), 11 doubly linked lists, indexes, 359 downloading Command Center tool, 416 Microsoft SQL Server, 429 Oracle, 444 Query Analyzer tool, 435 Query Browser tool, 401 source code, 4–5 drive specification, MySQL installation, 397 DROP COLUMN statement, 27 DROP DATABASE statement, 18 DROP INDEX statement, 141, 143 DROP TABLE statement, 27 DROP USER statement, 331 DROP VIEW statement, 298 dropping indexes, 360 duplication, data duplicated values, avoiding, 142 overview, 30 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), 350 E efficiency improvements data, 145–149 database design, 30 Enterprise Manager tool, Microsoft SQL Server database, 435 entries, data new data inserts, 41–44 updates, 45–46 WHERE clause, 47–49 equals operator (=), 47 equijoins, 92, 208–210 errartas, 5
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Beginning SQL Paul Wilton and John
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Beginning SQL Paul Wilton and John
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About the Authors Paul Wilton After
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Paul Wilton: With lots of love to m
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Contents x Selecting Correct Data T
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Contents xii Re-examining NULL 180
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Contents Chapter 11: Transactions 3
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Contents xvi How Do You Do It? 357
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Introduction Data, data, data! Data
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By the time you’ve completed Chap
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Once you download the code, just de
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1 Introduction to SQL A nice, gentl
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Figure 1-1 Why and When to Use a Da
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Databases are great at dealing with
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The SQL language is actually fairly
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you wish, and the database system d
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A keyword is a word that has some m
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Introduction to SQL A perfectly val
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Data Type Description Storage Used
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The char and varchar data types use
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Most RDBMSs handle the most common
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To add a new column, use the basic
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Now that you know what you want to
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❑ Meeting date 2 ❑ Location 2
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Generally speaking, picking a data
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example, the MemberId field links t
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Depending on which RDBMS you’re u
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The FilmCategory table is very smal
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2 Entering Information The last cha
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like this: INSERT INTO Category VAL
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Inserting Data into the Case Study
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The WHERE Clause So far you’ve se
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Try It Out Using Logical Operators
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Exercises 1. Three new members have
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Chapter 3 54 MemberId FirstName 1 K
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Chapter 3 The results are as follow
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Chapter 3 The results to this query
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Chapter 3 FavCategory (CategoryId,
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Chapter 3 Logical Operators and Ope
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Chapter 3 The statement returns the
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Chapter 3 NOT Operator Examples thu
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Chapter 3 2. Using the following SQ
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Chapter 3 When you execute the quer
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Chapter 3 Now that you’re acquain
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Chapter 3 It’s as simple as that!
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Chapter 3 76 YearReleased 1947 1967
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Chapter 3 78 FilmName Rating Gone w
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Chapter 3 2. Add a WHERE clause to
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Chapter 3 Executing this SQL provid
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Chapter 3 84 FullName First name is
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Chapter 3 86 FullName First name is
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Chapter 3 Even though DateOfBirth i
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Chapter 3 Member Name The member is
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Chapter 3 92 The preceding SQL prod
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Chapter 3 94 ❑ Category ❑ FavCa
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Chapter 3 96 You’re one step furt
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Chapter 3 98 FirstName LastName Cat
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Chapter 3 This time, you achieve mo
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Chapter 3 SQL Is Set-Based 102 You
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Chapter 3 104 Category MemberId Thr
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Chapter 3 106 You should see the fo
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Chapter 3 The overlapping portions
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Chapter 3 110 More than one conditi
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Chapter 3 112 Next, link the Member
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Chapter 3 114 FirstName LastName Da
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Chapter 3 ❑ The slightly tricky t
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Chapter 4 normalization can make da
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Chapter 4 120 Field Name Data Type
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Chapter 4 122 The Street, City, and
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Chapter 4 MySQL versions prior to 5
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Chapter 4 126 Except for IBM’s DB
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Chapter 4 128 You can add more than
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Chapter 4 Try It Out Adding a CHECK
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Chapter 4 Obviously, if the table i
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Chapter 4 134 Drop the MoreHolidayB
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Chapter 4 136 If you want to return
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Chapter 4 If you’re using IBM DB2
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Chapter 4 140 index helps speed up
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Chapter 4 142 The results you get m
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Chapter 4 144 The results of the qu
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Chapter 4 146 Remember, IBM DB2 doe
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Chapter 4 148 UPDATE Films SET Film
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Chapter 4 150 Finally, you do the s
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Chapter 4 152 SELECT * FROM MemberD
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Chapter 4 ❑ Choose meaningful nam
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5 Manipulating Data In Chapter 3, y
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The results of this query are as fo
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You can raise a number to any power
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To demonstrate the sort of results
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The CEILING() Function The CEILING(
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ased on the digits after the decima
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The SUBSTRING() function works at t
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LastName UPPER(LastName) LOWER(Last
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The LENGTH() function takes just on
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LastName LOWER(SUBSTRING(LastName,1
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FirstName DIFFERENCE(FirstName, ‘
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Converting Different Data Types Thi
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CREATE Table MyTable(FirstColumn in
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The COALESCE() Function The COALESC
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Ideally, this first argument is the
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LocationId Street City State 1 Main
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6 Grouping and Aggregating Data So
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Running the query, complete with a
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MemberId Street City State 11 Newis
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Executing the SQL returns seven dis
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For example, the following code add
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Running the query gives the answer
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SELECT MAX(LastName), MIN(LastName)
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immediately after the GROUP BY stat
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Executing the final SQL provides th
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Chapter 7 The INNER JOIN links the
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Chapter 7 FilmName FirstName LastNa
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Chapter 7 212 As mentioned, that wo
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Chapter 7 Category Street Romance T
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Chapter 7 216 MD1.First MD1.Last MD
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Chapter 7 SELECT MD1.MemberId, MD1.
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Chapter 7 220 SELECT Category, Film
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Chapter 7 222 Location.Street Membe
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Chapter 7 224 Category MemberId War
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Chapter 7 Look at the results that
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Chapter 7 228 The Maltese Poodle 8
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Chapter 7 230 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
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Chapter 7 232 On Golden Puddle 1967
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8 Queries within Queries This chapt
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There are no films with a value in
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The error wording depends on the da
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Now execute the query. You receive
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The query provides the following re
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If you execute this query, you can
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To obtain the same results as you w
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MemberId 1 10 14 6 5 8 7 11 15 4 13
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Now NOT EXISTS returns true, and as
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This is the same as the query just
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clause specifying that the film’s
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4. Next, quickly double-check a few
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Now that you’ve confirmed that th
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Summary Queries within Queries This
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Chapter 9 264 Figure 9-1 The SQL ne
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Chapter 9 266 INSERT INTO OrderItem
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Chapter 9 268 VALUES (5,7, 2,’200
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Chapter 9 Now that you’ve added t
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Chapter 9 272 FirstName LastName Mo
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Chapter 9 274 DVDPrice column is in
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Chapter 9 SalesPersonId FirstName L
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Chapter 9 278 SalesPersonId MemberI
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Chapter 9 280 SalesPersonId MemberI
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Chapter 9 282 MemberDetails.FirstNa
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Chapter 9 284 The query would work
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Chapter 9 Exercises 286 Assume that
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Chapter 10 Now that you know what v
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Chapter 10 Types of Views Given tha
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Chapter 10 Perhaps you need to view
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Chapter 10 Figure 10-7 Summary view
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Chapter 10 296 This statement gives
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Chapter 10 The CHECK OPTION plays a
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11 Transactions When you move out o
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Example Data This section creates e
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3. Build a record in the Rentals ta
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The other statement that the ANSI S
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SAVE TRANSACTION Select Update Begi
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Figure 11-5 Begin Transaction Delet
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In spite of all of these performanc
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Shared A shared lock essentially me
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of record locks, the DBMS may decid
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No updates, additions, or deletions
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International Board Manufacturer ha
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contention. You could wrap your new
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Summary Transactions ensure that us
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Chapter 12 328 SQL security is cent
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Chapter 12 Creating User IDs Figure
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Chapter 12 3. In the SQL window, ty
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Chapter 12 ❑ You can assign a dif
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Chapter 12 Privileges Privileges ar
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Chapter 12 338 You could then give
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Chapter 12 You might implement this
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Chapter 12 Another shortcut, using
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Chapter 12 As you can imagine, givi
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Chapter 12 The situation gets a lit
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Chapter 12 Summary Database securit
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Chapter 13 robust, fault-tolerant m
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Chapter 13 Gigahertz Networks or Co
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Chapter 13 Database Cache 354 In ad
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Chapter 13 Again, the shotgun appro
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Chapter 13 358 Figure 13-3 Leaf Ind
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Chapter 13 Try It Out Dropping Inde
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Chapter 13 64k Block 64k Block Figu
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Chapter 13 ❑ Inner joins look lik
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Chapter 1 Exercise 1 Solution A Exe
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Chapter 2 Exercise 1 Solution There
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Email, DateOfJoining ) VALUES ( 7,
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Chapter 3 Exercise 1 Solution First
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As well as joining the tables, you
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Figure A-2 Notice that Table1 is re
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Executing the query provides the fo
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Category COUNT(DVDPrice), SUM(DVDPr
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This is the final SQL and gives the
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The results from the query are as f
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Clearly this query hasn’t returne
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Chapter 12 Exercise 1 Solution EXEC
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B Setting Up and Using the Five Dat
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Next, you come to a screen that giv
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Leave the check box for “Configur
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For this book, the default option o
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Now click Next to continue. In the
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Click Finish, and congratulate your
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Figure B-22 Click Ignore to continu
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Figure B-26 Click the Add New Conne
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Figure B-29 Click the triangle next
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Installing and Using IBM DB2 A free
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Figure B-34 The default option of T
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Click Next to continue to the conta
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The screen in Figure B-42 allows yo
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Figure B-45 Figure B-46 Setting Up
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Figure B-48 Setting Up and Using th
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Figure B-50 You must reconnect to t
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You can see that DB2 automatically
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The box in the middle of the screen
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If you select MyTable from the list
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Installing and Using Microsoft SQL
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Figure B-63 What you enter here is
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Click Next to continue. Figure B-67
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Although it’s not strictly essent
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Query Analyzer allows you to enter
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Click the Execute icon and the tabl
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From the Installation Type drop-dow
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Figure B-83 Figure B-84 Setting Up
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Figure B-86 You enter SQL queries i
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C Initial Data Setup In Appendix B
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( 1, ‘Katie’, ‘Smith’, ‘1
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Oracle ( 5, ‘John’, ‘Jones’
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Email, DateOfJoining ) VALUES ( 3,
Page 958: Street, City, State ) VALUES ( 1,
Page 962: VALUES ( 2, 3 ); INSERT INTO FavCat
Page 966: Rating, CategoryId ) VALUES ( 2,
Page 970: AvailableOnDVD, Rating, CategoryId
Page 974: LocationId, MeetingDate, MemberAtte
Page 978: VALUES ( 1, ‘2004-03-01’, ‘Y
Page 982: ) VALUES ( 2, ‘1 Jan 2004’, ‘
Page 986: 5 ); INSERT INTO Attendance ( Locat
Page 992: advanced design (continued) advance
Page 996: COALESCE () function COALESCE() fun
Page 1000: conditions conditions, 12 configura
Page 1004: databases (continued) databases (co
Page 1010: error messages debugging, 26 subque
Page 1014: concatenation, 85-88 data type comp
Page 1018: primary keys database creation exam
Page 1022: concurrent connection selection, 39
Page 1026: passwords group access, 333 IBM ins
Page 1030: ROLLBACK statement, 307-308 ROLLBAC
Page 1034: REPEATABLE READ, 319 REVOKE, 344-34
Page 1038: telephone numbers, data type select
Page 1042: historical, data selection, 90-94 N
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