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the disease. Finally, a coincidental relationship between a given pollutant and a given mortality rate does not prove a cause and effect relationship between the two. c 8 OO
ELECTRON BEAM RECORDERS FOR AUTOMATED CARTOGRAPHY P.F. Grosso, A.A. Tarnowski Image Graphics, Inc. 107 Ardmore Street Fairfield, Ct. 06430 I. Introduction and Historical Background Electron Beam Recorders have been developed for the Defense Mapping Agency to produce aerospace, topographic and hydrographic charts and other high resolution imagery and cartographic products. A computer controlled electron beam recorder (EBR) delivered to the Aerospace Center, St. Louis, Mo. in May, 1978 by Image Graphics, Inc., under a subcontract with the Synectics Corporation is the principal carto graphic output device of the Charting, Publishing and Air Facilities subsystems of the Automated Air Infor mation Production System (AAIPS). Two other cartographic electron beam recording systems which will be delivered to the Hydrographic/Topographic Center, Washington, D.C. and the U.S. Army Engineering Laboratories, Ft. Belvoir, Va. early next year will be used to produce a variety of master recordings in either lineal or raster data formats for the production of maps, charts, text and high resolution continuous tone imagery II. SVstem Description A typical computer controlled electron beam recorder (EBR) system developed for automated cartography is shown in Figure 1. The Cartographic EBR is a complete stand-alone electronic recording system which can produce high quality imagery, graphics and text on film 413
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'/1UTO QIRTO IV Proceedings of the
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SPONSORED BY: Proceedings of the Vo
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FOREWORD This is the fourth confere
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PREFACE The technical articles cont
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The Use of Computer Generated Maps
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Interactive Computer Mapping ......
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A Formal Model of a Cartographic In
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PHOTOGRAMMETRY SESSIONS Introductio
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William 0. Lucoff of Cal. State at
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widths may be varied at random from
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command codes to the minicomputer a
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Figure 2 Computer Controller EXPOSU
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— 1 X 0 u_ ABCDE M X ^ ^j to C£
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Figure 12 Portion of 48"X60" Chart
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3. THE GAS SYSTEM Chicago Aerial Su
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mode and guides the operator throug
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Figure 1 - Input Edit Figure 2 - Li
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Figure 7 - illegal Elevations Figur
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L Figure 11-Matching Between Models
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1. Street trees are defined as any
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exists between the calculated data
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Trom a conversation with Robert Lee
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II. The Alternatives Various conven
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With error correction as the final
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1. Introduction PRACTICAL EXPERIENC
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instruments with digital mapping te
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the patterns and stores the digital
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o Provides the capability to conver
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II.System Description Figure 1 is a
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Status signals are located on the m
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which have been digitized and recor
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Figure 4 Digitized/Recorded Image C
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IMAGE PROCESSING The Image Processi
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II. Background The work reported in
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coordinates from topographic maps.
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polation techniques are available i
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egistrations. In all areas where re
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THE INTERACTIVE IMAGE SYSTEM FOR TH
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The operator may type in commands w
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input, each request being terminate
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The language elements invoke indepe
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IMAGE PROCESSING AND NAVIGATION FOR
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4. Image Acquisition and Amplitude
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disc); - the satellite spin-speed w
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line start. These parameters are se
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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR DIGITAL
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need for early warning of impending
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In order to manipulate classes of f
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depends mainly on the density of fe
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A DATA STRUCTURE FOR A RASTER MAP D
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FIG. 2. A border with indicated max
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pointers associated with the max-po
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y-max 1 z \7 'x-min \x-max 3 x-min
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DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS SESSIONS Int
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Their programs have been developed
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that the purpose of the digital ter
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equirement for such a program is th
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equivalent to locating the lines of
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Brassel, K.,1974,"A Model of Americ
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It is not the intention of this pap
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One feature in this should be empha
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neighbouring data points to estimat
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Lawson, C.L., 1977. Software for C-
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EDIT SYSTEM HARDWARE The IPIN Edit
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Each edit terminal will also contai
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FIGURE 2. PLOT OF GEOMORPHIC DATA 1
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a 0° 0 0 + 0 o 0 FIGURE 4. SELECTE
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FIGURE 5. CONTOUR PLOT OF INTERPOLA
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absorbed in the merger if the diffe
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To an every-increasing degree, the
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potential storage volumes of depres
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Soil type sand, Vegetation trees -^
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References Brnjac, M; Carlsen, L; M
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is particularly important to allow
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(b) If Z-coordinate of the vertex B
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Figure 3a. TIN DTM Projection Figur
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URBAN MAPPING SESSIONS Introduction
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Norfolk, and Hampton Virginia. Part
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MAPPING SERVICES IN FAIRFAX COUNTY,
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If errors are detected they are res
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Some are only printed as the stocks
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URBAN MAPPING AND RELATED AUTOMATED
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tersection matching program was wri
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The selection of coding schemes wil
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cartography and are firmly committe
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main purpose of this paper. Five of
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The project was undertaken specific
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play and analysis. By breaking from
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The operating system environment is
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INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MAPPING* Thoma
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- By displaying variables in map fo
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with a start - head- and an end -ta
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Rovner, P.D and Feldman, J.A., 1968
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eading this complex type of map, (2
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y a law pertaining to persons 65 an
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So far the analysis has been concer
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enta separation to the family age g
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Mortality maps have been widely use
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1970 population values, growth rate
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CANCER MORTALITY BY CENSUS TRACT 19
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References Burbank, F., Epidemiolog
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Computer graphics is changing all t
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time to define the uses to which th
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tually complete - we had a meeting
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EXPLORATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS SES
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AUTOMATED MAPPING AND FACILITIES MA
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turned out to be a boon for automat
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As an example, one utility had five
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suburb of Denver, is a group of eng
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Introduction CADAE * (COMPUTER AIDE
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using CADAE, but the convenience an
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fractions of an inch to 1/64 or in
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Now that the viability of CADAE has
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"LANDFORM" LAND ANALYSIS AND DISPLA
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(2) Information Display (3) Design
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scales, and perspective views can b
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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL
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Once the Map Grids are complete, th
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TOPOLOGICAL MODELS FOR ARCHITECTURA
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dimension, may be oriented in two w
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1-cells, and the 0-cells on the bou
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IX. One and two-dimensional structu
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looking from c^ to c9 near side far
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Figure 4 File Layout for Model of a
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DATA BASES, SMALL SYSTEMS There wer
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The consistency requirements are se
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A 0-cell is A 1-cell is a A 2-cell
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is a 2-ditnensional surface, and pr
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Our Algorithm From the topological
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(a) graph \ (b) disk: node 5 lO (c)
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as earthquake damage assessment, lo
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data is relatively simple. Problems
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In theory, the structure of such a
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BASIS resides on a minicomputer ope
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DATA BASES, LARGE SYSTEMS SESSIONS
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Robert Haralick and Linda Shapiro o
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED ENVIRONMENTAL DAT
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System (GRIDS) and Calma Mapping Sy
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Results Space does not permit the r
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encoded data appear to be very sign
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NATIONAL OCEAN SURVEY—AUTOMATED I
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centered at NOS Headquarters, but r
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separately. There are also five of
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graphic, chart base, and labels may
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Introduction GEOMODEL - INTEGRATED
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ace, income, miles of bus-lines, or
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phrase pointer Figure Ib. 1-cell Fe
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Implementation The development plan
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ECQBASE OF BRITAIN: status report o
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1. Coastlines (high water mark) inc
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much statistical data, e.g. , from
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Figure 1 Scale of digitisation of p
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I. Introduction A DATA STRUCTURE FO
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One obvious division of the state i
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Figure 2 illustrates this structure
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Raster or grid form is another form
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For each type of spatial data struc
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The following questions are possibl
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4. Freeman, H., "Computer Processin
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also be generalized to remove exces
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Figure I. On the left, a map of zon
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The other important role the error
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REFERENCES Corbett, J. (1975). "Top
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The fundamental building block of a
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discussed previously are of the COD
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[2] Bonczek, R. H.; Holsapple, C. W
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REFERENCE BASE REFERENCE LINES NAP
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Polygon data, in contrast, results
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An alternative to grid resampling i
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Should this table already contain a
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Murray, F. W. (1968) A_ Method of O
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ships between units, and thereby fe
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ture, encode, reduce, edit, format,
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could be assigned to each 40-acre g
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more on chain encoding rather than
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RIDS-CURRENT TECHNOLOGY IN RESOURCE
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The RID system is designed to overl
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Data Input Once the relevant data h
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Data Manipulation Timber Contour Cu
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SMALL
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III. The National Small-Scale Data
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cally-structured data base is under
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Appendix A: HAWAII: Hydrography U>
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, SMALL SYST
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options but it also extends our res
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sis techniques) information not pre
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media forming input to the system i
Page 377 and 378: D. CIS Data Base Limitations There
Page 379 and 380: input space into a set of 8 x 8 sub
Page 381 and 382: esolution of the system and the num
Page 383 and 384: impractical to use this terminal fo
Page 385 and 386: and heat from power plants into wat
Page 387 and 388: The present and future Low-resoluti
Page 389 and 390: Development of GIMMAP at the Kansas
Page 391 and 392: The second area of development is a
Page 393 and 394: GROUP Fig. 1
Page 395 and 396: MOVING INTERACTIVE THEMATIC MAPPING
Page 397 and 398: directives. Both map and data files
Page 399 and 400: Parameters are commonly of the form
Page 401 and 402: 7. Conclusions In the s:!x months C
Page 403 and 404: INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, LARGE SYST
Page 405 and 406: developed at LBL has been particula
Page 407 and 408: printed at a common scale and forma
Page 409 and 410: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Page 411 and 412: V. Production Sequence The most imp
Page 413 and 414: 1. Introduction MULTIPLE SYSTEM INT
Page 415 and 416: measurements during map compilation
Page 417 and 418: Photogrammetric —— > Digitizer/
Page 419 and 420: intersections. These are a few exam
Page 421 and 422: Introduction ENERGY ANALYSIS BY MEA
Page 423 and 424: enabled us to undertake runs consit
Page 425 and 426: Cost (k $) (D CD M M
Page 427: which seek to incorporate powerful
Page 431 and 432: data files are supplied as an 8 Bit
Page 433 and 434: signals representative of map featu
Page 435 and 436: composite photograph prepared to sh
Page 437 and 438: Figure 5 16 AAIPS Approach Charts R
Page 439 and 440: Figure 8 - LANDSAT Image Recorded i
Page 441 and 442: AUTO-CARTO IV STAFF AND COMMITTEES
Page 443 and 444: University of Kansas Mike Hogben A'
Page 445 and 446: Efi Arazi, President Sci-Tex Corp.,
Page 447 and 448: Peter F. Bermel Chief, Eastern Mapp
Page 449 and 450: Sherry K. Brown Princeton Universit
Page 451 and 452: Steven D. Clark Petroleum Informati
Page 453 and 454: Richard Davis NOAA, NOS 6001 Execut
Page 455 and 456: John Durkin Suiranagraphics 35 Bren
Page 457 and 458: E. Porrest A-E-C Automation Newslet
Page 459 and 460: Barry J. Glick Middlebury College M
Page 461 and 462: Jim Hargis M & S Computing Co. 14 I
Page 463 and 464: Howard C. Hopps Dept. of Pathology
Page 465 and 466: Lee P. Johnston GeoGraphic Decision
Page 467 and 468: Herbert Kressler Defense Mapping Sc
Page 469 and 470: D. Richard Lycan Center for Pop. Re
Page 471 and 472: Robert K. McKinney Weyerhaeuser Co.
Page 473 and 474: Joel L. Morrison Dept. of Geography
Page 475 and 476: David Osiecki 83 Gerber Rd. South W
Page 477 and 478: A.D. Poole Phillips Petroleum Co. 2
Page 479 and 480:
Dirck L. Rotty USDA Forest Service
Page 481 and 482:
Craig L. Shafer NFS 18 & C Street,
Page 483 and 484:
Bobby Staudt M & S Computing 406 Au
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Laure Thompson George Mason Univers
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D.J. Walker Image Graphics 107 Ardm
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Alberta Auringer Wood Chairperson,
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AUTHOR INDEX - VOLUME II Allam, M.
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Schmidt, Warren E. ...............
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