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ase are displayed in different colours, and it is possible to use special colours where conflicting themes overlap. The instrument allows the operator to modify the colour selection after the display is complete/ without replotting, in order to accent the most important features that are shown. The final results can be photographed, recorded on video-cass ette, or plotted in continuous-tone or in outline mode. Comments on Terrain Data Storage In the light of these developments, it may be instructive to look again at the basic methods of data storage. In most grid cell techniques, the data are stored 'vertically 1 as a list of attributes attached to each cell. This method was and is used effectively in the first version of Themaps. The amount of data to be stored on every point is determined by the total number of classes of input data, and is thus highly redundant in two senses. Firstly, the terrain varia bility may be high over part of the area, and low over most of it. Secondly, many of the decision functions to be applied will require only a few classes of information from the data base. Both of these factors mean that most grid cells are loaded with far more data than are required for deriving any one combination. Storage of features in polygonal form can be considered as 'horizontal' storage, in which each terrain classi fication can be called up independently. The second version of THEMAPS has this advantage, and only the classes of data or 'overlays' that are necessary for one computer run (which may involve many different derivations) will be addressed. Summary Program systems have been developed for producing thematic and engineering maps and data from the most useful data sources, polygons and grid structures. The programs combine the advantages of economical data storage with very high processing speeds, and permit the parallel derivation of several or many types of thematic maps from the same large polygonal data files. 130
References Brnjac, M; Carlsen, L; McDonald, R; Orth, R; Digital Terrain Models from the Gestalt Photo Mapper II Paper presented at 69th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Institute of Surveying , Winnipeg, Manitoba, May, 1976. Collins, Stanley H: Terrain Parameters Directly from a Digital Terrain Model, "The Canadian Surveyor", Vol. 29, No. 5, December 1975, pp. 507-518. Collins, S.H.; Moon, G.C.: Algorithms for Dense Digitial Terrain Models. Paper presented at the Fall ASP Convention, Washington, D.C., 1978. Collins, S.H.; Moon, G.C.; Fetter, L. : Reservoir Areas and Capacities from Digital Elevation Models. Paper presented at the Spring ASP Convention, St. Louis, Missouri, 1979. 131
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'/1UTO QIRTO IV Proceedings of the
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SPONSORED BY: Proceedings of the Vo
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FOREWORD This is the fourth confere
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PREFACE The technical articles cont
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The Use of Computer Generated Maps
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Interactive Computer Mapping ......
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A Formal Model of a Cartographic In
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PHOTOGRAMMETRY SESSIONS Introductio
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William 0. Lucoff of Cal. State at
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widths may be varied at random from
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command codes to the minicomputer a
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Figure 2 Computer Controller EXPOSU
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— 1 X 0 u_ ABCDE M X ^ ^j to C£
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Figure 12 Portion of 48"X60" Chart
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3. THE GAS SYSTEM Chicago Aerial Su
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mode and guides the operator throug
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Figure 1 - Input Edit Figure 2 - Li
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Figure 7 - illegal Elevations Figur
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L Figure 11-Matching Between Models
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1. Street trees are defined as any
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exists between the calculated data
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Trom a conversation with Robert Lee
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II. The Alternatives Various conven
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With error correction as the final
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1. Introduction PRACTICAL EXPERIENC
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instruments with digital mapping te
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the patterns and stores the digital
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o Provides the capability to conver
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II.System Description Figure 1 is a
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Status signals are located on the m
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which have been digitized and recor
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Figure 4 Digitized/Recorded Image C
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IMAGE PROCESSING The Image Processi
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II. Background The work reported in
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coordinates from topographic maps.
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polation techniques are available i
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egistrations. In all areas where re
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THE INTERACTIVE IMAGE SYSTEM FOR TH
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The operator may type in commands w
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input, each request being terminate
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The language elements invoke indepe
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IMAGE PROCESSING AND NAVIGATION FOR
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4. Image Acquisition and Amplitude
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disc); - the satellite spin-speed w
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line start. These parameters are se
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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR DIGITAL
Page 95 and 96: need for early warning of impending
Page 97 and 98: In order to manipulate classes of f
Page 99 and 100: depends mainly on the density of fe
Page 101 and 102: A DATA STRUCTURE FOR A RASTER MAP D
Page 103 and 104: FIG. 2. A border with indicated max
Page 105 and 106: pointers associated with the max-po
Page 107 and 108: y-max 1 z \7 'x-min \x-max 3 x-min
Page 109 and 110: DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS SESSIONS Int
Page 111 and 112: Their programs have been developed
Page 113 and 114: that the purpose of the digital ter
Page 115 and 116: equirement for such a program is th
Page 117 and 118: equivalent to locating the lines of
Page 119 and 120: Brassel, K.,1974,"A Model of Americ
Page 121 and 122: It is not the intention of this pap
Page 123 and 124: One feature in this should be empha
Page 125 and 126: neighbouring data points to estimat
Page 127 and 128: Lawson, C.L., 1977. Software for C-
Page 129 and 130: EDIT SYSTEM HARDWARE The IPIN Edit
Page 131 and 132: Each edit terminal will also contai
Page 133 and 134: FIGURE 2. PLOT OF GEOMORPHIC DATA 1
Page 135 and 136: a 0° 0 0 + 0 o 0 FIGURE 4. SELECTE
Page 137 and 138: FIGURE 5. CONTOUR PLOT OF INTERPOLA
Page 139 and 140: absorbed in the merger if the diffe
Page 141 and 142: To an every-increasing degree, the
Page 143 and 144: potential storage volumes of depres
Page 145: Soil type sand, Vegetation trees -^
Page 149 and 150: is particularly important to allow
Page 151 and 152: (b) If Z-coordinate of the vertex B
Page 153 and 154: Figure 3a. TIN DTM Projection Figur
Page 155 and 156: URBAN MAPPING SESSIONS Introduction
Page 157 and 158: Norfolk, and Hampton Virginia. Part
Page 159 and 160: MAPPING SERVICES IN FAIRFAX COUNTY,
Page 161 and 162: If errors are detected they are res
Page 163 and 164: Some are only printed as the stocks
Page 165 and 166: URBAN MAPPING AND RELATED AUTOMATED
Page 167 and 168: tersection matching program was wri
Page 169 and 170: The selection of coding schemes wil
Page 171 and 172: cartography and are firmly committe
Page 173 and 174: main purpose of this paper. Five of
Page 175 and 176: The project was undertaken specific
Page 177 and 178: play and analysis. By breaking from
Page 179 and 180: The operating system environment is
Page 181 and 182: INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MAPPING* Thoma
Page 183 and 184: - By displaying variables in map fo
Page 185 and 186: with a start - head- and an end -ta
Page 187 and 188: Rovner, P.D and Feldman, J.A., 1968
Page 189 and 190: eading this complex type of map, (2
Page 191 and 192: y a law pertaining to persons 65 an
Page 193 and 194: So far the analysis has been concer
Page 195 and 196: enta separation to the family age g
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Mortality maps have been widely use
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1970 population values, growth rate
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CANCER MORTALITY BY CENSUS TRACT 19
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References Burbank, F., Epidemiolog
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Computer graphics is changing all t
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time to define the uses to which th
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tually complete - we had a meeting
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EXPLORATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS SES
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AUTOMATED MAPPING AND FACILITIES MA
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turned out to be a boon for automat
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As an example, one utility had five
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suburb of Denver, is a group of eng
Page 221 and 222:
Introduction CADAE * (COMPUTER AIDE
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using CADAE, but the convenience an
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fractions of an inch to 1/64 or in
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Now that the viability of CADAE has
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"LANDFORM" LAND ANALYSIS AND DISPLA
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(2) Information Display (3) Design
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scales, and perspective views can b
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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL
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Once the Map Grids are complete, th
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TOPOLOGICAL MODELS FOR ARCHITECTURA
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dimension, may be oriented in two w
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1-cells, and the 0-cells on the bou
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IX. One and two-dimensional structu
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looking from c^ to c9 near side far
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Figure 4 File Layout for Model of a
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DATA BASES, SMALL SYSTEMS There wer
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The consistency requirements are se
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A 0-cell is A 1-cell is a A 2-cell
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is a 2-ditnensional surface, and pr
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Our Algorithm From the topological
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(a) graph \ (b) disk: node 5 lO (c)
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as earthquake damage assessment, lo
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data is relatively simple. Problems
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In theory, the structure of such a
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BASIS resides on a minicomputer ope
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DATA BASES, LARGE SYSTEMS SESSIONS
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Robert Haralick and Linda Shapiro o
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED ENVIRONMENTAL DAT
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System (GRIDS) and Calma Mapping Sy
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Results Space does not permit the r
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encoded data appear to be very sign
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NATIONAL OCEAN SURVEY—AUTOMATED I
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centered at NOS Headquarters, but r
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separately. There are also five of
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graphic, chart base, and labels may
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Introduction GEOMODEL - INTEGRATED
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ace, income, miles of bus-lines, or
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phrase pointer Figure Ib. 1-cell Fe
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Implementation The development plan
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ECQBASE OF BRITAIN: status report o
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1. Coastlines (high water mark) inc
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much statistical data, e.g. , from
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Figure 1 Scale of digitisation of p
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I. Introduction A DATA STRUCTURE FO
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One obvious division of the state i
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Figure 2 illustrates this structure
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Raster or grid form is another form
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For each type of spatial data struc
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The following questions are possibl
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4. Freeman, H., "Computer Processin
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also be generalized to remove exces
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Figure I. On the left, a map of zon
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The other important role the error
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REFERENCES Corbett, J. (1975). "Top
Page 329 and 330:
The fundamental building block of a
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discussed previously are of the COD
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[2] Bonczek, R. H.; Holsapple, C. W
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REFERENCE BASE REFERENCE LINES NAP
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Polygon data, in contrast, results
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An alternative to grid resampling i
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Should this table already contain a
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Murray, F. W. (1968) A_ Method of O
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ships between units, and thereby fe
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ture, encode, reduce, edit, format,
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could be assigned to each 40-acre g
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more on chain encoding rather than
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RIDS-CURRENT TECHNOLOGY IN RESOURCE
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The RID system is designed to overl
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Data Input Once the relevant data h
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Data Manipulation Timber Contour Cu
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SMALL
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III. The National Small-Scale Data
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cally-structured data base is under
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Appendix A: HAWAII: Hydrography U>
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, SMALL SYST
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options but it also extends our res
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sis techniques) information not pre
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media forming input to the system i
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D. CIS Data Base Limitations There
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input space into a set of 8 x 8 sub
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esolution of the system and the num
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impractical to use this terminal fo
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and heat from power plants into wat
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The present and future Low-resoluti
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Development of GIMMAP at the Kansas
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The second area of development is a
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GROUP Fig. 1
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MOVING INTERACTIVE THEMATIC MAPPING
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directives. Both map and data files
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Parameters are commonly of the form
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7. Conclusions In the s:!x months C
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, LARGE SYST
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developed at LBL has been particula
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printed at a common scale and forma
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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V. Production Sequence The most imp
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1. Introduction MULTIPLE SYSTEM INT
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measurements during map compilation
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Photogrammetric —— > Digitizer/
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intersections. These are a few exam
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Introduction ENERGY ANALYSIS BY MEA
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enabled us to undertake runs consit
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Cost (k $) (D CD M M
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which seek to incorporate powerful
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ELECTRON BEAM RECORDERS FOR AUTOMAT
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data files are supplied as an 8 Bit
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signals representative of map featu
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composite photograph prepared to sh
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Figure 5 16 AAIPS Approach Charts R
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Figure 8 - LANDSAT Image Recorded i
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AUTO-CARTO IV STAFF AND COMMITTEES
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University of Kansas Mike Hogben A'
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Efi Arazi, President Sci-Tex Corp.,
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Peter F. Bermel Chief, Eastern Mapp
Page 449 and 450:
Sherry K. Brown Princeton Universit
Page 451 and 452:
Steven D. Clark Petroleum Informati
Page 453 and 454:
Richard Davis NOAA, NOS 6001 Execut
Page 455 and 456:
John Durkin Suiranagraphics 35 Bren
Page 457 and 458:
E. Porrest A-E-C Automation Newslet
Page 459 and 460:
Barry J. Glick Middlebury College M
Page 461 and 462:
Jim Hargis M & S Computing Co. 14 I
Page 463 and 464:
Howard C. Hopps Dept. of Pathology
Page 465 and 466:
Lee P. Johnston GeoGraphic Decision
Page 467 and 468:
Herbert Kressler Defense Mapping Sc
Page 469 and 470:
D. Richard Lycan Center for Pop. Re
Page 471 and 472:
Robert K. McKinney Weyerhaeuser Co.
Page 473 and 474:
Joel L. Morrison Dept. of Geography
Page 475 and 476:
David Osiecki 83 Gerber Rd. South W
Page 477 and 478:
A.D. Poole Phillips Petroleum Co. 2
Page 479 and 480:
Dirck L. Rotty USDA Forest Service
Page 481 and 482:
Craig L. Shafer NFS 18 & C Street,
Page 483 and 484:
Bobby Staudt M & S Computing 406 Au
Page 485 and 486:
Laure Thompson George Mason Univers
Page 487 and 488:
D.J. Walker Image Graphics 107 Ardm
Page 489 and 490:
Alberta Auringer Wood Chairperson,
Page 491 and 492:
AUTHOR INDEX - VOLUME II Allam, M.
Page 493:
Schmidt, Warren E. ...............
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