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1980 by the AMERICAN CONGRESS ON SURVEYING AND MAPPING and the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publishers. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-64463 ISSN 0270-5133 Published by AMERICAN CONGRESS ON SURVEYING AND MAPPING 210 Little Falls St. Falls Church, Va. 22046 and AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY 105 N. Virginia Ave. Falls Church, Va. 22046
FOREWORD This is the fourth conference on computer-assisted cartography sponsored by the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, and the American Society of Photogrammetry. In the spring of 1978, Dorothy Rice, Director of the National Center for Health Statistics, and I partici pated in a workshop on Automated Cartography and Epidemiology. It became clear to us that the utility of computer-assisted cartography had not been fully incorporated into the health professions and their attendant federal agencies. Mrs. Rice believed that further discussion and an exchange of information about basic methodology, applications, problems, and software and hardware in the field of computer-assist ed mapping and the health planning and analysis fields, would be useful. She provided me with an excellent staff and support from the Public Health Service which enabled me to organize a symposium to meet these objectives. She was especially instru mental in supporting us with David Slaby who coordi nated program advice and liaison activities for the U.S. Public Health Service. William Riordan was instrumental in urging and execu ting the official co-sponsorship of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, and the American Society of Photogrammetry. He also provided frequent counsel to the conference chairman. Caby Smith and Ted Sudia from the National Park Service enthusiast ically endorsed the conference. They were especially generous in assisting our efforts to support four sessions on natural resource systems. The U.S. Public Health Service and the National Park Service provided contractual staff and program support, Additional support and cooperation came from a variety of organizations; their contributions include program advice, staff support, publicity, and space, but most of all, support for the conceptual structure of AUTO- CARTO IV. These additional agencies supporting AUTO- CARTO IV include: the Defense Mapping Agency, the United States Geological Survey, the American Rural Health Association, the University of Kansas, the 111
Page 1 and 2: '/1UTO QIRTO IV Proceedings of the
Page 3: SPONSORED BY: Proceedings of the Vo
Page 7: PREFACE The technical articles cont
Page 10 and 11: The Use of Computer Generated Maps
Page 12 and 13: Interactive Computer Mapping ......
Page 14 and 15: A Formal Model of a Cartographic In
Page 17 and 18: PHOTOGRAMMETRY SESSIONS Introductio
Page 19 and 20: William 0. Lucoff of Cal. State at
Page 21 and 22: widths may be varied at random from
Page 23 and 24: command codes to the minicomputer a
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2 Computer Controller EXPOSU
Page 27 and 28: — 1 X 0 u_ ABCDE M X ^ ^j to C£
Page 29 and 30: Figure 12 Portion of 48"X60" Chart
Page 31 and 32: 3. THE GAS SYSTEM Chicago Aerial Su
Page 33 and 34: mode and guides the operator throug
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1 - Input Edit Figure 2 - Li
Page 37 and 38: Figure 7 - illegal Elevations Figur
Page 39 and 40: L Figure 11-Matching Between Models
Page 41 and 42: 1. Street trees are defined as any
Page 43 and 44: exists between the calculated data
Page 45 and 46: Trom a conversation with Robert Lee
Page 47 and 48: II. The Alternatives Various conven
Page 49 and 50: With error correction as the final
Page 51 and 52: 1. Introduction PRACTICAL EXPERIENC
Page 53 and 54: instruments with digital mapping te
Page 55 and 56:
the patterns and stores the digital
Page 57 and 58:
o Provides the capability to conver
Page 59 and 60:
II.System Description Figure 1 is a
Page 61 and 62:
Status signals are located on the m
Page 63 and 64:
which have been digitized and recor
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Figure 4 Digitized/Recorded Image C
Page 67 and 68:
IMAGE PROCESSING The Image Processi
Page 69 and 70:
II. Background The work reported in
Page 71 and 72:
coordinates from topographic maps.
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polation techniques are available i
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egistrations. In all areas where re
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THE INTERACTIVE IMAGE SYSTEM FOR TH
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The operator may type in commands w
Page 81 and 82:
input, each request being terminate
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The language elements invoke indepe
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IMAGE PROCESSING AND NAVIGATION FOR
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4. Image Acquisition and Amplitude
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disc); - the satellite spin-speed w
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line start. These parameters are se
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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR DIGITAL
Page 95 and 96:
need for early warning of impending
Page 97 and 98:
In order to manipulate classes of f
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depends mainly on the density of fe
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A DATA STRUCTURE FOR A RASTER MAP D
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FIG. 2. A border with indicated max
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pointers associated with the max-po
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y-max 1 z \7 'x-min \x-max 3 x-min
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DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS SESSIONS Int
Page 111 and 112:
Their programs have been developed
Page 113 and 114:
that the purpose of the digital ter
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equirement for such a program is th
Page 117 and 118:
equivalent to locating the lines of
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Brassel, K.,1974,"A Model of Americ
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It is not the intention of this pap
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One feature in this should be empha
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neighbouring data points to estimat
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Lawson, C.L., 1977. Software for C-
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EDIT SYSTEM HARDWARE The IPIN Edit
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Each edit terminal will also contai
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FIGURE 2. PLOT OF GEOMORPHIC DATA 1
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a 0° 0 0 + 0 o 0 FIGURE 4. SELECTE
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FIGURE 5. CONTOUR PLOT OF INTERPOLA
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absorbed in the merger if the diffe
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To an every-increasing degree, the
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potential storage volumes of depres
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Soil type sand, Vegetation trees -^
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References Brnjac, M; Carlsen, L; M
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is particularly important to allow
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(b) If Z-coordinate of the vertex B
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Figure 3a. TIN DTM Projection Figur
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URBAN MAPPING SESSIONS Introduction
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Norfolk, and Hampton Virginia. Part
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MAPPING SERVICES IN FAIRFAX COUNTY,
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If errors are detected they are res
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Some are only printed as the stocks
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URBAN MAPPING AND RELATED AUTOMATED
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tersection matching program was wri
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The selection of coding schemes wil
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cartography and are firmly committe
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main purpose of this paper. Five of
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The project was undertaken specific
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play and analysis. By breaking from
Page 179 and 180:
The operating system environment is
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INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MAPPING* Thoma
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- By displaying variables in map fo
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with a start - head- and an end -ta
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Rovner, P.D and Feldman, J.A., 1968
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eading this complex type of map, (2
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y a law pertaining to persons 65 an
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So far the analysis has been concer
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enta separation to the family age g
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Mortality maps have been widely use
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1970 population values, growth rate
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CANCER MORTALITY BY CENSUS TRACT 19
Page 203 and 204:
References Burbank, F., Epidemiolog
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Computer graphics is changing all t
Page 207 and 208:
time to define the uses to which th
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tually complete - we had a meeting
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EXPLORATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS SES
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AUTOMATED MAPPING AND FACILITIES MA
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turned out to be a boon for automat
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As an example, one utility had five
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suburb of Denver, is a group of eng
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Introduction CADAE * (COMPUTER AIDE
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using CADAE, but the convenience an
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fractions of an inch to 1/64 or in
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Now that the viability of CADAE has
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"LANDFORM" LAND ANALYSIS AND DISPLA
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(2) Information Display (3) Design
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scales, and perspective views can b
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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL
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Once the Map Grids are complete, th
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TOPOLOGICAL MODELS FOR ARCHITECTURA
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dimension, may be oriented in two w
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1-cells, and the 0-cells on the bou
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IX. One and two-dimensional structu
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looking from c^ to c9 near side far
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Figure 4 File Layout for Model of a
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DATA BASES, SMALL SYSTEMS There wer
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The consistency requirements are se
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A 0-cell is A 1-cell is a A 2-cell
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is a 2-ditnensional surface, and pr
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Our Algorithm From the topological
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(a) graph \ (b) disk: node 5 lO (c)
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as earthquake damage assessment, lo
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data is relatively simple. Problems
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In theory, the structure of such a
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BASIS resides on a minicomputer ope
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DATA BASES, LARGE SYSTEMS SESSIONS
Page 273 and 274:
Robert Haralick and Linda Shapiro o
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED ENVIRONMENTAL DAT
Page 277 and 278:
System (GRIDS) and Calma Mapping Sy
Page 279 and 280:
Results Space does not permit the r
Page 281 and 282:
encoded data appear to be very sign
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NATIONAL OCEAN SURVEY—AUTOMATED I
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centered at NOS Headquarters, but r
Page 287 and 288:
separately. There are also five of
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graphic, chart base, and labels may
Page 291 and 292:
Introduction GEOMODEL - INTEGRATED
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ace, income, miles of bus-lines, or
Page 295 and 296:
phrase pointer Figure Ib. 1-cell Fe
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Implementation The development plan
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ECQBASE OF BRITAIN: status report o
Page 301 and 302:
1. Coastlines (high water mark) inc
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much statistical data, e.g. , from
Page 305 and 306:
Figure 1 Scale of digitisation of p
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I. Introduction A DATA STRUCTURE FO
Page 309 and 310:
One obvious division of the state i
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Figure 2 illustrates this structure
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Raster or grid form is another form
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For each type of spatial data struc
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The following questions are possibl
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4. Freeman, H., "Computer Processin
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also be generalized to remove exces
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Figure I. On the left, a map of zon
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The other important role the error
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REFERENCES Corbett, J. (1975). "Top
Page 329 and 330:
The fundamental building block of a
Page 331 and 332:
discussed previously are of the COD
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[2] Bonczek, R. H.; Holsapple, C. W
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REFERENCE BASE REFERENCE LINES NAP
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Polygon data, in contrast, results
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An alternative to grid resampling i
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Should this table already contain a
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Murray, F. W. (1968) A_ Method of O
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ships between units, and thereby fe
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ture, encode, reduce, edit, format,
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could be assigned to each 40-acre g
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more on chain encoding rather than
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RIDS-CURRENT TECHNOLOGY IN RESOURCE
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The RID system is designed to overl
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Data Input Once the relevant data h
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Data Manipulation Timber Contour Cu
Page 361 and 362:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SMALL
Page 363 and 364:
III. The National Small-Scale Data
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cally-structured data base is under
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Appendix A: HAWAII: Hydrography U>
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, SMALL SYST
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options but it also extends our res
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sis techniques) information not pre
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media forming input to the system i
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D. CIS Data Base Limitations There
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input space into a set of 8 x 8 sub
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esolution of the system and the num
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impractical to use this terminal fo
Page 385 and 386:
and heat from power plants into wat
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The present and future Low-resoluti
Page 389 and 390:
Development of GIMMAP at the Kansas
Page 391 and 392:
The second area of development is a
Page 393 and 394:
GROUP Fig. 1
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MOVING INTERACTIVE THEMATIC MAPPING
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directives. Both map and data files
Page 399 and 400:
Parameters are commonly of the form
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7. Conclusions In the s:!x months C
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, LARGE SYST
Page 405 and 406:
developed at LBL has been particula
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printed at a common scale and forma
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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V. Production Sequence The most imp
Page 413 and 414:
1. Introduction MULTIPLE SYSTEM INT
Page 415 and 416:
measurements during map compilation
Page 417 and 418:
Photogrammetric —— > Digitizer/
Page 419 and 420:
intersections. These are a few exam
Page 421 and 422:
Introduction ENERGY ANALYSIS BY MEA
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enabled us to undertake runs consit
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Cost (k $) (D CD M M
Page 427 and 428:
which seek to incorporate powerful
Page 429 and 430:
ELECTRON BEAM RECORDERS FOR AUTOMAT
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data files are supplied as an 8 Bit
Page 433 and 434:
signals representative of map featu
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composite photograph prepared to sh
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Figure 5 16 AAIPS Approach Charts R
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Figure 8 - LANDSAT Image Recorded i
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AUTO-CARTO IV STAFF AND COMMITTEES
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University of Kansas Mike Hogben A'
Page 445 and 446:
Efi Arazi, President Sci-Tex Corp.,
Page 447 and 448:
Peter F. Bermel Chief, Eastern Mapp
Page 449 and 450:
Sherry K. Brown Princeton Universit
Page 451 and 452:
Steven D. Clark Petroleum Informati
Page 453 and 454:
Richard Davis NOAA, NOS 6001 Execut
Page 455 and 456:
John Durkin Suiranagraphics 35 Bren
Page 457 and 458:
E. Porrest A-E-C Automation Newslet
Page 459 and 460:
Barry J. Glick Middlebury College M
Page 461 and 462:
Jim Hargis M & S Computing Co. 14 I
Page 463 and 464:
Howard C. Hopps Dept. of Pathology
Page 465 and 466:
Lee P. Johnston GeoGraphic Decision
Page 467 and 468:
Herbert Kressler Defense Mapping Sc
Page 469 and 470:
D. Richard Lycan Center for Pop. Re
Page 471 and 472:
Robert K. McKinney Weyerhaeuser Co.
Page 473 and 474:
Joel L. Morrison Dept. of Geography
Page 475 and 476:
David Osiecki 83 Gerber Rd. South W
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A.D. Poole Phillips Petroleum Co. 2
Page 479 and 480:
Dirck L. Rotty USDA Forest Service
Page 481 and 482:
Craig L. Shafer NFS 18 & C Street,
Page 483 and 484:
Bobby Staudt M & S Computing 406 Au
Page 485 and 486:
Laure Thompson George Mason Univers
Page 487 and 488:
D.J. Walker Image Graphics 107 Ardm
Page 489 and 490:
Alberta Auringer Wood Chairperson,
Page 491 and 492:
AUTHOR INDEX - VOLUME II Allam, M.
Page 493:
Schmidt, Warren E. ...............
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