Central Valley Aquifer, Chapters A and B - MAE Class Websites
Central Valley Aquifer, Chapters A and B - MAE Class Websites Central Valley Aquifer, Chapters A and B - MAE Class Websites
vi Groundwater ..............................................................................................................................47 Predevelopment Recharge, Discharge, Water Levels, and Flows ...........................48 Groundwater/Surface-Water Interaction .....................................................................48 Aquifer-System Storage ..................................................................................................48 Water Budget ....................................................................................................................53 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................53 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................54 Chapter B Groundwater Availability in California’s Central Valley Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................59 Development and the Hydrologic System ...............................................................................................59 Surface-Water and Groundwater Development History .............................................................59 Land Use ...............................................................................................................................................60 Agricultural Land Use ...............................................................................................................61 Urban Land Use ..........................................................................................................................61 Development and Changes to the Hydrologic Budget ..........................................................................62 Hydrologic Budget Components ......................................................................................................62 Recharge and Discharge ..........................................................................................................66 Aquifer-System Storage ...........................................................................................................67 Intra-Annual Variations in Typical, Dry, and Wet Years .......................................................70 Temporal Variation in the Hydrologic Budget ...............................................................................72 Spatial Variation in the Hydrologic Budget ....................................................................................79 Water Levels and Groundwater Flow .............................................................................................79 Land Subsidence.................................................................................................................................98 Surface Water and the Environment .............................................................................................101 Global Climate Change and Variability ...................................................................................................102 Past Climates .....................................................................................................................................102 Future Climate Projections ..............................................................................................................102 Groundwater Sustainability and Management ....................................................................................103 Groundwater Sustainability ............................................................................................................103 Groundwater Management ............................................................................................................104 Conjunctive Use .......................................................................................................................106 Water Banking ..........................................................................................................................107 Other Management Strategies ..............................................................................................108 Monitoring the Hydrologic System .........................................................................................................109 Groundwater ......................................................................................................................................110 Surface Water ...................................................................................................................................111 Subsidence ........................................................................................................................................112 Water Quality .....................................................................................................................................112 Land Use and Climate.......................................................................................................................114 Summary......................................................................................................................................................114 References Cited........................................................................................................................................116
Chapter C Numerical Model of the Hydrologic Landscape and Groundwater Flow in California’s Central Valley Introduction ................................................................................................................................................121 Model Development ..................................................................................................................................121 Discretization ....................................................................................................................................123 Spatial Discretization and Layering ......................................................................................123 Temporal Discretization .........................................................................................................126 Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................................126 Specified-Flow Boundaries ....................................................................................................128 Pumpage ...................................................................................................................................128 Agricultural Pumpage ....................................................................................................128 Urban Pumpage ..............................................................................................................130 Recharge from and Discharge to the Delta .........................................................................131 Recharge from and Discharge to Canals and Streams .....................................................132 Water-Table Simulation ...................................................................................................................132 Farm Process (FMP) .........................................................................................................................132 Delivery Requirement ..............................................................................................................134 Soils ..............................................................................................................................135 Land Use ...........................................................................................................................135 Virtual Crop Maps ..................................................................................................139 Crop-Type Data .......................................................................................................143 Climate Data ....................................................................................................................151 Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) ...................................................................151 Precipitation ...........................................................................................................152 Surface-Water Supply ............................................................................................................152 Groundwater Supply ...............................................................................................................152 Net Recharge ...........................................................................................................................154 Hydraulic Properties.........................................................................................................................154 Hydraulic Conductivity ............................................................................................................156 Storage Properties ..................................................................................................................158 Hydrogeologic Units ...............................................................................................................160 Hydrogeologic Structures .....................................................................................................160 Initial Conditions................................................................................................................................160 Model Calibration and Sensitivity ...........................................................................................................161 Observations Used in Model Calibration ......................................................................................161 Water-Level Altitudes, Water-Level Altitude Changes, and Water-Level Altitude Maps .......................................................................................163 Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Maps .......................................................167 Sacramento Valley .................................................................................................167 Delta .....................................................................................................................167 San Joaquin Valley ...............................................................................................170 Tulare Basin ............................................................................................................170 Streamflow Observations .......................................................................................................170 Boundary Flow Observations .................................................................................................173 vii
- Page 1 and 2: GROUNDWATER RESOURCES PROGRAM Groun
- Page 3 and 4: Groundwater Availability of the Cen
- Page 5 and 6: Foreword An adequate supply of grou
- Page 7: Contents Chapter A Introduction, Ov
- Page 11 and 12: Figures Chapter A Figure A1. Map of
- Page 13 and 14: Figure B12. Map of altitude of the
- Page 15 and 16: Figure C28. Pie chart and histogram
- Page 17 and 18: Conversion Factors Inch/Pound to SI
- Page 19 and 20: Chapter A. Introduction, Overview o
- Page 21 and 22: - - precipitation. -
- Page 23 and 24: 40° 39° 38° 37° 36° 35° Klama
- Page 25 and 26: Texture Model DATA Centralized Geos
- Page 27 and 28: Hydrology Water Well Information Aq
- Page 29 and 30: Table A1. Water-balance subregions
- Page 31 and 32: B Red Bluff 0 50 100 Miles 0 50 100
- Page 33 and 34: Delta and Eastside Streams ).
- Page 35 and 36: for about 30 percent of the annual
- Page 37 and 38: 0 50 100 Miles 0 50 100 Kilometers
- Page 39 and 40: A Coast Ranges Clayey lenses Fault
- Page 41 and 42: - the distribution of these pro
- Page 43 and 44: C DEPTH TO MIDPOINT OF INCREMENT, I
- Page 45 and 46: ). The southern part, referred , in
- Page 47 and 48: 3-D Model of Percentage of Coarse-G
- Page 49 and 50: A Layer 1 EXPLANATION Central Valle
- Page 51 and 52: C Layer Corcoran Clay EXPLANATION C
- Page 53 and 54: E Layer 9 EXPLANATION Central Valle
- Page 55 and 56: Geomorphic province— Basin Delta
- Page 57 and 58: San Joaquin Valley ),
vi<br />
Groundwater ..............................................................................................................................47<br />
Predevelopment Recharge, Discharge, Water Levels, <strong>and</strong> Flows ...........................48<br />
Groundwater/Surface-Water Interaction .....................................................................48<br />
<strong>Aquifer</strong>-System Storage ..................................................................................................48<br />
Water Budget ....................................................................................................................53<br />
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................53<br />
References Cited..........................................................................................................................................54<br />
Chapter B<br />
Groundwater Availability in California’s <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Valley</strong><br />
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................59<br />
Development <strong>and</strong> the Hydrologic System ...............................................................................................59<br />
Surface-Water <strong>and</strong> Groundwater Development History .............................................................59<br />
L<strong>and</strong> Use ...............................................................................................................................................60<br />
Agricultural L<strong>and</strong> Use ...............................................................................................................61<br />
Urban L<strong>and</strong> Use ..........................................................................................................................61<br />
Development <strong>and</strong> Changes to the Hydrologic Budget ..........................................................................62<br />
Hydrologic Budget Components ......................................................................................................62<br />
Recharge <strong>and</strong> Discharge ..........................................................................................................66<br />
<strong>Aquifer</strong>-System Storage ...........................................................................................................67<br />
Intra-Annual Variations in Typical, Dry, <strong>and</strong> Wet Years .......................................................70<br />
Temporal Variation in the Hydrologic Budget ...............................................................................72<br />
Spatial Variation in the Hydrologic Budget ....................................................................................79<br />
Water Levels <strong>and</strong> Groundwater Flow .............................................................................................79<br />
L<strong>and</strong> Subsidence.................................................................................................................................98<br />
Surface Water <strong>and</strong> the Environment .............................................................................................101<br />
Global Climate Change <strong>and</strong> Variability ...................................................................................................102<br />
Past Climates .....................................................................................................................................102<br />
Future Climate Projections ..............................................................................................................102<br />
Groundwater Sustainability <strong>and</strong> Management ....................................................................................103<br />
Groundwater Sustainability ............................................................................................................103<br />
Groundwater Management ............................................................................................................104<br />
Conjunctive Use .......................................................................................................................106<br />
Water Banking ..........................................................................................................................107<br />
Other Management Strategies ..............................................................................................108<br />
Monitoring the Hydrologic System .........................................................................................................109<br />
Groundwater ......................................................................................................................................110<br />
Surface Water ...................................................................................................................................111<br />
Subsidence ........................................................................................................................................112<br />
Water Quality .....................................................................................................................................112<br />
L<strong>and</strong> Use <strong>and</strong> Climate.......................................................................................................................114<br />
Summary......................................................................................................................................................114<br />
References Cited........................................................................................................................................116
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