Spanish Grammar Cheatsheet 1

Spanish Grammar Cheatsheet 1
Version 2012-08-25 | CC-BY-SA 3.0 | Matthias Ansorg | ma.juii.net
Adjectives, Adverbs, Nouns: Comparison
equality tan + adjective / adverb + como
form of tanto + noun + como
inequality menos + word + que “less … than ...”
más + word + que “more … than ...”
mejor / peor / mayor / menor + que
elative -ísimo, -ísima (m,f)
superlative def.art. + menos + adj. + de
def.art. + más + adj. + de
def.art. + mejor / peor / mayor / menor + de
Adjectives: Gender and Number
sg
pl
m f
-o, -dor, -ón, -án -a, -dora, -óna, -ána
Articles
sg el
la
lo
pl los
las
-e, -ista
-[sg]s (sg ends in vowel)
-[sg]es (sg ends in consonant)
definite (m,f,n) indefinite (m,f)
Nouns: Gender and Number
sg -e, -l, -ma, -n, -o, -pa, -r, -s,
-ta
pl
Prepositions
un
una
unos
unas
m f
about sobre
after (also: behind) tras
among entre
at a
before antes de
besides al lado de
for (purpose, destination) para
for (reason) por
from de
from the del (

Verbs: Aux Verbs (present indicative)
Spanish Grammar Cheatsheet 2
Version 2012-08-25 | CC-BY-SA 3.0 | Matthias Ansorg | ma.juii.net
“irregular” 1st 2nd 3rd
estar
haber
ir
sg estoy estás está
pl estamos estáis están
sg he has ha
pl hemos habéis han
sg voy vas va
pl vamos vais van
sg soy eres es
ser
pl somos sois son
estar: be, as current / temporary condition
ser: be, as natural / permanent condition
Verbs: Compound Tenses
be about to estar + a punto de + inf.
“estoy a punto de llorar”
comp. future ir present + a + inf. “voy a tomar”
cond. perfect haber conditional + past part. “habría ido”
do again volver + a + inf. “vuelvo a hacer”
future perfect haber future + past part. “habré llegado”
passive estar + past part. “estoy mirado”
perfect present of haber + past part. “he llegado”
past perfect haber preterite + past part. “hube venido”
progressive estar + present part. “estoy veniendo”
terminative acabar + de + inf. “acabo de pensar”
Verbs: Conditional
-ar
-er
-ir
1st 2nd 3rd
sg -aría -arías -aria
pl -aríamos -aríais -arían
sg -ería -erías -eria
pl -eríamos -eríais -erían
sg -iría -irías -iria
pl -iríamos -iríais -irían
Verbs: Imperative
-ar
-er
Informal Positive Informal Negative
sg -a No + -es
pl -ad No + -éis
sg -e No + -as
pl -ed No + -áis
sg -e No + -as
-ir
pl -id No + -áis
Informal Negative: is No + 2nd present subjunctive
Formal Positive / Negative: (No +) 3rd present subjunctive
Verbs: Imperfect Indicative
-ar
-er, -ir
1st 2nd 3rd
sg -aba -abas -aba
pl -ábamos -abais -aban
sg -ía -ías -ía
pl -íamos -íais -ían
Verbs: Imperfect Subjunctive (I)
-ar
1st 2nd 3rd
sg -ara -aras -ara
pl -áramos -arais -aran
-er, -ir sg -iera -ieras -iera
pl -iéramos -ierais -ieran
Verbs: Participles
Present Part. (Gerund) Past Part.
-ar -ando -ado
-er, -ir -iendo -ido
Verbs: Present Indicative
-ar
-er
-ir
1st 2nd 3rd
sg -o -as -a
pl -amos -áis -an
sg -o -es -e
pl -emos -éis -en
sg -o -es -e
pl -imos -ís -en
Verbs: Present Subjunctive
-ar
1st 2nd 3rd
sg -e -es -e
pl -emos -éis -en
sg -a -as -a
-er, -ir
pl -amos -áis -an
Verbs: Preterit
-ar
1st 2st 3rd
sg -é -aste -ó
pl -amos -asteis -aron
sg -í -iste -ió
-er, -ir
pl -imos -isteis -ieron
Word Order
subject → indirect object → direct object → verb
Appendix: Pronunciation (differences to English)
a /a/ father k /k/ scan
b /β/ Ø(baby, bevy) ll /ʝ/ yes
c /k/ scan ñ /ɲ/ canyon
c +e,i
/θ/ (Spain) thing o /o/ sore
/s/ (else) sack qu +e,i /k/ scan
e /e/ set s /s/ sack
g, (gu +e,i) /ɡ/ got u /u/ food
g +e,i /x/ loch v /β/ Ø(baby, bevy)
h (mute) ― y /ʝ/ yes
i /i/ see /θ/ (Spain) thing
z
j /x/ loch /s/ (else) sack

Spanish Grammar Cheatsheet 3
Version 2012-08-25 | CC-BY-SA 3.0 | Matthias Ansorg | ma.juii.net
Sources
● IPA for Spanish, English language Wikipedia, CC-BY-SA 3.0,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Spanish
● Spanish Student Cheatsheet, Struthious Bandersnatch at
the English language Wikipedia, CC-BY-SA 3.0 Unported,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spanish_Student_Cheatsheet.p
df
● others (no verbatim takeovers, so irrelevant for licensing)