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18 19 21 23 25 29 © (16,11) (6,9) (18) (3,7) © (12.4) 30 16 35 6 36 © © © 0 0 © ^ © 0 (1?) 2 0 @@ ) @ 0 (T" 0 (2? 2 7 37 © 2 (T) 0 (2!) 2 8 38 9 39 10 40 11 31 12 26 13 27 14 32 4 33 ©©©®@©@ 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 ••— ©©©©© 00000 •• —————— 1 1 24 28 34 © ®@©©©®@© 201 0 0 0 0 0 — | (2? )© (33) 0 o ^ —————— ... FIG. 3. Encoding of the border step by step. The numbers within rings correspond to the numbers on the border. has to be space to append more links. Therefore, the chains are built in a buffer storage and depending on the size of the buffer, completed regions, chain-pairs or if a chain becomes extremely long, a part of a chain are transferred to secondary storage. The max-points with pointers to the R-chains are stored separately in a dictionary. In rewriting mode, the max-points are re placed as above. The chain-links must be retrieved from the list of chain-links at positions indicated by the 88 ® 2 20 22 © 3 5 15 17
pointers associated with the max-points. The encoding using this code is exemplified in figure 3. The nesting of objects and holes, objects within holes and so on, can be revealed concurrently with the en coding. The principle is basically the same as for com ponent labelling with the run-tracking method (4). The max-points introduce new possible interpretations, and min-points solve the ambiguities (3). Coding of lines The digitized lines are thinned to one pixel width and then encoded. The lines can be non-intersecting closed contour lines (elevation data) or a general graph with nodes and branches (region map or road map). As before, the code can be stored only for retrieval and display or stored to be accessible both as raster data and line entities. The non-intersecting closed contour lines do not change anything from the previous section except that the interior of a border is not filled with 1's in the rewriting mode. The general graphs are based on single lines (branches) and nodes.,so we must introduce single chain max-point and min-point, called respectively start-point and end- point (FIG. 4). For the simple raster format encoding, four stacks must be stored: start-point, max-point, end- point and the stack of chain-links. The min-points are, as before, detected automatically during reconstruction The start-point indicates the beginning of a single chain or a fork. An end-point indicates the end of a single chain or when two chains join to one. FIG.4.A unit width graph with start-points and end-points 89
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'/1UTO QIRTO IV Proceedings of the
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SPONSORED BY: Proceedings of the Vo
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FOREWORD This is the fourth confere
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PREFACE The technical articles cont
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The Use of Computer Generated Maps
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Interactive Computer Mapping ......
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A Formal Model of a Cartographic In
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PHOTOGRAMMETRY SESSIONS Introductio
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William 0. Lucoff of Cal. State at
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widths may be varied at random from
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command codes to the minicomputer a
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Figure 2 Computer Controller EXPOSU
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— 1 X 0 u_ ABCDE M X ^ ^j to C£
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Figure 12 Portion of 48"X60" Chart
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3. THE GAS SYSTEM Chicago Aerial Su
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mode and guides the operator throug
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Figure 1 - Input Edit Figure 2 - Li
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Figure 7 - illegal Elevations Figur
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L Figure 11-Matching Between Models
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1. Street trees are defined as any
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exists between the calculated data
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Trom a conversation with Robert Lee
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II. The Alternatives Various conven
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With error correction as the final
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1. Introduction PRACTICAL EXPERIENC
Page 53 and 54: instruments with digital mapping te
Page 55 and 56: the patterns and stores the digital
Page 57 and 58: o Provides the capability to conver
Page 59 and 60: II.System Description Figure 1 is a
Page 61 and 62: Status signals are located on the m
Page 63 and 64: which have been digitized and recor
Page 65 and 66: Figure 4 Digitized/Recorded Image C
Page 67 and 68: IMAGE PROCESSING The Image Processi
Page 69 and 70: II. Background The work reported in
Page 71 and 72: coordinates from topographic maps.
Page 73 and 74: polation techniques are available i
Page 75 and 76: egistrations. In all areas where re
Page 77 and 78: THE INTERACTIVE IMAGE SYSTEM FOR TH
Page 79 and 80: The operator may type in commands w
Page 81 and 82: input, each request being terminate
Page 83 and 84: The language elements invoke indepe
Page 85 and 86: IMAGE PROCESSING AND NAVIGATION FOR
Page 87 and 88: 4. Image Acquisition and Amplitude
Page 89 and 90: disc); - the satellite spin-speed w
Page 91 and 92: line start. These parameters are se
Page 93 and 94: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR DIGITAL
Page 95 and 96: need for early warning of impending
Page 97 and 98: In order to manipulate classes of f
Page 99 and 100: depends mainly on the density of fe
Page 101 and 102: A DATA STRUCTURE FOR A RASTER MAP D
Page 103: FIG. 2. A border with indicated max
Page 107 and 108: y-max 1 z \7 'x-min \x-max 3 x-min
Page 109 and 110: DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS SESSIONS Int
Page 111 and 112: Their programs have been developed
Page 113 and 114: that the purpose of the digital ter
Page 115 and 116: equirement for such a program is th
Page 117 and 118: equivalent to locating the lines of
Page 119 and 120: Brassel, K.,1974,"A Model of Americ
Page 121 and 122: It is not the intention of this pap
Page 123 and 124: One feature in this should be empha
Page 125 and 126: neighbouring data points to estimat
Page 127 and 128: Lawson, C.L., 1977. Software for C-
Page 129 and 130: EDIT SYSTEM HARDWARE The IPIN Edit
Page 131 and 132: Each edit terminal will also contai
Page 133 and 134: FIGURE 2. PLOT OF GEOMORPHIC DATA 1
Page 135 and 136: a 0° 0 0 + 0 o 0 FIGURE 4. SELECTE
Page 137 and 138: FIGURE 5. CONTOUR PLOT OF INTERPOLA
Page 139 and 140: absorbed in the merger if the diffe
Page 141 and 142: To an every-increasing degree, the
Page 143 and 144: potential storage volumes of depres
Page 145 and 146: Soil type sand, Vegetation trees -^
Page 147 and 148: References Brnjac, M; Carlsen, L; M
Page 149 and 150: is particularly important to allow
Page 151 and 152: (b) If Z-coordinate of the vertex B
Page 153 and 154: Figure 3a. TIN DTM Projection Figur
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URBAN MAPPING SESSIONS Introduction
Page 157 and 158:
Norfolk, and Hampton Virginia. Part
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MAPPING SERVICES IN FAIRFAX COUNTY,
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If errors are detected they are res
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Some are only printed as the stocks
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URBAN MAPPING AND RELATED AUTOMATED
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tersection matching program was wri
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The selection of coding schemes wil
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cartography and are firmly committe
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main purpose of this paper. Five of
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The project was undertaken specific
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play and analysis. By breaking from
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The operating system environment is
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INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MAPPING* Thoma
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- By displaying variables in map fo
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with a start - head- and an end -ta
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Rovner, P.D and Feldman, J.A., 1968
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eading this complex type of map, (2
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y a law pertaining to persons 65 an
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So far the analysis has been concer
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enta separation to the family age g
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Mortality maps have been widely use
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1970 population values, growth rate
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CANCER MORTALITY BY CENSUS TRACT 19
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References Burbank, F., Epidemiolog
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Computer graphics is changing all t
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time to define the uses to which th
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tually complete - we had a meeting
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EXPLORATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS SES
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AUTOMATED MAPPING AND FACILITIES MA
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turned out to be a boon for automat
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As an example, one utility had five
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suburb of Denver, is a group of eng
Page 221 and 222:
Introduction CADAE * (COMPUTER AIDE
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using CADAE, but the convenience an
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fractions of an inch to 1/64 or in
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Now that the viability of CADAE has
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"LANDFORM" LAND ANALYSIS AND DISPLA
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(2) Information Display (3) Design
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scales, and perspective views can b
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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL
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Once the Map Grids are complete, th
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TOPOLOGICAL MODELS FOR ARCHITECTURA
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dimension, may be oriented in two w
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1-cells, and the 0-cells on the bou
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IX. One and two-dimensional structu
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looking from c^ to c9 near side far
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Figure 4 File Layout for Model of a
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DATA BASES, SMALL SYSTEMS There wer
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The consistency requirements are se
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A 0-cell is A 1-cell is a A 2-cell
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is a 2-ditnensional surface, and pr
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Our Algorithm From the topological
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(a) graph \ (b) disk: node 5 lO (c)
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as earthquake damage assessment, lo
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data is relatively simple. Problems
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In theory, the structure of such a
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BASIS resides on a minicomputer ope
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DATA BASES, LARGE SYSTEMS SESSIONS
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Robert Haralick and Linda Shapiro o
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED ENVIRONMENTAL DAT
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System (GRIDS) and Calma Mapping Sy
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Results Space does not permit the r
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encoded data appear to be very sign
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NATIONAL OCEAN SURVEY—AUTOMATED I
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centered at NOS Headquarters, but r
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separately. There are also five of
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graphic, chart base, and labels may
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Introduction GEOMODEL - INTEGRATED
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ace, income, miles of bus-lines, or
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phrase pointer Figure Ib. 1-cell Fe
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Implementation The development plan
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ECQBASE OF BRITAIN: status report o
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1. Coastlines (high water mark) inc
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much statistical data, e.g. , from
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Figure 1 Scale of digitisation of p
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I. Introduction A DATA STRUCTURE FO
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One obvious division of the state i
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Figure 2 illustrates this structure
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Raster or grid form is another form
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For each type of spatial data struc
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The following questions are possibl
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4. Freeman, H., "Computer Processin
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also be generalized to remove exces
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Figure I. On the left, a map of zon
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The other important role the error
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REFERENCES Corbett, J. (1975). "Top
Page 329 and 330:
The fundamental building block of a
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discussed previously are of the COD
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[2] Bonczek, R. H.; Holsapple, C. W
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REFERENCE BASE REFERENCE LINES NAP
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Polygon data, in contrast, results
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An alternative to grid resampling i
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Should this table already contain a
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Murray, F. W. (1968) A_ Method of O
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ships between units, and thereby fe
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ture, encode, reduce, edit, format,
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could be assigned to each 40-acre g
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more on chain encoding rather than
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RIDS-CURRENT TECHNOLOGY IN RESOURCE
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The RID system is designed to overl
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Data Input Once the relevant data h
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Data Manipulation Timber Contour Cu
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SMALL
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III. The National Small-Scale Data
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cally-structured data base is under
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Appendix A: HAWAII: Hydrography U>
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, SMALL SYST
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options but it also extends our res
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sis techniques) information not pre
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media forming input to the system i
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D. CIS Data Base Limitations There
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input space into a set of 8 x 8 sub
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esolution of the system and the num
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impractical to use this terminal fo
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and heat from power plants into wat
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The present and future Low-resoluti
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Development of GIMMAP at the Kansas
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The second area of development is a
Page 393 and 394:
GROUP Fig. 1
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MOVING INTERACTIVE THEMATIC MAPPING
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directives. Both map and data files
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Parameters are commonly of the form
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7. Conclusions In the s:!x months C
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INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY, LARGE SYST
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developed at LBL has been particula
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printed at a common scale and forma
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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V. Production Sequence The most imp
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1. Introduction MULTIPLE SYSTEM INT
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measurements during map compilation
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Photogrammetric —— > Digitizer/
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intersections. These are a few exam
Page 421 and 422:
Introduction ENERGY ANALYSIS BY MEA
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enabled us to undertake runs consit
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Cost (k $) (D CD M M
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which seek to incorporate powerful
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ELECTRON BEAM RECORDERS FOR AUTOMAT
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data files are supplied as an 8 Bit
Page 433 and 434:
signals representative of map featu
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composite photograph prepared to sh
Page 437 and 438:
Figure 5 16 AAIPS Approach Charts R
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Figure 8 - LANDSAT Image Recorded i
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AUTO-CARTO IV STAFF AND COMMITTEES
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University of Kansas Mike Hogben A'
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Efi Arazi, President Sci-Tex Corp.,
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Peter F. Bermel Chief, Eastern Mapp
Page 449 and 450:
Sherry K. Brown Princeton Universit
Page 451 and 452:
Steven D. Clark Petroleum Informati
Page 453 and 454:
Richard Davis NOAA, NOS 6001 Execut
Page 455 and 456:
John Durkin Suiranagraphics 35 Bren
Page 457 and 458:
E. Porrest A-E-C Automation Newslet
Page 459 and 460:
Barry J. Glick Middlebury College M
Page 461 and 462:
Jim Hargis M & S Computing Co. 14 I
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Howard C. Hopps Dept. of Pathology
Page 465 and 466:
Lee P. Johnston GeoGraphic Decision
Page 467 and 468:
Herbert Kressler Defense Mapping Sc
Page 469 and 470:
D. Richard Lycan Center for Pop. Re
Page 471 and 472:
Robert K. McKinney Weyerhaeuser Co.
Page 473 and 474:
Joel L. Morrison Dept. of Geography
Page 475 and 476:
David Osiecki 83 Gerber Rd. South W
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A.D. Poole Phillips Petroleum Co. 2
Page 479 and 480:
Dirck L. Rotty USDA Forest Service
Page 481 and 482:
Craig L. Shafer NFS 18 & C Street,
Page 483 and 484:
Bobby Staudt M & S Computing 406 Au
Page 485 and 486:
Laure Thompson George Mason Univers
Page 487 and 488:
D.J. Walker Image Graphics 107 Ardm
Page 489 and 490:
Alberta Auringer Wood Chairperson,
Page 491 and 492:
AUTHOR INDEX - VOLUME II Allam, M.
Page 493:
Schmidt, Warren E. ...............
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