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The CITY file is an interim form of the 2-dimensional set descriptions which will later be converted to a lattice. Figure 2c. CITY Record [state[place[county!SMSA!MCD[CDiarea!postal!city name! I- I I I I II < ci- of a ' ' i i i i i i i i state i i After GeoModel has been initialized, the files have the following relationships: Figure 3. 0-CELLS FEATURES I +———+———+ +—+————. I l • i I A i t i i V ' 2-CELLS
Implementation The development plan calls for a series of products to be released throughout the course of the project. While only about one-third of the entire system has been implemented to date, there is already a stable and useful data base with several spin-off application packages and independent software tools. These include a data retrieval and manipulation language called L; the Basic Access Method (BAM); GMLOAD, a series of programs to restructure a GBF/DIME file into a set of GeoModel files; WORDED, a program to search and edit street names; and ADMATCH'80, an interactive address matching system. Two of these, BAM and L, are crucial to the implementation of GeoModel. Early in the design of GeoModel it became clear that many files were going to be needed, and that the ultimate number of files was unknown. In the interest of portability (and hopefully, ease of use), the interface of GeoModel with the operating system had to be as simple as possible. This led to the design of BAM, the Basic Access Method, which stores all files used by GeoModel in a single direct-access file (called the "library") partitioned into any number of sub-files (called simply "files"). Records are then referenced by file name and record number, and may be read or written in any order. Records within a file must all be of the same length, but each file may have a different record length. BAM has the added benefits of centralized I/O handling, a reduced number of file handling tasks such as opens and closes, and a data access technique which is invariant throughout the system. A language called L is being developed to access GeoModel. It is composed entirely of functions which may be built-in primitives or user-defined combinations of other functions. Any operand of a function may itself be another function. This allows pipelining of the results of one function into another. Every data item in GeoModel may be accessed by name and record key through a primitive called GM. Other primitives provide IF/ELSE structuring, iteration, and address matching. New applications may be implemented by the planner at the terminal. As an example, suppose it were 281
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'/1UTO QIRTO IV Proceedings of the
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SPONSORED BY: Proceedings of the Vo
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FOREWORD This is the fourth confere
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PREFACE The technical articles cont
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The Use of Computer Generated Maps
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Interactive Computer Mapping ......
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A Formal Model of a Cartographic In
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PHOTOGRAMMETRY SESSIONS Introductio
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William 0. Lucoff of Cal. State at
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widths may be varied at random from
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command codes to the minicomputer a
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Figure 2 Computer Controller EXPOSU
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— 1 X 0 u_ ABCDE M X ^ ^j to C£
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Figure 12 Portion of 48"X60" Chart
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3. THE GAS SYSTEM Chicago Aerial Su
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mode and guides the operator throug
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Figure 1 - Input Edit Figure 2 - Li
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Figure 7 - illegal Elevations Figur
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L Figure 11-Matching Between Models
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1. Street trees are defined as any
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exists between the calculated data
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Trom a conversation with Robert Lee
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II. The Alternatives Various conven
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With error correction as the final
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1. Introduction PRACTICAL EXPERIENC
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instruments with digital mapping te
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the patterns and stores the digital
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o Provides the capability to conver
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II.System Description Figure 1 is a
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Status signals are located on the m
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which have been digitized and recor
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Figure 4 Digitized/Recorded Image C
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IMAGE PROCESSING The Image Processi
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II. Background The work reported in
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coordinates from topographic maps.
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polation techniques are available i
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egistrations. In all areas where re
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THE INTERACTIVE IMAGE SYSTEM FOR TH
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The operator may type in commands w
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input, each request being terminate
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The language elements invoke indepe
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IMAGE PROCESSING AND NAVIGATION FOR
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4. Image Acquisition and Amplitude
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disc); - the satellite spin-speed w
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line start. These parameters are se
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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR DIGITAL
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need for early warning of impending
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In order to manipulate classes of f
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depends mainly on the density of fe
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A DATA STRUCTURE FOR A RASTER MAP D
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FIG. 2. A border with indicated max
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pointers associated with the max-po
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y-max 1 z \7 'x-min \x-max 3 x-min
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DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS SESSIONS Int
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Their programs have been developed
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that the purpose of the digital ter
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equirement for such a program is th
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equivalent to locating the lines of
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Brassel, K.,1974,"A Model of Americ
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It is not the intention of this pap
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One feature in this should be empha
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neighbouring data points to estimat
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Lawson, C.L., 1977. Software for C-
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EDIT SYSTEM HARDWARE The IPIN Edit
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Each edit terminal will also contai
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FIGURE 2. PLOT OF GEOMORPHIC DATA 1
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a 0° 0 0 + 0 o 0 FIGURE 4. SELECTE
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FIGURE 5. CONTOUR PLOT OF INTERPOLA
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absorbed in the merger if the diffe
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To an every-increasing degree, the
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potential storage volumes of depres
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Soil type sand, Vegetation trees -^
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References Brnjac, M; Carlsen, L; M
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is particularly important to allow
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(b) If Z-coordinate of the vertex B
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Figure 3a. TIN DTM Projection Figur
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URBAN MAPPING SESSIONS Introduction
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Norfolk, and Hampton Virginia. Part
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MAPPING SERVICES IN FAIRFAX COUNTY,
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If errors are detected they are res
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Some are only printed as the stocks
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URBAN MAPPING AND RELATED AUTOMATED
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tersection matching program was wri
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The selection of coding schemes wil
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cartography and are firmly committe
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main purpose of this paper. Five of
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The project was undertaken specific
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play and analysis. By breaking from
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The operating system environment is
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INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MAPPING* Thoma
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- By displaying variables in map fo
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with a start - head- and an end -ta
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Rovner, P.D and Feldman, J.A., 1968
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eading this complex type of map, (2
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y a law pertaining to persons 65 an
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So far the analysis has been concer
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enta separation to the family age g
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Mortality maps have been widely use
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1970 population values, growth rate
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CANCER MORTALITY BY CENSUS TRACT 19
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References Burbank, F., Epidemiolog
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Computer graphics is changing all t
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time to define the uses to which th
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tually complete - we had a meeting
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EXPLORATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS SES
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AUTOMATED MAPPING AND FACILITIES MA
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turned out to be a boon for automat
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As an example, one utility had five
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suburb of Denver, is a group of eng
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Introduction CADAE * (COMPUTER AIDE
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using CADAE, but the convenience an
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fractions of an inch to 1/64 or in
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Now that the viability of CADAE has
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"LANDFORM" LAND ANALYSIS AND DISPLA
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(2) Information Display (3) Design
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scales, and perspective views can b
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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL
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Once the Map Grids are complete, th
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TOPOLOGICAL MODELS FOR ARCHITECTURA
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dimension, may be oriented in two w
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1-cells, and the 0-cells on the bou
Page 245 and 246: IX. One and two-dimensional structu
Page 247 and 248: looking from c^ to c9 near side far
Page 249 and 250: Figure 4 File Layout for Model of a
Page 251 and 252: DATA BASES, SMALL SYSTEMS There wer
Page 253 and 254: The consistency requirements are se
Page 255 and 256: A 0-cell is A 1-cell is a A 2-cell
Page 257 and 258: is a 2-ditnensional surface, and pr
Page 259 and 260: Our Algorithm From the topological
Page 261 and 262: (a) graph \ (b) disk: node 5 lO (c)
Page 263 and 264: as earthquake damage assessment, lo
Page 265 and 266: data is relatively simple. Problems
Page 267 and 268: In theory, the structure of such a
Page 269 and 270: BASIS resides on a minicomputer ope
Page 271 and 272: DATA BASES, LARGE SYSTEMS SESSIONS
Page 273 and 274: Robert Haralick and Linda Shapiro o
Page 275 and 276: COMPUTER-ASSISTED ENVIRONMENTAL DAT
Page 277 and 278: System (GRIDS) and Calma Mapping Sy
Page 279 and 280: Results Space does not permit the r
Page 281 and 282: encoded data appear to be very sign
Page 283 and 284: NATIONAL OCEAN SURVEY—AUTOMATED I
Page 285 and 286: centered at NOS Headquarters, but r
Page 287 and 288: separately. There are also five of
Page 289 and 290: graphic, chart base, and labels may
Page 291 and 292: Introduction GEOMODEL - INTEGRATED
Page 293 and 294: ace, income, miles of bus-lines, or
Page 295: phrase pointer Figure Ib. 1-cell Fe
Page 299 and 300: ECQBASE OF BRITAIN: status report o
Page 301 and 302: 1. Coastlines (high water mark) inc
Page 303 and 304: much statistical data, e.g. , from
Page 305 and 306: Figure 1 Scale of digitisation of p
Page 307 and 308: I. Introduction A DATA STRUCTURE FO
Page 309 and 310: One obvious division of the state i
Page 311 and 312: Figure 2 illustrates this structure
Page 313 and 314: Raster or grid form is another form
Page 315 and 316: For each type of spatial data struc
Page 317 and 318: The following questions are possibl
Page 319 and 320: 4. Freeman, H., "Computer Processin
Page 321 and 322: also be generalized to remove exces
Page 323 and 324: Figure I. On the left, a map of zon
Page 325 and 326: The other important role the error
Page 327 and 328: REFERENCES Corbett, J. (1975). "Top
Page 329 and 330: The fundamental building block of a
Page 331 and 332: discussed previously are of the COD
Page 333 and 334: [2] Bonczek, R. H.; Holsapple, C. W
Page 335 and 336: REFERENCE BASE REFERENCE LINES NAP
Page 337 and 338: Polygon data, in contrast, results
Page 339 and 340: An alternative to grid resampling i
Page 341 and 342: Should this table already contain a
Page 343 and 344: Murray, F. W. (1968) A_ Method of O
Page 345 and 346: ships between units, and thereby fe
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ture, encode, reduce, edit, format,
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could be assigned to each 40-acre g
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more on chain encoding rather than
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RIDS-CURRENT TECHNOLOGY IN RESOURCE
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The RID system is designed to overl
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Data Input Once the relevant data h
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Data Manipulation Timber Contour Cu
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SMALL
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III. The National Small-Scale Data
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cally-structured data base is under
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Appendix A: HAWAII: Hydrography U>
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, SMALL SYST
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options but it also extends our res
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sis techniques) information not pre
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media forming input to the system i
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D. CIS Data Base Limitations There
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input space into a set of 8 x 8 sub
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esolution of the system and the num
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impractical to use this terminal fo
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and heat from power plants into wat
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The present and future Low-resoluti
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Development of GIMMAP at the Kansas
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The second area of development is a
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GROUP Fig. 1
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MOVING INTERACTIVE THEMATIC MAPPING
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directives. Both map and data files
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Parameters are commonly of the form
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7. Conclusions In the s:!x months C
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, LARGE SYST
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developed at LBL has been particula
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printed at a common scale and forma
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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V. Production Sequence The most imp
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1. Introduction MULTIPLE SYSTEM INT
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measurements during map compilation
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Photogrammetric —— > Digitizer/
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intersections. These are a few exam
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Introduction ENERGY ANALYSIS BY MEA
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enabled us to undertake runs consit
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Cost (k $) (D CD M M
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which seek to incorporate powerful
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ELECTRON BEAM RECORDERS FOR AUTOMAT
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data files are supplied as an 8 Bit
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signals representative of map featu
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composite photograph prepared to sh
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Figure 5 16 AAIPS Approach Charts R
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Figure 8 - LANDSAT Image Recorded i
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AUTO-CARTO IV STAFF AND COMMITTEES
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University of Kansas Mike Hogben A'
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Efi Arazi, President Sci-Tex Corp.,
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Peter F. Bermel Chief, Eastern Mapp
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Sherry K. Brown Princeton Universit
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Steven D. Clark Petroleum Informati
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Richard Davis NOAA, NOS 6001 Execut
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John Durkin Suiranagraphics 35 Bren
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E. Porrest A-E-C Automation Newslet
Page 459 and 460:
Barry J. Glick Middlebury College M
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Jim Hargis M & S Computing Co. 14 I
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Howard C. Hopps Dept. of Pathology
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Lee P. Johnston GeoGraphic Decision
Page 467 and 468:
Herbert Kressler Defense Mapping Sc
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D. Richard Lycan Center for Pop. Re
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Robert K. McKinney Weyerhaeuser Co.
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Joel L. Morrison Dept. of Geography
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David Osiecki 83 Gerber Rd. South W
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A.D. Poole Phillips Petroleum Co. 2
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Dirck L. Rotty USDA Forest Service
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Craig L. Shafer NFS 18 & C Street,
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Bobby Staudt M & S Computing 406 Au
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Laure Thompson George Mason Univers
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D.J. Walker Image Graphics 107 Ardm
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Alberta Auringer Wood Chairperson,
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AUTHOR INDEX - VOLUME II Allam, M.
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Schmidt, Warren E. ...............
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