Arapaho-English dictionary DRAFT -- last updated June ... - Linguistics

B 

Arapaho-English dictionary 

DRAFT -- last updated June 1, 2006 

Contact Lisa Conathan -- conathan(at)berkeley(dot)edu -- with additions, comments or corrections. 

be • na friend! (vocative) pl béénii • Source(s):C&M 

bebenéh • particle about, approximately, roughly • 

Source(s):DCAU 

bébeenéihi- • vai to be beautiful, pretty 3 changed béébeenéihit • 

Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bebee'éi- • vai to have curly hair • Source(s):DCAU 

bébi'ini- • vai to give thanks, show appreciation • Source(s):C&M 

bebiis- • pv properly, correctly • Source(s):C&M 

bebiisih- • vta 1) to repair s.o. (animate obj.) 2) make s.o. right 

again, as in resting a tired horse • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, 

LJC 

bebiisiihi' • adv properly, correctly • Source(s):C&M 

bebiistii- • vai 1) to fix something, repair something 2) to do 

something correctly • Source(s):DCAU 

bebiistoo- • vai to act correctly • Source(s):C&M 

bebii3en- • vta to fix up or repair s.o. • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

bebii3en- • vti to fix up or repair s.t. • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

bebii3enéihi- • vai to have been corrected, made proper • 

Source(s):C&M 

bece'éenoo • ni-dep shoulder 3 poss. hice'éenoo • Listen: 

nece'éenóó (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

becé'i'oo • ni-dep cheek pl becé'i'óóno • Source(s):DCAU 

becóó • ni-dep thigh pl becóówo 3 poss. hicóów • 


beh- • pv all • Source(s):C&M 

béh- • pv might, if, potential • Source(s):C&M 

behiihi • ni everything • Source(s):C&M 

behiihi' • adv all, entirely, as a whole • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

behiikóóhu- • vai to all go someplace • Source(s):C&M 

beh'éihi'eibéé- • vai to be old • Source(s):C&M 

beh'eihóóx • na old horse • Source(s):DCAU 

beh'iihehihi' • na little old man (diminutive) pl beh'éihehihó' • 

Source(s):C&M 

beh'iihehi' • na old man pl beh'iihohó' obv. sg. beh'iihehihó obv. 

pl. beh'iihohó • Listen: beh'iihehi' (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

beh'iihehiini- • vai to be an old man • Source(s):DCAU 

bei • ni needle, pin pl beihó • Listen: bei (AB) • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

béici3 • ni-dep tooth pl béicito 3 poss. hiniici3 • Source(s):DCAU 

béihko' • na squash pl béihkou'u • Listen: bexko' (AB) • 


beihooó • ni-dep collarbone • Source(s):DCAU 

beis- • pv all • Source(s):C&M 

beisiihi' • adv 1) all, entirely, completely 2) everyone • Listen: 

beisiihi' (ZM) , beisiihi' (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

béiso- • vii to be whole • Source(s):DCAU 

béi3e'ee • ni-dep hair on one's head pl béi3e'éenó 3 poss. 

hinii3e'ee Listen: hinii3e'ee (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU 

bei3éés • ni scalp pl bei3eesii • Source(s):DCAU 

bei3ón • ni-dep tongue pl bei3óno 3 poss. hinii3ón • Listen: 

B C H K N S T 3 W X Y ' 

hinii3ón (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

bei3óó • ni-dep penis 3 poss. hinii3óó • Source(s):ALKms, AD 

(Arapaho Dialects), DCAU 

béiteh'éi • na-dep friend, partner 3 poss. hineiteh'eiho Note: Used 

by men. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

beitooó • ni-dep throat 3 poss. hiitooó • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU, LJC 

bei' • particle suppose that ..., "let's pretend that ..." • 


bei'ci3éib- • vai to have money • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béi'ci3eiceeteyehi3i' • na (pl.) ball bearings • Source(s):LJC 

bei'ci3éinii'ehihi' • na ['little metal bird'] hummingbird • 

Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

béi'ci3eiséénok • na 'metal rope' cable • Source(s):LJC 

béi'ci3eiyeini3ee- • vai to have iron or metal horns • 

Source(s):C&M 

bei'ci3éii • ni (pl.) money • Source(s):DCAU 

béi'ci3e' • ni 1) metal, iron, steel 2) coin, money pl béi'ci3éi'i • 


bei'ci3ééyookuu • ni eyeglasses, glasses • Source(s):DCAU 

bei'i • ni shell, seashell pl bei'ii • Listen: bei'i (WiC) , bei'ii (WiC) 

• Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béi'ici3éihi- • vai to be red hot • Source(s):C&M 

bei'icitee- • vii to be red hot • Source(s):DCAU 

béi'inéihi- • vai to be painted red ceremonially • Source(s):C&M 

béi'ini- • vai to have been painted red ceremonially • 

Source(s):C&M 

béi'ini- • vii to be painted red • Source(s):C&M 

béi'i'ei- • vai to paint oneself red • Source(s):C&M 

béi'i'éiniiciihéhe' • ni ['little shell river'] North Platte River 

Bei'i'iiniicie • placename the name of several rivers including the 

North Platte River and the Michigan River • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

béi'iisóó • ni doll • Source(s):DCAU 

béi'oo'oee3- • vti to paint s.t. red • Source(s):DCAU 

bei'téi • na-dep louse, bedbug pl béi'téiwó', beteiwó' obv. sg. 

béi'téiw • Source(s):DCAU 

ben • ni pus • Listen: ben (AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

béne- • vai to drink • Source(s):DCAU 

benéhe' • ni island pl benóh'o • Source(s):DCAU 

bénes • ni-dep arm pl benéxo Note: Possibly archaic. bénes AO • 

Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

benéét • ni drink • Source(s):DCAU 

beniice' • ni summer • Source(s):DCAU 

beniiihi' • adv quilled, decorated with quill work 

beniiinén • na 1) ?member of a group such as a ceremonial Lodge 

2) soldier pl beniiinénnó' • Listen: beniiinén (LD) , 

beniiinénnó' (LD) • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

beniiinóókee • na military officer pl beniinóókeeno' • 

Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

beniini- • vii to be full of pus 3 changed beeniini' • 


beniisice'éé' • ni ['hairy potato/sphere'] peach pl beniisice'éi'i •


benii3it- • vti to drink s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

beniixóxko'ó' • na ['it has a bearded chin'] (mountain) goat pl 

beniixóxko'ou'u • Source(s):DCAU 

bénii'owuuni- • vii to be spring • Source(s):DCAU 

bénii'owuusiis • ni April • Source(s):DCAU 

benohéino'oowu' • ni bar, saloon • Source(s):DCAU 

bénohóóxobei- • vai to water horses, give water to horses • 

Source(s):C&M 

benoucét- • vti to taste s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

benóucob- • vti to taste s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bénou'oo- • vii to have an odor, smell 3 changed béénou'oo' • 


benóu'oo- • vai to have an odor, to smell • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bénoob- • vta to smell s.o. (anim. obj.) 3:3' changed beenóówoot • 


benóót- • vti to smell s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bes • ni 1) wood, piece of wood 2) stick, rod pl béxo • Listen: bes 

(AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

bés- • vta to hit s.o., as with a bullet or arrow • Source(s):C&M 

bescóoó' • ni chest 3 poss. hiscóoó' • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

bésen- • vta to touch s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

besénowuun- • vta to vote for s.o. 3:3' changed beesenowuunoot • 


béses • ni-dep lip pl bésesii 3 poss. hisesii • Source(s):DCAU 

beséyei- • vai 1) to vote 2) to vote affirmatively • 


besé' • ni-dep toe pl besé'eno 3 poss. hisé' • Source(s):DCAU 

beséee- • vai to gather wood • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

besihii'oo3i- • vai to have a wooden leg 3 changed beshii'oo3it • 


besiiise' • ni-dep eye pl besiiséi'i • Listen: besiiise' (WaC) , 

nesiiise' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

besiino'oowu' • ni ['wooden house'] log house • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

besiite'ein- • vta to hit s.o. on the head with an object • 

Source(s):C&M 

béskootéé • ni ear of corn pl béskootééno • Source(s):DCAU 

besnóoó • ni 1) wooden vessel such as pan or plate 2) extended to 

dishes or tableware not made from wood pl besnoono • 

Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms, LJC 

bésonon • ni-dep neck pl bésonono 3 poss. hisonon • 

Source(s):ALKms, DCAU, LJC 

besóo • ni-dep buttocks pl besoonó • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

besoone'éinih'óó3oo • na scorpion • Source(s):DCAU 

besoonobéé- • vai to eat raw meat • Source(s):DCAU 

besoowu' • ni lean-to • Source(s):DCAU 

besooyóó- • vii (meat) to be raw • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bé3en • ni-dep breast pl be3éno • Source(s):DCAU 

be3énec • ni, ni-dep milk 3 poss. hibe3éneciib • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

be3énecó'ono • ni rush skeletonplant, skeletonweed, scientific 

name lygodesmia juncea • Source(s):ALKms, JAC 2005 

be3e'- • pv hard • Source(s):LJC 

be3e'eihi- • vai to be hard 3 changed béé3e'éiht • Source(s):DCAU 

bé3e'éé- • vii to be hard, stiff, tough 3 changed béé3e'éé' • 


be3e'ibes • ni hardwood • Source(s):DCAU 

be3e'xóh'- • vti to iron s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

be3e'xóh'ei- • vai to iron • Source(s):DCAU 

bé3e'xóh'oe • ni flatiron, iron pl bé3e'xóh'oe • Listen: be3o'xoh'óé 

2 

(WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bé3ee- • vai to vomit • Source(s):DCAU 

be3éés • ni-dep testicle pl be3éésno' 3 poss. hi3éés • 


bé3in • ni-dep 1) belly button 2) umbilical cord pl bé3inó' 3 poss. 

hi3in • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bé3it • ni-dep anus pl be3itno • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

be3ii3 • na-dep wart pl be3ii3iwo' 3 poss. hi3ii3iiw • 


be3o'óseinoo- • vii (meat) to be tough 3 changed bee3o'óseinoo' • 


be3o'óóceihi- • vai (e.g. a rope) to be stiff 3 changed 

bee3o'óóceiht • Listen: bee3o'óóceiht (WiC) • 


be3óot • ni vomit 3 poss. hibe3óót • Source(s):DCAU 

betébi • na old woman • Source(s):C&M 

betebihiisei • na old woman • Source(s):DCAU 

betebihóókec • na old cow • Source(s):DCAU 

betebih'ehihi', betébihihi' • na little old woman (diminutive) • 


betéi • na flea pl betéiwo' obv. sg. betéiw • Source(s):DCAU 

betéihii • na dancer pl beteehiiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

beténeyóoó • ni-dep (human) body pl beténeyóóno • 


bétee • ni-dep heart pl betóóho • Listen: bétee (WiC) • 

Source(s):Hayden 1863, DCAU, LJC 

bétee- • vai 1) to be holy, to habitually act in a holy or sacred way 

2) to have sacred powers 3 changed bééteet • 

Source(s):ALKms, DCAU, C&M 

betééc • ni-dep brain pl betééc(i)no, betééko, betéécii • Listen: 

betééc (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

betéee- • vai to dance • Source(s):DCAU 

betéeeh- • vta 1) to make s.o. dance 2) to have a dance for s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

béteeh- • vta to make s.o. holy, give s.o. holy power • 

Source(s):C&M 

beteen- • pv holy, sacred 

béteenéihi- • vai to be sacred or holy • Source(s):C&M 

betéénee- • vai to sing sacred songs • Source(s):C&M 

béteeneenebéihi- • vai to be thought of in a sacred or holy way, to 

be considered sacred or holy • Source(s):C&M 

béteeneenéét- • vti to think about s.t. in a sacred or holy way, to 

consider s.t. sacred or holy • Source(s):C&M 

béteenise- • vii to be happening or occuring in a holy way • 

Source(s):C&M 

béteeniihi' • adv in a sacred or holy way • Source(s):C&M 

beteeniisini'éhk • particle on Sunday • Source(s):DCAU 

beteeniisi' • ni ['holy day'] Sunday • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béteennih'óó3oo • na ['holy white man'] minister, priest, preacher, 

missionary • Source(s):DCAU 

beteenotii • na ['sacred wheel'] medicine wheel • 

Source(s):ALKms 

beteenóó- • vii to be holy, sacred 3 changed beeteenóó' • 


béteenóótin • ni sacred song • Source(s):C&M 

betééntoo- • vai to do sacred things, to engage in a ritual, to 

worship • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

béteentóóno'oowu' • ni church • Source(s):DCAU 

béteentóot • ni mass (religious service) • Source(s):DCAU 

betéésibi- • vai to go on a vision quest and fast • Source(s):C&M 

betéé3oo • na 1) shadow 2) spirit, angel pl betéé3oono' obv. sg.

etéé3oow • Listen: betéé3 (LD) • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU, 

LJC 

beteetósoo' • num one hundred • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béteetox • num ten anim. bééteetoxu3i' inam. bééteetoxé'i • 


béteetox néésiini • num thirteen • Source(s):DCAU 

béteetox niisiini • num twelve anim. béteetox neniisiini3i' inam. 

béteetox neniisiinóu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

béteetox niisootóxuuni • num seventeen • Source(s):DCAU 

béteetox niitootóxuuni • num sixteen • Source(s):DCAU 

béteetox 3i'otóxuuni • num nineteen Note: Archaic. 

beteexuu'eenoo • ni-dep shoulder • Source(s):C&M 

betihii • ni-dep tail pl betihiino 3 poss. hitihii • Source(s):DCAU 

bétison • ni-dep elbow pl bétisono Note: Archaic. • Listen: bétison 

(WiC) , nétison (WiC) • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

bétii • ni-dep mouth pl bétiino 3 poss. hitii , nétii (LD) • 


betiit • ni-dep heel pl betiitono 3 poss. hitiit • Source(s):DCAU 

betóooh- • vta to make s.o. dance • Source(s):C&M 

betóoot • ni dance • Source(s):DCAU 

betóootnóó- • vii (a dance) to occur 3 changed betóootnóó' • 

Source(s):C&M 

betóo3ét • ni-dep saliva 3 poss. hitóo3ét • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

betóóxebió' • ni-dep face 3 poss. hitóóxebió' , netóóxebió' (LD) • 


bex- • vti to hit s.t. with an object • Source(s):C&M 

béxo • ni (pl.) firewood • Source(s):DCAU 

béxoh- • vta 1) to hit s.o., strike s.o. 2) to touch s.o., make contact 

with s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

béxo'on- • vta to touch s.o. 3:3' changed bééxo'onoot 

bexóókee • na 1) cougar, mountain lion 2) also extended to tiger 

pl bexóókeeno' obv bexóókeen • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

bexookeesóó • na cougar cub, mountain lion cub • 


béyeihi' • ni-dep home 3 poss. hiyeihi' loc. béyeih'e' • 


beyeih' • na-dep lodge • Source(s):C&M 

beyoowu'u • ni ['all lodges'] (pl.) Arapaho religious and 

ceremonial life, especially ceremonial dances such as the Sun 

Dance and dances of each of the lodges pl beyoowu'u • 

Source(s):TA, DCAU, LJC 

be' • ni blood 3 poss. hibe'ib • Listen: be' (AB) • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

be'- • pv red • Source(s):C&M 

be'ebei'ici3e' • ni ['red metal'] gold • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

be'éihi- • vai to be red 3 changed bee'éiht • Source(s):DCAU 

be'éiyoo' • ni little white flat-top flower • Source(s):JAC 2005 

bé'en- • vta to paint s.o. red • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bé'en- • vti to make s.t. red • Source(s):LJC 

be'enóuni- • vii to be foggy 3 changed bee'enóuni' • 


be'énoo • ni 1) fog 2) turtle pl be'énou'u obv. sg. be'énou'u obv. pl. 

be'énou'u Note: The turtle is associated with fog and moist 

weather. • Source(s):DCAU 

bé'e3éinóoo • ni cedar pl bé'e3éinóoono • Source(s):DCAU 

be'e3oo'óó- • vii to glow red 3 changed bee'e3oo'óó' • 


be'exoh'u- • vai to be red hot • Source(s):DCAU 

bé'e'éi • ni wood's rose flowers, possibly also other rose flowers, 

scientific name Rosa woodsii • Source(s):JAC 2005 

be'éé- • vii to be red 3 changed bee'éé' • Source(s):DCAU 

3 

bé'eek • ni ['red/blood gravy'] gravy, blood gravy pl bé'eekuu • 

Listen: bé'eek (AB) • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

Be'eekunen • na ['blood gravy man'] a term for Northern Arapaho 

identified by Kroeber 3 changed Be'eekuneno' • Source(s):TA 

bé'eené'eek • ni ['squawberry gravy'] squawberry gravy • 


be'ééni- • vii to be red • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

be'ib • na vein, artery pl be'iwo' 3 poss. hibe'iw be'ib AO • 


be'inoo'óó- • vii to turn red 3 changed bee'inoo'óó' • 


bé'is • ni-dep 1) nose 2) beak pl bé'isii, be'i3o • Listen: bé'is (LD) , 

né'is (LD) • Source(s):Hayden 1862, DCAU 

be'ise- • vii to be rusty 3 changed bee'ise' • Source(s):DCAU 

be'ii • na-dep snot 3 poss. hi'iiw • Source(s):DCAU 

be'iini- • vii to bleed 3 changed bee'iini' • Listen: bee'iinit (LD) • 


be'iitóoó • na 1) triangular back rest made of willow twigs 2) 

pillow pl be'iitoonó' • Listen: be'iitóoó (WiC) • 


bé'ii'éihii • na ['red bird'] cardinal • Source(s):Cowell ms 

bé'see3 • ni ['red evergreen'] Rocky Mountin juniper, scientific 

name sabina scopulorum • Source(s):JAC 2005 

bé'3ein- • pv having to do with cedar or juniper (Sabina 

scopulorum and Juniperus communis) • Source(s):C&M 

bé'3einó'o • ni 1) cedar 2) juniper • Source(s):C&M 

bee • ni excrement, feces pl bééno • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

beebéihit • na virgin • Source(s):DCAU 

beebei'ón • particle far away, way over there • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

béebé'3e'enéihii • na ['little red-winged one'] red-winged blackbird 

Note: Archaic. • Source(s):Cowell ms 

beebee- • vai (a dog) to bark • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béebeesétee- • vai to have big ears 3 changed beneebeeseteet • 

Source(s):LJC 

béébeet • particle just, only • Source(s):DCAU 

beebiiti' • particle one after the other • Source(s):C&M 

beecét • ni-dep 1) hand, arm 2) a constellation of five stars pl 

beecet(i)no 3 poss. hiicét loc. beecétine' , heecét (LD) • 


beeci- • vii to snow 3 changed beneeci' • Listen: benééci' (LD) • 


beehééc • ni, ni-dep vulva 3 poss. hiitehééc, hiihééc • 


beehééteiht • na Christian God • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

beehiiniisonóónibeihit • na Christian God • Source(s):DCAU 

beenihéhe' • particle a little bit, few • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

béénii'owuuni' • ni spring (season) • Source(s):DCAU 

beenoku3i' • na Pleiades • Source(s):DCAU 

beenookhu'u' • ni bale of hay • Source(s):DCAU 

beenóókuhu' • ni bale (e.g. of hay) pl beenóókuhu'uu • 


bees- • pv big, large 

beesbéteeniisiini- • vii to be a holiday • Source(s):C&M 

beesbetéétosóó' • num ['great hundred'] a thousand • 

Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

beesbinoc • ni pie pl beesbinocóóno • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

beescénee • na ['big grouse'] 1) turkey 2) extended to a exotic 

large birds such as ostriches pl beescéneeno' obv. sg. 

beescéneen • Source(s):DCAU 

beescéneeniisiis • ni ['turkey month'] November •


beesei- • vai to stay in the same place a long time • 

Source(s):C&M 

beeseihtee- • vai to have big feet • Listen: beneeséihteenoo (LD) • 


beeseinéétii- • vai to shout • Source(s):DCAU 

beeseinoehi- • vai to be big, large • Listen: benééseinóéht (LD) • 

Source(s):LJC 

beeséis • ni majority • Source(s):C&M 

béései3e- • vai to be big, large, have a big body 3 changed 

benéései3e' • Listen: benéései3e' (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M, LJC 

beeseiti- • vai to be loud, to talk loudly 3 changed beeseitit • 


bééseséi- • vai to be a grown woman • Source(s):C&M 

bééseeneb- • vta to think highly of s.o. 3:3' changed 

benééseenowóót • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

beesib • ni 1) plum 2) can be extended to include other largeseeded 

fruit such as peaches and apricots pl beesibino • Listen: 

beesibino (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

beesisei- • vai to be an older or bigger girl or woman • 

Source(s):C&M 

beesiiséihi- • vai to have a loud voice 3 changed beneesiiséihit • 


béésnenitee • na elder, old person pl béésneniteenó' • 


beesniicie • ni ['great river'] Mississippi River • Source(s):DCAU 

beesóó- • vii to be big, large 3 changed beneesóó' • 


béesóowuunén • na one of the five 'subtribes' identified by 

Kroeber, member of the branch of the greater Arapaho-Gros 

Ventre tribe which went by this name, variously translated as 

'Great Lakes person,' or 'big lodge person' pl béesóowuunénno' 

• Listen: béesóowuunénno' (LD) • Source(s):TA, C&M 

béesóowuutiit • ni the language of the Béesóowuunénno' • 

Source(s):C&M 

bees3ee3ei- • vai to have big hands • Listen: benéés3ee3einoo 

(LD) • Source(s):LJC 

bées3éé3oo • ni ['great finger'] thumb 3 poss. hibées3éé3oo • 

Listen: bées3éé3oo (LD) , bées3éé3oo (WiC) • 


beestó'obéé- • vii to be wide 3 changed beneestó'obéé' • Listen: 

beneestó'obéé' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

beet- • pv modal preverb, want to • Source(s):C&M 

bee3- • pv a lot • Source(s):C&M 

bee3- • pv completative, finish • Source(s):C&M 

bee3ebééx- • pv close to, close by • Source(s):C&M 

bee3ebééxoyoo3iihi' • adv close by and hidden • Source(s):C&M 

béé3ei • na owl pl bee3einó' obv. sg. béé3ein • Listen: béé3ei 

(AB) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béé3ei be'éih • na ['red owl'] eastern screech owl • 

Source(s):Cowell ms 

béé3ei béeséi3 • na ['big owl'] great horned owl • 


bee3e'ixóó' • ni hardwood • Source(s):DCAU 

bee3h- • vta to bless s.o., pray for s.o. to be successful • 


bee3ibetiit • ni gossip • Source(s):DCAU 

bée3icei- • vai to belch • Source(s):DCAU 

béé3ih- • vta to kill s.o., finish s.o. off • Source(s):C&M, Cowell 

p.c. 

4 

bée3inihii- • vai to finish saying something • Source(s):C&M 

bee3ise- • vii 1) to be worn out 2) to have run out, be all gone 3 

changed bee3ise' • Listen: nihbee3ise' (LD) • Source(s):C&M, 

LJC 

bee3i'éébi- • vai to gossip 3 changed benee3i'éébit • 


béé3ii • ni 1) belly, paunch 2) lining of the paunch of an animal • 

Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

bée3ii- • vai 1) to finish camping, take down camp 2) to leave a 

place behind, as in moving camp • Source(s):C&M 

bee3iihi' • adv 1) finished 2) gone • Source(s):C&M 

bee3iinise- • vii to be finished, over • Source(s):C&M 

bee3iiscii3ihcehi- • vai to have finished running in to a place • 

Source(s):C&M 

bee3osóhoee- • vai to use sign language, to sign • 


bee3osóhowuun- • vta to say something to s.o. with sign language 

• Source(s):C&M 

bee3osóho'o • ni sign language • Source(s):C&M 

bee3osóhoot • ni sign language • Source(s):DCAU 

bee3ó'ote- • vii to be frozen stiff • Source(s):LJC 

bee3o'oubéét • ni ['it has a stiff blanket'] turtle shell • 


bee3ó'o'béé' • ni hard ground • Source(s):DCAU 

bee3o'óoó' • ni canvas, denim or other stiff, densely woven cloth • 

Listen: • Source(s):LJC 

bee3o'óoti' • ni tarp, tarpaulin • Listen: bee3o'óoti' (LD) • 


bée3tii- • vti to complete s.t., finish s.t. • Listen: benée3tiinoo 

(WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

béé3tii- • vai to complete something, finish something • 


bée3too- • vai to finish doing something • Source(s):C&M 

beetéibétee • na flicker • Listen: biiteibétee (LD) • 

Source(s):Cowell ms, LJC 

béete3ééyei- • vai to burn something up • Source(s):C&M 

beetéyook • na 1) bowstring 2) string or rope made of sinew 3) 

also extended to other string not made of sinew pl 

beetéyookuu • Source(s):C&M, ALKms, DCAU 

beeté' • ni bow pl beetéii • Listen: beeté' (WiC) , beeté' (AO) • 


bééte'in- • vai to be curious, want to know • Source(s):DCAU 

bééteet • na Christian God • Source(s):DCAU 

beeteetósoo'uht • ni buffalo robe with one hundred lines of 

ornamentation • Source(s):TA 

béétoh- • pv modal preverb, want to • Source(s):C&M 

béetoxuh'u- • vai to be completely burned up • Source(s):C&M 

béetó'oo- • vii 1) to be finished, over, done with 2) to pass away 3) 

to run out, disappear • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

béetóótinee- • vai to finish singing • Source(s):C&M 

béetóó'oo- • vai 1) to be gone 2) to have passed away, died • 

Source(s):C&M 

beex- • pv a little, a little bit (more, farther, etc.) • Source(s):C&M 

beexéhceniin- • pv a little farther away from the speaker • 

Source(s):C&M 

beexóni' • na ['big rodent'] 1) woodchuck, rockchuck 2) marmot pl 

beexónii obv. sg. beexónii obv. pl. beexónii • 


bééxotii • na Big Wheel • Source(s):ALKms 

beexoubiisee • na ['bare bug'] worm pl beexoubiiseeno' • 

Source(s):DCAU

ééxouu • na ['large fox'] red fox pl beexouhuu • Listen: bééxouu 

(LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

bééxo'- • pv only • Source(s):C&M 

bééxo'éé- • vii there is only (something) 3 changed bééxo'éé' • 

Source(s):C&M 

bééxo'óóteeni- • vii 1) (e.g. a camp) to be laid out in just that way 

2) it is placed in just that way 3 changed bééxo'óóteeni' • 

Source(s):C&M 

bééxo'ootii' • particle just, only • Source(s):C&M 

bééxo'uuhu' • adv only 

bééxookee- • vai 1) to be grown up 2) to be of large stature 

(figuratively) • Source(s):C&M 

bééxookeenén • na 1) grown man 2) important man • 

Source(s):C&M 

beexooku3 • ni ['great tooth'] molar • Source(s):DCAU 

bééxookuu • na ['large mouse'] 1) pack rat 2) wood rat pl 

bééxookuuno' • Source(s):DCAU 

bééxoo3iihi' • adv later, after a while • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

beexu'kuutii- • vai to sift something, as in flour • Source(s):DCAU 

beexuuhu' • adv 1) a little bit 2) kind of, sort of • Source(s):C&M 

beexuuto'ówu' • ni burned land, a burned area • Source(s):C&M 

bééyei3óót- • pv it seems that, it appears that • Source(s):C&M 

beeyóó • particle 1) perfect, just right, right on! 2) directly • 


bee'éi'i • ni squawberry, skunkbrush • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell 

p.c. 

bee'étee' • ni roach (hair decoration worn by dancers) pl bee'etéi'i • 


béé'exooti' • ni 1) mountain birch 2) Osage orange tree pl 

béé'exooti'i • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

béé'e'éit • na ['it has a red head'] red-headed woodpecker • Listen: 

béé'e'éit (LD) • Source(s):Cowell ms, LJC 

bee'éé'eit • na redhead pl bee'ee'éi3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

bee'ice'éé' • ni ['red potato', 'red round'] apple pl bee'ice'éi'i • 


bee'nih'óucoo' • ni ['red pepper'] red pepper • Source(s):DCAU 

bihceyóó- • vii to be pink 3 changed biihceyóó' • 


bihtesé'ei- • vai to be bald, have a bald spot 3 changed biihtesé'eit 

• Source(s):LJC 

bih'ih • na deer, mule deer pl bih'ihii, bih'ihó' obv. sg. bih'ihii obv. 

pl. bih'ihii • Listen: bih'ih (AB) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

bih'ihiihoox • na ['deer-like creature'] 1) mule, donkey 2) horned 

toad, horned lizard pl bih'ihóóxebii obv. sg. bih'ihóóxebii obv. 

pl. bih'ihóóxebii • Source(s):TA, DCAU, Cowell ms 

bih'inkuutii- • vai to turn a light off • Listen: bih'inkuutii (LD) • 


bih'inóu'oo- • vii to get dark • Source(s):C&M 

bih'inóotéé- • vii to be dark in camp 3 changed biihi'inóotéé' • 

Listen: biih'inóotéé' (LD) • Source(s):C&M 

bih'io • ni deer hide • Source(s):DCAU 

bih'iyóó- • vii to be dark 3 changed biih'iyóó', benih'iyoo' • Listen: 

biihi'iyóó' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

bih'iyóóni- • vii to be dark • Source(s):ZS 

bio'nó'oo- • vai to be rich, wealthy • Source(s):DCAU 

bis- • pv up, out • Source(s):LJC 

biscitii- • vai 1) to dig up, uncover 2) to recover or revive 

something • Source(s):LJC 

bisecei'óó- • vii to ooze from the ground 3 changed biisecei'óó' • 


bisecei'óó- • vai to sweat • Source(s):DCAU 

5 

bise'eikóóhu- • vai to briefly stick one's head up to see something 


bise'éini- • vai to stick one's head out or up from behind 

something • Source(s):C&M 

biseenéihi' • adv everything • Source(s):C&M 

bisinihiit- • vti to mention s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

bisinoo'óó- • vii to come out of a place (e.g. the wind from a cave) 

3 changed biisinóo'óó' • Listen: biisinoo'óó' (LD) • 

Source(s):C&M 

bisisee- • vai 1) to appear, come in to view 2) (the sun) to rise 3 

changed biisiseet • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

bisi'i'oot • na ['it appears by growing'] plant • Source(s):JAC 2005 

bisiinoo'oo- • vai 1) to leak 2) (liquid) to appear • Source(s):C&M 

bisiiten- • vti 1) to attack s.t. 2) to raid s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

bisiiton- • vta to attack s.o., raid s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

bisiitoo- • vai to attack • Source(s):C&M 

biskóóhu- • vai 1) to appear suddenly, appear running 2) to go out 

(searching) • Source(s):C&M 

bixóne'étii- • vai 1) to whine, whimper, cry 2) to cry as in 

mourning 3 changed biixóne'étiit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC, 

C&M 

bixoyeinóóni- • vii there are crying sounds • Source(s):C&M 

bixóót- • vti to love s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

bixoo3- • vta to love s.o. 3:3' changed biixóó3oot • 


bixoo3etiit • ni love • Source(s):DCAU 

bi'- • pv just, only • Source(s):C&M, C&M, LJC 

biibeet • na bogeyman pl biibéé3i', biibeeno' biibeet AO • 


biibinee- • vai to eat berries (usually straight from the bush) • 

Source(s):C&M, LJC 

biibinoot • ni 1) berry 2) extended to other small roundish fruit 

such as grape or raisin pl biibinootnó • Listen: biibinoot (LD) , 

biibinootno (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

biibi3ehi- • vai to pray • Source(s):DCAU 

biibi3ehiihii • na person who prays • Source(s):DCAU 

biibi3ehiit • ni prayer • Source(s):DCAU 

biice- • vii to be summer 3 changed beniice' • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

biice- • vii to be summertime • Source(s):C&M 

biiceniihi' • adv in the summertime • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

biiceniisiini- • vii to be a summer day • Source(s):C&M 

biiceniisiis • ni ['summer moon'] June • Source(s):DCAU 

biiceyéihii • na chickadee • Source(s):Cowell ms 

biiciis • ni leaf pl biiciixo • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

biihceyinoo'óó' • ni flower of the aster family, Asteraceae spp. • 

Source(s):JAC 2005 

biihi3 • ni manure, dung, animal excrement pl biihi3ii • Listen: 

biihi3 (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

biihi3ii • ni 1) buffalo chips 2) diaper powder made from dried 

buffalo chips Note: Finely ground buffalo chips were used as 

diaper powder for babies. • Source(s):DCAU 

biihiino'oowu' • ni bathroom, privy • Source(s):DCAU 

biihiino'oowu' • ni outhouse • Source(s):DCAU 

biihóuut • na cricket pl biihóuutowuu • Source(s):DCAU 

biihtése'éit • na ['it has a bare head'] bald eagle Note: Bald eagle 

feathers are commonly used in decorations and ceremonies. • 

Listen: biihtese'eit (WiC) • Source(s):Cowell ms 

biih'inóu'oo' • ni twilight • Source(s):DCAU 

biii • na feather, plume pl biiino' obv. sg. biiin • Listen: biii (AB) , 

biii (LD) • Source(s):DCAU

iiit • ni 1) quaking aspen, scientific name Populus tremuloides 2) 

elms, scientific name Ulmus spp.? • Source(s):JAC 2005 

biikousiis • na ['night sun'] 1) moon 2) month obv. sg. biikousiisii 

• Source(s):DCAU 

biikoo • particle 1) at night 2) last night 3) tonight • 


biikooniihi' • adv during nighttime • Source(s):C&M 

biin- • vta to eat s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

biin- • vta to give something to s.o. 3 changed beniinoot • 


biin- • vti to give s.t. (to someone) • Source(s):DCAU 

biinéhe' • ni fruit, small fruit such as a cherry, scientific name 

Cerasus pensylvanica pl biinóh'o • Source(s):DCAU, JAC 

2005 

biinéihiinóó- • vii to be edible, generally eaten • Source(s):C&M 

biiné'eek • ni ['chokecherry gravy'] chokecherry gravy • 


biiniceb • ni pemmican made with chokecherries • 


biininec • ni chokecherry juice, chokecherry wine • 


biino • ni chokecherries (pl.), scientific name Padus virginiana 

(berries) • Source(s):C&M, JAC 2005 

biinohooó • ni 1) digging stick 2) crowbar • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

biinóh'o • ni (pl.) raisins • Source(s):DCAU 

biinoneeci- • vii to be sleeting 3 changed beniinoneeci' • 


biinonoo'óé' • ni chokecherry bush, scientific name Padus 

virginiana (bush) • Source(s):JAC 2005 

biino3éeenóóx • na packhorse • Source(s):DCAU 

biino3éénotii • ni truck pl biino3éénotiiwo' • Listen: biino3éénotii 


biino3óóhu- • vai to carry a load, pack something • 

Source(s):C&M 

biino3oon- • vta to load s.o. (anim. obj.) with things, pack s.o. up 

with things • Source(s):C&M 

biis • na buffalo cow • Source(s):Cowell ms 

biisbiixuut • ni fur coat • Source(s):DCAU 

biiscihin • ni buckwheat, scientific name Eriogonum spp. • 


biiséihi- • vai to be hairy, furry 3 changed beniiséiht • 


biiséii- • vai to be naked • Source(s):DCAU 

biisetinee- • vai to have a mustache 3 changed beniiséti' • 


biisétinoo • ni whisker 3 poss. pl. hibiisétnoono • 


biisee • na 1) bug, insect 2) ?worm pl biiseeno' obv biiseen biisee 

AO • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

biiseenii3óóteeyoo • ni ['insect weaving'] 1) chrysalis 2) pupa pl 

biiseenii3óóteeyoono • Source(s):Cowell ms, DCAU 

biiseenówo' • na pike • Source(s):DCAU 

biiseenóxu' • ni ['insect medicine'] a medicinal mixture of several 

plants Note: Used as insect repellant, and as a cure for itching 

caused by coming in to contact with moles (the animals). • 

Source(s):TA, JAC 2005 

biiseeyou'óó- • vii to tingle • Source(s):DCAU 

biisib • ni peach pl biisibino • Source(s):DCAU 

biisicei- • vai to have a hairy chest • Source(s):DCAU 

biisih- • vta to feel s.o. 3:3' changed beniisihó' • Source(s):DCAU 

biisi3- • vti to feel s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

6 

biisiyoo • ni pubic hair of a man pl biisiyoono • Source(s):DCAU 

biisi'éi- • vai to be shaggy, have shaggy hair or fur, as in a dog • 


biisi'o • ni nose hair pl biisi'ono • Source(s):DCAU 

biisiinobéé- • vai to watch an event carefully in order to learn 

about it and be able to do it for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

biisiinowoo- • vai to learn something for oneself by watching 

closely • Source(s):C&M 

biisiinowoot • ni act of watching something closely in order to 

learn about it (e.g. a ceremony or skill which one wants to 

acquire) • Source(s):C&M 

biisiinowóót • vti watch s.t. closely in order to learn about it (e.g. 

a ceremony or skill which one wants to acquire) • 

Source(s):C&M 

biisiinowóó3it- • vti acquire a skill or ceremony by watching 

others carefully • Source(s):C&M 

biisii'oot • ni 1) leak 2) discharge pl biisii'óó3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

biiskooti' • ni ['the leaves appear'] May (month) • 


biiskootiiniisiis • ni May (month) • Source(s):DCAU 

biisnih'óó3oo • na ['hairy spider'] tarantula pl biisni'óó3ouu Note: 

TA:438 • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

biisohoo • ni pubic hair (woman's) pl biisoohoono • 


biisóónee- • vai to have hairy legs • Source(s):DCAU 

biistii- • vti to feel s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

biistoot • ni nerve pl biistootno • Source(s):DCAU 

bii3- • vti to eat s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

bii3béé- • vai to cook, prepare food 3 changed benii3béét • 


bii3hiit • ni food, things to eat, what one eats • Source(s):C&M 

bii3hiitoó • ni table pl bii3hiitóóno loc. bii3hiitóóne' • 


bii3i- • vai to eat something specific 3 changed benii3i' • 

Source(s):C&M 

bii3ib • ni food, something edible pl bii3iwo Note: Usually used 

in the plural. • Listen: bii3ib (LD) , bii3iwo (LD) • 


bii3ihi- • vai to eat • Source(s):Hayden 1863, C&M, ZS 

bii3ihiin- • vta to give s.o. food, provide s.o. with food, feed s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

bii3oonóó- • vii there is a canyon 3 changed bii3oonoo' • 


bii3wóuhu- • vai to cook for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

bii3wóon- • vta to cook for s.o. (usually ceremonially) • 

Source(s):C&M 

bii3wóonéé- • vai to have a meal cooked for one • 

Source(s):C&M 

bii3wóót- • vti cook s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

bii3woo3- • vta cook s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

biitéi • na ghost, spirit pl biitéii, biitéino' • Listen: biitéi (WaC) , 

biitéi (WiC) • Source(s):Hayden 1862, ZS, DCAU 

biiteih'ii • na 1) pigeon 2) dove pl biiteih'iiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

biiteiséénook • na ['ghost rope'] vine pl biiteiséénookuu • 


biiteixoxóuhuu • na ['the one who uses dirt'] swallow (bird), 

especially a cliff swallow pl biiteixoxó'uuho' • 


biitobee- • vai to walk, go on foot • Source(s):C&M 

biitobeeniihi' • adv on foot, by walking • Source(s):C&M 

biitoheinénno' • ni (pl.) members of the Spear Lodge •

Source(s):C&M 

biitoheinó'éii • na drum for the Spear Dance • Source(s):ALKms 

biitoheisoo • na ['spear child'] Spear Lodge child, little Spear 

Lodge dancer, one of the two boys who participates in the 

Spear Lodge dance, also identified as a dancer of the fourth 

degree in the biitoh'oowu' dance pl biitoheisoono' • 

Source(s):TA 

biitoh'oowu' • ni Spear Lodge • Source(s):TA, C&M 

biito'ówu' • ni 1) earth, ground, land 2) sometimes extended to 

mean 'floor' loc. biito'owuu' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

biiwóóhu- • vai to cry, weep • Source(s):DCAU 

biixonoo • na plume pl biixonóóno' obv. sg. biixonóón • 


biixót • ni buckskin • Listen: biixót (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

biixóu • ni buffalo cow robe Note: Archaic. • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell ms 

biixoxko'neenote' • na ['bearded sheep'] mountain goat • 


biixóxko'neenóte'uusóó • na kid (young goat) • Source(s):DCAU 

biixoxko'onoo • ni (buffalo) beard • Source(s):Cowell ms 

biixo'oh • ni mocassin lining pl biixo'ohno • Source(s):Cowell ms 

biixóó' • ni lance, long piece of wood wrapped with otter fur, with 

a point, used ceremonially pl biixóu'uu • Listen: biixóó' (WiC) 


biixuut • ni 1) shirt, blouse 2) dress pl biixuutono 3 poss. hibiixuut 


biiyo3óu'u • na colt pl biiyo3óu'uhó' obv. sg. biiyo3óu'un, 

biiyo3óu'o • Source(s):DCAU 

bii'e'éé'eesoo • na illegitimate child • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell 

p.c. 

bii'eenebéihi- • vai to be chosen • Source(s):C&M 

bii'eenéét- • vti to discover s.t. abstract such as knowledge or 

information • Source(s):C&M 

bii'in- • vti to find s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

bii'iih- • vta to find s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

bii'iin- • vta to find s.o. 

bii'iitii- • vai to find something, discover something • Listen: 

bii'iitii3i' (ZM) • Source(s):ZS, C&M, C&M 

bii'onisee- • vai to arrive propitiously, show up at just the right 

time • Source(s):C&M 

bii'ono'oxoh- • vta to bring s.o. to a place just at the right time • 

Source(s):C&M 

bii'owoo3- • vta to defeat s.o., especially in battle • 

Source(s):C&M 

Bii'oxuyoo • na Found-In-Grass (title of a traditional tale and the 

name of the main character in it) • Source(s):TA, DCAU, 

C&M 

bobóóteenebéihi- • vai to be respected • Source(s):C&M 

bobooteenéét- • vti to respect s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

bobooteenów- • vta to respect s.o. 3:3' changed boobooteenówoot 


boh- • pv all, everyone • Source(s):C&M 

bohooó • na thunder • Source(s):DCAU 

boh'óoó • na thunder • Listen: boh'óoó • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

boh'ooo- • vii to be thundering • Source(s):Cowell ms 

boh'ooo hiniic • ['thunder's arrow'] lightning • Source(s):ALKms 

boh'óoonibeé • ni ['thunder feces'] 1) mushroom 2) mushroom 

spores pl boh'óoonibeeno Note: Mushroom spores are 

traditionally used as medicine on open wounds. • 


7 

boh'óoónibino' • ni ['thunder berries'] hawthorn berries, scientific 

name Crataegus spp. (berries) • Source(s):JAC 2005, LJC 

boh'ooonii'eihii • na ['thunder bird/eagle'] Thunderbird • 


boh'ooonoyóót • na ['thunder trap/hook'] rainbow • 


bo'hókoyei- • vai to have syphilis • Source(s):DCAU 

bó'os • ni glans, head of the penis pl bó'osii • Source(s):DCAU 

bo'óuu'éi'oo- • vai 1) to turn red 2) to blush • Source(s):DCAU 

bó'oobé' • ni ['red sand/clay'] Oklahoma • Source(s):C&M 

bo'óóceibiis • ni dogwood, scientific name Swida sericea • 


Bo'óóciinén • na ['red willow man', 'red osier man'] Northern 

Arapaho pl Bo'óóciinénno' Note: A term used by the Southern 

Arapaho for the Northern Arapaho. • Source(s):TA, DCAU, 

C&M 

bo'té' • ni ['red hat'] king (in playing cards) • Source(s):DCAU 

bo'xusin- • vta to paint s.o. red ceremonially • Source(s):DCAU 

bóoó • ni 1) road, trail 2) milky way pl booonó loc. boooné' • 

Listen: bóoó (AB) , bóoó (WiC) • Source(s):Hayden 1863, 

ALKms, DCAU 

bóó3eti- • vii there is a fight, there is a battle • Source(s):C&M 

bóó3eti- • vai to fight with one another, do battle • 

Source(s):C&M 

bóó3etiit • ni fighting, war, battle • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

bóó'ei- • vai to fight • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

boo'óóceiyóókuu' • ni peachleaf willow, scientific name Salix 

amigdaloides • Source(s):JAC 2005, Cowell p.c. 

Boo'oowu' • ni ['red water'] 1) town of Hudson, WY 2) Popo Agie 

creek • Source(s):DCAU 

bóó'oowu' • ni ['red liquid'] ketchup • Source(s):DCAU 

C 

ceb- • pv pass by • Source(s):C&M 

ceb • ni pemmican • Source(s):Cowell ms 

ceb- • vta to shoot s.o., shoot at s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

cebéihko' • na pumpkin pl cebéihkou • Source(s):DCAU 

cebén- • vta to pass s.o. on • Listen: ceebenó' (WiC) , 

nihcebenou'u (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cebén- • vti to pass s.t. on • Source(s):DCAU 

cebenowuun- • vta to pass on s.t. to s.o. • Listen: ceebenowuunó' 

(WiC) , nihcebenowuunó' (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

cebe'ei- • vai to surpass others • Source(s):C&M 

cebe'éici3- • vta to lead an animal along with reins or a rope • 

Source(s):C&M 

cebe'éici3éi'i- • vai to lead an animal along with reins or a rope • 

Source(s):C&M 

cebe'einiihi' • adv beyond (a place, a limit) • Source(s):C&M 

cebe'éitii- • vai to do something more than the limit, go beyond a 

limit • Source(s):C&M 

cebe'éitoo- • vai to do something more than the number of times 

allowed, go beyond a limit • Source(s):C&M 

cebe'éi'oo- • vii 1) to be passed by 2) to be left behind (in 

travelling) • Source(s):C&M 

cebeeniihi' • quarter • Listen: cebeeniihi' (MU) • 


cebeeniineecee • na quarter-chief pl cebeeniineeceeno' Note: This 

term is used for a leader within a society or band who is not a 

full chief (LD). • Source(s):LJC 

cebihcehi- • vai to pass rapidly by, run by • Source(s):C&M 

cebih'ohu- • vai to fly by 3 changed ceebih'oht • Source(s):DCAU,

LJC 

cebikóóhu- • vai to pass by, travelling in a vehicle 

cebikóóhuuhéi- • vai to pass by, when on horseback 

cebinoo'oo- • vii (water) to flow by, run by, pass by 3 changed 

ceebinoo'oo' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

cebisee- • vai to pass by, go by, walk by • Source(s):DCAU 

cebiseeno'uune'etiit • ni the walking life, the roaming life, the 

travelling life • Source(s):C&M 

cebiseenoo- • vii to proceed, happen, go on • Source(s):C&M 

cebit- • vti to shoot s.t., shoot at s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cebitee • ni any oil including cooking oil, shortening, grease, 

gasoline, kerosene, petrolium • Source(s):DCAU 

cebiteenoc • ni ['grease bread'] fry bread • Source(s):LJC 

cebixotii- • vai 1) to pass something along, as a custom or 

ceremony 2) to carry something • Source(s):C&M, ALKms 

cebii- • vai to shoot at someone • Source(s):C&M 

cebiiheti- • vai to play games or gamble with one another • Listen: 

cebiiheti3i' (WiC) • Source(s):C&M 

cebiihi- • vai to move camp along, past a place • Source(s):C&M 

cebiihinee- • vai to gamble • Source(s):DCAU 

cebiihi' • adv beyond, past Note: Used in counting as in 'one 

hundred and one'. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

cebiihiitooni- • vii (camp) is being moved along • Source(s):C&M 

cebiikohéi- • vai to ride by • Source(s):DCAU 

cebiis • ni right side • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cebiisihihiiteeniihi' • adv on the right side • Source(s):DCAU 

cebiisihiiteeniihi' • adv on the right side • Source(s):LJC 

cebiisiiteeniihi' • adv the right side, using the right side • 

Source(s):C&M 

cebii'oo- • vai to come to be, come into being • Source(s):C&M 

cebii'óónoo- • vii to come to be, come to pass • Source(s):C&M 

cébno3éénotii • ni truck • Source(s):DCAU 

cébno3éénotii • ni truck, freight train • Source(s):DCAU 

cébtii- • vai to pass something along • Listen: nihcébtiinoo (WiC) 


cebtokóy • ni tent pl cébtokóyono • Listen: cebtokóy (WiC) • 


cebtóxotii- • vai to lay things across one another, criss-cross • 

Source(s):C&M 

cébtoo'óóku3óó • ni travois pl cébtoo'óóku3óóno • Listen: 

cébtoo'óóku3óóno (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU 

cec • ni winter, year pl cécinii • Listen: cec (AB) • 


cecéhne'eicih • ni halter pl cecéhne'eicihino • Source(s):DCAU 

ceceecéi • ni western water hemlock, a medicinal and ceremonial 

root, scientific name Cicuta douglasii • Source(s):TA, C&M, 

JAC 2005 

ceceecéihi'iihi' • adv in a blessed way • Source(s):C&M 

ceceecéisóho- • vii to be done in a sacred way • Source(s):C&M 

ceceecó'oh- • vta to ceremonially bless s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

ceceecó'ohu- • vai to be ceremonially proper • Source(s):C&M 

ceceecó'ohu- • vii to be ceremonially proper • Source(s):C&M 

cecéecó'ohuun- • vai to ceremonially bless • Source(s):C&M 

ceceecó'ohuuniini- • vii to be ceremonially proper • 

Source(s):C&M 

cechóu • ni ['winter blanket'] quilt, quilted blanket pl cechouwó • 


cechooó • ni mattress • Source(s):DCAU 

cécihéihi- • vai to be soft 3 changed céécihéiht • Source(s):LJC 

cécihóó- • vii to be soft 3 changed céécihóó' • Listen: céécihóó' 


8 

cécihóóceihi- • vai (e.g. a rope) is soft, supple • Listen: 

céécihóóceiht (WiC) 

cecihookok • ni saddle blanket • Source(s):Cowell ms 

cécinbiiciixo • ni creeping barberry, scientific name Mahonia 

repens • Source(s):JAC 2005 

ceciniihi' • adv in the wintertime • Source(s):C&M 

cecinsine- • vai to pass the winter, spend the winter in camp • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceciini' • vii to be winter • Source(s):C&M 

cecii'éihi- • vai to have a rash • Source(s):DCAU 

cecnóhuu • na applied to several types of hawk such as goshawk, 

winter hawk, rough-legged hawk, harrier • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M, Cowell ms 

cectonóx- • vti to plane s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

céctonoxónoo • ni plane (tool) • Source(s):DCAU 

cectonóóbe'eiyóó • ni level (tool) • Source(s):DCAU 

cectoyoo- • vii 1) to be even 2) to be level • Listen: cééctoyóó' 


cehcinouhu- • vai to dress differently (from other people) • 

Source(s):C&M 

céheeku- • vai 1) to blink one's eyes 2) (the Thunderbird) to make 

lightning 3) lightening to flash 3 changed cééheekut • Listen: 

cééheekunoo (WiC) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

céheekuhcehi- • vai to blink 3 changed ceeheekucehit • Listen: 

cééheekuhcehinoo (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

céheekuut • ni lightning • Source(s):C&M 

céhnotóuhu- • vai to holler a lot, make a lot of noise • Listen: 

cééhnotóuhunoo (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

céhnotóu3ei- • vai to make a lot of loud noise (e.g. bugling or 

whistling) • Listen: cééhnotóu3einoo (WiC) • Source(s):C&M, 

LJC 

cehnoocéi'oo- • vii to be fringed • Source(s):DCAU 

céhti3- • vta to call s.o. over • Listen: nihcehti3oot (WiC) 

cehyoooti- • vai to quarrel 3 pl. changed ceehyoooti3i' • 


cehyoootiib- • vta to quarrel with s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

cehyootiit • ni quarrel • Source(s):DCAU 

ceh'éi- • vai burn incense (from cedar) • Source(s):DCAU 

ceh'é3ih- • vta 1) to listen to s.o. 2) to obey s.o. 3:3' changed 

ceeh'e3ihoot • Source(s):DCAU 

ceh'e3it- • vti listen to s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

ceh'é3tii- • vai.t to listen to something • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

ceh'e3tiit- • vti to listen to something • Source(s):C&M 

cei • na 1) gum, pitch, resin 2) sap pl ceinó' • Listen: cei (AB) • 

Source(s):DCAU, JAC 2005 

ceibisee- • vai to move to the side, move over, get out of the way • 


céibiihi' • adv 1) turned aside, to the side 2) in a twisted manner, 

in a crooked manner • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

ceibii3oon- • vta to twist s.o.'s beak or nose • Source(s):C&M 

ceikóóhu- • vai to run towards the speaker • Source(s):C&M 

céinohuutono • ni pearly everlasting, scientific name Anaphalis 

margaritacea • Source(s):JAC 2005 

céi3- • vta to bring something here to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

céi3ibéé- • vai 1) to communicate with spirits 2) to have a 

guardian spirit • Source(s):C&M 

céi3iwooó • na 1) spirit 2) (pl.) radio pl céi3iwoonó' • Listen: 

céi3iwooó (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

céi3iihi' • adv here, in the direction of the speaker • 

Source(s):C&M 

cei3kohéi- • vai to ride into something, such as a patch of forest •

Source(s):C&M 

céi3wó'oni- • vai to have an accompanying or guardian spirit • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceitéihii • na guest, visitor pl ceiteihiiho' obv. sg. ceiteihio 3 poss. 

hiiceitééw , néceitééb (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

céite'éici3éi- • vai to lead an animal towards the speaker • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceiteehi- • vai to have pierced ears • Source(s):DCAU 

céiteenén • na visitor • Source(s):C&M 

céiteeniihi' • adv this side (near the speaker) • Source(s):C&M 

ceitónee- • vai to have a nosebleed • Source(s):DCAU 

céitou'óó- • vai to float towards the speaker • Source(s):C&M 

céitoo • ni earring pl céitoono • Listen: céitoono (WiC) • 


ceitóóh- • vta to pierce someone's ears • Listen: nihceitóóheet 

(WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

ceitóóhetiit • ni piercing of the ears • Listen: ceitóóhetiit (WiC) • 

Source(s):ALKms, TA, LJC 

céitoon- • vta to visit s.o. 3:3' changed cenéitoonoot • 


ceitoosoo' • vii rain is approaching 3 changed ceneitoosoo' • 


céiwóótee- • vii to be located off to the side, has been moved 

aside • Source(s):C&M 

céixoh- • vta to bring s.o. in the direction of the speaker • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceixotii- • vai to bring something here • Source(s):C&M 

cei'isoo' • vii 1) to be separate, set apart 2) to be different , C&M 

cenén- • vta to bring or take s.o. down from a place up above • 

Listen: nihcénenó' (WiC) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

cenén- • vti to bring or take s.t. down from a place up above • 


cénenéihi- • vai to be taken down • Source(s):C&M 

ceneneese' • vii the wind is dying down 3 changed ceeneneese' • 


cénenihcehi- • vai to duck • Source(s):DCAU 

céne3éih- • vti 1) to knock s.t. down or off someplace 2) to 

purchase s.t. • Listen: nihcéne3éiho' (WiC) , nihcéne3éihowoo 


céne3eih- • vta 1) to knock s.o. down or off someplace 2) to 

purchase s.o. • Listen: nihcéne3éihoot (WiC) • 


cénee • na grouse, sage grouse pl céneeno' obv. sg. céneen Note: 

Refers especially to hens (C&M-TM). • Listen: cénee (AB) • 


cénee • na quail pl cenoho' Note: Archaic. • Source(s):Cowell ms 

cenééteenii'éihii • na ['blue bird'] bluebird, blue jay, stellar's jay, 

pinyon jay • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

ceneeteenooxobe' • na green frog (perhaps a bullfrog or a northern 

leopard frog) • Source(s):Cowell ms 

cenééteeyóó- • vii to be blue or green 3 changed ceenééteeyóó' • 


cenis- • vai to fall 3 changed ceenise' • Source(s):C&M 

cenise' • vii it has fallen down, fallen out • Listen: cenise' (LD) , 

ceenise' (WiC) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

ceniih- • vta to butcher s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):C&M 

céniihéihi- • vai to be butchered • Source(s):C&M 

céniihéi'i- • vai to butcher • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

ceniihi' • adv down, downwards • Source(s):C&M 

ceniikóóhu- • vai to run far • Source(s):ZS 

ceniikuu3- • vta to pull s.o. down • Listen: nihceniikuu3oot (WiC) 

9 

• Source(s):C&M, LJC 

ceniikuutii- • vai to pull something down • Listen: 

heetceniikuutiinoo (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

ceniisee- • vai to walk far • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

céniisiini • particle far • Source(s):C&M 

cenii3ise' • ni joint (as in a body part) pl cenii3isé'i • 


cenii3ise' • ni horsetail, scientific name Equisetum spp. and 

Hippochaete spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

céniixóotéé- • vii to be far 3 changed céniixóotéé' • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceniiyóó3eti- • vii a cease fire is in effect • Source(s):DCAU 

cenii'iisise' • ni leftover, something extra pl cenii'iiséi'i • 


cénii'oo- • vii 1) to drip 2) to leak 3 changed céénii'oo' • 


cénkoo- • vii (leaves) to fall 3 changed céénkoo' • Listen: céénkoo' 

(LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cénoho' • na quail pl cenoho' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

cénohó' • ni east • Source(s):DCAU 

céno'uuhu' • particle at the bottom (when looking down from the 

top) • Source(s):C&M 

cenoosóó- • vii to rain down 3 changed ceenoosóó' • 


cenoo'óó- • vai to jump, leap Note: MU reports that when she was 

a child, elders would tell her "ceeceno'oo!" 'jump around!' 

when they heard thunder, and that this would make them 

taller. • Source(s):DCAU 

cenoo'óót- • vti to jump at s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

cenoo'óó3- • vti to jump at s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

censénee' • vii it has fallen down, dropped down • Source(s):C&M 

censénini- • vii it has fallen down, dropped down 3 changed 

ceensénini' • Listen: ceensénini' (WiC) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

censib- • vta (e.g. a horse) to throw s.o. off, buck s.o. off Note: 

Can also be used to describe forgetting the words of a song in 

the middle of singing, or forgetting what one is saying in the 

middle of speaking, e.g. nihcensibéinoo "I lost the words in 

the middle of the song" (WiC). • Listen: nihcensibéinoo (WiC) 


censine- • vai 1) to fall down 2) to be born 3 changed ceenisi' • 

Listen: nihcensinenoo (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ceséceini'oo- • vai to cough • Source(s):DCAU 

cése'éihi- • vai to be different • Source(s):C&M 

cese'eihii • na game, wild quadruped mammal, wild animals 

hunted for food pl cese'ehiiho' obv. sg. cese'ehio • 


cese'eihiinokoy • ni ['animal structure'] den pl cese'ehiinokoyono • 


cesiceibinoo'óó- • vai to start coughing • Source(s):C&M 

cesiceinibi- • vai to cough • Source(s):DCAU 

cesiceinó'oo- • vai to cough • Source(s):C&M 

cesicén- • vti to scratch s.t, e.g. scratch an itch • Listen: 

heetcesicénowoo (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

cesicen- • vta to scratch s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cesice'oo- • vai to itch, be itching 3 changed ceesice'oot • 


cesice'oo- • vii to itch, be itching 3 changed ceesice'oo' • 


cesihcehi- • vai to run away • Source(s):C&M 

cesin- • vti to drop s.t. 3:3' changed ceeséno' • Listen: 

nihcesinowoo (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC

césin- • vta to drop s.o. • Listen: césinó' (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

cesinoo'óó' • vii (water) has begun flowing • Source(s):C&M 

césis- • pv to begin to do something • Source(s):C&M 

césisihcehi- • vai to start running, start moving rapidly, set off 

rapidly • Source(s):C&M, C&M 

cesisih'ohu- • vai to fly away • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

césisih'ohu- • vai 1) to begin to fly 2) to begin to fly away • 

Source(s):C&M 

cesisiikohéi- • vai 1) to begin riding 2) to begin to ride away • 

Source(s):C&M 

césiskuutii- • vai 1) to throw something 2) to turn on something 

(e.g. a radio) or start something up (e.g. a motor) • Listen: 

céésiskuutiinoo (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

césistoo- • vai to begin to do something • Source(s):C&M, C&M 

cési3oo'oo' • vii it gets/has gotten started, begun • Source(s):C&M 

cesiiiyóó • ni wrench • Source(s):DCAU 

césiikoh- • vta to get away from s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

césiikuhnee- • vai to get away, escape • Source(s):C&M 

cesiitéih'ii • na mythical small person, midget pl cesiiteih'iiho' • 


cesoni3ecóó- • vai to be mad, angry • Source(s):DCAU 

cesyoo'óh- • vti to unscrew s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

cesyoo'óhoéé • ni wrench • Listen: cesyóó'ohóé (WiC) • 


ce3- • pv begin to do something, inceptive • Source(s):C&M 

ce3- • vta to catch, trap or capture an animal • Source(s):C&M 

ce3éihi- • vai to have ben caught, trapped or captured • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce3éi'oo- • vai to set out, set off, depart • Source(s):C&M, ZS, 

LJC 

cé3en- • vti to give s.t. away, pass s.t on to others • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce3esó'onéihi- • vai to be chased away by someone • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce3esó'owuun- • vta to chase something away from s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

cé3e3ééyei- • vai to start a fire, get a fire started • 


ce3ikoh- • vta to run from s.o. • Source(s):LJC 

ce3i3ou'óó- • vai 1) to float away 2) to begin to float • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce3kóóh- • vta to run away from s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

ce3kóóhu- • vai 1) to start running, set off running 2) to run away 

• Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

ce3kóóhuuhéi- • vai to ride away • Source(s):C&M 

cé3ohwóó- • vai to begin dancing • Source(s):C&M 

ceténowóhoeti- • vai 1) to hurt oneself accidentally 2) to get 

oneself into trouble • Source(s):C&M 

ceténowoo- • vai to get oneself into trouble • Source(s):C&M 

ceteyéihi- • vai to be round, spherical 3 changed ceeteyóó' • 


ceteyóó- • vii to be round, spherical 3 changed ceeteyóó' • 


cetéésee- • vai to walk in many directions • Source(s):C&M 

cetó'oo- • vai to be dying, about to die 3 changed ceetó'oot • 


ceyótobee- • vii to be false 3 changed ceeyótobee' • 


ceyótow- • pv false, fake • Source(s):C&M 

ceyótowóhoono' • ni geranium, scientific name Geranium spp. • 


10 

ceyótowuunenitee • na ['false person'] a supernatural being • 

Source(s):TA 

ceyótowuunii'éihii • na ['false eagle'] turkey vulture • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceyoxesnóó- • vii the mud is deep 3 changed ceeyoxesnóó' • 


ceyootéihi- • vai to be stubborn • Source(s):DCAU 

ce' • pv again, back, returning • Source(s):C&M 

ce'biisee • na ['round bug'] beetle • Source(s):Cowell ms 

ce'ehih- • vai to be short 3 changed cee'ehiht • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'ehihinen • na a 'short man' in the division between 'short men' 

and 'stout men' in ceremonies pl ce'ehineno' • Source(s):TA 

ce'éibes • ni 1) box 2) barrel pl cé'eibéxo • Listen: ce'éibes (LD) • 


ce'éinóx • ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, 

purse, satchel, trunk pl ce'éinó3o • Listen: ce'éinóx (LD) • 


cé'eis- • pv different, various • Source(s):C&M 

ce'éiyoó • ni 1) container 2) paper bag • Listen: ce'éiyoó (LD) • 


cé'enéihi- • vai to be given back to someone • Source(s):C&M 

cé'eséihi- • vai 1) to be different 2) to be diverse, of various types 

• Source(s):C&M, C&M 

cé'eséiti- • vai 1) to speak differently 2) to speak a foreign 

language • Source(s):C&M 

cé'eseitiit • ni foreign language 

cé'esiihi' • adv 1) different 2) diverse, various • Source(s):C&M 

cé'esóóni- • vii to be different • Source(s):C&M 

cé'es3ootoo- • vai to do various things • Source(s):C&M 

ce'es3óó'ooyóó- • vii to be of varying or changing colors, as an oil 

slick in the sun • Source(s):C&M 

cé'e3i' • particle outdoors, outside • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

ce'ex'oowu' • ni room (in a building) pl ce'ex'oowu loc. 

ce'ex'oowuu' • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'éé- • vii to be approximately round, approximately spherical 3 

changed cee'éé' • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'éecehinoo'óó- • vai to have regained one's strength • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce'eeckóóhu- • vai to come back home • Source(s):C&M 

ce'éecóho'óó- • vai to regain one's strength • Source(s):C&M 

ce'eekuhu- • vii to be in a knot 3 changed cee'eekuhu' • 


ce'eenéti- • vai to talk back 3 changed cee'eenétit • 


ce'eetiit • ni victory dance • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'éex • ni war club, tomahawk pl ce'éexuu • Listen: ce'éex (AB) , 

ce'éex (WiC) • Source(s):TA, DCAU, LJC 

ce'éexóowu' • ni ['tomahawk lodge'] Tomahawk Society • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce'ééxunen • na member of the Tomahawk Lodge or War Club 

Lodge pl ce'ééxunennó' • Listen: ce'ééxunenno' (WiC) • 

Source(s):LJC 

ce'ibes • ni log pl ce'ibéxo • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'ibinóoti' • ni bead pl ce'ibinóoti' • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'ihcehi- • vai to return quickly, run back • Source(s):C&M 

ce'ikotiit- • vti to walk back to s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

ce'inihii- • vai to repeat something (verbally) • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'isee- • vai to walk back • Source(s):C&M 

ce'iskuu3eino'óówu' • ni theater • Listen: ce'iskuu3eino'óówu' 


ce'iskuu3óó • ni 1) film, movie 2) equipment that displays a film

or movie such as a projector or television pl ce'iskuu3óóno • 

Listen: ce'iskuu3óó (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'i3ee • ni ash pl ce'i3eeno • Listen: ce'i3ee (WaC) • 


ce'i3eeniiciihehe' • placename Powder River, WY • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce'iihi' • adv again • Source(s):C&M 

ce'iisiihi' • adv back again in that direction • Source(s):C&M 

ce'iiteyéi • ni knee pl ce'iiteyéino' 3 poss. hice'iiteyéin • 


ce'kóóhu- • vai to run back to a place • Source(s):C&M 

ce'néé'eesinihii- • vai to repeat oneself • Source(s):DCAU 

cé'no'eeckóóhu- • vai to arrive back home • Source(s):C&M 

ce'no'okóóhu- • vai to return (by car) • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'no'óu'oo- • vai to return (by boat), come back (by boat) • 


ce'no'oxoh- • vta to return s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'no'oxoton- • vta to return something to s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

ce'no'uh'ohu- • vai to return (by airplane), fly back (by airplane) • 


cé'no'usee- • vai to return by walking • Source(s):C&M 

ce'no'usee- • vai to return (on foot) • Source(s):DCAU 

cé'no'u3ecóót- • vti to think back on s.t., reminisce about s.t. • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce'no'uukohéi- • vai to return (by horse), ride back (on horseback) 


cé'oowusee- • vai to come back down • Source(s):C&M 

ce'sine- • vai to fall back down 3 changed cee'sine' • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce'3éin- • vti to put s.t. back inside something, e.g. a container • 

Source(s):C&M 

ce'3einowuun- • vta to put something back inside a container for 

s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

ce'3einoo'oo- • vai to go back inside a container • Source(s):C&M 

ce'woniihiiho' • ni peas (pl.) • Source(s):DCAU 

ceebéh- • pv prohibitive, "don't!" • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

céecenoo'óó- • vai to jump up and down • Source(s):DCAU 

céece3ó'oh • particle quickly, before you know it • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceeceeséinoo'óó- • vai to twinkle • Source(s):DCAU 

céecéé'ihéihii • na ['yodeler'] snipe Note: This bird is named for 

the 'trilling' or 'yodeling' sound that women make on 

ceremonial occasions. • Source(s):Cowell ms 

céeciisih- • vta to surprise s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

ceecii'éihi- • vai to have the measles • Source(s):DCAU 

céeetee- • vii to be smoky • Source(s):C&M 

ceeh'éi'i- • vai to burn incense, smudge cedar • Source(s):DCAU 

cééh'ee • ni 1) juniper, scientific name Juniperus communis 2) 

incense pl ceeh'eeno' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, JAC 2005 

ceenén- • vti to lower s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

ceene'eici3oo • ni horse ornament pl ceene'eici3oono • 


ceeneetéénesoo' • ni green grass • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

ceenééteené'einóó' • ni ['blue flower'] bluebell, scientific name 

Mertensia ciliata pl ceenééteené'einóu'u • Source(s):TA, JAC 

2005 

ceenééteeyóó' • ni bead pl ceenééteeyóu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

ceenihcoo' • ni a transparent container such as a bottle, jar, or 

glass pl ceenihcou'u • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ceeniihi' • adv down, under • Listen: ceeniihi' (LD) • 


11 

céénkoo' • ni 1) fall, autumn 2) October • Source(s):DCAU 

ceenóku- • vai to sit down • Source(s):C&M 

céénokuhcehéino'oowu' • ni outhouse, bathroom, restroom • 


ceenókun- • vta to sit s.o. down, have s.o. sit down • 

Source(s):C&M 

ceenonoo3óó- • vii to be mysterious, of unknown cause 3 changed 

ceneenonoo3óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

ceeséi- • pv once, one time • Source(s):DCAU 

ceeséihi- • vai to be silly • Source(s):DCAU 

ceesei'óó- • vii to glow, e.g. embers 3 changed ceneesei'óó' • 


ceeséy • particle 1) one 2) once, one time • Source(s):DCAU 

ceeséy nonóóke' • ni ['first morning'] Tuesday • Source(s):ALKms 

céése' • na a, one, another obv. sg. cééxoon • Source(s):C&M 

céése' • particle just, only • Source(s):DCAU 

céésih- • vta to procure or obtain s.o. (anim. obj., e.g. a horse) • 

Source(s):C&M 

cééston- • vta to procure or obtain something for s.o., buy 

something for s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

ceestówoo- • vai 1) to succeed 2) to accomplish something • 


cééstowuun- • vta to provide for s.o. 3:3' changed 

cenééstowuunoot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cééstoo- • vai to procure or obtain something, buy something 

(typically for oneself) • Source(s):C&M 

ceestóó- • vai to work for wages • Source(s):DCAU 

cééstoot • ni income • Source(s):DCAU 

cée3- • pv by accident • Source(s):C&M 

cee3i- • vai to kneel • Source(s):C&M 

céé3too- • vai to do something by accident • Source(s):C&M 

cée3xóheti- • vai to get oneself to a place by accident, get oneself 

into a bad situation • Source(s):C&M 

ceeteyéhit • na marble, pellet pl ceeteyehi3i' • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

ceeteyóuhu' • ni pill pl ceeteyouhuhu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

ceetéé • ni 1) smoke (from a fire) 2) haze 3) mist • 


ceetéése- • vii to be hazy, misty, smoggy 3 changed ceneetéése' • 

Listen: ceneetéése' (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cééti- • vai to fart, break wind, pass gas • Source(s):DCAU 

cééyowciinéyoono • ni (pl.) vegetables • Source(s):DCAU 

cééyookuu' • ni cactus of some type, scientific name Coryphantha 

or (most likely) scientific name Pediocactus spp. • 


cee'einóóni' • ni sleigh bell (flowers), harebell, scientific name 

Campanula rotundifolia pl cee'einooni'i • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'einóó' • ni bowl • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'én- • vti to distribute s.t., pass s.t. out • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'esé'einóó' • ni flower pl cee'ese'einóu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'eyeino'óowu' • ni ['distribution house'] Fort Washakie, WY • 

Source(s):C&M 

cee'éé- • vii to be frayed, torn 3 changed cenee'ee' • 


cee'eeku3oo • ni a bundle of offerings • Source(s):TA, Cowell p.c. 

cee'éé' • ni ['it is approximately round'] 1) spherical root such as a 

turnip or potato, also takes preverbs to form neologisms for 

any spherical fruit or vegetable 2) Indian breadroot, scientific 

name Pediomelum esculentum 3) lemon scurfpea, scientific 

name Psoralidium lanceolatum pl cee'éi'i • Source(s):DCAU, 

JAC 2005

céé'ih- • vta to permanently give s.o. something valuable and 

useful, as in a knowledge or skill • Source(s):C&M 

cee'ihénihéihiinóó- • vii to be given away, granted (caused to be 

given out) • Source(s):C&M 

cee'in- • vti to distribute s.t., hand s.t. out • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'inonéihi- • vai to be strange, confused, mixed up 3 changed 

cenee'inonéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'inoyoo- • vii to be strange, queer, weird 3 changed 

cenee'inoyoo' • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'nónoo3óó' • vii to be unpredictable 3 changed 

cenee'nónoo3óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'nónootéihi- • vai to be unpredictable 3 changed 

cenee'nónootéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'nóuhnee- • vai to hand out food at a feast • Source(s):DCAU 

cee'óóceihi- • vai to be frayed 3 changed cenee'óóceiht • 


cih- • pv directional, towards speaker • Source(s):C&M 

cihi'nóubee • na gnat ('small fly') pl cihi'nóubeenó' • 


cihi'nówo' • na 1) minnow 2) ?any small fish • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell ms 

cihiixoén- • vti to peel s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

cihkoyóó- • vii to be transparent, clear • Source(s):DCAU 

cihkoowu- • vii (water) to be clear, transparent 3 changed 

ciihkoowu', cenihkoowu' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cihnéés • vai come here! (imperative) • Source(s):C&M 

cih'óéése' • ni screen, mesh pl cih'óeeséi'i • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'óh- • vti to chop s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'óhowoot • ni bone marrow • Listen: cih'óhowoot (WiC) • 

Source(s):LJC 

cih'ohusee- • vai to split wood • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'o3ónkuu3ei- • vai to type • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'o3ónkuu3óó • ni typewriter • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'óte'éihi- • vai to comb one's hair • Source(s):LJC 

cih'óte'eihóo • ni comb, traditionally made from the tongue of a 

buffalo • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

cih'óxuu • ni tinder • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'o'wuuci3ei- • vai to harrow, break up plowed ground • 


cih'o'wuuci3oó • ni harrow • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'o'wuuhóé • ni pick • Source(s):DCAU 

cih'oosóu • ni shawl • Source(s):DCAU 

cis • na nighthawk pl cisii obv. sg. cisii obv. pl. cisii • Listen: cis 

(AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

cis- • pv a duration of time, length of time, a while • 

Source(s):C&M 

cisiiisi' • vii something takes a certain number of days, is done for 

a certain number of days • Source(s):C&M 

cisiini- • vai to take a certain time to do something, take a while • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciwoniinóókhoosé' • field sagewort, wormwood, scientific name 

Artemisia campestris • Source(s):JAC 2005 

ci' • particle again • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ci' • pv 1) also 2) again • Source(s):C&M 

ci'i3 • ni, na calf of leg pl ci'i3no(Ô) 3 poss. hici'i3in • 

Source(s):DCAU, Salzmann 1963 

ci'óx- • vti to slice s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

cii- • pv negation (conjunct, irrealis interrogative, potential 

imperative) • Source(s):C&M 

ciibé- • vai to sweat in a sweatlodge 3 changed ceniibé' • 


12 

ciibénoo'óó- • vai to perform a ceremony or ritual • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciibeen • ni a thing used for a sweat lodge, especially the willow 

frame • Source(s):C&M 

ciibéét • ni sweat lodge pl ciibéétino • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

ciiciihii • na sparrow hawk, kestrel • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

ciihkoowu' • ni clear water • Source(s):DCAU 

ciihóuut- • vai to chat • Source(s):DCAU 

ciiko'ootéihi- • vai to be selfish, stingy • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinécei beh'iihoho' • na (pl.) water sprinkling old men, the last in 

system of the age-grade societies • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

ciinén- • vti 1) to lay s.t. down, put s.t. down 2) to put a bad 

experience behind one • Listen: heetciinénowoo (WiC) • 


ciinen- • vta 1) to put s.o. down 2) release s.o., let s.o. loose • 


ciinén- • vii to plant s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinéntoyóótiini' • vii people have placed/are placing something 

ceremonially, as part of a ceremony • Source(s):C&M 

ciinéyei- • vai to plant, sow • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ciinih- • vta leave s.o. alone • Source(s):C&M 

ciinihi- • vii to be placed down, laid down • Source(s):C&M 

ciini'einéétii- • vai to be cranky • Source(s):DCAU 

ciini'i3ecoo- • vai ['not feel well'] to grieve • Source(s):DCAU 

ciini'i3ecóót • ni grief • Source(s):DCAU 

ciiniiniini- • vai to be separated from one's wife Note: Used by 

men. • Source(s):DCAU 

ciiniisi- • vai to be separated from one's husband Note: Used by 

women. • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinkuu3- • vta to release s.o., to let s.o. go, let s.o. loose • 

Source(s):C&M, ALKms, ZS 

ciinóhoé • ni gas money • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinohuxoono • ni tinder • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinóuhuu • na farmer pl ciinouhuuho' • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinóuu- • vai to farm 3 changed ceniinóuut • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinóuutono • ni (pl.) applied to various crops that are planted 

such as grain (including wheat, rye) or vegetables • 


ciinówouhu- • vai 1) to be delicate 2) to be touchy • 


ciinówóuhuunóó- • vii to be delicate 3 changed 

ceniinówóuhuunóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

ciinówóuhuunóó- • vii to be delicate 3 changed 

ceniinówóuhuunóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

ciino'on- • pv fairly, rather, intensifier • Source(s):C&M 

ciino'onéi'oo- • vii to be fairly large • Source(s):C&M 

ciinó'onicisiihi' • adv fairly far • Source(s):C&M 

ciino'óub- • vta to reject s.o. 3:3' changed ceniino'óuwoot • 


ciin3o'oeyóó • ni straw • Source(s):DCAU 

ciintii- • vai to quit • Source(s):DCAU 

ciis- • pv 1) far in distance 2) long in time • Source(s):C&M 

ciiséihi- • vai to have been surprised, caught unawares • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciisibih-- • vta to make someone frustrated or fed up • Listen: 

ceniisibihéinoo (WiC) , niiciisibihi3i' (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

ciisibinoo'óó- • vai to get tired of something, find something 

monotonous • Source(s):C&M 

ciisiniihiihi' • adv far along (e.g. a path, stream) • Source(s):C&M 

ciisisee- • vai to walk far • Source(s):C&M 

ciisiwoo3oo- • vii to be monotonous, tedious 3 changed

ceniisiwoo3oo' • Source(s):DCAU 

ciisiihinee- • vai to take someone by surprise, as in seizing 


ciisiihi' • adv far away • Source(s):DCAU 

ciisiikohéi- • vai to ride far, ride a long ways • Source(s):C&M 

ciiskóx3iihi' • adv far on the other side of a hill or mountain, far 

over the top of a hill or mountain • Source(s):C&M 

ciiskóóhu- • vai 1) to run far 2) to travel a long distance • 


ciistonóót- • vti to keep s.t. burning a long time, keep s.t. burning 

continuously • Source(s):C&M 

ciit- • pv into, inside • Source(s):C&M 

cii3en- • vta to take s.o. into a place • Source(s):C&M 

cii3hiihi' • adv from inside a place (moving outwards) • 

Source(s):C&M 

cii3ibii- • vai to put on a clothes • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

cii3ihcehi- • vai to enter rapidly, to run in to a structure • 

Source(s):C&M 

cii3ihcehi- • vai to jump into an area or place • Source(s):C&M 

cii3iihi' • adv inside, within • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

cii3kóóhu- • vai to run inside something • Source(s):C&M 

cii3kuu3- • vta to throw s.o. inside a place • Source(s):C&M 

cii3kuutii- • vai to stuff something inside a place • 

Source(s):C&M 

cii3o'- • pv never • Source(s):C&M 

ciitehéé3ei- • vai to get dressed • Source(s):DCAU 

ciitei- • vai to enter, come in • Listen: ciitei (MU) • 


ciitei'on- • vta to enter into s.o.'s presence • Source(s):C&M 

ciiten- • vti to take s.t. inside • Source(s):C&M 

ciiten- • vta to take s.o. in • Source(s):DCAU 

ciite'eikuu3- • vta to rope s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

ciite'eikuu3ei- • vai to rope something, be roping • 


ciitéé • ni foam • Source(s):DCAU 

ciitohko'neeyoo • ni bridle pl ciitohko'neeyoono • 


ciitosóuhunii- • vai to put on socks • Listen: ciitosóuhunii (WiC) • 


ciitó3oo • ni 1) quiver 2) gun case pl ciitó3oono 3 poss. hiciitó3oo 

• Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

ciitotó'nii- • vai to put on a hat • Source(s):DCAU 

ciitotó'onii • vai put your hat on! • Source(s):DCAU 

ciitotoohoe- • vai to put on pants • Source(s):DCAU 

ciitóukuhu- • vai to be tied up inside an area, such as a corral • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciitou3ooko3inihiit • ni quotation • Source(s):DCAU 

ciitó'- • vti to put s.t. on • Source(s):DCAU 

ciito'óhnii- • vai to put on shoes • Listen: ciito'óhnii (WiC) • 


ciitóó3oó • ni tire pump • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ciitóotéé- • vii to be located inside something • Source(s):C&M 

ciitóowuu' • adv indoors, inside something (e.g. a dwelling, a car) 


ciitóowuu' • particle inside a dwelling or structure • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciitóo'ohu' • vii it has been dragged inside a place • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciitoo'oyóó • ni harness pl ciitoo'oyoonó • Source(s):DCAU 

ciiwóhoonéihi- • vai to be evil 3 changed ceniiwóhoonéiht • 


13 

ciiwoni'inihiitooni- • vii it takes a long time to say it, to tell it • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciiwoxoeenebeti- • vai to be humble • Source(s):DCAU 

ciixóen- • vti to peel s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ciixóen- • vta to peel s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

ciixóku- • vai to be far away 3 changed ceniixókunoo • 


ciixoyoo- • vii to be broad • Source(s):DCAU 

ciixoyóó- • vii to be wide (and long) • Source(s):DCAU 

ciixó'obéé- • vii places are far apart, it is far from place to place • 

Source(s):C&M 

ciixootéé- • vii to be far away 3 changed ceniixootéé' • 

Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

ciixóotéé- • vii 1) to be far away 2) to be long ago, from long ago 


ciiyoonó • ni 1) (pl.) equipment, kit, gear 2) belongings • 

Source(s):ALKms, DCAU, C&M 

cii'éihi- • vai to be lame • Source(s):ZS, LJC 

cii'isee- • vai 1) to limp 2) (a horse) to be lame • Source(s):LJC 

cii'koohei- • vai to run with a limp • Source(s):LJC 

cii'owoyéihii • na dragonfly pl cii'owoyeihiiho' obv. sg. 

cii'owoyeihio • Source(s):DCAU 

cob- • vta to shoot s.o. with a gun • Source(s):DCAU 

cóboo- • vai to shoot • Source(s):C&M 

cóboo- • vai to shoot, fire a shot • Source(s):DCAU 

coh'óukutoo- • vai to tie one's hair in the back of the head • 

Source(s):C&M 

conóóco'ótoyoo- • vii to be hilly 3 changed coonóóco'ótoyoo' • 


cou'uh- • vta to bother s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

cóu'utii- • vai 1) to bother something or someone 2) to play with 

something casually • Source(s):C&M 

cowouhéi- • vai to row a boat • Source(s):DCAU 

cowouhóéé • ni oar pl cowouhóeeno • Source(s):DCAU 

cowouwu- • vai to swim • Source(s):DCAU 

cówou'oo- • vii to float, sail 3 changed cóówou'oo' • 


cówou'oo- • vai to float • Source(s):LJC 

cowóuubéihi- • vai to wait, wait for something to happen • 

Source(s):C&M 

cowouubéihi- • vai to wait • Source(s):DCAU 

cowouute- • vii there is a ridge • Listen: coowóóute' (LD) • 


cowóuuwuh- • vta to wait for s.o., wait on s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

cowouuwutii- • vai to wait for something • Source(s):DCAU 

cowooówu- • vai to be obese, overweight 3 changed coowooówut 


cowoo3iteihii • na interpreter, translator pl cowoo3iteehiiho' • 


cowoo3itee- • vai to interpret • Source(s):DCAU 

cowoo3itoon- • vta to inform s.o. 3:3' changed coowoo3itoonoot • 


cowoo3itoon- • vta to interpret for s.o., translate for s.o. • 


cowoo3itoot- • vti to interpret s.t., narrate s.t., translate s.t. • 


cowóotéé- • vii to be laid out, extend along a certain direction, 

lead in a certain way • Source(s):C&M 

cówoowo'óó- • vii to flow (as in water) • Source(s):DCAU 

cowóoxéihi- • vai to leave a path of tracks • Source(s):C&M

cowoo'usee- • vai to pass by when in a wheeled vehicle such as a 

wagon or wheelchair 

co' • pv again, back, returning • Source(s):C&M 

co'céi- • vai to fry bread • Source(s):DCAU 

có'coo • ni bread, loaf of bread • Listen: có'coo (AB) • 


co'cooniinén • na Mexican person pl co'cooniinénnó' • 


co'cóóniinii'éihii • na ['Mexican bird/eagle'] California condor • 


co'cóóniisei • na Mexican woman • Source(s):DCAU 

có'oc • ni bread, loaf of bread • Source(s):DCAU 

co'oeyóó • ni dome-shaped brush shelter made of willows • 


co'óe'in- • vti to make s.t. out of willows, e.g. a brush shelter • 

Source(s):C&M 

co'ohóe- • vai to make a fist • Source(s):DCAU 

co'óku- • vai to squat 3 changed coo'ókut • Source(s):DCAU 

có'onéé- • vai 1) to have fur, be furry 2) to be shaggy 3 changed 

cóó'onéét • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

có'oneenóte' • na wool-bearing sheep • Source(s):DCAU 

có'otoyiini- • vii to be hilly • Source(s):C&M 

co'ótoyóuhu' • vii there is a small hill • Source(s):C&M 

có'ou'oo • ni forehead pl có'ou'oono • Source(s):DCAU 

co'ouuhu' • adv up high • Source(s):C&M 

co'ouu3i- • vai to be high up in the air 3 changed coo'ouu3i' • 


co'ouu3iihi' • adv high, high-like • Source(s):C&M 

co'ouu3oo- • vii to be high (e.g. a mountain or hill) 3 changed 

co'ouu3oo' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

có'ouu3óó- • vii to be tall 3 changed cóó'o'uu3óó' • 


co'óuute- • vii to be high (e.g. a mountain, cliff) 3 changed 

coo'óuute' • Listen: coo'óuue' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

co'ouutenéni- • vii to be high up (e.g. up a cliff) • Source(s):C&M, 

ZS 

co'ouuté3ee- • vii to be flaming high • Source(s):DCAU 

co'óuuteenéb- • vta to think highly of s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

co'ouutookéé • na high-ranking officer • Source(s):DCAU 

co'oxóee- • vai to be plump 3 changed coo'oxóeet • 


co'o'éin • ni necktie, tie • Source(s):DCAU 

co'óóbe'éin- • vti to pile s.t. up, e.g. dirt • Source(s):C&M 

co'ookeehi- • vai to be thick 3 changed coo'ookeehit • 


co'ookeeyéihi- • vai to be thick 3 changed coo'ookeeyéiht • 


co'óókoo3iihi' • adv back at one's home • Source(s):C&M 

có'ootoo'ohóe • ni padlock pl có'ootoo'ohóeno • Source(s):DCAU 

co'ooxéénoo- • vai to get even with s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

co'óoxuucihi- • vai to tie something around one's waist • 

Source(s):C&M 

co'ooyéise- • vii to be piled up 3 changed coo'ooyéise' • 


co'ooyeitii- • vai to pile something, e.g. wood • Source(s):DCAU 

co'té' • ni cap pl co'té'no • Source(s):DCAU 

coocóboo- • vai to shoot repeatedly, fire repeated shots • 


cooh- • pv no longer • Source(s):C&M 

coohoh'óukutoot • na Navajo pl coohoh'oukutóó3i' • 


14 

cooh'óee- • vai to smudge or cedar • Source(s):C&M 

cóóh'owuun- • vta to smudge s.o., cedar s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

coon- • pv to be unable to do something • Source(s):C&M 

coonéihi- • vai to be pregnant • Source(s):DCAU 

cóóne3éih'i- • vai to be constipated • Source(s):DCAU 

coone3ééyei- • vai to be unable to get a fire going • 

Source(s):C&M 

cooniiséihi- • vai to have a hoarse voice 3 changed conooniiséihit 


cooniitetén- • vta to be unable to reach or get to s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

coonóuwuheti- • vai to be weak • Source(s):DCAU 

cóóno'óó- • vai 1) to be unable to walk or run 2) to be unable to 

keep up • Source(s):C&M 

cóoó' • ni 1) corral, fence 2) trap for game animals such as elk • 

Source(s):ALKms, Cowell p.c. 

coo3óni' • na prairie dog pl coo3ónii • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

coo3oniiseihon • na ['prairie dog weasel'] black-footed ferret • 


cóó3uwuno' • (pl.) fragrant sumac, skunkbush, scientific name 

Rhus aromatica • Source(s):JAC 2005 

cóówo'on- • vta to overtake s.o. 3:3' changed coowo'ónoot • 


cóówo'óó' • ni Monday • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

coowooceiise' • ni 1) wire 2) fence made from wire • 


coox • na enemy pl coo3ó' • Source(s):DCAU 

cooxucenéihii • na meadowlark pl cooxuceneehiiho' obv. sg. 

cooxuceneehio • Source(s):DCAU 

cóoxucéénee • na meadowlark • Source(s):C&M 

cóó'ob- • vta to kid s.o., joke with s.o., tease s.o. 3:3' changed 

conoo'uwoot • Source(s):DCAU 

coo'ótoyóuh- • vii to be a small hill 3 changed coo'ótoyóuhu' • 

Source(s):C&M 

coo'ótoyóó' • ni hill pl coo'otoyóu'u loc. co'téni' • 


coo'ótoyóó' • vii there is a hill pl coo'otoyóu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

coo'óótoo'unoo'oo' wooxé • ni pocketknife • Source(s):DCAU 

coo'óowuse' • ni 1) body of water 2) puddle • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

coo'oowuse' • ni pond • Source(s):DCAU 

cóó'oo'éé' • ni shrub, bush pl coo'oo'éi'i • Source(s):DCAU, JAC 

2005 

coo'u3éi'i- • vai to bother people, harass people • Source(s):C&M 

H 

hébes • na beaver pl hébesii obv. sg. hébesii obv. pl. hébesii hebes 

AO • Source(s):DCAU 

hebesokoy • ni ['beaver structure'] beaver lodge • 


hebe3 beteeniisi' • ni ['great holy day'] Sunday • 


hébihoonoo'óet • ni toilet paper • Source(s):DCAU 

hebiite- • vai to steal something • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hebiiteb- • vta to steal from s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hebiitiihii • na thief pl hébiitiihiiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

hébiitiihiini- • vai to be a thief • Source(s):DCAU 

hébiitowó'ot • ni theft, an act of thievery • Source(s):C&M, 

Cowell p.c. 

hébiitóóxobei- • vai 1) to steal a horse, steal horses 2) also 

extended to stealing cattle or other livestock •

Source(s):ALKms, C&M 

heces beteeniisi' • ni ['little holy day'] Sunday • Source(s):ALKms 

hécesbetee3óó • na ['small spirit/shadow'] angel obv. sg. 

hécesbetee3óón • Source(s):DCAU 

heceséihi- • vai to be small 3 changed heeceséiht • 


hécesisei- • vai to be a young girl or woman • Source(s):C&M 

hecesiitéihii • na dwarf, little person Note: Appear in Arapaho 

myths. • Source(s):TA, C&M 

hecesiiteihiisoo • na dwarf child • Source(s):C&M 

hecésii'ehihi' • na ['small little bird'] sparrow pl hecésii'ehih'o' • 


hécesóuhuu • na vulture pl hécesohuuho' • Source(s):DCAU 

hecesóó- • vii 1) to be small 2) to be narrow 3 changed heecesóó' • 


hecesóóceihi- • vai to be thin (e.g. a rope) • Source(s):DCAU 

hecés3ee3oo • ni ['little finger'] little finger, pinky • 


hecéxonóh'oe • na young boy • Source(s):C&M 

hecéxonóh'oe • na male youth • Source(s):DCAU 

hecéxo'oowu' • ni ['small house'] shed, small building • 


hecéxookéé- • vai 1) to be a child 2) to be young • 

Source(s):C&M 

hecóxookei • na 1) a person of small rank or stature 2) a child, not 

a grown-up • Source(s):C&M 

hecóxookéihi- • vai 1) to be a person of small rank or stature 

(figuratively) 2) to be a child 

héctoonohuut • ni cradleboard • Source(s):DCAU 

heh- • pv emphatic • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

heh- • pv narrative past tense form used with numbers • 

Source(s):C&M 

héhcitoonóuhu- • vai to swaddle a baby • Source(s):DCAU 

hehin- • vta to wipe s.o., wipe s.o. off (anim. obj.) 3:3' changed 

heehinoot • Source(s):DCAU 

hehin- • vti to wipe s.t., wipe s.t. off • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiyoó • ni something you wipe with, e.g. a towel, rag, tissue • 

Listen: hehiyoó (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hehiikotii- • vai to tremble • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiinoo'óó- • vai to shake, shiver, tremble • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiiseb- • vta to wash s.o. 3:3' changed heehiisówoot • 


hehiisebeti- • vai to wash oneself • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiise3ei- • vai to do the wash, do laundry • Source(s):LJC 

hehiisé3einooó • ni washtub • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiisé3oó • ni washing machine • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiisé3oono • ni laundry • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiisetnóuhu- • vai to gargle • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiisio'huunooó • ni washbasin • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiisii'ouhu- • vai to wash one's face • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiisoonouhu- • vai to wash one's feet • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiis3ee3ouhu- • vai to wash one's hands • Source(s):DCAU 

hehiistii- • vai to wash something • Source(s):LJC 

hehiixóó • ni napkin pl hehiixoono • Source(s):DCAU 

héi- • pv potential, could happen, could occur • Source(s):C&M 

héibi- • vii to be stuck, attached to something • Source(s):C&M 

héibi- • vai to be stuck, attached to something • Source(s):C&M 

héibikuu3oo • ni postage stamp, sticker • Source(s):LJC 

héibini- • vii to be stuck, attached to something • Source(s):C&M 

héibton- • vta to stick something on to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

héih- • pv potential, could have, would have • Source(s):C&M 

15 

héihii • particle soon • Source(s):C&M 

heihoo- • vai to go Note: Used only in questions. • 

Source(s):C&M 

héihoowciikó'ooti- • vai to be generous • Source(s):DCAU 

héih'eihóó • ni towel pl héih'eihóno • Source(s):DCAU 

héikóó3en- • vti to pull up the side (of a tipi) • Source(s):C&M 

héikóó3eni' • vii it has the sides raised up • Source(s):C&M 

heinóku- • vai to be lying somewhere • Source(s):DCAU 

héisiib- • vta to scatter people about, by force or hitting • 

Source(s):C&M 

héiso'onéihi- • vai to be forced to scatter due to being chased, be 

chased away and apart • Source(s):C&M 

héi3ecoo- • vai to be afraid • Source(s):C&M 

héix- • vti to wear s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

héixon- • vta to wear something animate (e.g. hinów, red paint) • 

Source(s):C&M 

héixo'o • ni clothing • Source(s):C&M 

héixo'owuu- • vai to be wearing something • Source(s):C&M 

hei'- • pv 1) when (RELATIVE) 2) once (something has occurred) 


hei'- • pv how far along something is in space, time or a series • 

Source(s):C&M 

héi'ii'iihi' • adv as far as, up to a particular point • Source(s):C&M 

hei'ouute' • vii how far a landform extends • Source(s):C&M 

héi'tobé'e- • vai to tell something, say something • 

Source(s):C&M 

hei'tówoó • ni saying pl hei'tówoono • Source(s):DCAU 

héi'towuun- • vta to tell something to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

henéihi- • vai 1) to be long 2) to be tall 3 changed heenéiht • 


henéixo' • buttercup, scientific name Ranunculaceae spp. • 


henetii- • vai to lose something 3:3' changed héénetiit • 


héneebees • particle 1) have the opportunity to do something 2) 

take advantage of an opportunity • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

heneebinoo'óó- • vai 1) to be frustrated 2) to be restless • 


heneebisee- • vai to pace around, walk anxiously 3 changed 

heeneebiseet • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

heneeceinotoyeic • ni buffalo hide • Source(s):Cowell ms 

henéécee • na buffalo bull pl henééceeno' obv. sg. henééceen obv. 

pl. henééceeno • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

heneene3ebeihit • na ['snow dogs'] February • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

henees- • pv strange, foreign, other 

heneesinén • na (male) stranger pl heneesinénnó' • 


heneesiisei • na (female) stranger pl heneesiiseino' • 


heneesóó- • vii to be strange • Source(s):DCAU 

henééyoo • particle right there • Source(s):C&M 

hénee' • who is it? • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

henee' • particle who? • Source(s):C&M 

henih- • vta to lose s.o. 3:3' changed heenóhoot • 


Henihco'oo' • placename ['[steam] goes up'] Yellowstone National 

Park • Source(s):LJC 

heninouhu- • vai to wear long clothing • Source(s):C&M 

heninouhuuno'óowu' • ni ['long robe house'] Catholic church • 

Source(s):C&M

henixonóehi- • vai to be tall • Source(s):DCAU 

heni'ei- • vai to have long hair • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

heniiniibsiceit • na pelican • Source(s):DCAU 

henóóceihi- • vai (e.g. a rope) is long • Listen: heenóóceiht (WiC) 


héntóu- • vii to be located here, to be present pl héntóu'u'u • 

Source(s):C&M 

héntoo- • vai 1) to be present 2) be in a particular place, be located 

somewhere • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

héntoot- • vti to occupy s.t. 3 changed heentootó' • 


hescoowu- • vii to be hot liquid (as in coffee) 3 changed 

heescoowu' • Source(s):DCAU 

heséihi- • vai to be industrious • Source(s):DCAU 

héseineb- • vta to hate s.o., resent s.o. 3:3' changed hééseinówoot 


héseinéét- • vti 1) to hate s.t. 2) to resent s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

heseisé- • vii to be windy 3 changed heeseisé' • Source(s):DCAU 

heséisén • ni wind • Source(s):DCAU 

hesinéé- • vai 1) to be hungry 2) (figuratively) to be starving 3 

changed heesnéét • Source(s):DCAU, ZS, C&M 

hesinih- • vta to make s.o. mad, angry 3:3' changed heesnihoot • 


hesitee • ni 1) fire 2) furnace, heater, stove pl hesiteeno • 


hesitee- • vii to be hot (e.g. weather) 3 changed heesitee' • 


hesitoo'óó- • vai 1) to be hot 2) to be in heat • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

hesiikóóhu- • vai to run fast • Source(s):DCAU 

hesiineenih'ohu- • vai to fly rapidly • Source(s):C&M 

hésiinii- • vai to be injured • Source(s):DCAU 

hésiiniih- • vta to injure s.o., do s.o. harm, hurt s.o. • 


hésiinootéihi- • vai 1) to be fast, have fast reflexes 2) to be 

reckless • Source(s):DCAU 

hesnónee- • vai to be angry • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hesnonóóton- • vta to be mad at s.o., angry with s.o. • 


hésnóót • ni 1) hunger 2) famine • Source(s):C&M 

hesnóótiini' • vii there is hunger, there is famine • Source(s):C&M 

hesótee- • vai to have diarrhea • Source(s):DCAU 

hesotóot • ni diarrhea • Source(s):DCAU 

hesówobéihi- • vai to be ill, sick 3 changed heesowobéiht Note: 

Used as a euphemism for menstruation. • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

hesówobeihiit • ni illness, sickness, disease • Source(s):DCAU 

hesowowu3eii- • vai to be in pain 3 changed heesowowu3eiit • 


hesowowutii- • vai to ache, hurt • Source(s):LJC 

héso'óó- • vai to be fast (especially in running) 3 changed 

hééso'óót • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

héso'oobooó • ni ['fast road'] railroad • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

héso'óónotii • na train, locomotive pl héso'óónotiiwo' loc. 

béso'óónotiibe' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

héso'óónoox • na fast horse pl héso'óónooxebii • Source(s):C&M 

hesoohob- • vta to watch s.o., observe s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hesóóhobéihi- • vai to be watched closely • Source(s):C&M 

hesoohobetiit • ni mirror pl hesoohobetiitono • Source(s):DCAU 

hesoohóót- • vti to watch s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hésooku'oo- • vai 1) to watch something 2) to watch things 

16 

carefully, observe intensely • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hésteiniisiini- • vii to be a hot day • Source(s):C&M 

hesteiniisiini- • vii to be a hot day 3 changed heesteiniisiini' • 


hesteisi' • ni a hot day • Source(s):DCAU 

hesteenec • ni hot spring(s) • Source(s):LJC 

heswóoo3ih- • vta 1) to offend s.o. 2) to provoke s.o. • 


hésxoh'- • vta to heat someone (animate object) • Source(s):C&M 

hesxóuh'u- • vai to have a fever, to be feverish, to be hot • 


hesxuhu'i- • vai to have a fever 3 changed heesxuhu'ut • 


hét- • pv so that, in order that Note: Occurs in conjunct order; a 

short form of heetih-. • Source(s):C&M 

hét- • pv must, future imperative, supposed to • Source(s):C&M 

he3 • na dog pl hé3ebii obv. sg. hé3ebii obv. pl. hé3ebii • Listen: 

he3 (AB) , hé3ebii (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

he3césee • na robin pl he3céseeno' • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

he3ebéihtoonó • ni milkweed, scientific name Asclepia speciosa • 


he3ebiisoo • na puppy • Source(s):LJC 

he3kuu3- • vta ?to pull s.o. towards oneself • Source(s):C&M, 

C&M 

hé3owoonéihii • na ['dog-tailed one'] white-tailed deer pl 

hé3owooneehiihi' • Source(s):DCAU 

he3owoonoxu' • ni ['dog root'] a medicinal root • Source(s):TA, 

JAC 2005 

hé3owoowu' • ni Dog Lodge age-grade society • Source(s):TA, 

DCAU 

hetebinouhuuni- • vai 1) to be pitiful 2) to be feeble 3) to be poor 

3 changed heetebinouhuunit • Listen: heetebinouhuuni3i' (ZM) 

• Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hetebinouhuunóó- • vii 1) to be in poor condition 2) to be 

deteriorating 3 changed heetebinouhuunoo' • Source(s):DCAU 

hetehibe'éé- • vii to be violet 3 changed heetehibe'éé' • 


hetéini- • vai to spend the night somewhere • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

(PM stories text) 

heteinih'ohu- • vai to make a buzzing noise while flying (e.g. a 

bee) • Listen: heeteinih'ohut (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

hetéin3e'enéihii • na ['noisy winged one'] hummingbird • 


hetei'oo- • vai to make a buzzing noise 

héti3- • vta to call to s.o. • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

héti3óótiini' • vii there is calling, there is responding • 

Source(s):C&M 

hetóxoonéihii • na opossum pl hetóxoonineehiiho' obv. sg. 

hetóxoonineehio • Source(s):DCAU 

hetóocéin- • vti to pull out a rope or rope-like object • 

Source(s):C&M 

héyeih- • pv almost, nearly approaching a goal • Source(s):C&M 

héyowuuwukóó' • ni bark of service berry or June berry bush, 

scientific name Amelanchier alnifolia (bark) • Source(s):JAC 

2005 

héyowuuwuno • ni service berries or June berries, scientific name 

Amelanchier alnifolia (berries) • Source(s):JAC 2005, Cowell 

p.c. 

heyóó- • vii to be long 3 changed heeyóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

heyoocéihi- • vai to be rope-like, snake-like 3 changed 

heeyoocéihit • Source(s):DCAU, C&M

héyookoo3éihii • na ['long rumped one'] pheasant • 


heyooninee- • vai to have a long tail 3 changed heeyoonineet • 


heyooxu- • vii to be fringed • Source(s):DCAU 

heyoo'uuw • ni juneberry pl heyoo'uwuno • Source(s):DCAU 

he'- • pv dubitative, narrative past tense • Source(s):C&M 

he'éihi- • vai 1) to be knowledgeable, smart, wise 2) to be sane, of 

sound mind 3 changed hee'éiht • Source(s):DCAU 

he'eeneb- • vta to rely on s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

he'hiisi'ohuut • ni soap • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

he'ih- • pv TAM preverb, glossed NARR because it is used in the 

narrative past tense, requires Irrealis conjugation • 

Source(s):C&M 

he'in- • vti 1) to know s.t., understand s.t. 2) to keep s.t. in mind, 

remember s.t. 3 changed hee'ino' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

he'ineeyóó- • vii 1) to be visible 2) to be obvious • 

Source(s):C&M 

he'ineeyoo • adv in a visible or obvious way • Source(s):C&M 

he'inon- • vta to know s.o. 3:3' changed hee'nónoot • 


he'inooti- • vai to be sane • Source(s):DCAU 

he'iyoó • ni clock, knowledge • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

he'iyoohééhii • ni timer • Source(s):LJC 

he'ii- • pv dubitatave, it is doubful that Note: usually requires 

conjunct interative inflection • Source(s):C&M 

he'iicis- • pv 1) how far, how long (relative) 2) for some 

indeterminate length of time or distance • Source(s):C&M 

he'iicisiihi' • adv for some indeterminate length of time or 

distance, "I don't know how far or how long" • 

Source(s):C&M 

he'iistoo- • vai someone is doing something indeterminate, "I don't 

know what someone is doing" • Source(s):C&M 

he'ii3éi'- • pv to what degree (relative) • Source(s):C&M 

he'ii3éi'nee- • pv to what degree (relative) • Source(s):C&M 

he'ii3e'- • pv somewhere there • Source(s):C&M 

he'ii3óu'u • particle something • Source(s):C&M 

he'ii3ooni'i • particle something • Source(s):C&M 

he'iiteihi3i • particle someone, somebody • Source(s):C&M 

he'iiten- • vta to embrace s.o., hug s.o. • Source(s):ZS 

he'iitnéi'i • particle somewhere • Source(s):C&M 

he'iitox- • pv 1) how many (relative) 2) a certain number of times 

• Source(s):C&M, C&M 

he'iitoxu- • vai however many there are, it is now known how 

many there are • Source(s):C&M 

hé'neenóóxobei- • vai to hide horses, put horses in a safe place 

where they won't be found • Source(s):C&M 

hé'neetéihi- • vai to be the leader, head of something, e.g. a dance 

• Source(s):ALKms 

he'néétii- • vai to save something for future use • 


he'neetón- • vta to save something for s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

he'neetóuhu- • vai to save something for future use • 


he'nééxoh- • vta to guide s.o., lead s.o. 3:3' changed hee'neexóhoot 


he'neexó3eihii • na guide, usher • Source(s):DCAU 

hee • particle yes Note: Used by men when addressing another 

man. • Listen: hee (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

héébe • exclamation hello, hello friend! Note: Used by men when 

addressing another man. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

17 

heebe3bei'ci3e' • ni ['big metal/money'] a dollar • 


heebe3inén • na big man • Listen: heebe3inén (WaC) • 


heebe3ise'éé- • vii to be wide 3 changed heneebe3ise'éé' • 


heebe3iihi' • adv large, big, immense • Source(s):ALKms 

heebé3ii'éihii • na ['big bird'] 1) big eagle, big bird 2) golden eagle 

• Source(s):DCAU, C&M, C&M 

héébe3kohó'ok • na ['big bee'] bumblebee • Source(s):Cowell ms 

heebe3nenitee • na 1) big person 2) monster • Source(s):C&M 

héébe3nookuubeet • na ['it has a large white bill'] ?merganser • 

Source(s):Hayden 1863, Cowell ms 

héébe3ooxóbe' • na ['big frog'] toad Note: Dorsey:214; TA:58 • 

Source(s):Schoolcraft 1851, Cowell ms 

heebe3tó'obeihi- • vai to be wide • Listen: heebe3tó'obeiht (LD) • 

Source(s):LJC 

héébete3ééyei- • vai to burn something in a large fire • 

Source(s):C&M 

heebeteebiyoo • na ['big spoon'] serving spoon • Source(s):DCAU 

heebetokoy • ni big tepee • Source(s):ALKms 

heebetóte' • na big sheep • Source(s):DCAU 

heebétox • na 1) big bear 2) grizzly bear • Source(s):LJC 

héébetó'eii • na large drum, as is used at a Pow Wow • 

Source(s):LJC 

heebetooku • na ['big rabbit'] jackrabbit • Source(s):Hayden 1863, 

Cowell ms 

heebetookuu • na ['big mouse'] rat pl heebetookuuhu' • 


héébetóóx • na big horse obv pl héébetóóxebii • Source(s):C&M 

héébetooxe • ni ['large knife'] sword • Source(s):DCAU 

heebetóóxei • na big wolf • Listen: heebetóóxei (LD) • 

Source(s):LJC 

heebiyoo • na spoon pl heebiyoono' obv. sg. heebiyoon • 


heecéhih- • vta to revive s.o. 3:3' changed heneecehihoot • 


héécen • ni buffalo hide Note: Archaic. • Source(s):DCAU 

héécestéébiicéso'o' • na Little Dipper • Source(s):DCAU 

heecét • proclitic before (another event), while not yet • 

Source(s):C&M, C&M, ZS 

hééce'éici3- • vta to cover s.o.'s head • Source(s):C&M 

heecikóóhu- • vai to go home • Source(s):C&M 

héécis- • pv while • Source(s):C&M 

heeci'eicihit • na outlaw • Source(s):DCAU 

heeci'eicihiini- • vai to be an outlaw • Source(s):DCAU 

heecoxóóxeiht • ni January • Source(s):DCAU 

heenéihcikuu3- • vai to toss something up • Source(s):DCAU 

heenéihcikuutii- • vai to toss something up • Source(s):DCAU 

heenéikóó3en- • vti to raise the sides of a tipi 

heenéistóót • ni ways, customs, habits, lifestyle • Source(s):C&M 

heenei3é'enoo- • vai to have wings 3 changed heneenei3é'enoo' • 


heenéi'isiihi' • adv 1) various kinds 2) and so forth, and similarly, 

et cetera 3) ones like that • Source(s):C&M 

heenéi'ooku'oot • ['as far as one can see'] horizon • Source(s):TA, 

Cowell ms 

heenéiite' • particle two by two • Source(s):C&M 

heenenkósei- • vai to have long fingernails • Source(s):DCAU 

heenesiteisooo' • vii there is a heat wave 3 changed 

heneenesieisooo' • Source(s):Cowell ms

heenetéyei- • vai to unpack • Source(s):DCAU 

heenéti- • vai to talk • Listen: heneenétinoo (LD) , hééneti3i' (ZM) 


heenéti3- • vta 1) to talk to s.o., speak with s.o. 2) to call s.o. over 

3:3' changed heneenéti3oot • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

heeneti3etiib- • vta to converse with s.o. 3:3' changed 

heneeneti3etiiwoot • Source(s):DCAU 

heenetiihii • na 1) speaker, person who is speaking 2) talkative 

person • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

heenetiit • ni 1) language 2) speech 3) voice • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU 

heenétoonó3ei- • vai to unpack • Source(s):DCAU 

heeneyeicitéé- • vai to be deaf and mute 3 changed 

heneeneyeicitéét • Source(s):DCAU 

hééneyéixóhei- • vai to choose, select • Source(s):DCAU 

heeneyoonee- • vai to have long legs • Source(s):DCAU 

heeneetoh- • vai wherever someone is (used with iterative) • 

Source(s):C&M 

heenee'iihi' • adv 1) now and then, from time to time 2) seldom, 

occasionally • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

heeninouhut • na ['he wears a long robe'] 1) Catholic priest 2) 

sometimes extended to a Catholic person in general pl 

heeninouhu3i' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

heeninouhuusei • na ['long robe woman'] nun • Source(s):DCAU 

hééni' • na ant pl hééni'i obv. sg. hééniiho' obv. pl. hééni'i 3 poss. 

hitééniiw heeni' AO • Source(s):DCAU 

heeniisóóneenóu'u • vii 1) there are two of them, there is a pair 2) 

there are twins • Source(s):C&M 

hééniiyoowu' • ni ['ant lodge'] anthill • Source(s):DCAU 

héénoo • particle 1) regularly, generally, as a rule 2) purposefully, 

on purpose • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, ZS 

hééscii- • pv before, while not yet • Source(s):C&M 

heesi3ecóo- • vai what or how someone is thinking (relative) • 

Source(s):C&M 

héési'éi'oo- • vai 1) to make faces 2) to frown 3 changed 

henéési'éi'oot • Source(s):DCAU 

heesiini • vii how it is, what it is like • Source(s):C&M 

heesnootiini' • ni famine • Source(s):DCAU 

héesóó- • vii how it is, what it is like • Source(s):C&M 

heestoo- • vai what someone does, how someone does something 

(relative) • Source(s):C&M 

héet- • pv where (relative) 

héét- • pv future tense 

hee3- • pv how, why, what • Source(s):C&M 

hee3- • vta to say something to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

héé3eb- • pv there, over there • Source(s):C&M 

héé3ebciisiniihiihi' • adv over there far along (a watercourse) • 

Source(s):C&M 

héé3ebisee- • vai walk to there, walk over there • Source(s):C&M, 

LJC 

héé3ebkóóhu- • vai run to there, run over there • Source(s):C&M, 

LJC 

hee3éi'oxóeeni' • ni field • Source(s):DCAU 

hee3éi'o'béé' • ni world • Source(s):DCAU 

hee3ei'oo' • ni ['as far as it is'] the Earth • Source(s):TA, Cowell 

ms 

hee3iten- • vta to grasp s.o., hold s.o. 3:3' changed henee3itenoot • 


hee3itén- • vti to grasp s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hee3kuu3- • vta to push s.o. • Listen: henee3kuu3o' (WaC) • 


18 

hée3kuutii- • vai to push something away • Source(s):C&M 

hee3nee- • pv 1) very 2) true, truly • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

héé3neebés • ni cottonwood, scientific name Populus deltoides pl 

héé3neebéxo • Source(s):DCAU, JAC 2005 

hee3neenéé- • vii to be real 3 changed henee3neenéé' • 


hee3neenééni- • vai to be real 3 changed henee3neenéénit • 


hee3neeneetinoo'oo- • vai ['be very tired'] to be dead tired, really 

tired • Source(s):DCAU 

héé3neeniihi' • adv truly • Source(s):DCAU 

hee3ouh'u' • ni price • Source(s):DCAU 

hee3ou'usi- • vii to have a number, be numbered • 


hee3óó- • vii to be imperative, to be important • Source(s):DCAU 

hee3óóbeeneb- • vta to believe in s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hee3óóbeenéé- • vii to be true • Source(s):C&M 

hee3óóbeenéét- • vti to believe in s.t., consider s.t. true • 

Source(s):C&M 

hee3oowu3ecoo- • vai to be sincere • Source(s):DCAU 

héé3ten- • vta to pull s.o. toward oneself • Source(s):C&M 

heetcenise' • ni ['where it falls'] waterfall • Source(s):DCAU 

héétcowóuute' • placename ['where there is a ridge'] Beaver Rim, 

WY 

heetec • ni 1) large body of water 2) ocean, sea pl heetécii loc. 

heetéci' • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

heetécii'éihii • na gull, seagull • Source(s):DCAU 

héetéihi- • vai where someone is from (relative) • Source(s):C&M 

héetéihi- • vai to be important, influential 3 changed heneetéiht • 


heetéihiiwoon- • vta to oversee s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

heetein- • vai to stay somewhere overnight • Source(s):ZS 

heeteinih- • vta to put s.o. up overnight • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hééten- • vta to push s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hééteniih- • vta 1) to protect s.o. 2) to take care of s.o. 3) to watch 

over s.o. 3:3' changed henééteniihoot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

héétese'éit • na ['it has a bald head'] bald eagle • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

heete'i'éit • na monkey pl heete'iéi3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

héétee • particle 1) before, prior, previous, earlier 2) in ancient 

times, traditionally • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hééteenenitee • na a person native to an area • Source(s):DCAU 

heetééniih- • vta to take care of s.o. (well) • Source(s):C&M 

hééteeniihéihi- • vai to be taken good care of • Source(s):C&M 

héetéét- • vti to reach a location • Source(s):C&M 

heeteetéi- • vai to tell a story, tale • Source(s):DCAU 

heetéétoo • ni legend, story, tale pl hetéétoo • Source(s):DCAU 

heetih- • pv so that, in order that • Source(s):C&M 

Héetihco'oo' • placename ['[steam] goes up'] Yellowstone 

National Park • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

hééti3- • vta to call for s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

heeti3eininénee- • vai to call for s.o., as by whistling • 

Source(s):C&M 

héetnó'owuu' • placename ['where the land comes together'] The 

Forks, WY, where the Big and Little Wind Rivers meet near 

Riverton, WY 

héétno'ootéi'i • ni junction • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

héétoh- • pv where • Source(s):C&M 

héétoyeinousi' • ni ['where he or she is resting'] grave • 


heeto'ón- • vta to prod s.o. 3:3' changed heneeto'ónoot •


héetoo- • vai where someone is • Source(s):C&M 

héétooku3 • ni tusk pl héétookuto • Source(s):DCAU 

héétoo'ohóe • ni poker (tool) • Source(s):DCAU 

héétse'isi' • ni ['where he or she lies'] grave • Source(s):DCAU 

héétwóóhonootéi'i • ni junction • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hééyei • na hawk, falcon, swifthawk pl hééyeinó' obv. sg. hééyein 

• Listen: hééyei (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hééyei be'éih • na ['red hawk'] female Northern Harrier hawk • 


hééyei biitei • na ['ghost hawk'] 1) Swainson's hawk 2) swallow, 

especially a cliff swallow • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hééyei hóókecii • na ['small hawk'] chicken hawk • 


hééyei nookéih • na ['white hawk'] male Harrier hawk • 


hééyeih- • pv it is good that something happened • 

Source(s):C&M 

hééyeinoté' • na horned lark • Source(s):Cowell ms 

heeyóu • particle what?, what is it? • Listen: heeyóu (MS) • 


heeyóuhuu • ni 1) thing 2) stuff 3) something, anything pl 

heeyouhuuho • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hééyow- • pv 1) every 2) each • Source(s):C&M 

hééyowuuhu' • adv 1) every 2) each • Source(s):C&M 

heeyowuusi' • adv every day • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

heeyookóó3iit • na ['it has a long rump'] pheasant • 


hibóoóti' • ni Rocky Mountin fir tree, scientific name Abies 

bifolia, possibly other Abies spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hice'ii'isihihi' • berries used as medicine to make horses run 

rapidly, possibly berries of sumac, scientific name Rhus spp. • 


hiciinee • ni fleece, wool, cotton pl ciineenó' 3 poss. hiciineenow 

ciinee WiC • Source(s):LJC 

hico'ok • na waist pl hico'ókuno' • Source(s):DCAU 

hico'ooteehihi' • na chickadee • Source(s):DCAU 

hih- • pv if, contrary to fact • Source(s):C&M 

hih- • pv up, upwards 

hihcébe' • particle 1) above, up 2) in heaven • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M, LJC 

hihcebe' booó • ni ['above trail'] Milky Way • Source(s):ALKms 

hihcebee • close by • Source(s):C&M 

hihceni- • vii to be raised up (especially ceremonially) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hihcéno'oo- • vai to jump up • Source(s):C&M 

hihce'éi- • vai to raise one's head • Source(s):C&M 

hihcicéno'óó- • vai to jump up • Source(s):C&M 

hihcih'ohu- • vai to fly up • Source(s):C&M 

hihcikuu3- • vta to throw s.o. upwards • Source(s):DCAU 

hihcikuutii- • vti to throw s.t. upwards • Source(s):DCAU 

hihciniho'oo- • vai to go westwards • Source(s):C&M 

hihciniihiihi' • adv upriver, upstream • Listen: hihciniihiihi' (LD) • 


hihcitóóbe' • particle up in the air • Source(s):C&M 

hihcowoonóu'u' • west • Source(s):DCAU 

hihco'óó- • vii to rise, go up 3 changed hiihco'óó' • 


hihco'óó- • vai to rise, go up • Source(s):LJC 

hihcoo'óó- • vai to be heading upwards • Source(s):C&M 

hih'éyooteihiit • ni jealousy • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

19 

hih'óó • particle okay, all right, fine • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

hineice' • na gartersnake Note: see Dorsey:177, 202 for info. re: 

Sun Dance • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hinén • na man pl hinénnó' obv. sg. hinénin hinén WiC • 


hinénihii • na moose pl hinénihii Note: The former plural is now 

used for both singular and plural. • Source(s):DCAU 

hinenitee • na person pl hineniteeno' • Listen: neniteeno' (ZM) • 

Source(s):ZS, LJC 

hinéni' • na moose pl hinénihii Note: Archaic. • Source(s):DCAU 

hineniini- • vai to be a man, manly 3 changed hiineniinit • 


hinéntehe • na pupil (of the eye) pl hinéntoh'o' • Source(s):DCAU 

hinentéeni- • vai 1) to recover, feel well again 2) to be back where 

one belongs • Source(s):C&M 

hinentééni- • vai to recover • Source(s):DCAU 

hinénteeniit • na 1) mankind 2) nation 3) existence • 


hinénto'óhu- • vai we have someone with us, there is someone in 

our presence • Source(s):C&M 

hinénto'ohuu3ton- • vta to make an animal used to the presence of 

people • Source(s):C&M 

hinee • particle that, those pl hinee • Source(s):DCAU 

hininéi'3eeyenei'éihi- • vai to get down underneath something, get 

below something • Source(s):C&M 

hinis • ni bladder pl hinisino • Source(s):DCAU 

hinit • particle right there • Source(s):C&M 

hini' • particle that, those pl hini'iitono • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

hiniiihóóni- • vai to have children • Source(s):C&M 

hiniiité' • ni-dep temple (part of the head) pl hiniiitéii • 


hiniin • na his wife Note: Used only in 3 poss. form. • 


hiniinic • ni gall • Source(s):DCAU 

hiniinis • ni horn, antler pl hiniini3o • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

hiniinoxuunóóx • na packhorse • Source(s):DCAU 

hiniisiini- • vai to be wounded • Source(s):DCAU 

hiniisooni- • vai to have children • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

hiniiteh'éihebeti- • vai to be friends with one another, treat each 

other as friends • Source(s):C&M 

hiniito'éib- • vta to be related to s.o. 3:3' changed hiiniito'éiwoot • 


hiniito'éibeti- • vai to be related to one another, treat one another 

as if related • Source(s):C&M 

hiniito'éibeti- • vai to unite in a long stable relationship, establish 

a relationship 3 pl. changed hiiniito'éibeti3i' • 


hinóno'éi • na Arapaho person pl hinóno'éino' • Listen: hinóno'éi 

(WiC) , nóno'éino' (ZM) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hinonó'eisóó • na young Arapaho person • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell p.c. 

hinono'eiteen • ni Arapaho Tribe • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

hinóno'eitiit • ni Arapaho language • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, 

LJC 

hinóno'éi' • na Arapaho (pl.) • Source(s):DCAU 

hinono'oowu' • ni 'Arapaho Lodge', identified as the 'fifth dance' 

in Kroeber's "The Arapaho" • Source(s):TA 

hinóno'usei • na Arapaho woman pl hinóno'useinó' • 


hinót • na blood clot pl hinótno • Source(s):Salzmann 1963, 

DCAU

hinów • na red ceremonial paint • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hinowkóóhu- • vai to disappear from view below ground or water 


hinówou'oo- • vii to sink 3 changed hiinówou'oo' • 


hinówou'oo- • vai to sink • Source(s):DCAU 

hinowun ce'eiyoo • ni paint bag • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hinowuse' • vii it has gone below the surface, out of sight • 

Source(s):C&M 

hinowusee- • vai to walk out of sight below a surface, disappear 

into the ground, dive into water • Source(s):ALKms, C&M 

hinookó3oni- • vai to have a white rump 3 changed hiinookó3onit 


hinookóó3 • ni bird's tail • Source(s):DCAU 

hinóókuu- • vai to have feathers on one's head, wear feathers on 

one's head • Source(s):C&M 

hinóoóx • ni bark pl hinóooxuu • Listen: hinóoóx (LD) • 


hinootéini- • vai to have matted hair 3 changed hiinootéinit • 


his • ni liver pl hisinoo 3 poss. hitisineb • Listen: his (AB) • 


hisei • na 1) woman 2) queen (in playing cards) pl hiseino' obv. 

sg. hisein • Listen: hisei (AB) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiseihihi' • na girl pl hiseihih'o', hiseihitéi'yoo • Source(s):DCAU 

hiseihiitéi'yoo • na young girl, maiden • Source(s):DCAU 

hiseinbiixuut • ni woman's dress • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiseinbiixuut • ni ['woman's shirt'] dress, skirt • Source(s):DCAU 

hiséini- • vai to be a woman • Source(s):DCAU 

hiseinoteihii • na 'woman's belly one' toad Note: Dorsey:214. 

TA:58 • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiseinotee • na ['woman's belly'] tadpole • Source(s):TA 

hiséé3 • ni spruce, pine, scientific name Pinus spp. pl hisee3ii, 

hiseetó' loc. hisee3i' • Listen: hiséé3 (LD) , see3 (AB) • 

Source(s):DCAU, JAC 2005, LJC 

hisibéhi- • vai to shake from illness • Source(s):DCAU 

hisiteenes • ni charred wood 

hisiteenéécee • na fire chief • Source(s):ALKms 

hisi' • na tick pl hisii obv. sg. hisii obv. pl. hisii • Listen: hisi' (AB) 


hisiine'étii- • vai 1) to be gentle, kind, meek, tender 2) (an animal) 

to be tame 3) to be nice, friendly 3 changed hiisiine'itiit • 


hiso'on- • vta to spook an animal, scare an animal out of hiding • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiso'on- • vta to scare s.o., spook s.o. (e.g. an animal) • 


hisóóne' • ni rear end • Source(s):DCAU 

histoo- • vai to do • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3ecinoo'óó- • vai to tip over • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3éiciibi- • vai to have roots • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3éihi- • vai 1) to be good 2) to be good looking, pretty 3 

changed hii3éiht • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hi3eti- • vii 1) to be good 2) to be right 3 changed hii3eti' • 

Source(s):Hayden 1863, DCAU, C&M 

hi3é' • ni wing pl hi3é'eno • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3ibi- • vai to sneeze • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3ii3iibi- • vai to have warts • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3konóót- • vti to inhale s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3konoo3éi- • vai to inhale • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3kuu3- • vta 1) to grab s.o., seize s.o., capture s.o. 2) to rape s.o. 

20 

3:3' changed hii3kuu3oot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3kuu3éihii • na rapist, sexual or violent criminal predator, serial 

killer • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3kuutii- • vai to grab something, seize something 3:3' changed 

hii3kuutiit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3obeéé- • vii to be correct, be saying something true 3 changed 

hii3oobéé' • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3ókunoo'óó- • vii to capsize • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3on- • vta to resemble s.o., look like s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3óu'oo- • vii to be evening 3 changed hii3óu'oo' • Listen: 

hii3óu'oo' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3óu'oo- • vii to be evening 3 changed hi3óu'oo' • Source(s):LJC 

hi3ou'uuni- • vii to be evening • Source(s):C&M 

hi3óu'uuniihi' • adv evening • Listen: hi3óu'uuniihi' (LD) • 

Source(s):LJC 

hi3ówoonéihi- • vai to be good-looking, attractive, pretty 3 

changed hii3ówoonéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3owóonoxu' • ni Indian medicine • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3o'obéé- • vii to be flat ground • Source(s):C&M 

hi3o'owuu' • ni 1) prairie 2) plain • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

hi3óóbeceii • particle under water • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3oobeciihi' • particle under water • Source(s):C&M 

hi3oobéi- • vai to be correct, say something true • 


hi3óóbesiihi' • adv underground • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3óóbewotóóho • ni ['under pants'] (pl.) underpants • 


hi3óóbe' • particle underneath • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3oobéé- • vii 1) to be correct, right 2) to be true 3 changed 

hii3oobéé' • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3oonéé- • vai to hiccup • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3oowót- • vti to believe s.t. • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

hi3oowoton- • vai to believe • Source(s):DCAU 

hi3oowótonéihiinóó- • vii to be believed • Source(s):C&M 

hi3oowówu' • particle underground • Source(s):C&M 

hi3oowu3ecoo- • vai to believe something to be true, to have faith 

in something • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

hi3oowuuhu' • adv in a real or true manner • Source(s):C&M 

hi3oowuukóó- • vii to be in the brush, under the brush • 

Source(s):C&M 

hi3oox- • vta to pick nits out of s.o.'s hair • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hi3ooxuh- • vta to delouse s.o., pick lice from s.o.'s hair • 

Source(s):C&M 

hitéi • ni branch, treelimb pl hiteinó loc. hitéineÕ • 


hitéibih- • vta to lure s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hitéi'yooniibi- • vai to have a child, have offspring 3 changed 

hiitei'yooniibit • Source(s):DCAU 

hiten- • vta 1) to take s.o. 2) to grab s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hitén- • vti 1) to take s.t. 2) to grab s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hiténowoo- • vai to take something for oneself, get something for 

oneself • Source(s):C&M 

hites- • vta to come upon s.o., run into s.o., meet s.o. unexpectedly 

• Source(s):C&M, ZS 

hitesii • na Cheyenne pl hitesiino' hitesiino' MU • 


Hitesiino'óowu' • placename ['Cheyenne lodge'] Cheyenne, WY • 

Source(s):C&M 

hitét- • vti to reach a place • Source(s):C&M 

hité3eiciihi' • adv each one • Source(s):C&M 

hité3ounec • na ['crane/heron water'] water drunk when breaking a

fast during the Sun dance, according to Kroeber's "The 

Arapaho" • Source(s):ALKms, TA 

hité3oo • na crane, especially a sandhill crane, heron, egret • 


hité3oo • na crane, heron pl té3ou • Source(s):DCAU 

hite3sine- • vai to be the one whose turn has come • 

Source(s):C&M 

hitétehéi3it- • vti to receive a power or skill as a blessing from 

superhuman sources • Source(s):C&M 

hitétehéi3tonéihi- • vai to have been given a power from 

superman sources • Source(s):C&M 

hitétehii3it- • vti to receive s.t. as a gift • Source(s):DCAU 

hitétehii3iton- • vta to receive s.o. (anim. obj.) as a gift • 


hitéteihi- • vai to receive something • Source(s):DCAU 

hitetén- • vta to reach s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hitetén- • vti to reach s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hitetó'oo- • vai to be next, have one's turn coming next • 

Source(s):C&M 

hitétooku'oo- • vai to manage to see something, get a glimse of 


hiteyéihi- • vai to be damp 3 changed hiiteyéiht • 


hite'éici3- • vta to put a rope around an animal's head • 

Source(s):C&M 

hite'éici3éi- • vai to put a rope around an animal's head • 

Source(s):C&M 

hite'iyooni- • vai to have a watch or clock • Source(s):C&M 

hiteehib • na strawberry, scientific name Fragaria spp. pl 

hiteehibino' • Source(s):DCAU 

hitihiini- • vai to have a tail • Source(s):DCAU 

hitii3i3 • ni kidney pl tii3i3ii obv. sg. tii3i3ii obv. pl. tii3i3ii • 


hitóhoen- • vta to take s.o.'s hand • Source(s):C&M 

hitonihi'- • vai 1) to own a horse 2) to have something as a pet • 

Source(s):C&M 

hitonoh'óoo3éihi- • vai to be taken as a pet by someone • 

Source(s):C&M 

hitonóó3ee- • vai to take along weapons • Source(s):C&M 

hitóuunen • na Gros Ventre, member of the Gros Ventre tribe, one 

of the five 'subtribes' identified by Kroeber pl hitóuunenó' • 

Source(s):TA, DCAU 

hitóuuteen • ni Gros Ventre tribe • Source(s):DCAU 

hitoyóó- • vii to be damp, moist 3 changed hiitoyóó' • 


hito'óowuu- • vai to have a house • Source(s):C&M 

hitoohounóóx • na workhorse • Source(s):DCAU 

hitookooxuunee- • vai to earn a feather (through a brave deed) 

hitoone- • vai to have a daughter • Source(s):C&M 

hitoo3ib- • vta to drag s.o. 3:3' changed hiitoo3iwoot • Listen: 

hiitoo3iwo' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

hitoo3iitii- • vai to drag something 3:3' changed hiitoo3iitiit • 

Listen: hiitoo3iitiit (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hitóóx- • pv last 

hitooxe'einiihi' • adv in the rear • Source(s):DCAU 

hitooxusee- • vai to be walking last (as in a group or line) 3 

changed hiitooxuseet • Source(s):DCAU 

hitóóxu'óó- • vai to be trailing, coming last • Source(s):C&M 

hitóóxu'oo- • vai to be last 3 changed hiitóóxu'oot • 


hitóóxu'oonoo- • vii to be last 3 changed hiitóóxu'oonoo' • 

21 


hitooxuuhu' • adv in the rear • Source(s):DCAU 

hitooxuukohéi- • vai to ride behind, ride last • Source(s):C&M 

hitoo'oo- • vii to be damp 3 changed hiitoo'oo' • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

hiwóxuu • na elk pl hiwóxuuhuu • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hiwoxuuhóóx • na horse Note: Archaic. • Source(s):ALKms 

hiwóxuuhoox hiwóxu' • ni ['horse's medicine'] meadow rue, 

scientific name Thalictrum spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hiwóxuuyéino' • ni gooseberries, prickly currants, scientific name 

Ribes lacustre • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hix • ni bone pl hixóno 3 poss. hitixonéb • Listen: hix (AB) • 


hixoniini- • vai to be homosexual 3 changed hiixoniinit • 


hixonokokuy • ni bone whistle • Source(s):C&M 

hixooséihi- • vai to be slippery • Source(s):DCAU 

hixoosóó- • vii to be slippery, smooth 3 changed hiixoosóó' • 


hiyohóu'uni- • vii there is nothing, it does not exist • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiyoohootinoo'oo- • vai to disappear suddenly, be absent, vanish • 

Source(s):C&M 

hi'- • pv instrumental, with, by means of, about • Source(s):C&M 

hi'e3 • ni pipe stem • Source(s):DCAU 

hi'in • particle that, those • Source(s):C&M 

hi'iyeih'i- • vai to have a dwelling place, have a home • 

Source(s):C&M 

hi'iihi' • particle 1) instrumental, with 2) about, concerning • 

Source(s):C&M 

hi'iisóó • na 1) maggot 2) (pl.) rice pl hi'iisóóno' • 


hi'oo3iinoo- • vii to have legs (e.g. a chair) 3 changed hii'oo3iinoo' 


hii- • pv imperfective imperative • Source(s):C&M 

hiibéihii • na singer pl hiibeihiiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

hiibinee- • pv secretly • Source(s):C&M 

hiibineecebisee- • vai to sneak by, go by secretly • Source(s):LJC 

hiibineen- • vai to be secret • Source(s):C&M 

hiibineeniihi' • adv secretly • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiibineeyéiti- • vai to whisper • Source(s):DCAU 

hiicénii • Indian breadroot, scientific name Pediomelum 

esculentum • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hiice'eexoowu' • ni Tomahawk Lodge • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

hiicito'óó- • vai to have cramps • Source(s):DCAU 

hiico'óóton- • vta to find s.o., discover s.o. in hiding • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiicoo • ni rib pl hiicoonoo 3 poss. hitiicoo • Source(s):DCAU 

hiicoo- • vai to smoke • Source(s):DCAU 

hiicóoh- • vta to smoke with s.o., specifically in the context of 

helping them or making an agreement with them Note: When 

asking someone to smoke in this particular way, one can say 

Cih'iicoohu. • Source(s):C&M 

hiicóoó • na pipe, cigar, cigarette pl hiicóonó' obv hiicóón 3 poss. 

hitiicóon • Source(s):DCAU 

hiicóoxuuwóxu' • ni ['smoking root'] a medicinal root • 


hiicóó' • vii there is a canyon there • Source(s):C&M 

hiih- • vta to lend something to s.o. (for a long period of time) • 


hiihkohóó'oo- • vai to take an oath, make a pledge, swear 3

changed heniihkohóó'oot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hiihóho'néihi- • vai to be brave • Source(s):C&M 

hiihóho'nen- • vta to act bravely towards s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hiii • na snow obv. sg. hiin loc. hiine' Note: This word was 

exclaimed by members of a wintertime storytelling audience 

in order to demonstrate that they were listening and had not 

fallen asleep. • Listen: hiii (AB) , hiii (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

hiiko • exclamation no • Listen: hiiko (MU) • Source(s):DCAU 

hiikón • ni lung pl hiikono 3 poss. hitiikono • Source(s):DCAU 

hiikoot • particle also • Source(s):C&M 

hiikóó' • ni 1) woods 2) brush • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiincebiit • na 1) water monster 2) alligator, crocodile • 


hiince'isee- • vai to pace, walk back and forth 3 changed 

heniince'iseet • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hiincó'ooceihcehi- • vai to pull back and forth rapidly on a rope or 

rope-like object • Source(s):C&M 

hiinenéihi- • vai to be held and pointed in various directions (as 

the pipe is in a ceremony) • Source(s):C&M 

hiinentééni- • vai 1) to be well, cured from an ilness 2) to be saved 


hiineyó'otii- • vai to remediate a situation, make things better • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiineyóó3ei- • vai to heal people, make people well • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiine'éicéheekuhcehi- • vai to blink one's eyes rapidly while 

turning one's head • Source(s):C&M 

hiine'étii- • vai to live, reside 3 changed heniine'étiit • 


hiine'étiih- • vta to make a living for s.o., support s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiine'etiit • ni life, living • Source(s):C&M 

hiine'étiiwóóhu- • vai to make a living, work to make a living • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiné'eekuu- • vai to stand around aimlessly • Source(s):C&M 

hiinee- • pv turning around, reversing direction • Source(s):C&M 

hiineeniihi' • adv by turning around, in a turning around manner • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiinéésee- • vai to turn, turn around • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hiini- • vai (a dog, wolf, coyote) to cry, whimper, howl • 

Source(s):LJC 

hiinih'ohu- • vai to fly around, fly about • Source(s):C&M 

hiinikotii- • vai to play • Source(s):DCAU 

hiinikotiib- • vta to play with s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hiinikotiih- • vta 1) to play with s.o. 2) to tease or trick s.o. • 


hiinisee- • vai to walk around aimlessly, wander around • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiini3ecoo • ni 1) mind 2) thought • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiiniibiinén • na widower • Source(s):DCAU 

hiiniibiiséi • na widow • Source(s):DCAU 

hiiniihi- • vai to live in various places, move camp about • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiniikohéi- • vai to ride around aimlessly • Source(s):C&M 

hiiniini- • vii (snow) to be on the ground 3 changed heniiniini' • 


hiiniinsi- • vai 1) to have horns 2) to be horn-like • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiinkóóhu- • vai to run around 3 pl. changed heniinkóóhu3i' • 

Source(s):LJC 

22 

hiinohcéineeyoonit • na ['it has a rattle'] rattlesnake pl 

hiinohcéineeyooni3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

hiinokéee- • vai to wade across 3 changed heniinoké'eet • 


hiinókotiit • na toy pl hiinókotiitono' 3 poss. hitiinókotiiton • 


hiinonóóx • na maverick, mustang pl hiinonóóxebii • 


hiinousee- • vai (the sun or moon) to eclipse 3 changed 

heniinouseet • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiinóusee- • vii to be an eclipse Note: check other meaning • 


hiinouwu- • vai to swim around • Source(s):LJC 

hiinouu- • vai 1) to swim around 2) to bathe • Source(s):LJC 

hiinoxónoh'oehiini- • vai to be a useful boy • Source(s):C&M 

hiino'usee- • vai to come wandering to a place • Source(s):C&M 

hiinookó3onit • na ['it has a white rump'] golden eagle • 


hiinoonó'et • ni cloud pl hiinoonó'etii • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hiinoonó'eti- • vii 1) to be cloudy 2) to be stormy 3 changed 

heniinoonó'eti' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hiinóonó'oxoo'uu' • vii there are clouds in the sky • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiinóóxuwu- • vai to change a law, reverse a law • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiinoo'éi- • vai to hunt • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiinoo'éihii • na hunter • Source(s):DCAU 

hiinoo'eihiini- • vai to be a hunter • Source(s):DCAU 

hiinoo'einén • na ['hunt man'] a male hunter • Source(s):DCAU 

hiinóó'einiihi' • adv having to do with hunting • Source(s):C&M 

hiinoo'éiso'onéihi- • vai to be herded back together, have been 

herded back together • Source(s):C&M 

hiinoo'ei3oó • quarry (animal being hunted) • Source(s):DCAU 

hiintisee- • vai to walk around the edge of something (e.g. an 

obstacle) • Source(s):C&M 

hiis- • vta to be afraid of s.o., fear s.o. 3:3' changed heniixóót • 

Listen: heniixo' (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hiis- • pv already, perfect aspect • Source(s):C&M 

hiis- • pv what, how (relative) • Source(s):C&M 

hiiseineeb- • vta to advise s.o., tell s.o. to do something • 


hiiséi3e- • vai (the moon) to be full 3 changed heniiséi3é' • 


hiiséi3e- • vai (the moon) to be full 3 changed heniiséi3e' • 


hiisétee- • vii 1) to be cooked 2) to be ripe 3 changed heniisétee' • 


hiiséteesi- • vai 1) to be cooked 2) to be ripe 3 changed 

heniiséteesi' • Source(s):DCAU 

hiise'énou'u- • vai to be ready 3 changed heniise'énou'ut • 

Source(s):DCAU, ZS, C&M 

hiise'énou'uh- • vta to prepare someone (animate object) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiise'énou'utii- • vai to get something ready, prepare something • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiise'énouuton- • vta to be ready for s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hiisibén- • vta 1) to lay s.o. down, put s.o. down 2) to put s.o. to 

bed • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiisibi- • vai to lie down, go to bed • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

hiisibiiton- • vta to lie down with s.o., go to bed with s.o. • 

Source(s):LJC-other

hiisisee- • vai how someone got to a place, how someone made it 

through a test or trial • Source(s):C&M 

hiisi' • ni day pl hiisii'i • Listen: hiisi' (AB) , hiisi' (WaC) • 


hiisi'i'oot- • vta to raise s.o. (a child, an animal) • Source(s):C&M 

hiisi'i'óót- • vti to grow into a role, grow into a position • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiisiihi' • adv how something is done, the way something is done • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiisiii'oo- • vai 1) (an animal or plant) to be mature, fully grown 2) 

(an animal or plant) to grow up 3 changed heniisiii'oot • 


hiisiini • vii how it is • Source(s):C&M 

hiisiini- • vii to be day, daytime 3 changed heniisiini' • 


hiisiinih- • vta how someone treats s.o. else • Source(s):C&M 

hiisiiniihi' • adv 1) during the day 2) in a day's time 3) as if it were 

daytime • Source(s):C&M 

hiisiino'on- • vta to warm s.o. up • Source(s):ZS 

hiisiinoo'oo- • vai to be warm • Source(s):ZS 

hiisiis • na the sun pl hiisiisii obv. sg. hiisiisii obv. pl. hiisiisii • 


hiisiisiisoo • na Sun Child • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiisiistéi'yoo • na Sun Child • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiisiiten- • vta 1) to catch s.o., grab s.o., seize s.o. 2) to run after 

s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hiisiitenéihi- • vai to have been seized or caught • Source(s):C&M 

hiisiiténowoo- • vai to grab, get, or seize something for oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiisiitookoxuunee • vai to earn a feather, as a symbol of a brave 

deed • Source(s):C&M 

hiisiiyóó- • vii to be warm (e.g. weather or in a room) 3 changed 

heniisiiyóó' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hiisii'óó- • vii (something inanimate, e.g. a plant) to be full grown 

3 changed heniisii'óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

hiisii'óó- • vai to be full grown, to be grown up 3 changed 

heniisii'óót • Source(s):DCAU 

hiiskoh'uusiini- • vii to be afternoon • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiisóho' • vii like that • Source(s):C&M 

hiisóho' • particle this way, like this • Source(s):C&M 

hiisóho'uusiihi' • adv like this way • Source(s):C&M 

hiisó'on- • vta to round up someone (animate object) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiisó'o'ei- • vai to round up horses • Source(s):C&M 

hiisóó- • vii how it is, what it is like • Source(s):C&M 

hiisooowu- • vai to be robust, stocky 3 changed heniisooowut • 

Source(s):LJC 

hiisóówu- • vii (liquid) to be warm 3 changed heniisóówu' • 


hiistii- • vai to be done, be finished doing something • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiisxoxoheihii • na locust • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiit- • pv where • Source(s):C&M 

hiit- • vti to be afraid of s.t., scared of s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

hiit • particle here • Source(s):DCAU 

hii3- • pv from there (to here) • Source(s):C&M 

hii3- • vta to say something to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hii3éihi- • vai how someone habitually is • Source(s):C&M 

hii3einóón • ni 1) buffalo 2) a herd of buffalo pl hii3einoonino' 

obv. sg. hii3einóónin obv. pl. hii3einoonino • 


23 

hii3einóónotii • na Buffalo Wheel, Medicine Wheel (a site in the 

Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming) • Source(s):C&M (PM 

stories text) 

hii3einoonóu • ni buffalo robe • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hii3én- • vti to rub s.t. on (e.g. lotion, ointment) • 


hii3ee- • pv why (relative) • Source(s):C&M 

hii3eenebéihi- • vai how someone was thought of, regarded • 

Source(s):C&M 

hii3hiihi' • adv through there • Source(s):C&M 

hii3ib- • vta to miss s.o. 3:3' changed henii3iwoot • 


hii3ini- • vai (a baby's) umbilical cord to be still attached • 

Source(s):LJC 

hii3inoo'óó- • vai to show up suddenly from someplace else • 

Source(s):C&M 

hii3iihi' • adv from there, from that thing or place • 

Source(s):C&M 

hii3iini • vii where it is from • Source(s):C&M 

hii3kóóhu- • vai to run there • Source(s):C&M 

hii3óhowoo- • vai to spread something (e.g. butter on bread) • 


hii3ohwóót • ni any kind of spread (e.g. butter, margarine, jam) pl 

hii3ohwóotnó • Source(s):DCAU 

hii3oowót- • vti to believe s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

hii3oowóton- • vta to believe s.o. • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

hiitesiteebi • na ['it possesses fire'] house finch Note: Archaic. • 

Source(s):Dorsey & Kroeber, Cowell ms 

hiiteen • ni 1) village 2) tribe pl hiiteeno • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

hiitihiiniinoo' • ni ['it has a tail'] ladle pl hiitihiiniinou'u • 


hiitihiinoo' • ni ladle pl hiitihiinou'u • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiitisee- • vai to come in the direction of the speaker, arrive where 

the speaker is • Source(s):C&M 

hiitiseenóó' • vii where s.t. comes from • Source(s):C&M 

hiitixotii- • vai to bring something here from someplace • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiitono'on- • vta 1) to be on both sides of s.o. 2) to be all around 


hiitonóó3ee- • vai to arm oneself, get one's weapons • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiitoyóó' • ni 1) moisture 2) dew • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

hiitoohuunóókec • na ox • Source(s):DCAU 

hiitookuutii- • vai to pour something rapidly • Source(s):C&M 

hiitóón- • vti to pour s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hiitoo'oo- • vai to come 'pouring' (i.e. in large numbers, rapidly) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiwo' • particle unexpectedly, contrary to expectation • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiwoohob- • vta to peek at s.o. 3:3' changed heniiwoohówoot • 


hiiwooku'oo- • vai 1) to peek, watch or see someone while hiding 

2) to spy on someone 3 changed heniiwooku'oot • 


hiiwóónhehe' • adv 1) now 2) these days • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M, LJC 

hiixonéihi- • vai to be useful • Source(s):DCAU 

hiixonih- • vta 1) to be useful to s.o. 2) to do s.o. a favor • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiixonoh'oehiini- • vai 1) to be mature, grown up 2) to be reliable,

dependable 3 changed heniixonoh'oehiinit • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC-philological 

hiixóu'u'uuhu' • adv up at the top, at the summit , LJC 

hiixóuuhu- • vai to climb to the top • Source(s):C&M 

hiixowóót- • vti 1) to have enough of s.t. 2) to be satisfied with s.t. 


hiixowootéihi- • vai 1) to be satisfied 2) to have enough • 


hiixoxo • na muskrat pl hiixoxohuh'o' Note: Usually used in the 

diminutive, hiixoxohuhu'. • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

hiixoxónee- • vii to be full 3 changed heniixoxónee' • Listen: 

heniixoxónee' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

hiixoxónoh- • vta to fill s.o. 3:3' changed heniixoxónohóót • 


hiixoxónotii- • vti to fill s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hiixoxó'- • vti to get close to s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

hiixoxo'on- • vta 1) to surround s.o. 2) to come close to s.o., 

approach s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hiixóxo'onéihi- • vai to be surrounded • Source(s):C&M 

hiixóóhob- • vta to watch s.o. in order to learn, learn from s.o. by 

watching • Source(s):C&M 

hiixoohoo3ih- • vta to instruct s.o., teach s.o., to show s.o. how to 

do something 3:3' changed heniixoohoo3ihó' • 


hiixoohoo3i3éihii • na instructor, teacher pl hiixoohoo3i3eihiiho' • 


hiixoohóótowoo- • vai to learn for oneself by observing carefully • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiixoohóótowoo- • vai to learn • Source(s):DCAU 

hiixóóko- • vta to fill a pipe • Source(s):DCAU 

hiixookóónee- • vai to be completely wet • Source(s):DCAU 

hiixóon • ni hump ribs of the buffalo • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hiixóówo'on- • vta 1) to make s.o. move away, drive s.o. off 2) to 

defeat s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hiixóóxuwu- • vai to pass a law about something • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiixoo'éé- • vii to be dry 3 changed heniixoo'oe' • 


hiixoo'óó- • vai to be dry, dry up 3 changed heniixoo'óót • 

Source(s):LJC 

hiixoo'óóni- • vii to be dry • Source(s):C&M 

hiiyoohóu' • vii 1) to be nothing, for there to be none of something 

2) to disappear, vanish • Source(s):C&M 

hiiyoot- • pv 1) pure 2) clean 

hiiyoo3ih- • vta to keep s.o. clean (primarily morally) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiyoo3inouhu- • vai to be neatly dressed, wearing clean clothing • 


hiiyoo3itii- • vai to keep something clean and pure • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiyoo3iihi' • adv 1) cleanly 2) properly, respectfully • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiyoo3nii3in- • vti to possess s.t. cleanly • Source(s):C&M 

hiiyoo3tonóun- • vti to use s.t. cleanly, properly or respectfully • 

Source(s):C&M 

hiiyootehéh- • vai to be an innocent child 3 changed 

heniiyootehéht 

hiiyootéihi- • vai to be clean, neat 3 changed heniiyootéiht • 


hiiyóótesoo- • vii to be fine grass (without any weeds) • 


24 

hiiyóóte'in- • vti to know s.t. cleanly, to learn and use knowledge 

in the right way • Source(s):C&M 

hiiyootéénebéihi- • vai to be known to be clean or pure, be 

thought of as clean or pure • Source(s):C&M 

hiiyóótoowu' • vii (water) to be pure 3 changed heniiyóótoowu' • 


hii'éihi- • vai to be popular • Source(s):DCAU 

hii'otooneenóón- • vta to sell s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

hii'outé- • vii to be nearby 3 changed henii'outé' • 


hii'óx- • vti to be near s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hii'óxon- • vta to be near s.o. 3:3' changed henii'oxónoot • 


hii'oohówun • particle once that is done, once that is finished (then 

the next thing can be done) • Source(s):C&M 

-ho • suffix obviative plural, na 

hócei- • vai to fry something • Source(s):DCAU 

hócoo • ni 1) steak 2) something fried pl hócoono • Listen: hócoo 

(LD) , hócoo (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU 

hocóót- • vti to fry s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hócoo3- • vti to fry s.t., cook s.t. in a pan (usually meat) • 


hoe'óén- • vti to make a shelter out of willows • Source(s):C&M 

hohéis • na 1) crazy person, foolish person 2) senile person • 


hoheisiini- • vai 1) to be foolish, be crazy 2) to be senile 3 

changed hooheisiinit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hohé' • ni mountain pl hoh'énii loc. hohÕéniÕ • Listen: hohé' 

(AB) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, ZS 

hohkónee • particle finally • Source(s):C&M 

hohóu • particle thank you • Source(s):DCAU 

hohóuhuuniisi' • ni ['thank day'] Thanksgiving day • 


hohóukes • particle thank you Note: Used by women. Archaic. • 


hoho'éniibiixoxko'o' • na mountain goat • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hoho'nóókee • na rock, stone pl hoh'onóókeeno' obv. sg. 

hoh'onóókeen • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hoho'nookeewox • na ['rock bear'] wolverine • Source(s):LJC 

Hoho'nookowuunen • na ['rock man'] member of one of the five 

'sub-tribes' said by Curtis to have been absorbed into the 

Northern and Southern Arapaho • Source(s):Curtis 1911, TA 

hóho'oyóóx • na 1) cactus, scientific name Cactaceae spp. and 

Opuntia spp. 2) peyote, scientific name Lophophora williamsii 

pl hoho'oyóóxuu • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hóho'yóóxuunó'eiihi' • na peyote drum • Source(s):LJC 

hohooco • ni oak tree, scientific name Quercus spp. • 


hohookéhe' • na moth, miller pl hohookóho' Note: TA:190-3 • 


hohóókee • na crazy person, foolish person pl hohóókeeno' • 


hohookééni- • vai to be or act foolish, crazy, to disobey social 

norms and mores 3 changed hoohookéénit • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

hohookeenikokuy • ni whistle used in the Crazy Lodge dance • 


hohookeenou • ni robe used in the Crazy Lodge dance • 


hohookoohoo • ni a medicinal and ceremonial root • 

Source(s):JAC 2005

hohóokóowu' • ni ['crazy lodge'] Crazy Lodge age-grade society • 

Source(s):TA, C&M 

hóhooku- • vai to wipe an eye or eyes • Source(s):C&M 

hóhookuneti- • vai to wipe one's eyes • Source(s):C&M 

hohóót • na 1) tree 2) cottonwood tree, scientific name Populus 

deltoides pl hohóótino' obv. sg. hohóótin loc. hohóóti' • Listen: 

hohóót (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, JAC 2005 

hohóótinbiiitino • narrowleaf cottonwood, scientific name 

Populus angustifolia • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hohootiinoo'óó- • vai to turn in to a tree, become a tree • 


hóh'eniicénee • na blue grouse ('mountain grouse') pl 

hóh'eniicéneeno' • Source(s):DCAU 

hoh'eniini' • vii to be mountainous, there are mountains 3 changed 

hooh'eniini' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hoh'onóókeeniititenéiht • ni quarry (source of stone) • 


hokeciihi- • vai to be small • Source(s):DCAU 

hokeciihih- • vai to be little, small, tiny • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hokecii'óó'oo- • vii to become little, small 3 changed 

hookecii'óó'oo' • Source(s):DCAU 

hokecóuhu- • vii to be little, small 3 changed hookecóuhu' • 


hokecóuhuni- • vii to be little, small 3 changed hookecóuhu' • 

Source(s):C&M 

hokéeekón- • to wade across or cross a river as a group • 

Source(s):C&M 

hokóh- • vti to close s.t., stopper s.t. Note: Used for closing up a 

sweat lodge, also for closing a door or window. • 


hokohóe • ni 1) cover 2) lid 3) plug pl hokohóeno • 


hokóhoee • ni cork, stopper pl hokóhoeeno • Source(s):DCAU 

hókok • ni broth, soup, stew pl hókokuu • Source(s):DCAU 

hókoun- • vii to be dammed • Source(s):DCAU 

hokóuyóo • ni reservoir • Source(s):DCAU 

hokóxesnouyéi- • vai to plaster, put plaster on • Source(s):DCAU 

hokóxesnouyóó • ni plaster • Source(s):DCAU 

hokoo3en- • vti to change s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

hókoo3itoo- • vai to change the way one is doing something, 

change tactics • Source(s):C&M 

hokootén- • vta to replace s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hokootén- • vti to replace s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hokootóu3i- • vai (the moon) to be new 3 changed hookootóu3i' • 


hokootóu3i'éhk • vii next month • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hokóóx • na tepee pole pl hokóóxuno' obv. sg. hokóóxun 3 poss. 

hitokóóxun • Source(s):DCAU 

honesiihuut • veiny dock, scientific name Rumex venosus • 


hone'éékuu- • vai to stand bent down • Source(s):C&M 

honeesi- • vii to be blown over by wind 3 changed hooneesi' • 

Source(s):LJC 

honi' • na squirrel Note: Archaic. • Source(s):Cowell ms 

honii'o • na, ni rasberry, scientific name Rubus idaeus • 


hónobéihi- • vai to be cheerful, happy, merry • Source(s):DCAU 

honobee- • vai to be happy • Source(s):LJC 

honohube' • particle on the opposite side, on the other side • 


honohube' • particle there, away from here • Source(s):DCAU 

25 

hónohube' nooke'ehk • ni the day after tomorrow • 


hónohube' tih'iisiini' • ni the day before yesterday • 


honóh'oe • na (male) adolescent, teenager, youth, young man pl 

honóh'oho' obv. sg. honóh'o • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

honóh'oehihi' • na little boy pl honóh'oehih'o' • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M, LJC 

honóh'oe'einiine'etiit • ni the life of young boys, the way young 

boys live • Source(s):C&M 

hónonihéihiinóó- • vii (a gift, special power or knowledge) to be 

waited for patiently • Source(s):C&M 

honou3éiniisiis • ni December • Source(s):DCAU 

honóuunee- • pv superlative, most • Source(s):C&M 

hónouuneenóó- • vii to be difficult • Source(s):C&M, DCAU 

honóuunowóót- • vti to do s.t. in the preferable or best way • 

Source(s):C&M 

hónowounóuhu- • vai to embrace one another • Source(s):C&M 

hónowoo3- • vta to embrace s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hónowóótooku'oo- • vai to have a good time watching something 


hónowu3ecoo- • vai to be happy, be in a joyous mood 3 changed 

hóónowu3ecoot • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

honowu3ehi- • vai to rejoice • Source(s):DCAU 

hóno' • ni sky loc. honó'u' • Source(s):DCAU 

hono'uton- • vta to have or keep people or animals together • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóno'utonéihi- • vai 1) to be whole 2) to to be very wealthy 3 

changed hóóno'utonéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

hono'utoyóó- • vii to be complete, all there 3 changed 

hoono'utoyóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

hóno'utoyoo- • vii to be whole 3 changed hóóno'utoyoo' • 


hónookó3ookunu' • buckwheat, scientific name Eriogonum spp. • 


honookowuubeet • na ['it has a bent nose'] elephant • 

Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

hónoot • particle until • Source(s):DCAU 

honootónoo'oo' • ni March (month) • Source(s):DCAU 

hónoowuuxó' • bulrush, scientific name Scirpus or 

Schoenoplectus spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

honóoyóó • don't you dare! • Source(s):C&M 

honxówoo • ni safety pin pl honxówoono • Source(s):DCAU 

hoséihiinén • na ['offering man'] Sun Dance participant, man who 

has participated in the Sun Dance • Source(s):C&M 

hoséihiinohwóót • ni 1) Sun Dance Lodge 2) dance performed 

during Sun Dance • Source(s):DCAU 

hóseihiinóot • ni Sun Dance song • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hoseihoowunotii • na Sun Dance Wheel • Source(s):ALKms 

hóseihoowu' • ni ['offerings lodge'] Sun Dance Lodge, Sun Dance 

ceremony • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

hoseikuu3- • vta to throw s.o. away • Source(s):DCAU 

hoseikuutii- • vti to throw s.t. away • Source(s):DCAU 

hoséino' • ni meat pl hoseinouu • Source(s):DCAU 

hosei3- • pv reverse 

hosei3iihi' • adv in reverse • Source(s):DCAU 

hosei3kóóhu- • vai to run in reverse • Source(s):DCAU 

hoseiyoo • ni offering, the act of giving something away • 


ho3 • ni arrow pl hó3ii Note: Possessive forms are irregular, e.g. 

neic my arrow, heic, your arrow, hiniic his arrow. • Listen:

ho3 (AB) , hó3ii (AO) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ho3eihtee- • vai to have stinky feet 3 changed hoo3eihteet • 

Source(s):LJC 

hó3es- • pv clear, clearly • Source(s):C&M 

hó3es • particle in the open, plainly visible • Source(s):DCAU 

ho3esóó- • vii to be in plain sight, visible • Source(s):C&M 

ho3es3ii'ookuu- • vai to be standing in plain sight • 


ho3hi- • vai choke • Source(s):DCAU 

ho3io' • na a young man who serves as a helper, assistant or 

runner during a ceremony pl ho3io'nó' • Source(s):TA, DCAU, 

LJC 

ho3i'eeb- • vta to ask s.o. a favor, ask s.o. to do something • 


ho3i'ééb- • vta to hire s.o. 3:3' changed hoo3i'ééwoot • 


ho3i'eebee- • vai to be asked a favor, be asked to do something • 

Source(s):C&M 

ho3i'eenebéihi- • vai to be thought of as a person who can be 

asked to do something, be thought of as dependable • 

Source(s):C&M 

hó3o' • na star pl hó3o'uu obv. sg. hó3o'uu obv. pl. hó3o'uu • 


hó3o'huuho' • na (pl.) Star Men, members of the Star Lodge agegrade 

society • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

hó3o'uhuunén • na Star Man, member of the Star Lodge pl 

hó3o'uhuunénno' • Source(s):DCAU 

hó3o'uusoo • na star child, Little Star • Source(s):C&M 

hó3oowub- • vta to blame s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hóteibii3hiit • ni ['sheep food'] yellow stonecrop flower, scientific 

name Amerosedum lanceolatum • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hóteiciineenó' • ni (pl.) sheep wool • Source(s):DCAU 

Hóteikoh'owu' • placename Little Wind River • Source(s):LJC 

hoteiné3 • na ['sheep dog'] sheepdog • Source(s):DCAU 

hoteine'có'eihii • na sheepherder, shepherd pl hoteine'co'eihiiho' • 


hóteiniicie • ni ['sheep river'] Big Wind River • Source(s):DCAU 

hóteinoséino' • ni mutton, meat of sheep or lamb • 


hoteiisóó • na lamb pl hoteiisóóno' • Source(s):DCAU 

hóte' • na sheep pl hóteii obv. sg. hóteii obv. pl. hóteii • 


hotii • na 1) wheel, either on a vehicle or a sacred ceremonial 

object, such as a stone wheel structure, as in the Bighorn 

Mountains 2) vehicle with wheels (e.g. car, wagon) 3) a game 

implement shaped like a wheel pl hotiiwo' obv. sg. hotiiw 3 

poss. hitotiiw loc. hotiibe' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hotiibiiwó'o • ni ['the way of the wheel'] a ceremony concerning 

the Sacred Wheel or the wheel in the Bighorn Mountains of 

Wyoming • Source(s):C&M 

hotohine • ni (arctic) rush, scientific name Juncus arcticus • 


hotówou3ecóó- • vai to grieve • Source(s):DCAU 

hotóob- • vta to consume s.o., gobble s.o. up • Source(s):C&M 

hotóóbe- • vai to consume something, eat something up, gobble 

something up 3 changed hootóóbe' • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

hotóóneihii • na merchant, seller • Source(s):DCAU 

hotóónee- • vta to burrow in to s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hotóónee- • vti to burrow in to s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hotóónee- • vai to shop, buy things • Source(s):LJC 

hotóóneeno'oowu' • ni market, store • Source(s):DCAU 

26 

hotóóneewohoonónook • ni twine • Source(s):DCAU 

hotóónoot- • vti to buy s.t., purchase s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hotóonóó3eti- • vai 1) to exchange things among one another 2) to 

support one another • Source(s):C&M 

hótoowkuu3- • vta 1) to swallow s.o. 2) to devour s.o. (anim. obj.) 


hótoowkuutii- • vai 1) to swallow something 2) to devour 

something 3:3' changed hóótowkuutiit • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU, ZS> 

hótoowkuutoot • ni uvula pl hótoowkuutotno • Source(s):DCAU 

hóu • ni blanket, robe pl hóuwó • Listen: hou (AB) , houwó (LD) • 


houhuut • ni step • Source(s):DCAU 

hóuhuut- • vti to climb s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

houneenóó- • vii to be difficult 3 changed hónouneenóó' • 


hou3inee- • vai to be on top of something • Source(s):DCAU 

hóu3oó • ni rack, shelf pl hóu3oono • Source(s):DCAU 

houte- • vii to be hanging • Source(s):DCAU 

houtéyoonee- • vai to hang up meat to dry 3 changed 

honoutéyoonéét • Source(s):DCAU 

houtihii • ni 1) porcupine tail 2) comb made from porcupine quills 

Note: Porcupine quills were used as combs, and for ear 

piercing. • Source(s):DCAU 

hou'utii- • vai to hang something up • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

hóuu • na 1) crow 2) raven 3) God, Man-Above pl hóuunó' obv. 

sg. houun obv. pl. houuno • Listen: hóuu (AB) , hóuu (LD) • 


hóuuhu- • vai to climb • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

houuhuut • ni ladder • Source(s):DCAU 

hóuuhuutón- • vta to climb s.o. 3:3' changed honóuuhuutónoot • 


hóuunée- • pv really, extremely, the most • Source(s):C&M 

hóuuneenóó- • vii to be difficult • Source(s):C&M 

houunohowoot • ni Crow Dance • Source(s):ALKms 

houusoo • na Porcupine Child • Source(s):Cowell ms 

houusóó • ni top (toy) 3 poss. hitouusóó • Source(s):DCAU 

hóuu3ine- • vai 1) to be hanging or hung in a place 2) to be in an 

elevated position 3 changed honóuu3ine' • Source(s):C&M 

hóuu3kuutii- • vai to throw something so that it hangs • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóuute- • vai to hang, be hung 3 changed honóuute' • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóuutéyoonéé- • vai to hang meat out to dry • Source(s):C&M 

howneenówobehiit • ni serious illness • Source(s):DCAU 

howoh- • pv many, much, a lot • Source(s):C&M 

howohnon3éineecihi' • vii there is a lot of noise being made • 

Source(s):C&M 

howóho'óé • vai (imperative) wait! Note: Used by men. • 

Source(s):C&M 

howóh'oowu' • ni ['many houses'] town loc. howóh'oowuu' • 


Howóh'oowu' • placename town of Lander, WY 

howóten- • vta to rouse s.o., wake s.o. up 3:3' changed 

hoowótenoot • Source(s):DCAU 

howóto'óó- • vai to wake up • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

howóuunon- • vta 1) to have mercy on s.o. 2) take pity on s.t. 3) 

sympathize with s.o. 3:3' changed hóówouunónoot • 


hówouunónetiit • ni mercy, pity • Source(s):C&M 

howóó • particle also, even • Source(s):C&M, LJC

hówoo3itoo- • vai to enjoy • Source(s):DCAU 

hówooyéiti- • vai to pray (especially in a ritual traditional way 

involving crying and pleading) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

howooyéitiit • ni prayer • Source(s):DCAU 

hówooyéitoo- • vai to engage in prayer for oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

howooyóó- • vii to be rare • Source(s):DCAU 

hówoo'oo- • vai to pray, worship • Source(s):C&M 

hówoo'oo- • vai to worship • Source(s):DCAU 

hówoo'óót • ni worship, prayer, act of worshipping or praying • 

Source(s):C&M 

hówoo'uubiis • ni water birch, scientific name Betula fontinalis • 

Source(s):TA, JAC 2005 

how3o'- • pv never 

howuhnéniinóó' • vii 1) there is a lot 2) there is too much • 

Source(s):C&M 

howuhsei- • vai to have many children, offspring 3 changed 

hoowuhseit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

howuutééyei- • vai to shut the door • Source(s):DCAU 

hóxehisei • na female animale • Source(s):DCAU 

hóxes • ni mud • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxesiinec • ni muddy water, dirty water • Source(s):ALKms 

hoxesiini- • vii to be muddy 3 changed hooxesiini' • 


hoxesiini- • vai to be muddy, dirty 3 changed hooxesiinit • 


hoxesiinoowu- • vii (water) to be murky, muddy • 


hoxkuh- • vai 1) to button up 2) to zip up • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hóxkuhuut • ni button • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxób- • vta to feed s.o. 3:3' changed hooxówoot • 


hoxóbetiiniisi' • ni 'ration day' Saturday • Source(s):LJC 

hoxóbetiit • ni ration pl hoxobetiitono • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxóehi- • vai to be ticklish • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxotóóno' • ni cliff, precipice pl hoxotóónou'u • Listen: 

hoxotóóno' (LD) , hoxotóónou'u (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

hoxou'éi'óó- • vai to smile • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxou'éi'óóton- • vta to smile at s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hóxowkoohu • vai to take a shortcut (running or by car) 3 changed 

hóóxowkoohut • Source(s):DCAU 

hóxowkoohuuhéi- • vai to take a shortcut (on horseback) 3 

changed hóóxowkoohuuhéit • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxowusee- • vai to take a shortcut (on foot) • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxoxóh- • vta to scrape s.o. off (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxoxóh- • vti to scrape s.t. off, as in scraping a hide • 


hoxoxohoe • ni scraper • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hoxoyéi- • vai 1) to sew something 2) to mend something (by 

sewing) • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxoyóót- • vti 1) to stitch s.t., sew s.t. 2) to mend s.t. 3) to fix s.t. 


hoxoyóó3- • vta to mend s.o., stitch s.o. (anim. obj.) • 


hoxo'oh- • vta to make s.o. laugh • Source(s):LJC 

hoxo'oni- • vai to laugh • Listen: hooxo'oninoo (WaC) • 


hoxóóxeen- • vta to tickle s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

Hoxoo'o3inéno' • na (pl.) one of four Arapaho bands identified by 

Kroeber, said by Kroeber to have been on the South Canadian 

river in Oklahoma • Source(s):TA 

27 

hoxtóóno' • ni bank, cliff • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

hoxtóóno'óuni- • vii there is a bank, steep slope, or cliff there • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoxuse- • vii to be decaying (e.g. meat), rotten 3 changed hooxuse' 


hoxux • na 1) berdache, transvestite 2) also applied to a 

homosexual person (of either sex) pl hoxuxonó' obv. sg. 

hoxuxun • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

hoxuyéi- • vai to knit 3 changed hooxuyéit • Source(s):DCAU 

hoxuus, hoxwuus • ni box elder tree, scientific name Negundo 

aceroides • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hoyéi- • vai to win • Source(s):DCAU 

hoyéihowoot • ni shelter • Source(s):DCAU 

hóyeikóóhu- • vai take cover (e.g. from bad weather) • 


hóyeinoo- • vii to be sheltered • Source(s):DCAU 

hoyóó3- • vta to win against s.o., beat s.o. in a contest • 


ho' • ni dirt • Listen: ho' (AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

-ho' • suffix plural, na 

ho'éihii • na painter • Source(s):DCAU 

hó'éii • na drum pl hó'eih'o' obv. sg. hó'eih'o • Source(s):DCAU 

ho'esciibis • ni ash tree, scientific name Fraxinus pensylvanica • 


ho'éeét • ni 1) paint 2) clay pl ho'oeetono • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ho'oee3oo • ni paintbrush • Source(s):Cowell ms, Cowell p.c. 

ho'oeétii- • vai to paint something • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ho'onóóx • ni ax pl ho'onóó3o • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ho'oowu' • ni house pl ho'oowuu 3 poss. hito'oowu' • 


ho'uwoonó3 • ni parfleche, bag for jerked meat • 


ho'uwoonóx • ni rawhide bag pl ho'uwoono3o • Listen: 

ho'uwoonó3o (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

ho'uuni- • vai to be dirty, be dusty 3 changed hoo'uuni' • 


ho'uuw • ni jerky, dehydrated meat, dried meat pl ho'uuwonó • 


ho'yóóxuunokóy • ni ['peyote structure'] Peyote Lodge • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoo • na porcupine pl houu'o', houu • Listen: hoo (AB) • 


hoobéihi- • vai to lack something, not have something • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoobeihiit • ni the things which one is lacking, things which one 

doesn't have • Source(s):C&M 

hoocéisee- • vai to crawl or slither, e.g. a snake 3 changed 

honooceiseet • Source(s):Cowell ms, ZS 

hóócoo • na devil, Satan pl hóócoono' obv. sg. hóócoon • Listen: 

hóócoo (WaC) , hóócoo (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hoohóókee • na fool, foolish person pl hoohóokeeno' • 


hookéihtoo • ni hoof pl hookeihtoono • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hóókoh • particle because • Source(s):DCAU 

hookonoonéihi- • vai 1) to be serious 2) to be respected • 


hookónoonééneb- • vta to think of s.o. respectfully • 

Source(s):C&M 

hookónooninihiit- • vti to say or mention s.t. respectfully • 

Source(s):C&M 

hookónooniseenóó- • vii to occur in a respectful way •

Source(s):C&M 

hookónooni3ecoo- • vai to think in a respectful way • 

Source(s):C&M 

hookónooniihi' • adv in a respectful or sacred manner • 

Source(s):C&M 

hookónoono'óó- • vai to act consistently respectful • 

Source(s):C&M 

hookónoontoo- • vai to do something in a respectful way • 

Source(s):C&M 

hookónooyóó- • vii to be sacred, respected • Source(s):C&M 

hóokóto • ni cane pl hookótohoo • Source(s):DCAU 

hookoubiixuut • ni jacket, coat • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

hookóuhu- • vai to cook something for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

hookow- • pv bent 

hookowoonéétee- • vii to shrivel (due to heat) 3 changed 

honookowoonéétee' • Source(s):DCAU 

hookoyóó- • vii to be thick 3 changed honookoyóó' • 


hooko'éé- • vai to cast a spell • Source(s):DCAU 

hooko'óó3 • vta to put s.o. under a spell • Source(s):DCAU 

hooko'óóx • ni saddle pl hooko'óóxno • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

hooko'ooxnih'oohoe • ni saddle pad filler (made from buffalo hair) 

• Source(s):Cowell ms 

hóókoonéyei- • vai to make a vow • Source(s):DCAU 

hóókoonéyeih- • vta to make a vow for the benefit of s.o. • 


hóókoonéyoó • ni vow • Source(s):DCAU 

hóókoo3- • vta to take s.o. home • Source(s):C&M 

hookoo3itoo- • vai to change the way one does something, change 

one's ways • Source(s):C&M 

hookoo3iihi' • adv homeward, on the way home • 


hóókootén- • vti to change s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hookootéso'on- • vta to chase s.o. to their home • Source(s):C&M 

hookootii- • vai to take something to one's home • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóókooto'óh- • vti to unscrew s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hookoo'eeni- • vii (brush) to be thick • Source(s):ZS 

hookseetohuut • ni tipi cover, tipi liner • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hóókuhu'ee • ni head pl hóókuhu'eeno • Source(s):DCAU 

hookun- • vti 1) to untie s.t., unlace s.t. 2) to loosen a knot • 


hookun- • vta 1) to untie, unlace (anim. obj.) 2) to loosen a knot • 


hookuu • na mouse pl hookuuhuho' • Listen: hookuu (LD) , 

hookuuhuho' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hookuuhuhu' • na mouse (diminutive) Note: Archaic. • Listen: 

hookuuhuhu' (LD) • Source(s):AD (Arapaho Dialects), LJC 

hookuuno'óó' • vii it has warmed up (e.g. after a cold day) 3 

changed honookuuno'óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

hóokuus- • proclitic have to, must • Source(s):C&M 

hookuusiini- • vii to be a warm day after a cold day • 


hookuusiini- • vii to warm up (e.g. after a cold day) 3 changed 

honookuusiini' • Source(s):DCAU 

hóókuu3- • vta to cook for s.o. (non-ceremonially) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóókuu'óó- • vii to thaw, warm up 3 changed honóókuu'óó' • 


hoonino' • na 1) quill 2) ?porcupine pl hooninou'u Note: 

Porcupine quills are used for quillwork decorations on tepees, 

28 

clothing etc., though beads have become more common for 

this type of work. • Listen: hoonino' (LD) , hooninou'u (LD) • 

Source(s):DCAU, LJC, ALKms 

hoonii • particle a long time, after a long time • Source(s):C&M, 

C&M 

hoonobéé' • ni a happy situation, circumstance • Source(s):DCAU 

hoonónkuutéhib- • vta to wrestle with s.o. 3:3' changed 

honoonónkuutehiwoot • Source(s):DCAU 

hoono3oobéé- • vii to be mysterious 3 changed honoono3oobéé' • 


hoonotóu'u- • vai to feel pain from being burned • Source(s):C&M 

hoonotoon- • vta to pay s.o. 3 changed honóóntoonoot • 


hoonotoonowuun- • vta to pay for s.o. • Source(s):LJC 

hoonóu3ootiini- • vii to be Christmas 3 changed 

honoonou3ootiini' • Source(s):LJC 

hóónowóótooku'oo- • vai to have a good view of something, as a 

spectator • Source(s):C&M 

hoonoyóóh- • vta to guard s.o. 3:3' changed honoonoyoohówoot • 


hoonoyóóhob- • vta to watch s.o., guard s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

hoonoyoohowun- • vta keep an eye on s.o. , Cowell p.c. 

hoonoyoohóót- • vti 1) to watch s.t. 2) to guard s.t. • 


hoonoyoohoot- • vta keep an eye on s.t. , Cowell p.c. 

hoonoyoohóó3eihii • na sentry pl honoyoohoo3eihiiho' • 


hóónoyoohóo3éihii • na guard • Source(s):C&M 

hóónoyoohóo3éi'i- • vai to watch out for things, be on guard • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoonoyoohóótowuun- • vta to watch something for s.o. • 

Source(s):LJC 

hóóno' • particle not yet • Source(s):C&M 

hóóno'oéi- • vai to paint, e.g. a wall • Source(s):DCAU 

hoono'oeé3- • vta to paint s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hooó • ni bed pl hóoowó loc. hóóbeÕ • Listen: hóoó (AB) , hóoó 


hoosóó- • vii to rain 3 changed honoosóó' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hoosóó- • vii to be fancy 3 changed hónoosóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

hoosóó- • vii to be fancy 3 changed hónoosóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

hoosoonéc • ni rainwater • Source(s):DCAU 

hoosooti- • vii to rain 3 changed honoosooti' • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo3- • pv next in time, next in a sequence • Source(s):Cowell 

p.c., LJC 

hoo3ceciini'éhk • particle next year • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo3iteihii • na narrator • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo3ite'e- • vai to tell a story • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3itee- • vai to testify • Source(s):DCAU 

hóó3itóuhu- • vai to tell a story for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3itoó • ni story, tale pl hoo3itoono • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hoo3itoon- • vta to tell s.o. a story, tell s.o about something 3:3' 

changed honoo3itoonoot • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hoo3itooniini- • vai to have a story (about oneself, or to tell) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoo3itoot- • vti to tell s.t., narrate s.t. (e.g. a story) • 


hoo3itoo3óó' • vii (a story) is told, has been told • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3itootiini' • vii stories are told • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3i'in- • vta 1) to have a hold on s.o., have a line around s.o.'s 

feet 2) to be owed money by s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC

hoo3iihi' • adv 1) later 2) next time 3) another time • 


hoo3iisiini- • vii to be the next day • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3on • particle ?next, upcoming • Source(s):LJC 

hóó3onéihi- • vai 1) to triumph over a challenge, resist 

successfully 2) to be undefeatable • Source(s):C&M 

hóó3onih- • vta to resist s.o., defeat s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3óntii- • vai to be unable to manage something • 


hóó3o' • particle I bet it is so • Source(s):C&M 

hoo3oonoyoot • ni spider web • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hoo3óó'o' • na 1) (plural) others 2) (plural) the rest 3) (plural) 

some • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hoo3tone'einouu3i- • vai to be upside down 3 changed 

hónoo3tone'éinou3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo3tone'einóótee- • vii to be upside down 3 changed 

honoo3tone'einóótee' • Source(s):DCAU 

hóoté • ni sinew pl hóotohó • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

hóoteeni' • vii something is located there, something is arranged 

or laid out there, there is a camp there • Source(s):C&M, 

C&M 

hóotéé' • vii something is located there, something is arranged or 

laid out there, there is a camp there • Source(s):C&M, C&M 

hóotii- • vai to camp (individually rather than as a group or tribe), 

to set up camp • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

hóótonee- • vai to put out a fire • Source(s):C&M 

hóótonéén- • vti to turn the heat off • Source(s):DCAU 

hóótoneeniisiis • ni ['wind month'] March (month) • 


hóótowkuu3- • vta to devour s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hootooh- • vti to hammer s.t. 3 changed honootooho' • 

Source(s):LJC 

hootoohóé • ni nail (metal fastener) pl hootoohóeno • 


hootoohóé • ni screw pl hootoohóéno • Source(s):DCAU 

hóótoonéihi- • vai to be paid • Source(s):C&M 

hóótoonéihini- • vii 1) to be attached with sinew 2) to be sewn • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoow- • pv negation (irrealis negative) • Source(s):C&M 

hóówben- • vta to take s.o. down • Listen: nih'óówbenó' (WiC) • 

Source(s):LJC 

hoowbén- • vti to take s.t. down • Listen: nih'oowbénowoo (WiC) 


hoowcénoo'óó- • vai to jump down • Source(s):DCAU 

hoowciiyei'i- • vai to step down • Source(s):DCAU 

hoowkóu3iihi' • particle recently • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

hoowkóóhu- • vai to run down a hill or slope • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

hóówkuu3- • vta to throw s.o. down • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

hóówkuutii- • vai to throw something down • Source(s):LJC, 

Cowell p.c. 

hoownoohobéihi • vai ['not seen'] to be invisible 3 changed 

hoownoohobéihi • Source(s):DCAU 

hoowoho'ohteihii • na ['it has many legs'] centipede Note: 

TA:438, 443 • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hoowo3óów • ni 1) breath 2) air 3) life • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU, LJC 

hoowo3óówo- • vai to breathe • Source(s):LJC 

hoowóto'óó- • vai to be awake • Source(s):DCAU 

hoowouuhu- • vai to climb down • Source(s):LJC 

hóówo'bisisi- • vii to be barely showing • Source(s):C&M 

29 

hoowóóh- • pv no more, no longer • Source(s):C&M 

hoowtéciitoo- • vai to roll down • Source(s):DCAU 

hoowtei'éihi- • vai-NEG ['not strong'] to be feeble • 


hoowtoxu'óó- • vii ['not sharp'] 1) to be blunt 2) to be dull • 


hoowuciisiihi' • adv not far away • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuh- • pv too much, too many, excessively • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuhcehi- • vai to jump off, get down or go down quickly, 

dismount • Listen: nih'oowuhcehit (LD) • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuho'ohteet • na ['it has many legs'] centipede Note: TA:438, 

443 • Source(s):ALKms, Cowell ms 

hoowuh'ohu- • vai to fly down • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuh'ohuukóóhu- • vai to fly down quickly • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuniihinen • na Lower Arapaho • Source(s):LJC 

hoowuniihisee- • vai to go down along (a stream) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoowuniihiihi' • adv downriver, downstream, down along a river • 


hoowunii'ou'oo- • vai float downriver • Source(s):LJC 

hoowuno'oo' • vii (water) is flowing downstream • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoowusee- • vai to go down, go downhill, get down • 


hoowusee- • vai 1) to get down (e.g. off a horse) 2) go down (e.g. 

downhill) • Source(s):LJC 

hoowu3oow • ni air, breath • Source(s):AD (Arapaho Dialects), 

Cowell ms 

hoowuuhu' • adv down, downwards Note: also used to mean 

South, esp. when referring to Oklahoma • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuuhu' • adv none, not • Source(s):C&M 

hoowuuni • vii not, none, nothing • Listen: hoowuuni (WaC) , 

hoowuuni (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hoowuuni- • vii to be nothing, zero • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxéb • ni 1) spring (source of water) 2) fountain 3) well pl 

hooxébino • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxebeciihi' • particle in spring water • Source(s):C&M 

hóóxehib • ni buffalo berry, bull berry pl hóóxehib(i)no • 


hóóxei • na wolf pl hooxéihino' obv. sg. hooxéihin • Listen: 

hóóxei (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

hooxéihiinéniinohwóót • ni Wolf Dance, Pawnee Dance • 


hóóxee- • pv in exchange, in response, in return • Source(s):C&M 

hóóxeebéihi- • vai to swap something, trade something (?anim. 

obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxeebiin- • vta to swap with s.o., trade with s.o. • 


hooxeebiineti- • vai to swap, trade with one another • 


hóóxeehibino' • ni buffalo berry, scientific name Shepherdia 

canadensis • Source(s):JAC 2005 

hóóxeehiwox • na male elk, elk bull • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hóóxeesiisiiyei • na ['bull snake'] bullsnake, gopher snake • 


hóoxobéihe' • particle close by, near • Source(s):C&M 

hooxóebiineti- • vai to trade, exchange things • Source(s):C&M 

hooxóénihii- • vai to answer, respond 3 changed honooxoenihiit • 


hooxóénihii3- • vta 1) to answer s.o. 2) to respond to s.o. • 

Source(s):DCAU

hóóxoeniitóuhu- • vai to howl or holler back in response, answer 

back by howling or hollering • Source(s):C&M 

hóóxoentéesisee- • vai to exchange a horse • Source(s):C&M 

hooxóeen- • vti to exchange s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxohéén- • vta to retaliate against s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxohéénowoo- • vai to retaliate • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxóhoekuu3- • vta to juggle s.o. (animate objects) • 


hooxóhoekuutii- • vti to juggle s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hóóxohóeniihi' • adv in return, in response, in exchange • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóóxonó'oo • particle across the river, on the other side of the 

river • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

Hóóxonó'oo • placename ['across the river'] Riverton, WY • 


hóoxóubee- • vai to wear a blanket, cover oneself with a blanket • 

Source(s):C&M 

hooxooheti- • vai to laugh to oneself • Source(s):C&M 

hóóxub- • vta to threaten s.o. 3:3' changed honooxuwoot • 


hooxuwuh- • vta 1) to order s.o., give s.o. an order 2) to establish 

a rule or restriction for s.o. to follow 3) to sentence s.o., as in a 

court • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

hooxuwutii- • vai to establish rules about something • 

Source(s):C&M 

hooxuwuunén • na a person who is an official representative of 

the law, such as a judge, lawyer or congressperson pl 

hooxuwuunennó' • Source(s):DCAU 

hooxuwuut • ni 1) law 2) rule 3) regulation • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

hóóxuwuutéé' • vii there is a rule (about something), a rule has 

been made about something • Source(s):C&M 

hooxuu- • vai to cross something • Source(s):C&M 

hooxuucenoo'óó- • vai to jump across • Source(s):DCAU 

hóóxuucihiit • ni 1) girth, a band that holds a saddle on a horse 2) 

cinch pl hóóxuucihiitono • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

hóóxuuku • ni bellyband, saddle girth • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

hooxuusee- • vai to walk across • Source(s):LJC 

hooxuu3iiw • ni bridge pl hooxuu3iiwono • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU 

hóóxuu'óót- • vai to jump over s.t., jump across s.t. • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóóyei • pv most • Source(s):C&M 

hóóyei • particle most • Source(s):DCAU 

hóóyeiniihi' • adv all the way to a place • Source(s):C&M 

hooyeinoosoo- • vii (rain) to be drizzling • Source(s):Cowell ms 

hooyéi'on- • vta to circle or corral s.o. (e.g. a horse) • 

Source(s):C&M 

hoo'éicii3ihcehi- • vai to run in to a place as a group, to enter 

rapidly as a group • Source(s):C&M 

hóo'éihi- • vai to collect, gather something • Source(s):LJC 

hoo'eikóni' • vii (a group or tribe) is assembled • Source(s):C&M 

hoo'éikóóhu- • vai to assemble together, run together • 

Source(s):C&M 

hóo'éin- • vti to collect s.t., gather s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'einéihi- • vai to be together, assembled 

hoo'einóuw • ni supply of jerky • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'einoxun- • vta to rake s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'einoxun- • vti to rake s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'einoxuyóó • ni rake • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'eiséé- • vai to gather, come together, have a meeting 3 pl. 

30 

changed honoo'eiséé3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'eisó'ei- • vai to round up livestock • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'eisó'oeet • ni roundup • Source(s):DCAU 

hoo'éisó'onéihi- • vai to be rounded up • Source(s):C&M 

hoo'éixotii- • vai to gather something • Source(s):C&M 

hóó'etii • ni corn, scientific name Zea mays pl hóó'etii Note: 

Refers to the plant, not to corn as food. • Source(s):DCAU, 

JAC 2005 

hoo'oonéihi- • vai to be rough • Source(s):DCAU 

huut • particle here • Source(s):DCAU 

huu3e' • particle there, over there • Source(s):DCAU 

huutino • particle here, around here • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

huutóuuk • particle sure enough, just like you'd expect • 

Source(s):C&M 

K 

kóe'sóhoe- • vai to clap • Source(s):DCAU 

kóhei- • vai to rise, get up (from a sitting position) • 


kohei'i- • vai get up or stand up (from a sitting or lying position), 

arise • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

kohei'isihcehi- • vai to jump up from a sitting or lying position • 

Source(s):C&M 

kohe'éihi- • vai to be cracked 3 changed koohe'éiht • 


kohké3ee- • vii to be flaming up • Source(s):C&M 

kóhkohéi- • vai to sting, e.g. an insect • Source(s):Cowell ms 

kóhkutii- • vai 1) to complete a task 2) to complete a ceremony • 

Source(s):C&M 

kóhkutoo- • vai to accomplish one's goal • Source(s):C&M 

koho'- • pv half • Source(s):DCAU 

koho'eikuu3- • vta to cut off s.o's head • Source(s):C&M 

koho'éé' • vii to be cracked, esp. cracked in half 3 changed 

kooho'éé' • Source(s):LJC 

kóho'ok • na bee, wasp, yellowjacket, hornet pl kohóh'okuu obv. 

sg. kohóh'okuu obv. pl. kohóh'okuu • Source(s):DCAU 

koho'okuunokoy • ni ['bee structure'] beehive • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

koho'owooó • na ball pl koho'owóono' obv. sg. koho'owóon • 


koho'ówu' • ni 1) gully, ditch, ravine, gulch 2) small stream pl 

koho'ówu'u • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

koho'ookutó • ni hominy • Source(s):DCAU 

kóho'uuh- • vta to inspect s.o. carefully • Source(s):C&M 

koho'wuuni' • vii there is a gully, ditch or small stream there • 

Source(s):C&M 

kóhooxoénoo'ooni- • vii (a fire) is burning • Source(s):C&M 

kohóóxoénoo'óó' • vii (a fire) is burning • Source(s):C&M 

kohóóxoe' • vii there is a fire • Source(s):C&M 

kóhtobéihi- • vai to be funny, strange, unusual • Source(s):C&M 

kóhtobee- • vai 1) to be harmed, hurt or injured 2) to have 

something wrong • Source(s):C&M 

kóhtowee- • vai to do something mischievous or harmful • 

Source(s):C&M 

kóhtowucénee • na ['funny-acting grouse'] pheasant • 


kóhtowuh- • vta to do s.o. harm, do something mischievous or 

harmful to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

kóhtowu3ecóó- • vai to think that something is amiss, feel strange 

about something • Source(s):C&M 

kóhtowuuni' • vii there is something amiss, untoward •

Source(s):C&M, Cowell p.c. 

kohyeibi3oó • ni postage stamp • Source(s):DCAU 

kohyé'eek • ni oatmeal • Source(s):DCAU 

kohyóhoé • ni glue, paste • Source(s):DCAU 

koh'én- • vti to divide s.t., split s.t. 3:3' changed kooh'éno' • 


koh'e3eih- • vta to strike someone and cause them or part of them 

to break or crack • Source(s):C&M 

koh'óh- • vta to split s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

kóh'oti- • vii to be cracked 3 changed kóóh'oti' • Source(s):DCAU 

koh'ówuunén • na ['creek person'] Kiowa Indian • Source(s):C&M 

kóh'owuuni' • vii there is a gully, ditch, small stream there • 

Source(s):C&M 

koh'ówuutéén • ni the Kiowa tribe • Source(s):C&M 

koh'unoo'oo- • vii to be cracked, split open • Source(s):C&M 

koh'uwuno' • ni hawthorn, scientific name Crataegus spp. • 


koh'uusiii' • particle at midday, around noontime • 


koh'uusiini- • vii to be midday, noon 3 changed kooh'uusiini', 

konoh'uusiini' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

kokiy • ni 1) tube 2) whistle (traditional type) 3) gun, rifle pl 

kokuyono • Source(s):Hayden 1862, DCAU, LJC 

kokóh'eeneb- • vta to think of s.o. 3:3' changed kookóh'eenówoot 


kokóh'eenéét- • vti to think about s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

kokoh'óuutiin- • vai to discuss • Source(s):DCAU 

kokónoo'obéihi- • vai to be earnest • Source(s):DCAU 

kokóubéi • ni awl pl kokóubéiho • Source(s):DCAU 

kokóuh'utii- • vai to examine something carefully • 

Source(s):C&M, ZS 

kokoun- • pv thin, narrow 

kokóuniisóó- • vii to be thin (e.g. paper) • Source(s):DCAU 

kokóunówo' • na trout • Source(s):DCAU 

kokoyóó- • vii to be square 3 changed kookoyóó' • 


kokóóhowóó- • vai to possess and/or wear a warbonnet • 

Source(s):C&M 

kokóóhowóót • ni warbonnet with a trailer pl kokóóhowóótno • 


kokóon- • pv on the side, beside • Source(s):C&M 

kókoo'un- • vta to be beside s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

kókuteenéihi- • vai to be spotted, have spots • Listen: 

kóókuteenéiht (WiC) , konóókokuteenéiht (WiC) • 


kokuyono • ni elderberries, scientific name Sambucus coerulea, 

possibly Sambucus microbotrys • Source(s):JAC 2005 

kokuyonó3 • ni shell of a bullet • Source(s):DCAU 

kokuyoono3oot • ni 1) powder horn 2) bullet pouch • 

Source(s):Cowell ms, Cowell p.c. 

kon- • proclitic for no reason, for just any reason • 

Source(s):C&M 

kónee- • vai to dream • Source(s):DCAU 

kóni'óhoee • ni chisel pl kóni'óhoeno • Source(s):DCAU 

kóni'oosóó- • vii to be sprinkling, raining lightly 3 changed 

kóóni'oosóó' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

kóni'oosóóti' • vii (rain) is sprinkling 3 changed kóóni'oosóóti' • 


konóh- • pv all • Source(s):C&M 

konoho'u3oó • ni powder • Source(s):DCAU 

kónohuxóh- • vta to singe s.o. (anim. obj.), as in feathers • 

31 


kónohuuhu' • adv 1) all, everything 2) most, majority • Listen: 

kónohuuhu' (WaC) • Source(s):LJC 

konóhxuu • particle anyhow, anyway, despite warnings • 

Source(s):C&M 

kono'óé- • vii to be loose, as in clothing • Source(s):DCAU 

kos • particle no Note: Archaic. Used by women. • 


koseinóóni- • vii to click • Source(s):DCAU 

kósoo • ni scrotum • Source(s):DCAU 

ko3- • vta to miss s.o., as in shooting at an animate target • 

Source(s):C&M 

ko3éi- • pv old, from long ago Note: Used for inanimate objects, 

not to describe the age of persons or animals. • 


ko3éiniihi' • adv of an old type, ancient • Source(s):C&M 

ko3eiyóó- • vii to be old • Source(s):DCAU 

ko3en- • vta 1) to miss s.o. when trying to meet 2) miss s.o. when 

trying to grasp, catch, or hit • Source(s):DCAU, LJCphilological 

kotee- • vii 1) (a large conflagration) to give off smoke, to burn 2) 

there is a brush fire 3 changed kootee' • Source(s):Cowell ms, 

LJC 

kotóhuu- • vii to be beaded • Source(s):C&M 

kotóus- • vai 1) to be left behind, as when in hiding 2) to hide, get 

under cover 3 changed kootóusi' • Source(s):C&M, C&M 

kotousine- • vai to hide • Source(s):DCAU 

kotoyóh- • vti to cover s.t. 3:3' changed kootoyóho' • 


koto'oheibéi • ni a very fine needle • Source(s):DCAU 

kóuhuyé'einóu'u • ni (pl.) curlycup gumweed, scientific name 

Grindelia squarrosa • Source(s):JAC 2005 

kóuhuyóó- • vii to be sticky • Source(s):DCAU 

kóuhuyóó' • ni ['it is sticky'] 1) Indian paintbrush, scientific name 

Castilleja spp. 2) honey • Source(s):JAC 2005, DCAU 

kousén- • vti to spill s.t. (liquid, dirt, sand) • Source(s):DCAU 

kóuskuu3éihi- • vai to be spilled out of something • 

Source(s):C&M 

kouskuutii- • vai 1) to pour something 2) to spill something • 

Source(s):ZS, LJC 

kóu3- • pv a long time, take a long time to do something • 

Source(s):C&M 

kou3héyei- • vai to spit • Source(s):DCAU 

kou3iihi' • particle after a little while, a little while later • 

Source(s):C&M 

kou3iihi' • particle for a long time, after a long time • 

Source(s):C&M 

kóuten- • vta 1) to divorce s.o. 2) to get rid of s.o. • 


kouteso'owoot • ni fly brush (made from the tail of a buffalo) • 


kóutohséinohwóót • ni round dance • Source(s):DCAU 

koutonéihi- • vai 1) to be late 2) to take a long time to do 

something • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

kouwkoohu- • vai to work up a sweat • Source(s):DCAU 

kouwkoohuh- • vta to cause s.o. to work up a sweat • 

Source(s):LJC 

kouwo'óó- • vai to perspire, sweat • Source(s):DCAU 

kouwo'óónoo- • vii to sweat • Source(s):DCAU 

kóuwo'oot • ni perspiration, sweat • Source(s):DCAU 

kóuwo'oot • ni sweat • Source(s):DCAU

Kóuwoo'óé' • placename ['it is a place with sweaty brush'] 

Nowood, WY • Source(s):C&M 

kou'ci3- • vta to scratch s.o. • Listen: nihkóu'ci3oot (WiC) , 

konookóu'ci3eti3i' (WiC) • Source(s):C&M 

kouun • particle just, only • Source(s):DCAU 

koxceii- • vai to be fat 3 changed kooxceiit • Source(s):DCAU 

koxhóotéé- • vii to be split off or cut away from • Source(s):C&M 

koxku3ééyei- • vai to rekindle a fire • Source(s):DCAU 

koxoééyooó • ni wire cutter • Source(s):DCAU 

kóxoh- • vta to dig for s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

koxóhei- • vai to dig for something, esp. roots • 

Source(s):ALKms, C&M 

koxouhtiit • ni handgame • Source(s):DCAU 

koxóx- • vti to cut s.t. off, procure by cutting • Source(s):C&M 

kóxo'kóóhu- • vai to run slowly • Source(s):DCAU 

kóxo'oo3oo- • vii to be slow 3 changed kooxo'oo3óó' • 


kóxo'ootéihi- • vai to be slow • Source(s):DCAU 

kóxo'tóése- • vii ['slow wind'] to be breezy 3 changed kooxo'toese' 


kóxo'usee- • vai to walk slowly 3 changed kooxo'useet • 


koxo'uten- • vti to slowly take something Note: The imperative 

koxo'utenoo is used idiomatically to mean "take it easy." • 

Source(s):LJC 

kóxo'uuhu' • adv slowly • Source(s):C&M 

Kóx3i' • placename ['over the ridges'] town of Lander, WY • 

Source(s):LJC 

kox3iihi' • adv over the top of a hill or mountain, on the other side 

of a hill or mountain • Source(s):C&M 

koxtisee- • vai to walk over a hill to the other side • 


kóxtouute' • ni a location on the other side of a hill or mountain • 


koxukóh- • vta 1) to pierce, stab s.o. 2) to vaccinate s.o., give s.o. 

an injection 3:3' changed kóóxukóheet • Source(s):DCAU 

koxukóh- • vti to pierce s.t., stab s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

koxukohu- • vai to get a vaccination, get an injection • 


koxukoo'ohóe • ni poker (tool) • Source(s):DCAU 

koxunoo'oo- • vii to be cracked or broken suddenly • 

Source(s):C&M 

koxu3cenoo'óó- • vai to jump over • Source(s):DCAU 

koxu3inee- • vai (a baby's umbilical cord) to fall off • Listen: 

kooxu3ineet (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

kóxu3i' • particle over a hill, over a ridge • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU 

kóxuu- • pv another, alternative, different • Source(s):C&M 

kóxuunenitee • na person from a different or foreign place, non- 

Arapaho • Source(s):C&M 

kóxuuniihi' • adv 1) something else, a different one 2) somewhere 

else • Source(s):C&M 

koxuuten- • pv 1) suddenly 2) surprisingly • Source(s):C&M 

koxuute' • particle 1) suddenly 2) unexpectedly 3) sometimes • 

Source(s):C&M 

koyein- • vta to take s.o. off, pull s.o. out • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

koyein- • vti to take s.t. off, pull s.t. out • Source(s):DCAU 

koyih'ohu- • vai 1) to fly away 2) to escape by flying • 

Source(s):C&M 

koyih'ohukóóhu- • vai to fly away and escape rapidly • 

Source(s):C&M 

32 

koyikuutii- • vai to pull something out of someplace, free 


koyootéé • na belt pl koyóótoohó' • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'éi- • pv round, circular • Source(s):C&M 

ko'einohowoot • ni Circle Dance • Source(s):ALKms 

ko'einoxóeyóo • ni corral pl ko'einoxóeyóonó • Source(s):DCAU 

kó'einoxtééni' • vii there is a circular meadow in the forest • 

Source(s):C&M 

ko'einó'ohtóó • na tire pl ko'eino'ohtóóno' • Listen: ko'einó'ohtóó 


ko'einóó- • vii to be circular, round 3 changed koo'einóó' • 


ko'einoohtóó • na 1) wheel 2) tire pl ko'einoohtóóno' • 


ko'einootii- • vai to camp in a circle • Source(s):C&M 

ko'éin3i'óku- • vai to sit in a circle • Source(s):C&M 

ko'éisee- • vai to turn around (while walking) • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'éitónoti' • vii there is a round hole • Source(s):C&M 

ko'eiyóó • ni 1) rawhide 2) moccasin sole • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell ms 

ko'étee- • vii to pop, make a popping sound • Listen: ko'étee' (LD) 

• Source(s):ZS, C&M 

kó'neebi'eistiit • ni razor • Source(s):DCAU 

kó'neebi'iis- • vta to shave s.o. 3:3' changed kóó'neebi'iisóót • 


kó'neebi'iistii- • vai to shave • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'oe- • vti to tear s.t. out (e.g. a check from a checkbook) • 

Source(s):LJC 

ko'óe3einee- • vai to have been cut open, be lying cut open • 

Source(s):C&M 

ko'óe3ikuu3- • vta to cut s.o. open • Source(s):C&M 

ko'óéyoó • ni petrolium jelly, Vaseline • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'óh- • vti to remove s.t. from something else • Source(s):C&M 

ko'ohuu • ni pulse • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'ohuu- • vai to pulse, throb • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'ohuuni- • vii to throb, pulsate • Source(s):LJC 

ko'ós- • vai to hit something by accident, fall into or onto 

something 3 changed ko'ósi' • Source(s):C&M, C&M 

ko'ósib- • vta to throw s.o. against something • Source(s):C&M 

ko'osóh- • vti to mow s.t. (e.g. a field) • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'osóhei- • vai to mow (e.g. a field) • Source(s):DCAU 

kó'osohóe • ni scythe, sickle pl kó'osohóeno • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'ounin- • vta to pluck s.o. (anim. obj.) 3:3' changed 

kou'ouniinoot • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'óx- • vti to cut s.t. with a knife or scissors • Source(s):C&M, 

LJC 

ko'ookuteen- • vta to pull out s.o.'s tooth • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'ookuunen- • vta to pluck out s.o.'s feathers • Source(s):C&M 

ko'óóneen- • vta to pull s.o. off • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'oot- • vti to bite s.t., take a bite of s.t. • Source(s):LJC 

ko'óó3onii- • vai to be ready to strike, e.g. a snake • 

Source(s):Cowell ms, ZS 

kó'ootéihi- • vai to be generous • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'un- • vti to pull s.t. out, pluck s.t. out • Source(s):C&M 

ko'un- • vti to pluck s.t., pull s.t. off Note: Can be used for picking 

fruit, though cf. ko'u(u)yei- 'pick berries'. • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'un- • vti to pick s.t. (e.g. a flower) • Source(s):DCAU 

kó'unbiisétneeyoo • ni tweezers • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'usé' • vii 1) it lies a certain way 2) it flows a certain way • 

Source(s):C&M 

ko'uxónoo • ni scissors, shears pl ko'uxónoono •


ko'uyei- • vai to pick berries • Source(s):LJC, DCAU 

ko'yeiyóó • ni frying pan, skillet • Source(s):DCAU 

ko'youhu- • vai to cook or boil something for oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

koo- • proclitic indicates a yes/no question • Source(s):C&M 

kóóhob- • vti to boil s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

koohoyéit • na salamander, water dog pl koohoyéi3i' obv. sg. 

koohoyeini3 • Source(s):DCAU 

kookéé'eit • na Flathead pl kookéé'ei3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

kookóh'u3ecóó- • vai to think • Source(s):DCAU 

kookón • particle 1) for no reason, without a clear reason, just for 

any reason 2) just anything • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

kookónkuu3- • vta to shake s.o. 3:3' changed konookónkuu3oot • 


kookonkuutii- • vai to shake something • Source(s):DCAU 

kookousiisiiyei • na bullsnake, gopher snake • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

kookóu'unéihii • particle special address form used in prayers, 

'please, please let it be' • Source(s):C&M 

kookoxuuténin • particle suddenly • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

kookoyóó' • ni square • Source(s):DCAU 

kóóko'óuhu- • vai to examine s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

kookóós- • pv modal preverb, hope, want, 'I wish that...' • 


kookóósoonéihii • na ['thin legged one'] 1) heron, egret 2) also 

perhaps curlew, slough bird, rail or other birds with long, thin 

legs • Source(s):Cowell ms 

kóokóosóóneet • na ['it has thin legs'] ?mountain plover • 


kookóóxee • na woodpecker • Source(s):Cowell ms 

kookuteenéiht • na ['it is spotted'] pinto • Source(s):DCAU 

kookuteeyóó- • vii 1) to be spotted 2) to be polka dotted • 


kookuyón • particle for no reason, without care or discernment • 


koonén- • vti to open s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

kooneniii- • vai to tan (a hide) • Source(s):DCAU 

kóónee- • vai to beg for something, beseech someone for 


kóónee'éébi- • vai to ask for something seriously, in the proper 

manner • Source(s):C&M 

kooniitee- • vii (a hide) is tanned 3 changed konooniitee' • 


kóoniiteeni- • vii it can be opened, it opens • Source(s):C&M 

kooniiteetee- • vii (a door) to be opened • Source(s):C&M 

koonkuu3ei- • vai to open something quickly • Source(s):C&M 

koonoti- • vii to be open 3 changed konoonoti' • Source(s):DCAU 

koonóutoséii' • ni Ethete (placename) • Source(s):DCAU 

koonóyeisiihi' • adv having to do with shelter or an animal's den 

or lodge • Source(s):C&M 

koonooku- • vai to open one's eye(s) • Source(s):C&M 

koonookuhcehi- • vai to open one's eyes quickly • Source(s):C&M 

koonoonooxobe' • na a large toad (unidentified type) • 


kóónootoo'hóe • ni key pl kóónootoo'hóeno • Source(s):DCAU 

koonóóyo'un- • vta to uncover s.o. (e.g. take blankets off) • 


kóóntoo- • vai to rub oneself ceremonially after smudging • 

Source(s):C&M 

koon'oeht • ni wrinkle pl koon'oehtno • Source(s):LJC 

33 

koos- • proclitic 'I wish that ...' • Source(s):C&M 

kóótee- • vii to boil 3 changed konootee' • Listen: konóótee' (LD) 


kootéé- • vii to be smoky 3 changed konootéé' • Source(s):DCAU 

kóotéébinoo3- • vta to curse s.o., swear at s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

koox- • proclitic again Note: Implies suddenness, unexpectedness, 

emphasis. • Source(s):C&M 

kooxcéii- • vai to be fat • Source(s):DCAU 

kooxceiit • na a fat person or animal • Source(s):DCAU 

kooxcééyoti' • ni fat • Source(s):DCAU 

kóóxooteinihó'noox • ni hoe, garden hoe • Source(s):DCAU 

kooxootéé' • ni street • Source(s):DCAU 

kooxuuhu' • particle in the brush 

koo'einkóehit • na poplar pl koo'einkoehi3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

kóó'einóó' • ni ['it is round'] circle • Source(s):DCAU 

koo'eiyóó • ni rawhide (of a buffalo, horse, cow) pl koo'eiyóóno • 


kóó'oe- • pv slowly, carefully, in due time • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

kóó'oetoo- • vai to do something slowly • Source(s):LJC 

koo'óh • na coyote pl koo'óhwuu obv. sg. koo'óhwuu obv. pl. 

koo'óhwuu Note: Coyote figures prominently in Arapaho 

legends as a helper figure or nemesis to Nih'oo3oo, not as a 

trickster figure as he is in many other cultures. • 


koo'óhwuusóó • na coyote puppy • Source(s):C&M 

koo'óuu3oo- • vii to be dusty 3 changed konoo'ouu3oo' • 

Source(s):Cowell ms, LJC 

koo'óuute- • vii to be dusty • Source(s):LJC 

koo'ówootéihi- • vai to be fussy 3 changed konoo'ówootéiht • 


koo'óó- • vii to swell • Source(s):DCAU 

kóó'ookuhcehi- • vai to wink • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

kóó'ookuhcehiiton- • vta to wink at s.o. 3:3' changed 

konoo'ookuhcehiitonoot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

kuhnee- • vai to be chased • Source(s):C&M 

N 

-n • suffix obviative, na 

ne- • prefix 1 possessive pronominal prefix 

neb • na fish pl nowo' Note: Archaic. • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nebésiibéhe' • na-dep 1) my grandfather 2) my ceremonial sponsor 

obv. sg. nebésiiwóho' 3 poss. hibésiiwóho' • Listen: 

nebésiibéhe' (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nébi • na-dep (my) older sister pl nebihó' 3 poss. hi-bio • Listen: 

nébi (ZM) , nébi (MU) • Source(s):DCAU 

nebihcehi- • vai to make as if to jump • Source(s):C&M 

nebii'ó'oo • na-dep my sweetheart, my girlfriend, my boyfriend pl 

nebii'ó'oono' 3 poss. hibii'ó'oon • Source(s):DCAU 

nébkuuhu- • vai to have been touched after first having had a 

touching motion made four times, as in ceremonial blessing or 

painting • Source(s):C&M 

nébkuutii • vai to touch something after first having made a 

touching motion four times, as in ceremonial blessing or 

painting • Source(s):C&M 

nec • ni water loc. néci' • Listen: nec (AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

néc ceenise' • ni ['water falls'] waterfall • Source(s):DCAU 

necénoo'oo- • vai to die suddenly, be struck dead • 

Source(s):C&M 

nécesi3ecoot • ni jealousy • Source(s):DCAU 

necikou'óó- • vii to wilt 3 changed neecikou'óó' • 

Source(s):DCAU

néciibéiko' • ni water snake grass • Source(s):JAC 2005 

neciini- • vii 1) to be wet 2) there is water 3 changed neeciini' • 


neciini- • vai to be wet • Source(s):DCAU 

neciinookóónotii- • vai to moisten something, put water on 

something • Source(s):DCAU 

neh- • pv directional, away from the speaker and towards 

addressee, from here to there • Source(s):C&M 

neh- • pv emphatic imperative, "you had better (do something)" • 

Source(s):C&M 

nehéi • na-dep my aunt 3 poss. hihéo • Listen: nehéi (WiC) , nehéi 

(MU) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nehéihe • na-dep my mother in law • Source(s):DCAU 

néhe' • particle this, animate demonstrative • Source(s):DCAU 

néhe'eenóh • particle this one • Source(s):DCAU 

nehéé3ei- • vai to undress • Source(s):DCAU 

nehéé3ein- • vta to undress s.o. 3:3' changed neehéé3einóót • 


nehinee • particle that's enough! • Source(s):C&M 

nehtiih- • vta to recognize s.o., know who s.o. is 3:3' changed 

neehtiihoot • Source(s):DCAU 

néhtiihetiit • ni recognition, recognizing one another • 

Source(s):C&M 

néhtiihi- • vii to be known, recognized, familiar • Source(s):C&M 

néhtiitii- • vai to recognize something • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

néhtonéihi- • vai to be tricky, deceitful • Source(s):C&M 

néhtonih- • vta to deceive s.o., cheat s.o. 3:3' changed 

nééhtonihoot • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

néhtonitoo- • vai to act in a tricky or deceitful manner, do 

something tricky or deceitful • Source(s):C&M 

néhtowóót- • vti to recognize the sound of s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

nehyóhoniihi' • adv concerning inspection, concerning checking 

up on something • Source(s):C&M 

néhyon- • vai to inspect something, check something out • 

Source(s):C&M 

néhyonihee- • vai to be checked up on • Source(s):C&M 

néhyonóóhob- • vta to inspect s.o., check up on s.o. visually • 

Source(s):C&M 

nehyóntii- • vai to check something, check up on something • 

Source(s):C&M, Cowell p.c. 

nehyóntii- • vai to inspect something, check up on something • 

Source(s):C&M 

néh'- • vta to kill s.o. 3:3' changed nooh'oot • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

neh'éihii • na 1) killer 2) murderer • Source(s):DCAU 

neh'einiisi' • ni ['slaughter day'] Friday • Source(s):LJC 

neh'eti- • vai to commit suicide • Source(s):DCAU 

neh'i- • vai to be three in number • Source(s):C&M 

nei- • prefix 1st person pronominal verbal prefix, irrealis 

conjugation 

néibi'ini- • vii to be (habitually) attached to something or 

someplace • Source(s):C&M 

néic • ni arrow • Source(s):C&M 

neih- • vta to scare s.o., frighten s.o. 3:3' changed néneihoot • 


néihoow- • pv negation (irrealis future, future imperative) • 

Source(s):C&M 

neih'e • na-dep (my) son pl. (1 poss.)g neih'ohó' 3 poss. hiih'o • 

Listen: néih'e (WaC) , néih'e (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

néih'kuu3- • vta to kill s.o. quickly and violently • Source(s):C&M 

néini'éi- • vai to be dizzy • Source(s):DCAU 

34 

neini'einoohowuu- • vai to be dazzled, confused • Source(s):LJC 

neini'einoo'óó- • vai to be nauseous • Source(s):DCAU 

néinoo • na-dep (my) mother, (my) aunt (mother's sister) 3 poss. 

hiinóón voc. no'óó • Listen: néinoo (MU) • Source(s):DCAU 

neinoo'óó- • vai to be scared • Source(s):DCAU 

neisie • na-dep (my) grandchild, grandson, granddaughter voc. 

neisii • Listen: neisie (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

neisónoo • na-dep my father, my uncle voc. neixóó • Listen: 

neisónoo (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nei3ébi • na-dep (my) sibling in law of the opposite sex, (my) 

brother in law (woman speaking), (my) sister in law (man 

speaking) • Listen: nei3ébi (ZM) , nei3ébi (MU) • 


néito'éi • na-dep my kin, my relation, my relative pl néito'éino' • 


nei'- • pv closely, tightly • Source(s):C&M 

nei'béhe' • na-dep (my) grandmother 3 poss. hiniiwóho' • Listen: 

nei'béhe' (MU) • Source(s):DCAU 

néi'be'éici3- • vta to hold on tightly to a horse's reins • 

Source(s):C&M 

néi'biihi' • adv holding on in a tight manner • Source(s):C&M 

nei'hónonih- • vta 1) to hold s.o. tight or close to oneself 

(figuratively) 2) to cherish or respect s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

néi'in- • vta to hold s.o. tightly • Source(s):C&M 

néi'inii3oon- • vta to accompany s.o. closely on a trip or errand • 

Source(s):C&M 

nei'iitehéibi- • vai to cling to something tightly, as if stuck to it • 

Source(s):C&M 

néi'iitiibi- • vai to hold on to something tightly • Source(s):C&M 

nei'óku- • vai to sit tight, sit still • Source(s):C&M 

nei'óóhob- • vta to look at s.o. 3:3' changed nenei'oohówoot • 


nei'oohóót- • vti to look at s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

néi'oonoyóóhob- • vta to watch over s.o. closely, guard s.o. 

closely • Source(s):C&M 

néii • ni sand • Listen: néii (LD) • Source(s):LJC 

Néiiniicié • placename Sand Creek • Listen: Néiiniicié (LD) • 

Source(s):LJC 

nénebeeniihi' • adv regarding restrictions, taboo • Source(s):C&M 

Nenebinén • na ['northern man'] term for Northern Arapaho 

identified by Kroeber pl Nenebinéno' • Source(s):TA 

nenebiihi' • adv north, in the north • Source(s):DCAU, C&M (PM 

stories text) 

nénebiihi' né'iii • na goose, Canada goose • Source(s):DCAU 

nénesnouusee- • vai to pretend to go outside • Source(s):C&M 

nenéé- • vii it is it, that is it • Source(s):C&M 

nenéénin • pronoun you, second person sg. pronoun • 


nenééninoo • pronoun I, first person sg. pronoun • 


nenéénit • pronoun he, she, third person pronoun • 


neneeni3i' • pronoun they, third person plural pronoun • 

Source(s):LJC 

neneesnéniinoo' • ni trinity • Source(s):DCAU 

neneesó'ohtéénoo • ni tripod • Source(s):DCAU 

neneesootoxei'i • ni buffalo robe with eight lines of ornamentation 

• Source(s):TA 

neneesoo'ouht • ni buffalo robe with twenty lines of 

ornamentation • Source(s):TA 

nenee' • pronoun it, third sg. inan. pronoun • Source(s):DCAU

nenih- • pv 1) leave something alone, let something be 2) forget 

about something • Source(s):C&M 

néniniixoeh- • vta to shake s.o.'s hand • Source(s):C&M 

néniniixóuhu- • vai to shake hands with people • Source(s):C&M 

néniniixoo3- • vta to shake s.o.'s hand • Source(s):C&M 

neniibiicóoonéét • na keeper of the Flat Pipe • Source(s):DCAU 

neniicisoxu'oo' • ni ['hollow root'] a medicinal root, possibly bitter 

root, scientific name Lewisia rediviva • Source(s):JAC 2005 

neniiheii • na-dep my parents pl neniiheii • Source(s):DCAU 

neniiniihi' • adv close by • Source(s):C&M 

neniisib- • vta to urge s.o. 3:3' changed neeniisiwoot • 


neniisi3é'einoo' • ni gilia, a dicot perennial herb, scientific name 

Ipomopsis congesta • Source(s):JAC 2005 

neniisóó • na-dep (my) child • Listen: neniisóó (MU) • 


neniisootoxu3i' heneeceeno' • na ['seven buffalo bulls'] Pleiades • 


nénii3é- • vii to be just right, exactly on target • Source(s):LJC 

nenii3iiyéi'it • na keeper • Source(s):DCAU 

neniiteine3éneet • na sow (female pig) • Source(s):DCAU 

neniitówun • pc first of all • Source(s):DCAU 

nenkouté- • vii to be marshy 3 changed neenkouté' • 


nenowó3o' • na north star pl nenowó3o'uu obv. sg. nenowó3o'uu 

obv. pl. nenowó3o'uu • Source(s):DCAU 

nenseinetineenówo' • na sucker (fish) • Source(s):DCAU 

nentóuhu- • vai to be a liar 3 changed neentóuht • 


nentoonób- • vta to lie to s.o. 3:3' changed neentoonówoot • 


nentooyéi- • vai to lie, tell a falsehood • Source(s):DCAU 

neséihi- • vai 1) to be wild 2) to be in union with nature 3 changed 

neeséiht • Listen: neeséiht (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

néseihiiniine'étii- • vai 1) to live in the wild, live with or in contact 

with nature 2) to live as lived prior to reservation days • 

Source(s):C&M 

neséihiinóó- • vii to be wild (in a pejorative sense), crazy • 

Source(s):C&M 

neséinoox • na chicken hawk, scientific name Accipiter spp. pl 

neséinooxuu • Listen: neséinoox (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell p.c. 

néseinóóx • na wild horse • Source(s):LJC 

nési • na-dep uncle, mother's brother pl nésihó' 3 poss. hisio • 

Listen: nési (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nesi3ee • na-dep my father in law • Source(s):DCAU 

nesooku- • vai to see well, have good eyesight 3 changed 

neesookut • Source(s):DCAU 

néstouhu- • vai to be careful • Source(s):C&M 

nestóukuhu- • vii to be left behind tied to something • 

Source(s):C&M 

néstoob- • vta to warn s.o. • Source(s):C&M, DCAU 

néstoobéé- • vai to have been warned • Source(s):C&M 

néstoobee'i- • vai to warn people about something • 

Source(s):C&M 

néstoonóó- • vii to be dangerous • Source(s):C&M 

néstoonoo3óó- • vii to be very dangerous • Source(s):C&M 

néstoonoo3óó- • vii to be dangerous 3 changed nééstoonoo3óó' • 


néstoonootéihi- • vai to be dangerous 3 changed nééstoonootéiht • 


35 

ne3e'é3e • na-dep (my) nephew pl ne3e'é3oho' 3 poss. hi3e'é3o • 

Listen: ne3e'é3e (MU) • Source(s):DCAU 

ne3é'ex • ni-dep my son in law • Source(s):DCAU 

ne3éé3oo • ni-dep finger (1 poss.) pl ne3éé3oonó 3 poss. hi3éé3oo 


néteséi • na-dep (my) sibling of the opposite sex, (my) brother 

(woman speaking), (my) sister (man speaking) 3 poss. 

hiteséiw • Listen: néteséi (MU) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

netesih'e • na-dep wife 3 poss. hitesih'o • Source(s):DCAU 

néyei- • pv conative, try • Source(s):C&M 

neyeih- • vta to count s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

neyeiséé- • vai to be separated, as in husband and wife • 


neyéisisee- • vai to walk away from one another, separate • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyéisiihi' • adv separating, going opposite ways • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyéiskóóhu- • vai to run away from one another, separate • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyéiskóóhuuhéi- • vai to run away from each other • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyéisxóótiini' • vii people are walking away and leaving • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyei3éi- • vai 1) to count 2) to read 3) to study, go to school, be a 

student • Source(s):DCAU 

neyéi3eibéihii • na teacher pl neyéi3eibeehiiho' • 


neyéi3eibeihiini- • vai to be a teacher • Source(s):DCAU 

neyéi3eibee- • vai to teach • Source(s):DCAU 

neyéi3eih- • vta to teach s.o. 3:3' changed neeyei3éihoot • 


neyei3éihii • na 1) pupil, student 2) reader, literate person pl 

neyéi3eihiiho' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

neyéi3eihiini- • vai to be a student • Source(s):C&M 

neyei3einotii • ni ['school vehicle'] schoolbus • Source(s):DCAU 

neyei3éino'oowu' • ni ['study house'] school loc. 

neyei3éino'oowuu' • Source(s):DCAU 

neyei3ei3éihii • na teacher • Source(s):DCAU 

néyei3ib- • vta to try s.o. out, try and see if s.o. will do something 


néyei3itii- • vai to try to do something • Source(s):DCAU 

néyei3itoo- • vai to try to do something • Source(s):DCAU 

neyéi3iihi' • adv by trying, with effort • Source(s):C&M 

neyéi3oonóotéé' • vii there is a circular camp located there • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyéitii- • vai 1) to go to school 2) to learn 3) to read • 


neyéitii- • vti to read s.t., count s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

néyeito'éi- • vai to ride a bronco, as in a rodeo • Source(s):C&M 

neyéixohowóó- • vai to try to get/bring things back for oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

neyóo • na-dep my brother in law pl neyooono' 3 poss. hiyóón 

Note: Used by men. • Listen: neyóo (MU) , neyóo (LD) • 


neyoooxét • ni 1) twister, tornado, whirlwind, dust devil 2) 

caterpillar Note: check association with Whirlwind Woman • 


neyoooxetiineesé' • ni tornado wind • Source(s):DCAU 

Neyooxetisei • na Whirlwind Woman • Source(s):TA, C&M 

neyoo'uut • ni 1) ornament 2) cosmetics, makeup pl neyoo'uutono 

• Source(s):Cowell ms

ne' • na goose pl né'ii • Listen: ne' (AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

ne'- • pv narrative tense marker meaning then, next, and then • 


ne'- • proclitic that (back reference) • Source(s):C&M 

ne'ehnii3in- • vta to retain s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

ne'ehnii3in- • vti to retain s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

né'eh'éntoo- • vai to remain someplace • Source(s):C&M 

né'ee • vai (imperative) wait! Note: Used by women. • 

Source(s):C&M 

ne'ibinó' • ni (pl.) golden currant berries, scientific name Ribes 

aureum (berry) and possibly other Ribes spp. • Source(s):JAC 

2005 

ne'ibiis • ni golden currant bush, scientific name Ribes aureum 

(bush) and possibly other Ribes spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

ne'isee- • vai (the sun) to set • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

né'iisóó • na gosling, young goose pl né'iisóóno' • 


ne'ii'iihi' • particle then • Source(s):DCAU 

né'niis- • pv that is how (cleft) • Source(s):C&M 

né'niit- • pv that's where (cleft) • Source(s):C&M 

né'nii'- • pv that is when (cleft) • Source(s):C&M 

Nééceini'ec • placename ['chief lake'] Bull Lake, WY • 

Source(s):C&M 

néécee • na chief pl neecééno' obv nééceen • Source(s):DCAU 

nééceeni- • vai to be chief • Source(s):C&M 

nééceeniiinon • ni the chief's tipi • Source(s):C&M 

nééceenóhoó • ni gift pl nééceenóhoono • Source(s):DCAU 

nééceenóhoót • ni a public give-away • Source(s):TA 

nééceenóhoo3- • vta to give s.o. a gift in a traditional ceremony 3 

changed nenééceenóhoo3oot • Source(s):DCAU 

nééceenóu • ni the chief's blanket • Source(s):C&M 

neecéés • na gelding, castrated horse pl neecéésii obv. sg. 

neecéésii obv. pl. neecéésii • Source(s):DCAU 

neecéései • na ['chief woman'] queen pl neecééseino' • 


neecisee- • vai to go on along, move along, proceed • 


neeciih- • vta to lend something to s.o. (for a short period of time) 


neeciihétiit • ni loan • Source(s):DCAU 

nééco'on- • vta to move s.o. along • Source(s):C&M 

nééco'oo- • vta to go on, to go on one's way • Source(s):C&M 

nééhebéhe' • na-dep younger sibling, younger brother or sister 3 

poss. hinoohowoho' • Listen: nééhebéhe' (MU) • 


neehéiso'óó- • vai to be equally fast • Source(s):C&M 

neehéyei- • pv close, near • Source(s):C&M 

neehéyeikóóhu- • vai to approach something running • 

Source(s):C&M 

neehéyeikuutii- • vai to approach something rapidly • 

Source(s):C&M 

neehéyeiniihi' • adv close by 

neeheyéisee- • vai to approach something walking 

neehéyei'- • vti to approach s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

neehéyei'on- • vta to approach s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nééheekuu- • vai to be outstanding 3 changed nenééheekuut • 


neehiicxóóyeihi- • vai to be of the same generation, be the same 

age 3 changed neneehiicxóóyeihi3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

neehiisoo- • vii to be identical, matching, the same 3 changed 

neneehiisóu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

36 

neehii3eihi- • vai 1) to be matching, be matched 2) to be identical, 

the same 3 changed neneehii3eihi3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

neehii3éi' • particle in the center, in the middle • 


neehii3éi'éékuu' • vii it stands in the middle of something • 

Source(s):C&M 

neenéisiihóho • ni weather • Source(s):DCAU 

neenéisiisooó' • ni weather • Source(s):DCAU 

neenéi3xootiini' • ni trail • Source(s):DCAU 

néénéiitó'- • vta to face s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

neeneecéihi- • vai to swing • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

neeneece'óó- • vai to sway • Source(s):DCAU 

neeneecihiit • ni swing • Source(s):DCAU 

neeneeckuu3- • vta to swing s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

neeni- • pv leave it like that, leave it like it is • Source(s):C&M 

nééni- • vai stem for a verb that forms pronouns • Source(s):C&M 

nééni'ih- • vta to treat s.o. well 3:3' changed nééni'ihoot • 


nééni'oub- • vta to shout at s.o. in anger • Source(s):DCAU 

neeniitoo • na old-fashioned Indian doll made of buckskin pl 

neeniitoonó' • Source(s):DCAU 

neenkouté' • ni quicksand • Source(s):DCAU 

néenonih- • vta 1) to continually bother s.o. 2) to continually 

persecute s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

neenouhuutonéihiinóó' • vii a thing has been prepared for 

someone to use • Source(s):C&M 

neenout- • vti to prepare for s.t., get ready for s.t. 3 changed 

neneenoutó' • Source(s):DCAU 

neenóutii- • vai to prepare something • Source(s):DCAU 

néenóu'u- • vai to get ready for something, prepare for something 

• Source(s):ZS 

néenóu'uh- • vta to prepare s.o., get s.o. ready • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

néenóuuton- • vta to be ready for s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

néenóóhob- • vta to keep seeing or looking at s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

néenoohóót- • vti to keep s.t. in sight • Source(s):C&M 

néenóootiini' • vii things have been prepared, are being prepared • 

Source(s):C&M 

neenóóxobei- • vai 1) to bother someone's horses 2) to take 

someone's horses • Source(s):C&M 

nees • na-dep my husband 3 poss. hiix • Source(s):DCAU 

néeséb • na-dep daughter in law (1 poss.) 3 poss. hiisébio voc. 

néésobóó • Listen: néeséb (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

neesébi • na-dep (my) niece pl neesébiho' 3 poss. hiisébio • 

Listen: neesébi (MU) , hiisébio (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

neeséh'e • na-dep older brother, also used to refer to the person 

fulfilling the role of 'older brother' in a ceremony or dance pl 

neesoh'ohó' 3 poss. hiisóhÕo • Listen: neeséh'e (MU) , 

hiisóhÕo (MU) • Source(s):TA, DCAU, LJC 

neeseineeét • na midwife, obstetrician • Source(s):DCAU 

neesééntoo- • vai to stay, remain in a place • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

néesi'owóó- • vii 1) to be the third time 2) it is the third one • 

Source(s):C&M 

néesiiis • ni three days • Source(s):C&M 

néesiinsine- • vai to stay somewhere for three days • 

Source(s):C&M 

néésnenii- • vai to be three in number, to be a group of three Note: 

not used as a simple count verb • Source(s):C&M 

nééso • num three • Source(s):DCAU

neeso nonóóke' • ni ['third morning'] Thursday • 


nééso nonóóke' • ni Wednesday • Source(s):LJC 

neesocówo'oo' • Wednesday • Source(s):LJC 

néésouni- • vii to be forked into three prongs 3 changed 

nenéésouni' • Source(s):DCAU 

néésootósoo' • pc eighty • Source(s):DCAU 

néésootox • num eight • Source(s):LJC 

néésootox béteetósoo' • pc eight hundred • Source(s):DCAU 

néésootoxéneni'i • vii (pl.) to be eight in number • Source(s):C&M 

néésootóxuuni' • pc eighteen • Source(s):DCAU 

néé3ee- • pv that's why (cleft) 

néé3ibii- • vai to undress • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

nee3onéihi- • vai to tarry, stay longer than intended • 


nee3ó'oo- • vai to stay in a particular place • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

neetci3- • vta to tire s.o. out, make s.o. tired • Source(s):DCAU 

neetebi- • vai 1) to get tired of swimming 2) to drown • 

Source(s):LJC 

neetéihi- • vai to be tired • Source(s):DCAU 

néétetóuhu- • vai to sigh • Source(s):DCAU 

neetih'ebi- • vai to pass out (e.g. from drinking) • 


neetikotii- • vai to be tired from walking • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

neetikóóhu- • vai to be tired from running • Source(s):DCAU 

neetinoo'oo- • vai to be tired • Source(s):DCAU 

neetokooyéi- • vai to starve, be starving • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

néétokóóyei- • vai to die of thirst • Source(s):C&M 

neetónoohuu- • vai to be busy • Source(s):DCAU 

néeto3i- • vai to freeze to death, to die from cold 3 changed 

nenéeto3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

neetóu3ecóó- • vai to be homesick, lonely, lonesome, unhappy • 


neetouubéihi- • vai to feel tired • Source(s):DCAU 

néétoxuh'u- • vai to burn to death • Source(s):C&M 

néétoxuuh- • vta to overpower s.o. 3:3' changed nenéétoxuuhoot • 


neetoxuuh- • vta to tire s.o. out, make s.o. tired • Source(s):DCAU 

néétoxuuni- • vai to be tired from working • Source(s):DCAU 

neetó'osibeti- • vai to work or run oneself to exhaustion • 

Source(s):C&M 

néét3oowukóóhu- • vai to die of lack of breath due to running • 

Source(s):C&M 

neeyéic • ni timber • Source(s):DCAU 

neeyéici' • ni forest, woods loc. neeyéicii' • Source(s):DCAU 

nééyeinih'ohu- • vai to fly close by, to approach by flying • 

Source(s):C&M 

neeyéiniihi' • adv close by • Source(s):C&M 

nééyei3- • pv having to do with a camp circle • Source(s):C&M 

neeyéi3einóotii- • vai to camp in a circle • Source(s):C&M 

neeyéi3kó'einiihi' • adv in a close circle, as in a camp • 

Source(s):C&M 

neeyéi3o'óó- • vii 1) there is a circular camp 2) (pl.) (tipis) are set 

up in a circle for camping • Source(s):C&M 

neeyéi3óó' • vii there is a circular camp • Source(s):ALKms, 

C&M 

nee'éi'isi- • vii that is how it ends • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

néé'eec- • pv that is how long • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eecis- • pv that's how far, that's how long (cleft) • 

Source(s):C&M 

37 

néé'ees- • pv that is how, that is what, thus • Source(s):C&M, 

C&M 

néé'eeséé- • vii that is the way it goes • Source(s):C&M 

nee'eesih'- • vta to name s.o., call s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nee'eesih'i- • vai to be named, called • Source(s):DCAU 

néé'eesih'iinóó- • vii that is what it is named • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eesih'iit- • vti that is what they call it • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eesiihi' • adv like that, thusly • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eesiini- • vii that is how it is • Source(s):C&M 

nee'eesóó- • vii it is thus, it is like that, that is how it is 3 changed 

nee'eesóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

néé'eesóóni- • vii that is how it is • Source(s):C&M 

nee'eestoo- • vai to do something like that, do thusly • 

Source(s):C&M 

néé'eet- • pv that is where • Source(s):C&M 

néé'ee3éihi- • vai that is how someone is, that is what someone is 

like • Source(s):C&M 

néé'ee3éi'- • pv to that degree (cleft) • Source(s):C&M 

néé'ee3e'in- • vti to be certain, be sure of s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

néé'ee3e'inonéihiinóó' • vii that is how something is known, that is 

how something is named, called • Source(s):C&M 

néé'ee3óó' • vii that is where something is from, that is how 

something came about • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetéihi- • vai that is where someone is from • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetéébe' • particle in the back (e.g. of a tipi) • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetisee- • vai that is where someone is coming from • 

Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetóu- • vii that is where it is located, where it is at • 

Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetox- • pv that's how many (cleft) • Source(s):C&M 

nee'éétox • particle enough • Source(s):DCAU 

néé'eetoxtóowóóhu- • vai to do something enough, do something 

enough times • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetoxtóowóoti- • vai to do something enough, do something 

enough times • Source(s):C&M 

néé'eetoxunihii- • vai to say enough • Source(s):C&M 

nee'éétoo- • vai that is where someone is located, that is where 

someone is staying • Source(s):C&M 

nih- • pv past tense • Source(s):DCAU 

nihi'- • pv quickly • Source(s):C&M 

nihi'in- • vta to insist that s.o. do something, force s.o. to do 


nihi'kóóhu- • vai ['run swiftly'] 1) to run quickly 2) (a horse) to 

gallop 3 changed niihi'kóóhut • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

nihi'kóóhuuhéi- • vai to ride fast on a horse • Source(s):C&M 

nihi'kóohuunoo'oo- • vai to reel, be suddenly running, as when 

landing from flight • Source(s):C&M 

nihi'nei- • vai to insist on something • Source(s):C&M 

nihi'neenokohu- • vai to sleep soundly • Source(s):ZS 

nihi'néésee- • vai walk quickly • Source(s):LJC 

nihi'nééton- • vta 1) to demand s.t. of s.o. 2) to force s.o. to do 

something, insist that s.o. do something • Source(s):DCAU 

nihii- • vai 1) to say 2) to guess (as in a handgame) • 


nihii • particle hesitation particle, used similarly to English 

"well..." • Source(s):DCAU 

nihiit • ni 1) word 2) saying, phrase pl nihiitono • Listen: nihiitono 

(WiC) • Source(s):DCAU 

nihii3- • vta to tell s.o., say something to s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nihkuutii- • vai to turn something on (e.g. water) • 

Source(s):DCAU

nihóusoo3eihiiho • ni poison ivy • Source(s):DCAU 

nihoonbei'ci3einowo' • na ['yellow/orange metal fish'] goldfish • 


nihóóncebitee • ni ['yellow grease'] butter • Source(s):DCAU 

nihoonéihi- • vai to be yellow 3 changed niihoonéiht • 


nihooninoo'óó- • vii to turn yellow • Source(s):DCAU 

nihoonii'ehihi' • na ['little yellow bird'] any small yellow bird such 

as a yellow warbler or goldfinch • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nihoonnih'éeno' • na ['yellow blackbird'] yellow-headed blackbird 


nihoonó3oyéihii • na ['orange rumped one'] red-tailed hawk • 


nihoono3oyéihii • na red-tailed hawk • Source(s):DCAU 

nihoonotii • ni ['yellow vehicle'] schoolbus pl nihoonotiiwo' • 


nihoonóxu' • ni ['yellow medicine'] a medicinal plant mentioned in 

Kroeber's "The Arapaho" • Source(s):TA 

nihoonóóbe' • ni yellow paint • Source(s):DCAU 

nihóónookuuno' • ni glacier lily, scientific name Erythronium 

grandflorum • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nihooyóó- • vii to be yellow 3 changed niihooyóó' • 


nih'eikuutii- • vai to scatter • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'einowóótiini' • vii something has been split up, something has 

been divided up among people, scattered among people • 

Source(s):C&M 

nih'éiseenóó- • vii to be spread, disseminated 

nih'et- • pv 1) would, would have 2) was supposed to 3) were 

going to Note: used in contrary-to-fact statements and if-then 

clauses • Source(s):C&M 

nih'eenó' • na blackbird pl nih'eenóuu obv. sg. nih'eenóuu obv. pl. 

nih'eenóuu • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'ih'oh- • vta to raise s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nih'ih'oo- • vai to grow up • Source(s):C&M 

nih'inéésee- • vai to walk fast • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'iitciineneet • ni grave • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'otoo'ohóe • ni screw pl nih'otoo'ohóeno • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'oubé'eek • ni ['pepper gravy'] tabasco sauce, hot sauce • 


nih'óunéé- • vai to keep trying something, be persistant • 

Source(s):C&M 

nih'óusoo3eihiiho' • poison ivy, scientific name Toxicodendron 

rydbergii • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nih'óó- • vii to be tight 3 changed niih'óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'oobeesé- • vii to move in the wind • Listen: niih'oobeesé' 


nih'oobeesi- • vai to move in the wind • Listen: niih'oobeesi' 

(WiC) , niih'oobeesinenoo (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

nih'oocéihii • na locust, grasshopper pl nih'ooceihiiho' • 


nih'ooceiin- • vta to pull on s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'ooni- • vai to try hard at something 

nih'oonóuhu- • vai to nurse a baby, breastfeed • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'oo3oucénee • na ['white man's grouse'] pheasant • 


nih'óó3ounéc • ni ['white man water'] liquor, any kind of hard 

alcohol (e.g. whiskey) • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'óó3ounih'ééhi- • vai to be called or named a certain way by 

Whites • Source(s):C&M 

nih'óó3ouniihi' • adv in the way or manner of white people • 

38 

Source(s):C&M 

nih'óó3ounii'éihii • na chicken pl nih'óó3ounii'ehiiho' • 


nih'oo3ouwóx • na ['white man's bear'] pig pl nih'oo3ouwóxuu • 


nih'óó3ouwóxuu • ni bacon • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'óó3ouwoxuunoséino' • ni ['white man bear meat'] pork • 


nih'óó3oo • na 1) spider 2) white man (person), Caucasian 3) a 

trickster figure in Arapaho mythology pl nih'óó3ou'u obv. sg. 

nih'óó3ou'u obv. pl. nih'óó3ou'u • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'oo3ooyóu • ni rag pl nih'oo3eeyóuwo • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'ootéibéihii • na butterfly • Listen: nih'ootéibéihii (WaC) • 


nih'óótoohéé- • vai to be wearing tight pants • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'ootoo'óh- • vti to screw s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'oowkuutii- • vai to twitch, move or flap (e.g. one's ears) • 

Source(s):LJC 

nih'oowóóhu- • vai to do something which requires a great deal of 

effort • Source(s):C&M 

nih'oowóónineekoohu- • vai to wag one's tail • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

nih'oowoonineekuuhu- • vai to wag one's tail • Source(s):DCAU 

nih'oo'óh- • vti to tighten s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nini- • vai (a dog) to howl • Source(s):DCAU 

ninou'oo- • vii to float 3 changed niinou'oo' • Source(s):DCAU 

nio'óótonéé- • vai to put out a fire well, put out a fire completely • 

Source(s):C&M 

niscibes • ni switch, whip pl niscebéxo • Source(s):DCAU 

niscih'ebiit • ni a sweet beverage (e.g. lemonade or pop) • 


niscinec • ni wine (sweet commercial wine) • Source(s):DCAU 

nisciixonóót • ni something sweet to eat • Source(s):DCAU 

nisice • na 1) antelope, pronhorn antelope 2) water strider pl 

nisicoho' obv. sg. nisico • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, Cowell ms 

nisicihininouhu- • vai to wear buckskin • Source(s):C&M 

nisicihininouhuut • ni the act or custom of wearing buckskin 

clothes • Source(s):C&M 

nisickoho'ok • na ['sweet bee'] honeybee • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nisihii- • vai to whistle • Source(s):C&M 

nisihiib- • vta to whistle at s.o. 3:3' changed niisihiiwoot • 


nisihiiniihi' • adv in a whistling manner • Source(s):C&M 

nisih'oo- • vii to be brown • Source(s):DCAU 

nisikoc • ni cake, baked goods, pastry pl nisikocóóno • 


nisikocoonéhe' • ni cookie pl nisikocoonóh'o • Source(s):DCAU 

nisikocóóno • ni (pl.) sweets • Source(s):DCAU 

nisikoh- • vta to whip s.o., switch s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nisikoh- • vti to switch s.t., whip s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nisiscoo- • vii to be sweet • Source(s):DCAU 

nisiyoono3óo • ni pocket pl niseiyoonoo3óóno • Source(s):DCAU 

niskóhei- • vai to whip, switch • Source(s):C&M 

niskohóe • ni switch, whip, quirt pl niskohóeno • 


nisoniciitoot- • vti to inflate s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nisoniciitóó3oó • ni pump • Source(s):DCAU 

nisoniciitoow- • vta to inflate s.o., pump s.o. up (animate object, 

e.g. a tire) • Source(s):DCAU 

nisonóxoh'óe • ni leavening agent such as baking powder or yeast 

• Source(s):DCAU

nisono'óó- • vai to swell 3 changed niisono'óót • Source(s):DCAU 

nisóno'óó- • vii to be swollen, inflated 3 changed niisóno'óó' • 


nisóób- • vta to lick s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nisóót- • vti to lick s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

ni3i'eséi'oo- • vai to recoil (e.g. a snake) • Source(s):DCAU 

nito'éi- • vai to be timid • Source(s):DCAU 

nito'oxówoonoo- • vii to recoil (e.g. a gun) • Source(s):DCAU 

nitootoukuto'óh- • vti to quilt s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'- • pv good, well • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

ni'- • pv potential, able to • Source(s):C&M 

-ni' • suffix 1pl vai realis conjugation 

ni'bóooti- • vii to smell good • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'cóó- • vii to taste good 3 changed nii'cóó' • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

ni'ec • ni lake pl ni'ecii loc. ni'éci' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ni'eciini' • vii there is a lake • Source(s):C&M 

ni'éihi- • vai 1) to be nice 2) to be handsome, good looking 3 

changed nii'éiht • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

ni'einóehi- • vai to be fit • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'éiti- • vai to speak well • Source(s):C&M 

ni'étóyoti' • vii it sounds good • Source(s):C&M 

ni'e'in- • vti to know s.t. well • Source(s):C&M 

ni'eeneb- • vta to like s.o. 3:3' changed nii'eenówoot • 


ni'eenéineyóó3ei- • vai to make people feel well • Source(s):C&M 

ni'eeneet- • vti to like s.t. 3:3' changed nii'eeneetó' • 


ni'ibóutéé' • ni ['it smells good'] sweetgrass • Source(s):C&M 

ni'ibóu'óó- • vii to smell good • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'ibootou • ni Colorado spruce tree, scientific name Picea 

pungens • Source(s):JAC 2005 

ni'ibootouu • ni silver spruce • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'ikóóhu- • vai to be able to run • Source(s):C&M 

ni'i3ecóó- • vai to be glad, happy 3 changed nii'i3ecóót • 


ni'itii- • vai to rectify something, make something right • 


ni'itoo- • vai 1) to do something well 2) to be able to do something 

3 changed nii'itoot • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

ni'iiciini • adv 1) without 2) not using something • 

Source(s):C&M 

ni'iine'étii- • vai to live well • Source(s):C&M 

ni'iini • vii it is good • Source(s):C&M 

ni'iini- • vii that's fine, it's ok, it's good • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'iiséihi- • vai to have a nice voice 3 changed nii'iiséiht • 


ni'iisooo- • vii to be good weather 3 changed nii'iisooo' • 


ni'iit- • vti to call s.t. a certain name • Source(s):C&M 

ni'ii3éihi- • vai to be called or named • Source(s):C&M 

ni'ii3éé- • vai to be called by a certain name • Source(s):C&M 

ni'iite'ino- • vii to be known by a certain name • Source(s):C&M 

ni'koko'u3ecoo- • vai to be able to concentrate, think clearly Note: 

Neihoowuuni'koko'u3ecoo, 'I'm stumped!; I can't concentrate.' 


ni'noéyoti' • vii it appears to be good, looks good • 

Source(s):C&M 

ni'obee- • vai to be able to perceive something • Source(s):C&M 

ni'óku- • vai to sit fast, be a good bronc rider 3 changed nii'ókut • 

Source(s):LJC 

39 

ni'onéébetiit • ni peacefulness, feeling good together • 

Source(s):C&M 

ni'o3inoo'óó- • vii to be freezing 3 changed nii'o3inoo'óó' • 


ni'o3isetii- • vti to freeze s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'óte- • vii to be frozen 3 changed nii'óte' • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'ouwuhti- • vai to be tipsy • Source(s):DCAU 

ni'ouubéihi- • vai to be elated, high, intoxicated • 


ni'óxon- • vta to make s.o. feel right, cause s.o. to feel right • 

Source(s):C&M 

ni'óxu' • ni ['good medicine'] sweetgrass, Hierochlo‘ hirta • 

Source(s):ALKms, TA, JAC 2005 

ni'óó- • vii to be good, nice, acceptable, ok • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

ni'oob- • vta to agree with s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

ni'oobéihi- • vai to be agreed with, have one's offer or proposal 

accepted 

ni'óóbeti- • vai to agree with one another 

ni'oohonóh'oehiini- • vai to be a good boy • Source(s):C&M 

ni'oonóóyeinoosóó- • vii to be drizzling • Source(s):C&M 

ni'óótowoo- • vai to have one's prayer or wish fulfilled • 

Source(s):C&M 

ni'óótowóotéé' • vii (a prayer or wish) has been fulfilled • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii- • pv imperfective • Source(s):C&M 

niib- • vta to marry s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

niibecohuut • ni canteen • Source(s):Cowell ms 

niibecoo • ni canteen • Source(s):Cowell ms 

niibéi- • vai to sing • Source(s):DCAU 

niibeihii- • vai to be a singer • Source(s):DCAU 

niibei'eikuu3ei- • vai to play a wind instrument, e.g. a flute • 


niibeiikuu3oo • ni ['noise maker'] something that makes music or 

sound, e.g. an organ (musical instrument), phonograph record, 

audio tape, cd, tape player, cd player, etc. • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

niibeiinen • na singer pl niibeiinénnó' • Source(s):DCAU 

niibeneibihi'i • ni (pl.) grapes, scientific name Vitis spp. • 


niibéteesébitit • na person who is engaged in some holy endeavor 


niibe'ehiht • ni penny • Source(s):DCAU 

niibe'e'eitsiisiiyei • na ['red head snake'] copperhead snake • 


niibéébetóó'oot • na person who is performing a holy ceremony, 

officiant • Source(s):DCAU 

niibiicó'onee- • vai to carry a pipe along on a trip and use it for 

smoking • Source(s):C&M 

niibiii- • vai to do quill work • Source(s):DCAU 

niibiiniit • na angel pl niibiini3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

niibiiséébit • na coot, mud duck • Source(s):Cowell ms 

niibobóóteenebéiht • na a respected person • Source(s):DCAU 

niibo'ooseinoehit • na ['it has red meat'] salmon pl 

niibo'óseinoeehi3i' • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

niiboon- • vta to sing for s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

niibóót • ni song, melody • Source(s):DCAU 

niibóót- • vti to sing s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

niice'enooó • ni pail • Source(s):DCAU 

niice'éé- • vii to be gray 3 changed neniice'éé' • Source(s):DCAU 

niice'ise- • vii to be moldy 3 changed neniice'ise' •


niice'nóubee • na ['gray fly'] horsefly pl niice'nóubeeno' • 


niice'nowo' • na ['gray fish'] crayfish • Source(s):Cowell ms 

niicibéso'on- • vta to chase s.o. back, chase s.o. to the rear • 

Source(s):C&M 

niicibe' • particle in back, especially in the back of the camp, in 

the rear • Source(s):C&M 

niicibisee- • vai to walk to the back, walk to the rear • 

Source(s):C&M 

niiciseih- • vii to be empty, hollow 3 changed neniiciséiht • 


niicisóó- • vii to be empty, hollow 3 changed neniicisóó' • 


niicii • ni river pl niiciihoho • Listen: niicii (WaC) , niicié (WaC) • 


niiciibeetih'ohut • na ['it doesn't want to fly'] swan Note: Archaic. 


niiciihehe' • ni little river • Source(s):C&M 

niiciiheihiinén • na Kiowa pl niiciiheiniinénno' • 


niiciihéihiiteen • ni Kiowa tribe • Source(s):DCAU 

niico'cutee' • ?saltbush, scientific name Chenopodiaceae spp. • 


niicó'owuu • particle close by • Source(s):C&M 

niico'uno' • a plant growing on rocks in the mountains, possibly a 

lichen • Source(s):JAC 2005 

niicoob- • vta to suck s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

niicoonitete'inooni' • ni ['the knowing of it cannot be attained'] 

?infinity • Source(s):TA, Cowell ms 

niicoot- • vti to suck s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

niicoo'ówcei- • vai to taste salty 3 changed neniicoo'ówceit • 


niicoo'ówcoo- • vii to taste salty 3 changed neniicoo'ówcoo' • 


niicoo'ówutii- • vai to put salt on something • Source(s):DCAU 

niicóo'ówu' • placename ['salty earth'] Great Salt Lake • 

Source(s):C&M 

niicoo'ówu' • ni salt • Source(s):DCAU 

niihen- • pv by oneself, of one's own accord • Source(s):C&M 

niihénehéi3it- • vti to own some power or skill which was given 

by a superhuman source • Source(s):C&M 

niihenéihi- • vai to own something, possess something • 

Source(s):C&M, C&M 

niihenkóóhu- • vai to run of one's own accord • Source(s):C&M 

niihénoohóót- • vti to see s.t. for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

niihéyoo • adv by oneself, on one's own • Source(s):C&M 

niihiihi' • adv along (e.g. a river or stream) • Source(s):C&M 

niihonéihi- • vai to be somewhere a long time, especially when 

this requires effort or strain • Source(s):C&M 

niihonkóóhu- • vai to run for a long time or long distance • 

Source(s):C&M 

niihonokóóyei- • vai to go for a long time without drinking • 

Source(s):C&M 

niihon3óówu- • vai to keep one's breath for a long time, avoid 

running out of breath for a long time • Source(s):C&M 

niihó'- • vti to stay close by something, to follow along something 

(e.g. a river, when traveling) • Source(s):C&M 

niihó'ob- • vta to stay close to s.o., to follow along with s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

niiho'ohon- • vta to follow alongside s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

40 

niihoobéi- • vai to go along with others on a trip or journey • 

Source(s):C&M 

niihoobéinoh'uunee- • vai to be allowed to participate • 

Source(s):C&M 

niihooku'oot • ni act of watching an event closely • 

Source(s):C&M 

niihooné'einóó' • ['yellow flower'] buttercup, scientific name 

Ranunculus glaberrimus, possibly other Ranunculus spp., also 

black-eyed susan and related plants, scientific name 

Rudbeckia spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

niihoonice'éé' • ni ['orange/yellow potato/sphere'] orange pl 

niihoonice'éi'i • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niihóónkoo' • ni September • Source(s):DCAU 

niihóónkóo'uuniisiis • ni ['month of yellow leaves'] August • 


niihóótee- • vii to be located along somewhere • Source(s):C&M 

niihooyóó' • ni ['it is yellow'] 1) egg yolk 2) banana • 


niih'eikóni' • vii the tribe is moving apart, the tribe is scattering • 

Source(s):C&M 

niih'eikóóhu- • vai to scatter by running, run and scatter • 

Source(s):C&M 

niih'éinookut • na ['slanted eyes'] 1) an East Asian person 2) 

someone who resembles an East Asian person pl 

niih'éinooku3i' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC-f 

niih'óeht • na tough guy • Source(s):DCAU 

niii- • vai to camp • Source(s):C&M 

niiib- • vta to want s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

niiini- • vai to make camp • Source(s):C&M 

niiinón • ni tepee (tipi), tent pl niiinóno • Source(s):DCAU, ZS, 

LJC 

niiinoniihi' • adv related to tipis • Source(s):C&M 

niiit- • vti to want s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

niiit- • vti to request s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

niiitowóó- • vai to ask for something for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

niiitowuun- • vta to request something from s.o. • 


niiitoo- • vai to locate camp, be located in camp • Source(s):C&M 

niikoxoo'óte' • ni January • Source(s):DCAU 

niiko'óéyei- • vai to receive a pension, be on social security 3 

changed niiko'óéyeit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niikookohéi'it biisee • na ['bug that stands up'] scorpion • 


niikóoniiteeni' • ni ['it opens up'] a breech-loading rifle • 

Source(s):C&M 

niikoo'ouutisee3i' • na oxen (pl.) • Source(s):DCAU 

niikóó'owu' • ni nut pl niikóó'owu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

niinebeh'eeét • na ['it kills fish'] kingfisher pl niinebe'éé3i' • 


niinén • ni fat, lard, tallow pl niinenii • Source(s):DCAU, ZS, LJC 

niinéniiniiciihéhe' • placename ['little tallow river'] 1) Unknown 

place in central Wyoming 2) Denver and the South Platte 

River in Colorado • Source(s):C&M 

niineeneiseikóóhut • na ['it runs all over'] mole • Source(s):AD 

(Arapaho Dialects), Cowell ms 

niinéét • ni 1) nipple 2) bottle for feeding a baby pl niinéétno • 


niini- • vai to have a wife • Source(s):C&M 

niinih'ohuunoo' • ni ['it flies around'] airplane pl niinih'ohuunóu'u 


niinih'oub- • vta to scold s.o. 3:3' changed neniinih'óuwoot •


niiniibeicenee • na ['singing grouse'] ruffled grouse • 


niiniihencebkóóhut • na automobile, car • Source(s):LJC 

niino'unoo'oo' • ni June • Source(s):DCAU 

niinooxuwut • 1) government 2) person in a position of 

government leadership such as a governor or president • 


niis- • pv 1) only 2) alone • Source(s):C&M 

niis • num two anim. néniisi3i' inam. neniiséi'i • Source(s):DCAU 

niis • particle twice • Source(s):DCAU 

niis nonóóke' • ni ['second morning'] Wednesday • 


niisbéi'ici3eiyóó • ni pocketbook, purse • Source(s):DCAU 

niisciiyei'i- • vai to take a single step • Source(s):LJC 

niiscowo'óó' • ni Tuesday • Source(s):LJC 

niiseihi- • vai 1) to be one 2) to be alone 3 changed neniiseiht • 


niisén- • vti 1) to wrap s.t. 2) to cover s.t. up 3:3' changed 

neniisenó' • Source(s):DCAU 

niisén- • vta to wrap s.o. (anim. obj.) 3:3' changed neniisenoot • 


niiseti- • vii to be one 3 changed neniiseti' • Source(s):DCAU 

niise'eici • ni kerchief, scarf pl niise'éicihino • Source(s):DCAU 

niiseekuunó3onohóe • ni marriage license • Source(s):DCAU 

niiseenou'u • vii (pl.) they are of two different types • 

Source(s):C&M 

niisi- • vai to be two in number • Source(s):C&M 

niisih- • vta to bless s.o., pray over s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

niisihéihiinóó- • vii to be made • Source(s):C&M 

niisiheswouh • ni arm band pl niisheswouhno • Source(s):Cowell 

ms 

niisihkuu3- • vta to bless s.o. quickly or rapidly • Source(s):C&M 

niisih'- • vta 1) to name s.o. 2) to call out s.o.' name 3:3' changed 

neniisih'oot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niisih'i- • vai to have a name • Source(s):C&M 

niisih'iit- • vti to name s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

niisih'iit • ni name pl niisih'iitono • Source(s):DCAU 

niisiscoo' • ni sugar • Source(s):DCAU 

niisisee- • vai to be alone, be left alone • Source(s):C&M 

niisi3ei- • vai to have a job, work • Source(s):DCAU 

niisi3eihii • na worker • Source(s):DCAU 

niisi3oó • ni job, labor, work pl niisi3oono • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

niisi3oociiyoono • ni tool • Source(s):DCAU 

niisi3oot • ni labor • Source(s):DCAU 

niisiyoo3óó • ni sack pl niisiyoo3óóno • Source(s):DCAU 

niisi'owóó- • vii to be the second time or the second one • 

Source(s):C&M 

niisiickuuhu' • ni collapsible cup made from the paunch of a 

buffalo • Source(s):Cowell ms 

niisiiis • ni two days • Source(s):C&M 

niisiitoon- • vti 1) to fold s.t. 2) to roll a cigarette • 


niisiitooyei- • vai 1) to fold something 2) to roll a cigarette • 

Source(s):LJC 

niiskosei- • vai to have two nails, claws or hooves • 

Source(s):C&M 

niiskoséihii • na ['two clawed'] crab, lobster pl niiskoseihiiho' • 


niisnenii- • pv alone • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

41 

niisnenii- • vai to be two in number, be a group of two Note: not 

used simply as a count verb • Source(s):C&M 

niisnenii- • vai to be together 3 pl. changed neniisnenii3i' • 


niisniikó'usi'i • ni ['it is cut twice'] (pl) hay, alfalfa • 


niisnonóóke' • ni Tuesday • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niisouni- • vii to be forked into two prongs or branches (e.g. a 

tree) 3 changed neniisouni' • Source(s):DCAU 

niiso'- • pv 1) with, jointly, acting together 2) mixed • 

Source(s):C&M 

niisóó • na twin pl niisóóno' • Source(s):DCAU 

niisóókuu- • vai to stand in a certain way, stand in that way • 

Source(s):C&M 

niisookuunee- • vai to be wearing two feathers, have two feathers 

on one's head • Source(s):C&M 

niisoonei'i • vii 1) (pl.) there are two 2) (pl.) they are of two types, 

two kinds • Source(s):C&M 

niisóóneenóó' • vii it has two parts, two components • 

Source(s):C&M 

niisóotéé' • vii how the camp is, how the camp is set up • 

Source(s):C&M 

niisootósoo' • num seventy • Source(s):DCAU 

niisootox • num seven anim. niisootoxu3i' inam. niisootoxé'i • 


niisootoxu- • vai to be seven in number • Source(s):C&M 

niisootoxuuusi'i • vii 1) (pl.) there are seven days 2) (pl.) it lasts 

for seven days • Source(s):C&M 

niisootoox nonóóke' • ni ['seventh morning'] Monday • 


niisóó' • num twenty • Source(s):DCAU 

niistii- • vai 1) to do something (independent clause) 2) to make 

something 3 changed neniistiit 

niiston- • vta 1) to serve s.o. 2) to work for s.o. 3) to make 

something for s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

niistoo- • vai 1) to do something (independent clause) 2) what 

someone is doing (relative clause) 

niistoowóohu- • vai to perform a ceremony, engage in a ceremony 


niistoowóohuut • ni a performance of a ceremony or ritual • 

Source(s):C&M 

niit- • pv where (relative clause) • Source(s):C&M 

nii3- • pv with, along with, jointly • Source(s):C&M 

nii3- • pv why (habitual, imperfective aspect) 

nii3éihi- • vai to menstruate 3 changed nenii3éiht • Source(s):TA, 

DCAU 

nii3es- • vta to carve s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3e'etii- • vai to live with s.o., live together • Source(s):C&M 

nii3e'etiib- • vta to live with s.o., as in marriage • Source(s):C&M 

nii3ee- • pv why (habitual, imperfective aspect) • Source(s):C&M 

nii3eenébi- • vai to be unwilling • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3in- • vta to keep s.o., possess s.o., hold s.o. 3:3' changed 

nenii3inoot • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nii3in- • vti to keep s.t., possess s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3ini- • vii 1) to be held, possessed 2) to be available, at one's 

disposal • Source(s):C&M 

nii3iine'étii- • vai to live together, live with someone • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii3iine'étiib- • vta to live with s.o. • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

nii3kóóhuub- • vta to run together with s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, 

ZS

nii3neniib- • vta 1) to be with s.o, accompany s.o., be with s.o. 2) 

to support s.o., stand by s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

nii3niiteiyeekuu- • vai to stand in a line, queue • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3nowóó- • vai to permanently possess something for oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii3nóyei- • vai 1) to trap with others 2) to compete in trapping • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii3nóóyoti- • vii to be sounding out • Source(s):C&M 

nii3oe'inowoo- • vai to make a willow shelter (e.g. coo'oeyóó) for 


nii3o3ousé' • ni sandwich, hamburger pl nii3o3ousé'ii • 


nii3óun- • vta to milk s.o., e.g. a cow 3:3' changed nenii3óunoot • 


nii3óuyei- • vai to milk (e.g. a cow) • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3ouyóó • na milker, milk cow pl nii3ouyoonó • 


nii3ouyóó • ni udder pl nii3ouyoonó • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3oxesnóun- • vti to mix s.t., e.g. dough, cement • 


nii3óxesnóuyóó • ni dough • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3oxóen- • vta to enclose s.o. in a fenced area • Source(s):C&M 

nii3oxoeyéi- • vai to build a fence, repair a fence • 


nii3oxoeyóó • ni 1) fence 2) corrall pl nii3oxoeeyóno • 


nii3óyeiseihi- • vai to be plentiful • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3óyeisóó- • vii to be plentiful • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3óyeiteihi- • vai to be plentiful • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3o'ini' • ni ground meat, hamburger meat • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3o'oo- • vai to become like something else • Source(s):C&M 

nii3óón- • vta to go with s.o., to accompany s.o. • 


nii3óotééni- • vai to be braided, be in braids • Source(s):C&M 

nii3óotééni- • vii to be braided 3 changed nenii3óotééni' • 

Source(s):LJC 

nii3ootééyei- • vai to weave • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3óótee'ein- • vta to braid s.o.'s hair • Source(s):DCAU 

nii3óótee'en- • vti to braid s.t. (hair, rope), make a braid • 

Source(s):LJC 

nii3óótee'ee • ni braid pl nii3óótee'ééno • Source(s):DCAU 

niitbisiseet • na ['where [the sun] appears'] the east • 

Source(s):C&M 

niiteceenéét- • vti to guess s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

niitehéi- • vai to help out with things • Source(s):C&M 

niiteheib- • vta to help s.o. 3:3' changed neniitehéiwoot • 


niitehéibetiit • ni help, helping one another • Source(s):C&M 

niitehéit- • vti 1) to help s.t. 2) to improve a situation • 

Source(s):C&M 

niitei- • pv 1) line 2) row 

niiteiniihi' • adv one after another, as in a line • Source(s):C&M 

niiteiniikohéi- • vai to ride in single file • Source(s):DCAU 

niiteiséé- • vai to walk in single file, march • Source(s):DCAU 

niitéiyeekuu- • vai to stand in a row 3 pl. changed 

neniitéiyeekuu3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

niitéiyeekuu- • vii to stand in a row, be in a row 3 pl. changed 

neniitéiyeekuu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

niitei'óó- • to be arranged in single file • Source(s):DCAU 

niitén- • vta to kiss s.o. 3:3' changed neniiténoot • 


42 

niitisee- • vai to arrive from someplace • Source(s):C&M 

niitkooneetóótiini' • ni privy, toilet • Source(s):DCAU 

niitne'iseet • na ['where [the sun] goes down'] the west • 


niito • num six • Source(s):DCAU 

niitobe'einiihi' • adv first • Source(s):C&M 

niitobee- • vai to hear • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

niitobéeé- • vai to be first in line, go first, lead 3 changed 

neniitobéeet • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

niitobeekuu- • vai to stand ahead, be first • Source(s):ZS 

niitobééti- • vii to be heard • Source(s):C&M 

niitohkóu'usé'i • ni airport • Source(s):DCAU 

niitókuuw- • vta to ride with s.o. 3:3' changed neniitokuwoot • 


niitón- • vta to doctor s.o. by sucking • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niiton- • vta to hear s.o., understand s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niitóuub- • vta to howl at s.o., holler to or at s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

niitóuub- • vta to holler, yell at s.o. 3:3' changed neniitóuuwoot • 


niitóuuhu- • vai 1) to howl, holler, yell 2) (a mouse) to squeak • 

Listen: niitóuuhunoo (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

niitóuuhu- • vai (an animal) to make a noise such as howling or 

bugling, (a person) to holler, yell • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, 

LJC 

niitóuuhu- • vai to thunder 3 changed neniitóuuhut • 


niitóuuhu3- • vta to whistle at s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

niitouukuu3óó • ni piano • Source(s):DCAU 

niitóuut- • vti to whistle at s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

niitóuu3éi'i- • vai to whistle at things • Source(s):C&M 

niitóuu3óó • ni 1) whistle 2) flute 3) bugle pl niitóuu3óóno • 

Listen: niitóuu3óó (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

niitowo'éiniihi' • adv the first way, the first type • Source(s):C&M 

niitówo'oo- • vai to be first, be in the lead 3 changed neniitówo'oot 


niitówoó • ni information, news • Source(s):DCAU 

niitowóón- • vta to lead s.o., go ahead of s.o. 3:3' changed 

neniitowóónoot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

niitowóot- • vti to hear s.t. • Source(s):Salzmann 1963 

niitowootéé- • vii to be first 3 changed neniitowooté' • 


niito' • particle first • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

niito' tih'iisiini' • ni the day before yesterday • Source(s):DCAU 

niitoo- • vai where someone is located or staying (habitually or 

generally) • Source(s):C&M 

niitookuub- • vta to stand with s.o. • Listen: neniitookuuwoot 


niitootósoo' • num sixty • Source(s):DCAU 

niitootox • num six anim. neniitootoxu3i' inam. neniitootoxéi'i • 


niitootoxu- • vai to be six in number • Source(s):C&M 

niitootoxuunee- • vai to be wearing six feathers, have six feathers 

on one's head • Source(s):C&M 

niiwóh- • vta to hold s.o. in one's mouth 3 changed neniiwóheet • 


niiwóh- • vti to hold s.t. in one's mouth 3 changed neniiwóho' • 


niiwohóe • ni flag pl niiwohóeeno • Source(s):DCAU 

niiwoho'ón- • vti to carry s.t. along (e.g. on a trip) • 


niiwoho'un- • vta to carry s.o. 3:3' changed neniiwoh'unoot •


niiwóuhu'un- • vta to carry s.o. (animate object) along (e.g. on a 

trip) • Source(s):C&M 

niiwouwu- • vai to carry a blanket • Source(s):C&M 

niiwo'óó- • vii to decrease 3 changed neniiwo'óó' • 


niiwo'óó- • vai to decrease 3 changed neniiwo'óót • 


niiwóókoxon- • vta to give s.o. food to carry with them on a trip • 

Source(s):C&M 

niiwóó3heihiit • ni the things which one carries on a journey • 

Source(s):C&M 

niiwoowó3onóheit • na ['s/he makes marks'] artist pl 

niiwoowó3onóhei3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

niixohóusi- • vii to be covered with smoke • Source(s):C&M 

niixóxo'on- • vta to be close to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

niixó'ou'óó- • vai to make motions, especially ceremonial • 

Source(s):C&M 

niixóó • particle also • Source(s):C&M 

niixóó • particle also, in addition • Source(s):C&M 

niixookuunee- • vai to be wearing one feather, have one feather on 

one's head • Source(s):C&M 

niixooneeni' • ni lantern pl niixooneeni'i • Source(s):DCAU 

niixoonee3éé3oo • ni ring (a plain band) • Source(s):ALKms, 

DCAU 

niixooseiht • na ['it is slippery'] racer snake Note: see Dorsey:177, 

202 for info. re: Sun Dance • Source(s):Cowell ms 

niixóosóoti' • ni silk • Source(s):DCAU 

niiyeih- • vta to do s.o. a favor • Source(s):C&M 

niiyoo'óé • ni red-bush, red birch, mountain birch, water birch, 

scientific name Betula fontinalis • Source(s):C&M, Cowell ms 

nii'- • pv when (relative clause) • Source(s):C&M 

nii'bisiseet • ni ['when it appears'] sunrise • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'cénkoo' • ni October • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'eheinó'eti- • vii to be an eagle cloud or thunder cloud • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii'ehihi' • na ['little bird'] sparrow pl nii'ehih'o' • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'ehiihi' • adv having to do with eagles or birds • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii'ehiini- • vai to be a bird, be an eagle • Source(s):C&M 

nii'ehiiniihi' • adv in a bird-like or eagle-like manner • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii'ehiisoo • na young bird, nestling pl nii'ehiisoono' • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii'éihii • na 1) bird 2) eagle pl nii'ehiiho' obv. sg. nii'ehéo obv. pl. 

nii'ehiihoo • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nii'éihiinó'et • ni ['eagle cloud'] eagle cloud, thunder cloud • 

Source(s):C&M 

nii'éihiitoowó'o • ni a ceremony concerning eagles, the Eagle Way 


nii'eikuu3- • vta to cover s.o.'s head • Source(s):C&M 

nii'eeso'sii'oo' • ni stinging nettle, scientific name Urtica gracilis • 


nii'éé3neebiiskooti' • ni ['the leaves really appear'] June • 


nii'éétee' • ni a plant known as bear root, biscuit root, pungent 

desert parsley or consumption plant, scientific name 

Lomatium dissectum, described by Kroeber as "a greasy, 

carrot-like root" (TA:32) • Source(s):TA, JAC 2005 

nii'ibounóókhooseii • ni sweet sage, scientific name Artemisia 

ludoviciana Subsp. ludoviciana • Source(s):DCAU, Curtis 

43 

1911 

nii'ibóoóti' • ni spruce or fir tree, scientific names Abies bifolia, 

Picea engelmannii, Pseudostuga menziesii • Source(s):JAC 

2005 

nii'iibee- • vai to blow one's nose • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'iiwoo • ni handkerchief • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'ne'iseet • vai-inflected ['when it goes down'] sunset • 


nii'ne'iseet • ni ['when it goes down'] sundown • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'ou3etii- • vai to soak s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'óu3ib- • vta to soak s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

nii'tesico'ouu3i' • zenith, when the sun is at its zenith • 


-no • suffix obviative plural, na 

noehi- • vai to come or go out, come or go outside • 

Source(s):DCAU, C&M, ZS 

noh • particle and • Source(s):LJC 

nohcéinee- • vai to ring something (e.g. a bell) • Source(s):DCAU 

nohceineekuu3oo • ni buzzer • Source(s):LJC 

nohceinéén- • vti to ring s.t. (e.g. a bell) • Source(s):LJC 

nohcéineeyei- • vai to ring (e.g. a bell) 3 changed noohceineeyeit • 


nohceinééyeihii • na ['rattler'] rattlesnake pl nohceineeyeihiiho' • 


nohcéineeyóo • ni bell • Source(s):DCAU 

nohceinóóni- • vii to ring 3 changed noohceinóóni' • 

Source(s):LJC 

nohcó'oo- • vai to participate, take part in something 3 changed 

noohcó'oot • Source(s):DCAU 

nohk- • pv with, comitative (e.g. kept with a person, carried along 

with a person) • Source(s):C&M 

nohkcésisih'ohu- • vai to fly away with something, fly away while 

holding something • Source(s):C&M 

nohkcé3ei'oo- • vai to go away and take something with one • 

Source(s):C&M 

nohkce3kóóhu- • vai to run away while carrying something • 

Source(s):C&M 

nohkeeckóóhu- • vai to go home with something • 

Source(s):C&M 

nohkniicibisee- • vai to walk to the back or rear with someone • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóhko3on • ni bark of the dogwood, scientific name Swida sericea 

(bark) • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nóhktonóun- • vti to use s.t. in conjunction with something else • 

Source(s):C&M 

nohkubééxookee- • vai to grow up with something, grow up while 

possessing something • Source(s):C&M 

nohkuhcih'ohu- • vai to fly up and away with something • 

Source(s):C&M 

nohkuseic • particle 1) morning 2) tomorrow morning • 


nohkuseiciini- • vii to be morning 3 changed noohkuseiciini' • 


nohkuseiciini- • vii to be morning 

nohkuuhu' • adv with (as in keeping something with one) • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóhkuusi'i'oo- • vai to grow up with something (e.g. a language) • 

Source(s):C&M 

nohkuuxonóh- • vta to poison s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nohkuuxonó3oó • ni poison • Source(s):DCAU 

nohohee- • pv soon • Source(s):ZS

nóhohóuhu- • vai 1) to hurry 2) to be in a rush • Source(s):DCAU 

nóhohoobée3too- • vai to hurry up and finish doing something • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóhohooniihi' • adv immediately, instantly, soon • 


nóhohooniino'usee- • vai to arrive somewhere on foot while 

hurrying • Source(s):C&M 

nohokoo3oo- • vii to be bitterly cold 3 changed noohookoo3oo' • 


nóhousoo- • vii to be curved • Source(s):DCAU 

nóhowóh • particle is everything okay? • Source(s):C&M 

nóho'e3eeyóó • ni lamp pl nóhoe'3eeyóóno, nóho'e3eeyóóno • 


nóho'eyici3óo • ni pole strap (of a harness) • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

nóho'huuhu' • adv up, upwards • Source(s):C&M 

nóho'kóso'oo- • vii to glitter 3 changed nóóho'kóso'oo' • 


nóho'kóóhu- • vai to run upwards • Source(s):C&M 

nóho'nihi'kóóhu- • vai to run upwards quickly • Source(s):C&M 

nóho'nóoxéihi- • vai to leave tracks going upwards • 

Source(s):C&M 

noho'óuub- • vta to invite s.o., treat s.o. by paying on their behalf 

3:3' changed nooh'óuuwoot • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nóho'óuuhu- • vai to climb upwards • Source(s):C&M 

noho'óó- • vii to dawn, be dawn 3 changed nooh'óóke' • 


nóho'uhcéhi- • vai to go upwards quickly, run or jump upwards • 

Source(s):C&M 

noho'ukotii- • vai 1) to gallop 2) to run 3 changed nooho'ukotiit • 


nóho'usee- • vai to walk upwards, uphill • Source(s):C&M 

nóhoo • na stallion • Source(s):DCAU 

nohóóxobee • ni leftovers, meat scraps, remains from butchering 

animals • Source(s):C&M 

nohtóu • particle why? • Source(s):DCAU 

nohuusóho- • vii that's how it is, let it be that way 3 changed 

nohuusóho' Note: Said at the closing of a speech, story or 

prayer. In prayers, used as the equivalent of 'Amen'. • 


nohuux • ni nest pl nohuuxo • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

noh'eihóó • ni 1) window 2) skylight • Listen: noh'eihóó (WiC) • 


noh'éisib- • vta to scatter s.o. on the ground, leave s.o. scattered 

about • Source(s):C&M 

noh'en- • vti to lift s.t. by hand, raise s.t. up • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

noh'enob- • vta to lift s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

noh'óeseicii- • vai to be in an illuminated place • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óeséihi- • vai to shine, be illuminated • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óeseihihi' • na ['little lit up one'] firefly pl noh'óeeseihihi' • 


noh'óéseikuu3oo • ni light switch • Source(s):LJC 

noh'óéseikuutii- • vai to turn a light on • Listen: noh'óéseikuutii 


noh'óesein- • vti to light or illuminate a place • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óeséitee- • vii to be illuminated (e.g. a place by natural light) • 

Source(s):C&M 

noh'óéseiteeni- • vii to be illuminated, lit up • Source(s):ZS 

noh'óeséi'oo- • vii to shine, be illuminated • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óesei'óó- • vii to be illuminated (e.g. a tipi) 

44 

noh'óesiihi' • adv as if lit, like illumination • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óé' • vii there is light (to see by) • Source(s):C&M 

noh'ohkóóhu- • vai to run up a hill or slope • Source(s):C&M 

nóh'ohkoohu- • vai to run up • Source(s):DCAU 

noh'óhoé • ni lever • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell p.c. 

nóh'ohóuuhuuton- • vta to climb up to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nóh'ohusee- • vai to walk uphill, walk upwards • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óunéé- • vai to persist, keep trying • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óuutohóe • ni the center pole of the Sun Dance lodge • 

Source(s):C&M 

noh'oxóót- • vti to jump over s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

noh'ooheti- • vai to massacre oneself • Source(s):C&M 

noh'óóke- • vii to be light outside, be daytime • Source(s):C&M 

nóh'ookono'óó- • vii to become light • Source(s):C&M 

noh'ukutii- • vai to lope 3 changed nonoh'ukutiit • 


noh'uwunbiise' • ni bearberry bush, scientific name 

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bush) • Source(s):JAC 2005 

noh'uwuno • ni bearberries, scientific name Arctostaphylos uvaursi 

(berries) • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nókohu- • vai to sleep, be asleep • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nokohukóóhu- • vai 1) to go to sleep 2) to take a nap • 


nokohuunoo'oo- • vai to fall asleep • Source(s):C&M 

nokó3ton- • vta to copy s.o., imitate s.o. 3:3' changed 

nookó3tonoot • Source(s):DCAU 

nókowuuhu' • particle down here, at the bottom • Source(s):C&M 

nókoonii- • vai to yawn 3 changed nóókoniit • Source(s):DCAU, 

ZS 

nokóóyei- • vai 1) to fast ritually 2) to be thirsty • 


nokóóyeiniiitowóót- • vti to ask for s.t. through the process of 

fasting • Source(s):C&M 

nokooyóót • ni fasting • Source(s):DCAU 

nokooyóó3i'eyóo • ni stone monument built at a fasting spot • 

Source(s):C&M 

noni- • pv wrongly 

nonibii3i- • vai to eat something wrongly, eat something 

forbidden • Source(s):C&M 

nonih • particle pay attention!, listen up! • Source(s):C&M 

nonih'i- • vai to forget • Source(s):DCAU 

nonih'ii3it- • vti to forget s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nonih'ii3iton- • vta to forget s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

noninihii- • vai to say the wrong thing • Source(s):DCAU 

noni3e'eexu- • vai to have nightmares 3 changed nooni3e'eexut • 


noni3oxuuhéihi- • vai to have become lost or confused due to 

harassment • Source(s):C&M 

nonii • exclamation how cute! • Source(s):C&M 

nonii • ni the back fat of a buffalo • Source(s):Cowell ms 

noniikoh- • vta 1) to hide from s.o. 2) to run away from s.o. 3:3' 

changed nooniikóhoot • Source(s):DCAU 

noniikuhnee- • vai to flee and hide, be chased away into hiding • 

Source(s):C&M 

noniikuut- • vta to misplace s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

noniikuutii- • vai to misplace something • Source(s):DCAU 

nonóneeneet- • vti to be concerned about s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nonóneenów- • vta to be concerned about s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nonóuheti- • vai to race (with each other) • Source(s):C&M 

nonóuhetiib- • vta to race against s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nonóuhtiinóóx • na race horse • Source(s):DCAU

nonou3óó • ni million • Source(s):DCAU 

nonóuti- • vai to race • Source(s):DCAU 

nonoutiib- • vta to race s.o. 3:3' changed nonoutiiwoot • 


nonoutiinóóx • na racehorse • Source(s):DCAU 

nonoxóó3ei- • vai to be funny 3 changed noonoxóó3eit • 


nonoxootéihi- • vai to be mean, vicious • Source(s):DCAU 

nónoyoo- • vii to be wrong • Source(s):DCAU 

nóno'éiniihi' • adv in the Arapaho way • Source(s):C&M 

nóno'éiniine'etiit • ni the Arapaho way of life • Source(s):C&M 

nonó'o3on- • pv to be busy or engaged with something • 

Source(s):C&M 

nonoocoo' booo • ni Milky Way • Source(s):Hayden 1863, Cowell 

ms 

nonookuce'éé' • ni ['white potato/sphere'] turnip pl nonookuce'éi'i 


nonóókunéseet • na ['it has shiny fur'] grizzly bear pl 

nóókunéseehiiho' obv. sg. nonóókunéseeni3 obv. pl. 

nóókunéseeni3i • Source(s):DCAU 

nonookusono' • na ['it has a white neck'] male grouse • 


nonookuusooninéét • na ['has a white mane'] palomino pl 

nonookuusooninéé3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

nónooni • na young buffalo cow, approximately 2-3 years old pl 

nónoonihiiho' • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

nonóónoko' • particle might as well, it's worth a try • 

Source(s):C&M 

nonooxeisé' • ni a track • Source(s):DCAU 

nonooxóyoti' • ni trail • Source(s):DCAU 

nonsih'ebi- • vai to be drunk • Source(s):DCAU 

nónsoo' • vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder • Source(s):C&M 

non3éineecihi' • vii a lot of noise is being made • Source(s):C&M 

non3éineeci3ei'i- • vai to make a lot of noise • Source(s):C&M 

nón3einóóni- • vii to be noisy • Source(s):C&M 

nóntoo- • vai 1) to make a mistake, do something wrong 2) to be 

wrong, do wrong 3 changed nóóntoot • Source(s):DCAU 

nóntoot • ni error, mistake • Source(s):DCAU 

nosóu- • pv continue to do something, still, ongoing • 


nosouniihi' • adv still, ongoing • Source(s):C&M 

nosóunoxuuh- • vta to keep bothering, harassing or persecuting 

someone • Source(s):C&M 

no3- • vta to fetch s.o., seize or grab s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

no3oncebitee • ni shortening • Source(s):DCAU 

no3onéihi- • vai to be idle • Source(s):DCAU 

no3óóbeeneb- • vta to suspect s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

notéineeb- • vta to call for s.o. by making a sound, such as 

whistling • Source(s):C&M 

notéii3ih- • vta to look for s.o. who will do something for you • 

Source(s):C&M 

notikoni- • vai 1) to scout for enemies 2) to be on the warpath • 


notin- • vti to look for s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

notinihiit- • vti to search for the right way to say something, look 

for a word or means of expression • Source(s):C&M 

noti'onéihi- • vai to be looked for in order to do something for 

someone, be looked for on someone's behalf • Source(s):C&M 

notiih- • vta to look for s.o., search for s.o. 3:3' changed nootiihoot 

• Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

notiineenéét- • vti to search for new knowledge or ideas • 

45 

Source(s):C&M 

notii3in- • vta to grope around for s.o., to feel around for s.o. • 


notii3in- • vti to grope around for s.t., to feel around for s.t. • 


nótiitii- • vti to look for s.t., search for s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

notkóniinén • na 1) scout 2) warrior pl notkóniinénno' • 

Source(s):C&M 

nótnoohóót- • vti to try to see s.t., look for s.t. • Source(s):ZS, 

C&M 

nótnoo'éini- • vai to look around for things (as on guard duty) • 

Source(s):C&M 

noton- • vta to ask s.o., ask s.o. a question • Source(s):DCAU 

notónih- • vta to doctor s.o. 3:3' changed nootonihoot • 


notónihéihii • na medicine man, doctor, physician pl 

notóniheihiiho' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

notónihéisei • na 1) female nurse 2) female physician's assistant pl 

notoniheiséino' • Source(s):DCAU 

notónihiinén • na 1) male nurse 2) male physician's assistant • 

Source(s):LJC 

nótonohein- • pv medicine, doctoring • Source(s):C&M 

nototéihi- • vai to be shy • Source(s):DCAU 

notóyeic • ni 1) hide 2) rind (e.g. of an apple) • Source(s):DCAU 

notóyeiciibiis • ni ['rind/hide leaf'] netleaf hackberry, scientific 

name Celtis reticulata • Source(s):JAC 2005 

noto'óh- • vti to fasten s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

notó'u • na-dep 1) (my) sister in law 2) (my) female friend pl 

notó'uhó' Note: Used by women. • Listen: notó'u (MU) • 


notóóbe'éitii- • vai to fill a hole • Source(s):DCAU 

notóóh- • vti to hammer s.t., nail s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

notóóne • na-dep daughter (1 poss) 3 poss. hitóóno • 


notóónoo3- • vta to support s.o., 'take up' for s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

notóonóó3etiit • ni process of supporting one another in difficulty, 

such as when going through a fasting ceremony • 

Source(s):C&M 

notoo'óh- • vti to poke around for something using an instrument 

(e.g. a stick, a fork) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

notoo'óh- • vta to poke around for something (animate object) 

using an instrument (e.g. a stick, a fork) • Source(s):LJC 

nottówoó • ni question pl nottówoonó • Source(s):DCAU 

nóubee • na fly pl nóubeeno' obv. sg. nóubeen • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

nóuxon- • vta to meet s.o., to make s.o.'s acquaintance • 


nou'usééneti- • vai to hold hands • Source(s):DCAU 

nouu • na swift fox pl nouu Note: Sometimes used in the 

diminutive -- nouuhehe'. The fox is associated with the Kit 

Fox Lodge. • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

nóuucéno'oo- • vai to jump outside • Source(s):C&M 

nouuciitóó3eihii • na ['one who blows [dirt] out [of the ground]'] 

gopher, possibly also mole pl nouciitóó3eiihiiho' • 


nouuciitoo3oo • ni gopher hole • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nóuuhcehi- • vai to run outside, go outside quickly • 


nouuhnénnó' • na Kit Fox men, members of the Kit Fox Lodge 

age-grade society • Source(s):TA, DCAU

nóuuhuuton- • vta to climb (an. object) habitually • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóuuh'óowu' • ni the Kit Fox Lodge age-grade society • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóuunóóhob- • vta to go outside to see s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nouuse'éici3oo • ni long lance with a hook like a cane, staff • 

Source(s):TA, DCAU, LJC 

nouusee- • vai to walk out of a place or area • Source(s):C&M 

nouu3ine- • vai to be in water • Source(s):DCAU 

nouu3iihi- • vai to move out (e.g. of a house, camp) • 


nouuten- • vta to take (animate obj.) outside • Source(s):DCAU 

nouute'éici3oo • ni staff (long stick, rod) • Source(s):DCAU 

nóuutowusee- • vai to keep on walking, be walking continuously • 

Source(s):C&M 

nowóne- • vai to be drowsy, sleepy • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

nówo' • na fish pl nówou'u Note: TA:58 • Source(s):DCAU 

nowóó3 • left side • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nowóo3i- • vai to be left-handed 3 changed noowoo3it • 


Nowoo3inen • na ['left-handed man'] member of the Southern 

sub-tribe of Arapahos, identified by Curtis pl Nowoo3inenno' 

Note: Hayden identified this band's range as "along the 

Arkansas River and its tributaries" (1863:321). • 

Source(s):Hayden 1863, Curtis 1911 

nowoo3iihi' • adv on the left • Source(s):DCAU 

nowóó3iihiiteeniihi' • adv on the left • Source(s):DCAU 

nowootooku • na ['left/impure rabbit'] rabbit • Source(s):Hayden 

1863, Cowell ms 

nowuh- • vta to track s.o., follow s.o.'s tracks 3:3' changed 

noowuhoot • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nowu3éi'i- • vai to track someone or something • Source(s):C&M 

nóxhoeniihi' • adv quickly, rapidly • Source(s):C&M 

noxnonéihi- • vai to be quick • Source(s):DCAU 

nóxohoe- • pv quickly, rapidly • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

nóxohóeniihi' • adv hurriedly, in a hurrying manner • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóxohu- • vii to be rapid, occur quickly • Source(s):C&M 

nóxonéihi- • vai (a person) to be loaded with things • 

Source(s):C&M 

noxoséihi- • vai 1) to be good looking, attractive 2) to be sweet 3 

changed nooxoseiht • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

noxow- • pv 1) very (intensifier) 2) barely 3) just now • 

Source(s):C&M 

noxowniiwo'óó- • vii to become little, small 3 changed 

nooxowniiwo'óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

noxowouuhu- • vai to climb close, climb closer • 

Source(s):ALKms, LJC 

nóxowóó3oo • ni war club, killing club • Source(s):C&M 

nóxowuh- • vta to kill s.o. violently through impact • 

Source(s):C&M 

noxowus- • vai to be violently smashed and killed 3 changed 

nooxowusi' • Source(s):C&M 

nóxowusee- • vai to go through a time of intense experience, 

especially pain and suffering • Source(s):C&M 

nóxowuuhu' • adv 1) intensely, greatly 2) near, close, almost • 


noxoxeihi- • vai to be envious • Source(s):ZS 

noxóxh- • vta to envy s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

noxóónoo- • vii 1) to be near the edge, pushing the margins 2) to 

be dangerous • Source(s):C&M 

46 

noxóo3ih- • vta to be mean to s.o., treat s.o. harshly • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóxootoohob- • vta to stare at s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nóxoownóó- • vii to be dangerous • Source(s):C&M 

noxuhu- • vai to hurry, do things quickly • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

noxu3ecoo- • vai to worry • Source(s):DCAU 

noxu3ecóóh- • vta to worry someone, cause someone worry 3:3' 

changed nooxu3ecóóhoot • Source(s):DCAU 

noxuuh- • vta to bother s.o., persecute s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

noxuutéikoohu- • vai run up, go up quickly • Source(s):LJC 

noxuutéiniihi' • adv 1) upslope, upstream 2) in or to the west • 

Source(s):C&M 

noxuutéisee- • vai go upwards, go upslope • Source(s):LJC 

noxuutéixoh- • vta 1) to take s.o. upstream 2) to take s.o. 

westwards • Source(s):C&M 

noxuutéi' • 1) upwards (upslope), upstream 2) in the west, 

westwards • Source(s):C&M 

noxuutiihi' • adv in the west • Source(s):C&M 

noxxoeniihi' • adv soon • Source(s):DCAU 

nóyei- • vai to fish • Source(s):DCAU 

noyéihii • na ['fisher'] kingfisher • Source(s):Cowell ms 

noyéihii • na fisher(man) pl noyeihiiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

noyóót • na 1) rainbow 2) fishhook, fishing gear 3) ?trap pl 

noyóótno Note: A rainbow is the fishook of the Thunderbird. • 

Listen: noyóót (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

nóyoo3- • vta to trap s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

no'- • pv to reach the terminal point of a linear path, arrive • 

Source(s):C&M 

-no' • suffix 12 vai realis conjugation 

-no' • suffix plural, na 

nó'ceikóóhuuhéi- • vai to arrive riding toward the speaker • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'cou'u3éi'i- • vai to come to bother or harass people • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'eihi' • na mink pl no'éih'o', noh'eiho' obv. sg. no'éih'o, noh'eiho 

obv. pl. no'éih'o, noh'eiho • Source(s):DCAU 

no'éi'ihó' • na swan • Source(s):Cowell ms 

no'esó'on- • vta to chase s.o. to here, where the speaker is • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'eeckóóhu- • vai to arrive back at one's home • Source(s):C&M 

no'éése- • vii (wind) to start to blow • Source(s):C&M 

no'koséihi- • vai to be shiny 3 changed noo'koséiht • 


no'kósoo- • vii to be shiny 3 changed noo'kósoo' • 


no'kóóhu- • vai to arrive by running • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

no'kóóhuuhéi- • vai to arrive on horseback • Source(s):C&M 

nó'neetii- • vai to reach a place, get to a place • Source(s):C&M 

no'óeneb- • vta to expect s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

no'oeniihi' • adv around, around here • Source(s):LJC 

no'óéteikóóhuuhéihi- • vai to be taken or made to run down to a 

river • Source(s):C&M 

no'óéteiniihi' • adv at the river, by the river • Source(s):C&M 

no'óetéixoh- • vta to take s.o. down to a river • Source(s):C&M 

no'óetisee- • vai to walk in the direction of a river or water • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'oe'éici3éi- • vai to lead a horse here, in this direction • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'oe'éicitonéihi- • vai to be led here for someone, in order to be 

given to someone • Source(s):C&M 

no'oe'én- • vti to take s.t. out of water • Listen: noo'oe'énowoo


no'oe'én- • vta to take s.o. out of water • Source(s):LJC 

nó'ot- • pv much, a lot • Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3ehéit- • vti to have a lot of superhuman power • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3e'in- • vti to know a lot about something • Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3éé'eenebéihi- • vai to be depended on greatly • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3ikobee- • vai to act tough (in a false way) • Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3iini • vii there is a lot • Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3iinii3e'éé- • vai to have a lot of hair • Source(s):C&M 

no'o3nentóóhu- • vai to be a lot of people around • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'o3óó- • vii to be cruel, tough, very difficult to endure 3 

changed nono'o3oo' • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

nó'otehéi3it- • vti to receive a lot of power (via a gift from 

superhuman sources) • Source(s):C&M 

nó'otéihi- • vai 1) to be tough, mean 2) to have power • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'otéihi- • vai to be powerful • Source(s):DCAU 

no'óteinéése- • vii to make a roaring noise (e.g. water) 3 changed 

nono'óteinéése' • Source(s):DCAU 

no'oteineesee- • vai to walk loudly • Source(s):LJC 

nó'oteinóóni- • vii to be very noisy • Source(s):C&M 

no'ote'éihi- • vai to know a lot, to be very knowledgable • 

Source(s):LJC 

no'oteeci- • vii to snow heavily • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nó'óteenéb- • vta to think highly of s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nó'oteenebéihi- • vai to be thought of highly • Source(s):C&M 

no'óteesé- • vii to be very windy 3 changed nonooóteesé' • 


nó'otnéihino' • na Sioux • Source(s):C&M 

nó'otoséee- • vai to gather a lot of wood • Source(s):C&M 

no'otoosóóti- • vii to rain heavily • Source(s):C&M 

nó'otooyéitee' • vii there is a big pile of something • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'otoo'óé- • vii to be brushy • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

nó'ouh • na 1) squirrel 2) extended to other similar small rodents 

pl nó'ouh'o' • Source(s):DCAU 

no'óutihii • ni yarrow, scientific name Achillea lanulosa • 


no'ou'oo- • vai to arrive by floating, float to a place • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'ouuhtoohóee • ni center pole (in the sun dance) • 


no'owunoo'oo- • vii to shake • Source(s):C&M 

no'oxóéhi- • vai to ache, be sore • Source(s):LJC 

no'oxoh- • vta to bring s.o. • Source(s):ZS 

no'óxoyóó- • vii to be sore, tender 3 changed noo'óxoyóó' • 


nó'oxóó- • vii the time has arrived • Source(s):C&M 

nó'oxoohóhk • particle then • Source(s):DCAU 

nó'oxuuheti- • vai to get oneself to a place by hard work, with 

difficulty • Source(s):C&M 

no'óokéi'i- • vai to bring something home, transport something to 

one's house • Source(s):C&M 

no'óókoo3- • vta to bring s.o. home • Source(s):C&M 

nó'oonó3ei- • vai to gather one's things • Source(s):C&M 

nó'oo3ite'e- • vai to bring a story here from another place • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'óotéé- • vii to be located or laid out in that way, to that extent • 

47 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'oo' • particle far away from the camp circle • Source(s):C&M 

nó'oo'héése- • vii to be blown far from camp • Source(s):C&M 

nó'oo'kóóhuuhéi- • vai to ride far away, way out there • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'oo'uuhu- • vai to move camp, shift dwelling place to far away 

from the present location • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

nó'oo'xoh- • vta to take s.o. far away from the camp circle • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'ucéitoon- • vta to arrive to visit s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

no'uhcehéihi- • vai to have arrived quickly at a place, have just 

gotten somewhere in a hurry • Source(s):C&M 

no'uhcehi- • vai to arrive quickly, run or ride up to a place • 


no'uh'ohu- • vai to arrive by flying • Source(s):C&M 

no'u3ecoo- • vai to think back • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

no'u3ecóót- • vti to think back to s.t., have s.t. arrive in one's mind 


no'uxoh- • vta to deliver s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nó'uxohéihi- • vai to have been delivered to a place • 

Source(s):C&M 

no'uxotii- • vti to deliver s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nó'uxoton- • vta to deliver something to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

no'uxóóton- • vta to arrive at s.o.'s location, come to s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

nó'uuhu- • vai to arrive at camp • Source(s):C&M 

no'uuhu' • adv to here, up to a point or place • Source(s):C&M 

no'uusi'oo- • vai to close one's eyes • Source(s):C&M 

no'uusooó- • vii to be stormy, storming 3 changed noo'uusooó' • 


nóóbe' • ni 1) sand 2) clay • Source(s):DCAU 

noobe'éini- • vii to be sandy 3 changed nonoobe'éini' • 


nóóbe'einiihi' • adv 1) in the south 2) to the south, southwards • 

Source(s):C&M 

nooceiyoo • ni thong • Source(s):Cowell ms 

noocóó- • vii to be white 3 changed nonoocóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

noohób- • vta to see s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nóóhobéihi- • vai to be visible 3 changed nonóóhobéihit • 


nóóhobéihiinoo- • vii to be visible 3 changed nonóóhobéihiinoo' • 


nóóhousóó' • ni banana • Source(s):LJC 

noohowkuu3- • vta to glance at s.o., to catch sight of s.o. • 


noohówootiihi' • adv by seeing, by watching • Source(s):C&M 

noohoot- • vti to see s.t. 3:3' changed nonoohootó' • 


noohóó3ei- • vai to see, see things • Source(s):C&M 

noohoo3ih- • vta to show something to s.o., make something 

visible to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nook- • pv white, light 

nookbéi'ci3e' • ni ['white metal'] zinc • Source(s):DCAU 

nookcebitee • ni ['white grease'] lard • Source(s):DCAU 

nóóke- • vii to be daylight, morning 3 changed nonóóke' • 


nookéihi- • vai to be white 3 changed nonookéiht • 


nookéni- • vii to be daylight, morning 3 changed nonookéni' • 

Source(s):ZS 

nookétee- • vii to be faded 3 changed nonookétee' •


nooke'éhk • particle 1) tomorrow 2) tomorrow morning • 


nooké'ei- • vai to have white hair • Source(s):DCAU 

nooke'éibeh'éi • na ['white headed old man'] bald eagle • 

Source(s):C&M 

nooké'ei'óó- • vai to have hair that is turning white • 


nookhoosé' • ni sagebrush, scientific name Artemisia spp. pl 

nookhooséii • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

Nookhoosinen • ni ['sage brush man'] a term for Northern 

Arapaho pl Nookhoosineno' Note: Hayden identifies this as 

one of the many bands of Arapahos, who lived "around the 

sources of the South Platte and the region of Pike's Peak, also 

northward to the Red Buttes on the North Platte" (1863:321). • 

Source(s):Hayden 1863, Curtis 1911, TA 

nooknih'óucoo' • ni ['white pepper'] white pepper • 


nookóe'éi- • vai to have white hair • Source(s):DCAU 

nookoheinooo • ni bucket • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nookohéi'i- • vai to fetch water, get water • Source(s):C&M 

nóókohóé • ni 1) water dipper 2) medicine switch 3) bucket • 

Source(s):C&M, Cowell ms 

nookóhowoo- • vai to dip something up for oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

nookohóókee • na ['white crazy man'] a dancer of higher degree in 

the hohookoowu' dance • Source(s):TA 

nóókohwóót • ni rabbit dance • Source(s):DCAU 

nookon- • pv all night, until dawn • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

nookoniibeit • na ['sings all night'] 1) hermit thrush 2) also used as 

a personal name • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nóókoniitén- • vti 1) to clear the way for s.t. 2) usher in s.t. (as in a 

ceremony) • Source(s):C&M 

nóóko3óni' • ni white tail feather of an eagle • Source(s):C&M 

nooko3onohóé • ni paycheck pl nooko3onohóeno • 


nóókox • na 1) white bear 2) polar bear • Source(s):DCAU 

nookoxóeén- • vti to fence off an area with willows • 

Source(s):C&M 

nookoyóuhu' • ni nickle, five cent coin • Source(s):DCAU 

nookó'eti- • vii to be a white cumulous cloud 3 changed 

nonookó'eti' 3 pl. pres. nonoonookó'eti'i • Source(s):LJC 

nookóóbe' • ni kaolin, white clay for ceremonial painting, white 

paint • Source(s):DCAU 

nóókookuu • 1) white plume 2) white mouse • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell ms 

nookoo3eines • ni green paint • Source(s):Cowell ms 

nookootisee- • vai get out of the way • Source(s):DCAU 

nóókooto'n- • vta to be facing s.o., opposite s.o. • 


nookóóx • na 1) cross 2) morning star obv. sg. nookóóxuu • 

Listen: nookóóx (WiC) • Source(s):TA, DCAU, LJC 

nooksiisiic • na ['white duck'] 1) swan 2) snow goose • 


nóóku • na 1) cottontail rabbit, or used for rabbits generally 2) 

hare pl nóókuho' obv. sg. nóókuo Note: Rabbits are associated 

with the Rabbit Lodge, a part of the Sun Dance. • Listen: 

nóóku (LD) , nóókuho' (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

nookubéi'ci3e' • ni ['white metal'] silver • Source(s):DCAU 

nookubee3ei • na 1) white owl 2) used figuratively to refer to 

snowy weather or frost • Source(s):ALKms, Cowell ms 

48 

nookuhisei • na ['white woman'] the pledger of the woman's 

Buffalo dance • Source(s):TA 

nookuhoowu' • ni Rabbit Lodge • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

nookuhsoo • na young rabbit • Source(s):DCAU 

nookunoo'óó- • vii to turn white, become white 3 changed 

nonookunoo'óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

nóókusee3 • ni ['white pine'] lodgepole pine tree, scientific name 

Pinus contorta • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nóóku3e'ineehihi' • na ['white winged bird'] 1) mockingbird 2) 

lark bunting • Source(s):DCAU 

nookuwuno • ni ['white berries'] silverberry, scientific name 

Elaeagnus commutata • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nooku'éi- • vai to be pale • Source(s):DCAU 

nooku'uusii • ni rabbitbrush, scientific name Chrysothamnus spp. 

• Source(s):JAC 2005 

nóokuusebéi- • vai to own a white horse • Source(s):C&M 

noon • ni egg pl nóóno • Source(s):DCAU 

noonoeseihoo • ni fly brush (made from the tail of a buffalo) • 


noonóh'oxoo- • vai to leap (as in a deer) • Source(s):DCAU 

noononóutóósi- • vai to be coiled up, e.g. a snake 3 changed 

nonóononóutóósi' • Source(s):Cowell ms, ZS 

nóónonóxoo3ih- • vta to torture s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nóonono'oenih'ohuut- • vti to fly or soar in a circular direction 

around some thing or place • Source(s):C&M 

nóononoo'ih'ohuut- • vti to fly or soar in circles about s.t. • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóononóó'oo- • vai to fly in circles, to soar in circles (e.g. a bird) • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóónonóó'oo- • vai to glide 3 changed nonóónonóó'oot • 


nóononóó'ootii- • vai to fly in circles around a thing or place, to 

soar in circles around a thing or place • Source(s):C&M 

nóononóó'ooton- • vta to fly in circles around s.o., to soar in 

circles around s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nóonóxowuuhu' • adv suddenly, implies a violent event • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóonóxoo • particle one by one, each in its turn • Source(s):C&M 

nóónoyootééyei'i- • vai (a spider) to weave a web • 


noonóócohout • ni toothpick • Source(s):DCAU 

noonoo'oekóóhu- • vai to run around • Source(s):DCAU 

noonoo'óééyookuu • ni warbonnet pl noonoo'óééyookuu'u • 


noonsóó' • ni 1) chaos 2) confusion 3) mess, disorder • 


nóooxunéihii • na speaker, person who is speaking • 


nóooxunéé- • vai to announce something publicly • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóooxunóóhu' • vii it has been announced • Source(s):C&M 

nóooxunóótiini' • vii it has been announced publicly • 

Source(s):C&M 

nooó' • particle in a remote place • Source(s):DCAU 

nooo'usee- • vai to go to a remote place • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

noosoo' • ni ?tinder, plant used for tinder • Source(s):JAC 2005 

nóót- • vti to leave s.t. behind, walk away from s.t. • 


noo3- • vta 1) to leave s.o. behind 2) to abandon s.o. 3:3' changed 

nonoo3óót • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nóó3ib- • vta to leave s.o. behind, as when going away from them


noo3ikobee- • vai to be tough • Source(s):DCAU 

nóo3inoo'oo- • vai to have gotten used to something or someone • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóo3iiton- • vta to be or get accustomed to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

nóó3sei- • vai to have many children, many offspring 3 changed 

nonóó3seit Note: Refers especially to an animal, e.g. a dog. • 

Listen: nonóó3seit (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nóó3toowoot- • vti to omit s.t., leave s.t. out • Source(s):DCAU 

nooteinóóni- • vii to be loud, make a loud noise 3 changed 

nonooteinóóni' • Source(s):DCAU 

nóótesei'i- • vai to flee in fright, to run away in fright 3 changed 

nonóóteseiit • Source(s):DCAU 

noote'eisib- • vta to slam s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

noote'eistii- • vai to slam something • Source(s):DCAU 

nóótouh'u- • vii to be expensive • Source(s):DCAU 

nóótoxéihi- • vai to be filthy • Source(s):DCAU 

nóótoxuuni- • vai to work hard • Source(s):DCAU 

nootooku'oo- • vai to stare • Source(s):LJC 

nootoosóó- • vii to rain heavily 3 changed nonootoosóó' • 


noow- • pv down • Source(s):LJC 

Noowo3ineehee'ene • na one of the five 'sub-tribes' identified by 

Kroeber • Source(s):TA 

noowube'éi'i • ni (pl.) fragrant sumac, scientific name Rhus 

aromatica • Source(s):JAC 2005 

Nóówunén • na ['Southern man'] Southern Arapaho man pl 

Nóówunénnó' • Listen: Nóówunénnó' (ZM) • Source(s):TA, 

DCAU 

Nóówunóno'ei • na Southern Arapaho • Source(s):C&M 

noowuuhu' • adv 1) down, downward 2) South, used especially to 

refer to Oklahoma by Northern Arapahos • Listen: noowuuhu' 

(ZM) • Source(s):ALKms, LJC 

noowuukóó- • vii to be down in the brush • Source(s):C&M 

nóoxcitii- • vai to dig a hole with hands or feet 3 changed 

nonooxcitiit • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nóoxéihi- • vai to make tracks, leave tracks or footprints 3 

changed nonooxeihit • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nooxéihi' • adv 1) maybe, perhaps 2) probably • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

nóoxeihiit • ni a path, tracks • Source(s):C&M 

nooxeis- • vti to make a mark on s.t. • Source(s):LJC 

nooxeisé- • vii to be marked 3 changed nonooxéisé' • 


nooxóbe' • na frog pl nooxóbei'i obv. sg. nooxóbei'i obv. pl. 

nooxóbei'i Note: TA:58 • Source(s):DCAU 

nooxóh- • vti to dig s.t. (e.g. a hole) • Source(s):DCAU 

nooxóhei- • vai to dig, especially a hole • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

nooxóheen- • vta to take vengeance on s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

nooxohéénowóó- • vai to take vengeance • Source(s):DCAU 

nooxowóuhut • na watermelon pl nóóxowoohu3i' • 


nooxoyes- • vta to notch s.o. • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

nooxóyesi- • vii to be marked by a notch 3 changed nonooxóyesi' 


nooxóyoti- • vii to be marked, notched 3 changed nonooxóyoti' • 


nooxoyóx- • vti to make a notch in s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

nooxookóónee' • vii there is a hole made by water, the ground was 

washed out by water • Source(s):C&M 

nooxunéihii • na master of ceremonies • Source(s):DCAU 

49 

nooxuneihii • na announcer, crier • Source(s):LJC 

nooxunee- • vai 1) to shout 2) speak loudly as when announcing 

something • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'éici3- • vta to lead an animal by rope up to a place • 


noo'éici3- • vta to lead an animal by a rope or leash • 


nóó'eiyéi- • vai to drive (a car) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

noo'één- • vta to rotate s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'één- • vti to rotate s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'oece'eekuu- • vai run around in circles, like a knot (e.g. a 

bunch of kids) 3 changed nonoo'oece'eekuut • Source(s):LJC 

noo'oekuu3- • vta to make s.o. go around • Source(s):LJC 

noo'oekuu3oot • ni poker (in cards) • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'óén- • vti to move s.t. around or about, as in a circle • 

Source(s):C&M 

nóó'oeniihiineetó'osibeti- • vai to exhaust oneself by running 

around a place • Source(s):C&M 

nóó'oenotnoo'éini- • vai to look all around, in all directions for 

something (as a guard) • Source(s):C&M 

noo'óee- • pv around (a spot), in circles • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

noo'óeekóóhu- • vai 1) to run around a place 2) to circle around a 

place • Source(s):C&M 

noo'óeekóókuuhéi- • vai to ride around a place • Source(s):C&M 

noo'óeeniihi' • adv around • Source(s):C&M 

noo'óeeniikohéi- • vai to ride around s.t., encircle s.t. • 

Source(s):C&M 

noo'óeetóukuhu- • vii to be tied up all around an area or place • 

Source(s):C&M 

noo'óééyoó • ni tripe • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'oheicénee • na quail pl noo'oheicéneeno' • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'oohetiit • ni massacre • Source(s):DCAU 

noo'unoo'oo' • ni flood • Source(s):DCAU 

nuhu' • particle this, inanimate demonstrative pl nuhu'uunóh • 

Listen: nuhu'uunoh (ZM) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

nuhu'uunóh • particle this one • Source(s):DCAU 

nuhu'uusi' • today • Source(s):DCAU 

S 

sebeyén- • vti to aim at s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

sebeyóhoéé • ni gun sight • Source(s):DCAU 

sebeyoohóó3ei- • vai to aim at s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

seh- • pv from here to there (used for seeing, not motion) • 


séihiwox • na wolverine • Source(s):Cowell ms 

seihon • na weasel Note: Possibly the diminutive is used -seihonéhe' 

(DCAU). • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

séi3eti- • vai to wet oneself • Source(s):DCAU 

sei'kuu3éi- • vai to play cards • Source(s):LJC 

sei'kuu3óó • ni playing card pl sei'kuu3óóno • Source(s):LJC 

sei'óóbe- • vai to wet the bed 3 changed senei'óóbe' • 


sei'3e'iwoo3ii- • vai to spread one's wings • Source(s):DCAU 

sei'3éé3oo • ni palm of hand • Source(s):DCAU 

seiikóóhu- • vai to urinate Note: Used by women • 


séiit • ni urine • Source(s):DCAU 

senéi'owuu3eet • ni mariposa lily, scientific name Calochortus 

gunnisonii • Source(s):JAC 2005 

seniicénkoo' • ni ['leaves falling'] November • Source(s):DCAU 

seséihi- • vai to be mean, ill-tempered 3 changed seeséiht •


seséisinohuuhéi- • vai to ride on a horse at a trot • Source(s):C&M 

sesiicebiihihi' • na chickadee • Source(s):C&M 

sesiihi- • vai to be eager • Source(s):DCAU 

sesiini'oo- • vai to ache • Source(s):LJC 

sesiinóókowuu- • vai to be in pain • Source(s):LJC 

sesiinóókowuut • ni rheumatism • Source(s):DCAU 

sesiisnooku'oo- • vai to squint • Source(s):DCAU 

séskout • na oriole pl seskoutówuu obv. sg. seskoutówuu obv. pl. 

seskoutówuu • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

seskouutiinii'éihii • na dipper (bird) • Source(s):Cowell ms 

seskóuutówuu'éihii • na dipper (bird) • Source(s):Cowell ms 

seyeineeceenóhoe- • vai to pledge something in a traditional 

manner • Source(s):DCAU 

seyéinoh'óóke- • vii to be just before dawn, before it gets light • 

Source(s):C&M 

séyoun- • vta to crush s.o. by hand, squash s.o., squeeze s.o. • 


séyoun- • vti to squash s.t. with one's hand • Source(s):DCAU 

séyóunob- • vti to crush s.t. by hand, mash s.t., squeeze s.t. • 


séyou'on- • vta to squash s.o. with one's foot • Source(s):DCAU 

séyou'ow- • vti to crush s.t. by foot • Source(s):DCAU 

séyowcéi • na chewing gum • Source(s):DCAU 

seyow3ei- • vai to chew • Source(s):LJC 

seyóóko'onii- • vai to chew • Source(s):DCAU 

seyookóónetii- • vai to water something • Source(s):DCAU 

seyookóóno3éi- • vai to water (?e.g. plants) • Source(s):DCAU 

seyóot • ni marrow • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

se'béi'ci3e' • ni ['flat metal'] shovel, spade pl se'béi'ci3éi • 


se'béxo • ni ['flat wood'] (pl.) lumber • Source(s):DCAU 

sé'ciinén- • vti to lay s.t. down flat 

se'eicooo • ni ['flat pipe'] Flat Pipe • Source(s):TA 

se'éictoot • ni apron pl se'éictóótno • Source(s):DCAU 

se'éihi- • vai to be flat • Listen: hoho'nóókee heebe3se'éiht (LD) • 

Source(s):LJC 

se'eihtee- • vai 1) to have flat feet 2) to have webbed feet 3 

changed see'eihteet • Source(s):Cowell ms 

se'éihtoo • ni sole (of the foot) pl se'éihtoono • Source(s):DCAU 

se'esine- • vai to be lying down, lying flat 3 changed see'isine' • 


sé'esiinoo'oo- • vai to have laid down, be laid out • 

Source(s):C&M 

se'ésoonéé- • vai to slice meat • Source(s):DCAU 

se'éé- • vii to be flat 3 changed see'éé' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

se'ibes • ni board, plank pl sé'ibéxo • Source(s):DCAU 

se'nóoó • ni plate pl se'noonó • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

se'nooonéhe' • ni ['little flat vessel'] saucer • Source(s):DCAU 

se'tebi'eih- • vta to slap s.o. 3:3' changed see'tebi'éihoot • 


seencéi • ni petrolium jelly, Vaseline • Source(s):DCAU 

seenéihi- • vai 1) to be soft 2) (a tire) to be flat 3 changed 

seneenéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

seenéi'oxuu3eet • ni scientific name Calochortus gunnisonii • 


seeniwo' • na lizard pl seeniwou'u obv. sg. seeniwou'u obv. pl. 

seeniwou'u Note: TA:58 • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

séénook • ni 1) rope, lariat 2) a long scarf worn in the Dog Lodge 

ceremony pl séénookuu obv. sg. séénookuu obv. pl. 

séénookuu • Listen: séénook (WiC) • Source(s):TA, DCAU, 

50 

LJC 

see3céi • ni pine pitch, pine resin, pine sap • Source(s):DCAU 

sée3ibino' • ni ['pine berries'] berries or cones of pine or juniper 

trees, scientific names Juniperus communis, Sabina spp., Pinus 

spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

see3iinii'éihii • na ['pine bird'] clark's nutcracker, gray jay • 


see'iini3eet • na ['it has flat horns'] moose • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell ms 

see'ii3éét • na 'its nose is flat' pig pl see'ii3éé3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

see'3iixohu' • ni 1) flat surface nailed on to something 2) 

sheetrock • Source(s):DCAU 

siteekuu3oo • ni match (for igniting fire) Note: Used in Oklahoma 

Arapaho. • Source(s):LJC 

sii- • proclitic intensifier, really, a lot, very • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

sii- • pv very, really 

siicen- • vta to unfold s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

siicén- • vti to unfold s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

siiceneewóxu' • ni yucca, scientific name Yucca glauca, probably 

other Yucca spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

siico'óuhu- • vai to stretch out and lie down 

siikoocéin- • vta to stretch s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

siikoocéin- • vti to stretch s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

siikooceiikuu3oo • ni rubber band pl siikooceiikuu3oono • 


siinceneewoxu' • ni yucca • Source(s):DCAU 

siininee- • vai to take things away (e.g. from an enemy) • 

Source(s):C&M 

siisincoo- • vii to be sour 3 changed seniisincoo' • 


siisiic • na duck pl siisiicii Note: Archaic. • Source(s):DCAU 

siisiikó' • na duck pl siisiikóu'uu • Source(s):DCAU 

siisiiy • na 1) gourd 2) rattle (traditionally made of a gourd) pl 

siisiiyonó' obv. sg. siisiiyon • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

siisiiyei • na snake pl siisiiyeino' obv. sg. siisiiyein • 


siisiiyeibiis • ni ['snake bush'] greasewood, scientific name 

Sarcobatus vermiculatus • Source(s):JAC 2005 

siisiiyeibii3hiit • ni ['snake food'] ?locoweed, ?crazyweed, 

scientific name Oxytrophis spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

siisiiyeinóxu' • ni ['snake medicine'] a plant, possibly aster, 

scientific name Asteraceae • Source(s):ALKms, JAC 2005 

siisoowoo • na tobacco, scientific name Nicotiana attenuata obv. 

sg. siisoowoon • Source(s):DCAU 

siiwonéi- • vai to ice skate • Source(s):DCAU 

siiyeinóóni- • vii to be too noisy, loud 3 changed seniiyeinóóni' • 


siiyon • ni 1) rocks 2) a rocky area 3) (pl.) pebbles, sand, gravel pl 

siiyonó loc siiyoniiÕ , siiyonó (LD) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

sii'ehwo'oyóó • ni boiled meat • Source(s):DCAU 

sii'eihcénoo'óó- • vai to jump into water, dive in to water • 


sii'ih- • pv motion into water • Source(s):LJC-philological, LJC 

sii'ihéiton- • vta to put something in water (to cook or boil) for s.o. 


sii'ihinowusee- • vai to walk out of sight into the water • 

Source(s):C&M 

sii'ihkuu3éihi • vai to be thrown into water • Source(s):C&M 

sii'ihwó'oyei- • vai to put something into a pot or kettle to cook or 

boil • Source(s):C&M 

sii'iihéisee- • vai to go into water or onto ice • Source(s):C&M

sii'ohwó'oyeinooó • ni pot • Source(s):DCAU 

sósoni' • na Shoshone person pl sosoni'ii • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

sósoni'isei • na Shoshone woman • Source(s):DCAU 

sosoni'iinén • na Shoshone man • Source(s):DCAU 

sósoni'iiteen • na Shoshone tribe • Source(s):DCAU 

so'oo3óó • ni 1) tablecloth, mat 2) carpet, rug pl so'oo3óóno • 


só'ootéé- • vii to be flat, arranged in a flat way, lie flat • 

Source(s):C&M 

sóo3óó- • vii to be dirty 3 changed sonóo3óó' • Listen: sonóo3óó' 


sóotéihi- • vai to be dirty, messy 3 changed sonóotéiht Note: Used 

to refer to a baby with a soiled diaper. • Listen: sonóotéiht 


sóótoowu- • vii (water) to be murky 3 changed sonóótoowu' • 


sóóxee • exclamation let's go! • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

soo'oééx- • vti to slice s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

soo'to'onéét • na ['wide-brimmed hat'] Quaker pl soo'to'onéé3i' 

obv. sg. soo'to'onééni3 obv. pl. soo'to'onééni3i • 


T 

-t • suffix 3s pronominal suffix, vai realis conjugation 

tebéin- • vta to rub s.o., massage s.o. 3:3' changed teebéinóót • 


tébes- • vta to cut s.o. off, saw s.o. off • Source(s):DCAU 

tébe3éih- • vti to hack s.t. off • Source(s):C&M 

tebéx- • vti to cut s.t. off, saw s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

tebexónee- • vai to be sawing • Source(s):DCAU 

tebexónoo • ni saw (tool) pl tebexónoono • Source(s):DCAU 

tebé'ei- • vai 1) to be broken off at the head 2) to have the top 

broken off • Source(s):C&M 

tebe'eibee3ei • na ['broken necked owl'] prairie owl, burrowing 

owl • Source(s):Cowell ms 

tebe'éis- • vti to cut someone's head off • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tebe'éis- • vta to cut s.o.'s head off • Source(s):LJC 

tébi- • vii 1) to be deep (e.g. water, snow) 2) to be full 3 changed 

téébi' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tebikuutii- • vai to break something • Source(s):ALKms 

tebiiineeci' • vii (snow) is deep teebiiineeci' • Source(s):LJC 

tebiiinoo' • vii [snow] is deep 3 changed teebiiinoo' • 


tebii3oobiis • ni 'cut nose bush' a tree or shrub which produced a 

walnut worn by children for good luck • Source(s):JAC 2005 

tecén- • vti to roll s.t. (e.g. a cigarette) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tecénoo • na, ni door, gate pl tecénoonó, tecénoonó' obv. sg. 

tecénoon • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tecenóóne' • ni doorway, area around the door • Source(s):DCAU 

téce' • ni night pl téce'ii • Source(s):DCAU 

tece'iini- • vii to be night 3 changed teece'iini' • Source(s):DCAU 

tece'iini'éhk • particle tonight • Source(s):DCAU 

téce'iiniihi' • adv at night, as if at nighttime • Source(s):C&M 

téce'iiniini- • vii to be as if nighttime • Source(s):C&M 

téceenéét- • vti to guess s.t., try to figure s.t. out, calculate s.t. in 

one's mind • Source(s):C&M 

tecinihii- • vai to compare things with s.o. else, compare two 

things • Source(s):C&M 

técitoo- • vai to roll over • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tecó'on- • pv always • Source(s):C&M 

51 

tecó'oniihi' • adv always, all the time • Source(s):C&M 

teicóó- • vii to be tough (e.g. wood) • Source(s):DCAU 

tei3nén • na midget pl tei3nénnó' • Source(s):DCAU 

téi3neniteenó' • na midgets • Source(s):DCAU 

teitóóx • na Shetland pony pl teitóóxebii • Source(s):DCAU 

tei'- • pv strong 

tei'bi- • vai to have lice • Source(s):Cowell ms 

téi'éihi- • vai to be strong • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'einóehi- • vai to be strong, physically fit • Source(s):DCAU 

tei'ihcehiit- • vti to jerk s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

tei'iniihi- • vai to pull • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'iit- • vti to stand up to a test through strength, be strong enough 

to pass a test • Source(s):C&M 

téi'iitowoo- • vai to be strong enough to obtain something for 


téi'óuuwuheti- • vai to feel strong • Source(s):C&M 

téi'oxoeh- • vai to be tough (e.g. wood) • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'oxu'wunee • ni 'strong root' • Source(s):JAC 2005 

téi'oo- • vii to be strong • Source(s):C&M 

téi'oocéihi- • vai (a rope or rope-like object) to be strong • Listen: 

tenéi'oocéiht (WiC) • Source(s):C&M 

tei'óówu- • vii to be strong liquid (e.g. coffee, tea) 3 changed 

tenei'óówu' • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'oo' • vii it makes a noise • Source(s):C&M 

téi'3i'óku- • vai to sit strongly, to continue sitting in the face of 

harassment • Source(s):C&M 

tei'tii- • vai to reinforce something • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'toun- • vta to hold on to s.o. strongly • Source(s):C&M 

téi'toononóh'oehihi' • na a young person on the boundary between 

childhood and boyhood, less than twelve • Source(s):C&M 

téi'yoonbétee • ni ['child heart'] child's heart • Source(s):C&M 

tei'yoonéhe' • na child, infant pl tei'yoonóh'o' • Listen: 

tei'yoonóh'o' (ZM) • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

téi'yoonehihi' • na baby, small child • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'yoonii- • vai to be a child • Source(s):LJC 

téi'yooniinóóni- • vai to be emotionally immature, childish 3 

changed téi'yooniinóóni' • Source(s):DCAU 

téi'yoonoo3- • vta 1) to treat s.o. like a child 2) to to pamper s.o. • 


téi'yoonootéihi- • vai to be emotionally immature, childish 3 

changed téi'yoonootéihit • Source(s):DCAU 

teiise- • vii to be breezy 3 changed teneiise' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

teiitoonéihi- • vai 1) to be quiet 2) to sit still 3) to be well behaved 

3 changed teneitoonéiht • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

téiitoonéihi- • vai to be quiet, calm, still • Source(s):C&M 

téiitooniihi' • adv quietly, in a quiet way • Source(s):C&M 

téiitooniine'étii- • vai to live quietly, live calmly Note: Elders 

generally live in a 'quiet, calm' manner. • Source(s):C&M 

téiitooyéékuu- • vai to stand calmly, quietly • Source(s):C&M 

téiitooyóó- • vii to be calm, still, quiet • Source(s):C&M 

teiitooyóó- • vii to be quiet 3 changed teneitooyóó' • 


téii'iikohéi- • vai to ride a horse calmly or quietly • 

Source(s):C&M 

tekooceiyoó • ni tape measure • Source(s):DCAU 

tékooninéihii • na raccoon pl tékoonineehiiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

tenéitoonéiht • na virgin • Source(s):DCAU 

tenéii'iihi' • adv just right, right on, exactly • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

tenééteexóó3eit • na general, high ranking military officer • 

Source(s):DCAU

tes- • pv very • Source(s):DCAU 

tese'éihi- • vai to know a lot, to be very knowledgable • 

Source(s):LJC 

tesinoo'óó- • vai to twitch • Source(s):DCAU 

tesni'cóó- • vii to taste very good • Source(s):LJC 

tesnohkuseic • particle very early in the morning • 


tesókeciihih- • vai to be tiny, very small 3 changed teesókeciihiht 


tesókecóuhu- • vii to be tiny, very small 3 changed teesókecóuhu' 


te3esine- • vai to do one's share in some task • Source(s):C&M 

té3oucénii • ni ['crane/heron turnip'] a sweet edible root • 


teteesih- • vta to treat s.o. in a friendly manner, treat s.o. politely • 

Source(s):C&M 

tetééso'óó- • vai to act in a friendly manner • Source(s):C&M 

tetéesó'ooton- • vta to do something in a friendly manner for s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

teyéih- • vta to embarass s.o. 3:3' changed teeyéihoot • 


teyeihei- • vai to be ashamed for someone • Source(s):DCAU 

teyeihi- • vai to be ashamed • Source(s):AD (Arapaho Dialects) 

te'ceeci- • vii to be snowing and melting • Source(s):Cowell ms 

te'ci'oo- • vii to be melting, thawing • Source(s):DCAU 

te'ci'oo- • vai to melt, thaw • Source(s):DCAU 

té'etinoo'oo- • vai to have one's mouth hanging open • 

Source(s):C&M 

té'etneekóóhu- • vai to open one's mouth quickly • 

Source(s):C&M 

té'etoneti- • vai to open one's mouth for s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

te'éé- • vii to be greasy 3 changed tee'éé' • Source(s):DCAU 

téébe • particle just now, just in time • Source(s):DCAU, LJCphilological 

teebecéébii'ouhut • na newborn • Source(s):DCAU 

téébehiihi' • adv 1) just in time 2) just now • Source(s):LJC 

teebi3e'ineenoo' • ni vest • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

téébiicéso'o' • na Big Dipper • Source(s):DCAU 

téécxo' • particle long ago • Listen: téécxo' (ZM) • 


teekó'- • vti 1) to fit s.t. (e.g. clothes) 2) to be ready or suited for 

s.t. (e.g. a power) • Source(s):C&M 

teenéihi- • vai to be sad • Source(s):DCAU 

teenéi3ibeti- • vai (horses) to neigh or whinny back and forth to 

each other • Source(s):C&M 

teenéi'oo- • vai 1) to look sad 2) to frown 3 changed teneenéi'oot • 


teenoku- • vai 1) to sit sadly 2) to be sad, depressed, down • 

Source(s):LJC, ZS 

tees- • pv 1) on top of 2) very, most • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

teesciinén- • vti to put s.t. down on top of something • 

Source(s):LJC 

teesciiyei'i- • vai to step up • Source(s):DCAU 

teesihcehéino'oowu' • ni railroad station, train station • 


teesihcehi- • vai to get on to something rapidly, jump on top of 


teesiko'ós- • vai to fall on top of something and hit it 3 changed 

teneesiko'ósi' • Source(s):C&M 

teesisee- • vai 1) to get on something, get on top of something 2) 

to mount a horse 3) to get in something (e.g. a car) • 

52 


teesi' • adv on top • Source(s):DCAU 

teesiihi' • adv on top of • Source(s):ALKms, LJC 

teesnókohu- • vai to sleep on top of something • Source(s):C&M 

teesokéeekóni' • vii cross a river on top (of ice) as a group • 

Source(s):C&M 

tees3i'óku- • vai to sit on top of something • Source(s):C&M 

téetékooninéihii • na raccoon • Source(s):AD (Arapaho Dialects), 

Cowell ms 

téétee • where is (s.o.)? • Source(s):C&M 

teexciinén- • vti to put s.t. down on top of something • 

Source(s):C&M 

teexó- • vai to ride (e.g. in a vehicle) • Source(s):LJC 

teexóku- • vai to ride (e.g. a horse or in a vehicle) • 


tééxokuuniihi' • adv on horseback • Source(s):C&M 

tééxokuunóóx • na saddle horse pl tééxokuunóóxebii • 


teexokuut • na saddle horse, riding horse pl teexokuutono' obv. sg. 

teexokuuton • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

teexouuhu- • vai to climb up on to something • Source(s):LJC 

tééxo'oowu' • ni upstairs room • Source(s):DCAU 

tééxoot- • vta to load things onto s.o. (animate object) • 

Source(s):C&M 

teexóó3ei'i- • vai to have things upon oneself (e.g. a soldier 

adorned with medals) 

tih- • pv when (imperfective), since • Source(s):C&M 

tihceciiniini' • particle last year • Source(s):DCAU 

tihii • ni tail pl tihiino 3 poss. hitihii • Listen: tihii (WaC) • 


tih'ii- • pv past habitual, whenever • Source(s):C&M 

tih'iisiini' • ni yesterday • Source(s):DCAU 

ti'iihii • na killdeer pl ti'iihiiho' 

ti'iihiinen • na Apache person pl ti'iihiihinenno' • 


tiit- • vti to be afraid of s.t., fear s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

tiitiicéi'ii • ni moss • Source(s):DCAU 

tii'en- • vta to touch s.o. (e.g. to get their attention) • 


toco'on- • pv frequently, often 

toco'oniihi' • adv frequently, often • Source(s):DCAU 

tóe'sóh'owuun- • vta to make a sign to s.o. to stop doing 


toeese- • vii to be cold and breezy, there is a cold breeze 3 

changed tonoeese' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

toh- • pv when, because, after • Source(s):ZS, C&M 

tohuu- • pv when, because, after (habitual aspect) • 

Source(s):C&M 

tohuucis- • pv how far, how long (interrogative) • Source(s):C&M 

tohuu3éi'- • pv to what degree (interrogative) • Source(s):C&M 

tohuutox- • pv how many (interrogative) • Source(s):C&M 

tohuutox- • pv how many times? • Source(s):C&M 

toh'et- • pv was supposed to • Source(s):C&M 

toh'uubeihii • na mosquito pl toh'uubeehiiho' obv. sg. toh'uubeihio 


tokóh- • vti 1) to measure s.t. 2) to survey s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

tokóh- • vta to measure s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

tokóhoé • ni ruler pl tokóhoéno • Source(s):DCAU 

tókohu- • vai to flee, to run away 3 changed tóókohut • 

Source(s):DCAU

tokohuu3ei- • vai 1) to stampede 2) to win (e.g. a basketball 

game) by a large margin 3 pl. changed tookohuu3ei3i' • 


tokó'- • vti to measure out a distance by stride or pace • 


toko'óó • ni pace, measure • Source(s):DCAU 

tokoohóót- • vti to measure s.t. by looking at it, estimate a 

measurement by sight • Source(s):LJC 

tokookeihi' • ni shield • Source(s):Cowell ms 

tokóóxuunéi'ooku'oo- • vai to look over or across a thing or place 


tokóóxuuniihi' • adv across, on the other side • Listen: 

tokóóxuuniihi' (WiC) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

tokooxuunokeéee- • vai to wade across • Source(s):LJC 

tonci3- • vta have sex with s.o. Note: Vulgar. • Source(s):DCAU 

toncitii- • vai to drill a hole • Source(s):DCAU 

tonen- • vti to pierce a hole in s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

tones- • vta to pierce a hole in s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

tóne'eih- • vta to cut or knock a hole in s.o.'s head • 

Source(s):C&M 

toneeniiwoo • ni nostril pl toneeniiwoono 3 poss. hitoneeniiwoo • 


tónohou3éihii • na ['hole maker'] woodpecker, esp. hairy or 

downy woodpeckers • Listen: tónohou3éihii (LD) • 


tónohou3óo • ni ice pick • Source(s):DCAU 

tonotiini' • vii there is a hole • Source(s):C&M 

tonóun- • vta to use s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

tonóun- • vti to use s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

tonoxtééni' • vii 1) there is a cave, there is an opening in the earth 

2) there is a meadow or clearing in the forest 3) there is a 

tundra area beyond the forest • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

tono'óh- • vta to puncture s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

tono'óh- • vti to puncture s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

tóno'wuuhee- • vai to dig a hole in the ground • Source(s):C&M 

tóno'wuuheeniini' • vii there is a hole there (e.g. a cellar, a cave, or 

some other enclosed space) • Source(s):C&M 

tóno'wuuhowóótiini' • vii a hole is/has been dug out there • 

Source(s):C&M 

tonooxóhei- • vai to dig a hole • Source(s):DCAU 

tónooxóhoé • ni auger pl tónooxóhoééno • Source(s):DCAU 

to3ih- • vta to follow s.o., stay close to s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

to3itii- • vai to follow something (e.g. a course, a road, a river) • 

Source(s):LJC 

toteekuutii- • vai to tear something • Source(s):DCAU 

toteen- • vta to tear s.o. (anim. obj.) 

totoub- • vta 1) to dissuade s.o., to talk s.o. out of something 2) to 

rebuke s.o., scold s.o., correct s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tótoos • proclitic even, even if, not even • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

touhóo • na cowboy pl touhoonó' • Source(s):DCAU 

touhóóno'óh • ni boot pl touhóóno'óhno • Source(s):DCAU 

tóukóus- • vai to stay in the shade 3 changed tonóukóusi' • 

Source(s):C&M 

toukousé- • vii to be shady 3 changed tonoukousé' • 


toukoyóó- • vii to be shady 3 changed tonoukoyóó' • 


toukoohóe • ni 1) lean-to 2) shade (type of shelter) pl 

toukoohóeno • Listen: toukoohéé (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

53 

toukóóhowoot • ni 1) lean-to 2) porch 3) umbrella • 


tóukuhu- • vai 1) to be tied up 2) to be in jail 3 changed 

tonóukuhut • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

toukuhuuhuu • na prisoner pl toukuhuhuuho' • Source(s):DCAU 

tóukuhuuno'oowu' • ni jail, penitentiary, prison • Source(s):DCAU 

tóuku3- • vta to tie s.o. up 3:3' changed tonouku3oot • 


touku3eibéi'ci3é'i • ni chain • Source(s):DCAU 

touku3éihii • na police officer pl touku3eihiiho' • 


tóuku3eti- • vai 1) to tie oneself up 2) to tie something to oneself • 

Source(s):C&M 

touku3óó- • vii to be tangled 3 changed tonouku3óó' • 


tóukutii- • vai to tie something up • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

toukutooceisi- • vai to be tangled 3 changed tonoukutooceisi' • 


tóukutóóxobéi- • vai to tie up horses • Source(s):C&M 

toun- • vti to hold s.t. 3:3' changed tonounó' • Listen: tonóunowoo 


toun- • vta to hold s.o. 3:3' changed tonóunoot • Source(s):DCAU 

tóuninee- • vai 1) to count coup on an enemy 2) to capture an 

enemy 3) to defeat or kill an enemy • Source(s):DCAU 

tóuninoo3- • vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy • 


tous • particle well then, so then, okay then • Source(s):C&M 

tóus- • pv what, how (interrogative) • Source(s):C&M 

tous • exclamation hello Note: Used by women or by men when 

addressing a woman. • Source(s):DCAU 

tóusébi- • vai 1) to swim 2) to take a bath, bathe • 


tóusebiino'óówu' • ni bathroom • Source(s):LJC 

tóusebiixohéi- • vai to be taken to bathe • Source(s):C&M 

touse3óo • ni pouch or bag for tobacco, pipe, porcupine quills, etc. 

pl touse3oono • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

touse'eneihi- • vai to be baptized 3 changed tonouse'eneiht • 

Source(s):LJC 

tousiihi' • adv how • Source(s):DCAU 

tousiihi' • particle which way? • Source(s):DCAU 

tóusoo • vii how is it? • Source(s):C&M 

tousooti' • particle why? • Source(s):DCAU 

tóu3é'eikuu3- • vta to give s.o. a gift ceremonially • 

Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

tóu3é'eikuutii- • vai to give a gift ceremonially • Source(s):Cowell 

p.c. 

tóu3é'ein- • vta to give s.o. a gift ceremonially • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

tóu3ee- • pv why (interrogative) • Source(s):C&M 

tóu3eenéét- • vti what does (s.o.) think of s.t.? • Source(s):C&M 

tou3eeniihi' • particle why? • Source(s):DCAU 

tóuyoo • ni cup pl tóuyoono • Source(s):DCAU 

tóu'- • pv when (interrogative) • Source(s):C&M 

tóu'cihiit • ni diaper pl tóu'cihiitono • Source(s):DCAU 

tou'ci3- • vta to stop s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

tóu'kuu3éi'i- • vai to stop quickly or suddenly 3 changed 

tóu'kuu3éi'it • Source(s):C&M 

tou'kuutii- • vai to turn something off (e.g. water) • 


tou'uhcehi- • vai to stop suddenly • Source(s):C&M 

tou'uuhu' • particle when • Source(s):DCAU

towonoxowoot • ni cutting of the hair over the forehead • 

Source(s):ALKms, TA 

towó'on- • vta to interrupt s.o., get in s.o.'s way 3:3' changed 

tóówo'noot • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

tówo'oni- • vii to be broken • Source(s):C&M 

towóónee- • vai to have a broken leg • Source(s):DCAU 

towóoxéisé' • vii 1) something is marked by breaking, a route or 

road has been made by breaking things (as in railroad 

construction) 2) a border is marked • Source(s):C&M 

toxoonineihii • na opossum • Source(s):AD (Arapaho Dialects), 

Cowell ms 

toxu'éihi- • vai 1) to be pointed 2) to be sharp 3 changed 

tooxu'éiht • Source(s):DCAU 

toxu'óh- • vti to sharpen s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

toxu'óó- • vii to be pointed, sharp 3 changed tooxu'óó' • 


tóxu'óónee- • vai to have a sharp leg • Source(s):ZS 

tóxu'óóxuhee- • vai to sharpen a knife • Source(s):C&M 

tóxu'use3óo • ni whetstone • Source(s):DCAU 

toxu'uuwuno' • ni (pl.) gooseberries, scientific name Ribes inerme, 

possibly other Ribes spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

toyéinóus(ine)- • vai to rest 3 changed tooyéinóusi' • 


toyeinou'óó- • vai to rest • Source(s):DCAU 

toyo3eese- • vii a cold wind to blow 3 changed tooyo3eese' • 


toyo3iisiini- • vii to be a cold day • Source(s):Cowell ms 

tóyo3óó- • vii to be cold 3 changed tooyo3óó' • Source(s):DCAU 

tóyouni- • vii to be autumn • Source(s):C&M 

tóyouniihi' • adv in the autumn • Source(s):C&M 

toyóu'uuwu- • vai to remember a lesson, learn something and keep 

it in mind • Source(s):C&M 

tóyo'sine- • vai to lie in the cold, sleep in the cold (without getting 

cold or freezing) • Source(s):C&M 

toyóób- • vta to bite s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

toyoobéé- • vii to be cool 3 changed tooyoobéé' • 


toyooceiyóoóno • ni 1) rein 2) a long scarf worn during the Dog 

Lodge ceremony pl toyooceiyóoóno • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

toyoohóób- • vta to wait for s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, ZS 

toyoohóót- • vti to wait for s.t. 

toyóow- • pv cold • Source(s):C&M 

toyoowkuu3- • vta to snap at s.o., bite s.o. • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

toyoowóó3oo • ni icebox, refrigerator • Source(s):DCAU 

toyóówusé3oo • ni icebox, refrigerator • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell 

p.c. 

toyoowu' • ni ice cream • Source(s):DCAU 

toyoowu' • vii the water is cold, there is cold water here • 


to'éihi- • vii to be short 3 changed too'éihit • Source(s):DCAU 

to'ób- • vta to hit s.o. 3:3' changed too'ówoot • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

to'ob- • vta to hit s.o., punch s.o., strike s.o. 3:3' changed 

too'ówoot • Source(s):DCAU 

tó'obeihi- • vai to be wide • Source(s):LJC 

tó'obéé- • vii to be wide 3 changed tóó'obéé' • Source(s):DCAU 

to'oee- • vii to be short 3 changed too'oee' • Source(s):DCAU 

to'ohuh- • vai to be short 3 changed too'ohuht • Listen: too'ohuht 

(WiC) • Source(s):DCAU 

to'ótoo • ni shorts • Source(s):DCAU 

54 

to'otoohéé- • vai to wear shorts • Source(s):DCAU 

to'oxón- • vta to kick s.o. 3:3' changed too'oxónoot • 


to'oxowooo • na medicine ball pl to'oxowooono' • 


to'óot- • vti to hit s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

tó'oo' • ni pistol, revolver pl to'oo'uu • Source(s):DCAU 

to'se3oo • ni die (as in dice) pl to'se3oono • Source(s):Cowell ms 

tó'see3 • ni juniper, scientific name Juniperus communis • 


to'ux- • vti to kick s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

to'uut • ni hammer pl to'uutno • Source(s):DCAU 

to'uu3eebexóókee • na ['short nosed mountain lion'] bobcat pl 

to'uu3eebexóókeeno' • Source(s):DCAU 

to'uu3i'eibexóókee • na ['short faced mountain lion'] bobcat • 


too- • pv almost • Source(s):C&M 

tóó- • vai to do • Source(s):C&M 

tóón- • pv indefiniteness, as in 'wherever,' 'whenever,' etc. • 


tóónei'iihi' • adv sometime, whenever • Source(s):C&M 

tooniihi' • adv almost • Listen: tooniihi' (LD) • Source(s):LJC 

tóónonitii- • vai 1) to hold on to something (figuratively) 2) to 

value something, cherish something • Source(s):C&M 

toonoti' • ni hole, opening pl toonoti'ii • Source(s):DCAU 

toonoxtééni' • ni meadow or clearing in a forest • 


toonoo'óó' • ni hoop pl tonoo'óu'u • Source(s):DCAU 

toot- • pv where (interrogative) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

too3- • pv close, near • Source(s):ZS 

too3iihi' • adv near, nearby, close to something • 


tootisee- • vai to go near a place • Source(s):C&M 

tootóu • vii where is it? • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

tootoxu'éihi- • vai to be prickly 3 changed tonootoxu'éiht • 


tootoxu'óó- • vii to be prickly 3 changed tonootoxu'óó' • 


tooto'oonee- • vai to have short legs • Source(s):DCAU 

tóótoocibino' • ni (pl.) grapes, scientific name Vitis spp. • 


toowunéihi- • vai to be insane 3 changed tonoowunéihit • 


toowu'ei- • vai to have a broad, flat face • Source(s):C&M 

tóóxu'óókuteet • na ['it has sharp teeth'] wolverine • 


tóóxu'óó' • ni ['it is sharp'] 1) phlox, scientific name Phlox spp. 2) 

thistle, scientific name Cirsium spp., probably Cirsium edule 

pl tóóxu'óu'u • Source(s):JAC 2005 

tooyéinee- • vai to scream, holler (involuntarily, as when in pain) 


tooyeinéétii- • vai to be screaming on and on, make screaming or 

hollering noises • Source(s):DCAU 

tooyéit- • vti to scream, holler (involuntarily) • Source(s):C&M 

tóóyeitéé' • vii there is screaming, one can hear screaming 

tooyéito- • vai to yelp • Source(s):DCAU 

tooyéitoh'- • vta to make s.o. scream or holler involuntarily • 

Source(s):C&M 

tóóyouni- • vii to be fall, autumn • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

tooyo'óénoo' • ni pliers • Source(s):DCAU 

too'én- • vti to stop s.t. • Source(s):DCAU

too'enowuun- • vta to force s.o. to stop doing something • 

Source(s):C&M 

too'uhcehi- • vai to stop running, stop short • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

too'uhohu- • vai to stop flying • Source(s):DCAU 

too'usee- • vai to stop walking • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

3 

3eb- • pv there • Source(s):C&M 

3ebcii3iihi' • adv inside a place or area over there • 

Source(s):C&M 

3ebcii3ó'bee3iihi' • adv forever • Source(s):DCAU 

3ebetocó'oniihi' • adv forever • Source(s):DCAU 

3ebéx • ni flesh, meat scraped from a hide • Source(s):DCAU 

3ebhiin3iihi' • adv around (circumventing) there • Source(s):C&M 

3ebisee- • vai to walk over there, walk away • Source(s):C&M 

3ebiihi' • adv in that direction • Source(s):LJC 

3ebiisiihi' • adv in that direction, towards over there • 

Source(s):C&M 

3ebiisnóehi- • vai to go outside in that direction • Source(s):C&M 

3ebiixóu'uniihi' • adv towards the top • Source(s):C&M 

3ebkóóhu- • vai to run there • Source(s):DCAU 

3ebóoséi3iihi' • adv 1) back there, away over there 2) in the past • 


3ebóoséi3xoh- • vta to take s.o. away over there • Source(s):C&M 

3ebóowuuhu' • adv down there • Source(s):C&M 

3ebóóxonóo • particle 1) overseas, across the ocean, any place 

overseas or across the ocean 2) across the river • 


3ebtéeti3- • vta to call to s.o. there • Source(s):C&M 

3ei- • pv in • Source(s):LJC 

3éicéno'oo- • vai to jump into some structure of enclosure • 

Source(s):C&M 

3éici' • ni root pl 3éicii • Source(s):DCAU 

3eikóóhu- • vai to run while inside a place or area • 

Source(s):C&M 

3einé'eini- • vai to put one's head inside a place or area • 

Source(s):C&M 

3einiihi' • adv inside (an area) • Source(s):DCAU 

3einóóxobee • ni pasture • Source(s):DCAU 

3eisé3oó • ni internal organ pl 3eisé3oono • Source(s):DCAU 

3eisé3oono • ni intestines • Source(s):DCAU 

3éisi- • vai to be inside 3 changed 3enéisi' • Source(s):DCAU 

3ei3 • ni 1) tendon 2) cartilage 3) muscle pl 3eito' • Listen: 3ei3 

(AB) , 3eito (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

3éi3é' • ni armpit pl 3éi3é'eno • Source(s):DCAU 

3eiyei'ok • ni stirrup pl 3eiyei'okno • Source(s):Cowell ms, 

Cowell p.c. 

3éiyoó • ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet • Listen: 3éiyoó 


3ei'éiyei- • vai to thread • Source(s):DCAU 

3ei'ikuu3ee- • vai put something inside something else 

3éi'ikuuton- • vta to toss or throw something into a container for 


3éi'ise- • vii to be inside (e.g. a container, a dwelling) 3 changed 

3enéi'ise' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

3éi'isi- • vai to be inside (a container, a dwelling) 3 changed 

3enéi'isi' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

3éi'iikoh- • vta to carry s.o. piggyback • Source(s):DCAU 

3ei'iinóót- • to carry s.t. or s.o. on one's back • Source(s):C&M 

3e3i'oowu' • vii the water is rough, waves are high or rough 3 

55 

changed 3ee3i'oowu' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

3é'ei3eih- • vta to hit s.o. on the top of the head • Source(s):C&M 

3eeyocéi- • vai to roast something • Source(s):DCAU 

3eeyocóót- • vti to roast s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

3eeyocóó3- • vta to roast s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

3eeyoute- • vii to be concave 3 changed 3eneeyoute' • 


3io'tox'ówoonoo • vii to be ninth 3 changed 3io'toxówoono' • 


3iwohoeenó • ni sneezeweed, scientific name Dugaldia hoopesii • 


3iwoo • particle let's see now, ok, wait • Source(s):C&M 

3i'- • pv maybe, perhaps • Source(s):C&M 

-3i' • suffix 3 plural vai realis conjugation 

3i'ci3- • vta to pinch s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'eibi- • vii to jut out, stick out • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'eyoo • ni 1) monument along a trail 2) the pile of dirt in front of 

a sweatlodge, dug out from the firepit 3) altar • Source(s):TA 

3i'eyóonéihiinóó' • vii an altar has been set up, an altar has been 

established • Source(s):C&M 

3i'eyóonóót- • vti to place an altar at a location • Source(s):C&M 

3i'eyóonóótii- • vai to set up an altar or monument • 

Source(s):C&M 

3i'e'éi- • vii to be pointy (e.g. a mountain, rock or land formation) 


3i'e'eiite- • vii to be pointy, there are protuberances (e.g. peaks on 

a mountain range or a rock formation) • Source(s):C&M 

3i'isóó- • vai to urinate Note: Used by men. • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'iinoxuu3oo'óó- • vai to have a runny nose • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'iinoo'ó- • vai to have diarrhea • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'óku- • vai to sit, be sitting • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

3i'okuut- • vti to sit with s.t. • Source(s):C&M 

3i'okuutoo • ni furniture one sits on such as a chair, couch, seat pl 

3io'kuutóoono • Source(s):TA, DCAU, LJC 

3i'okuutóo • ni seat pl 3i'okuutóono • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'otósoo' • num ninety • Source(s):LJC-other 

3i'otox • num nine anim. 3io'toxu3i' inam. 3io'toxé'i • Listen: 

3ió'tox (WaC) , 3ió'toxéi'ii (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3i'otóxuuni' • num nineteen • Source(s):LJC 

3i'otox'ówoo- • vai to be ninth 3 changed 3io'toxówoot • 

Source(s):LJC-other 

3i'ookuu- • vai to stand 3 changed 3ii'ookuut • Source(s):ZS, 

DCAU 

3i'ookuuhu- • vii to be made to stand, stood up • Source(s):C&M 

3i'ookuu3óó • ni fence post • Source(s):DCAU 

3i'ookuutii- • vai to stand something up, set something in an 

upright position • Source(s):LJC 

3i'ooneekóóhu- • vai to run with one's tail up 3 changed 

3ii'ooneekóóhut • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3i'ooni'oo- • vai (e.g. a horse) to have one's tail up • Source(s):LJC 

3i'óó' • vii there is a protuberance, mountain, pinnacle • 

Source(s):C&M 

3iihoho • ni forefinger pl 3iihoono • Source(s):DCAU 

3iik • ni 1) corpse 2) skeleton pl 3iikóno' • Listen: 3iik (AB) • 


3iikon • ni 1) skull 2) skeleton pl 3iikóno' • Source(s):DCAU 

3iikoné' • ni skull pl 3iikoné'ii • Source(s):DCAU 

3iikóne'éikuu3- • vta to scalp s.o. quickly or violently • 

Source(s):C&M 

3iikóne'éis- • vta to scalp s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

3iikonibino' • ni ['ghost berries'] 1) (pl.) snowberries, scientific

name Symphoricarpos spp. (berries) 2) (pl.) dogwood berries, 

Swida sericea (berries) • Source(s):JAC 2005 

3iikonwoniihiiho' • ni (pl.) possibly chainpod, peavine, scientific 

name Hedysarum spp., or sweetclover, scientific name 

Melilotus spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

3iikó'ei • na pelican Note: Provided by EW; said to describe the 

call of the pelican. • Source(s):Cowell ms 

3iito'ooko'oox • ni saddle tree • Source(s):Cowell ms 

3iiw • ni boat, canoe, ship pl 3iiwono loc. 3iiwóneÕ • 


3iixobéé- • vii to be steep • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3iixo'óé • ni 1) peg 2) stake pl 3iixo'óéno • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3iixo'oekuutii- • vai to stick something in the ground standing up • 

Source(s):C&M 

3iiyouhu- • vai to get a haircut • Source(s):Cowell p.c. 

3iiyoonee- • vai to have thin hair, short hair (e.g. a short-haired 

dog or horse) • Source(s):LJC 

3ii'óóbe- • vai to snore 3 changed 3enii'óóbe' • Source(s):DCAU 

3ohooné'eek • ni ['flour gravy'] meat gravy with flour • 


3oncéihi- • vai to be naked • Source(s):DCAU 

3onóuhu- • vai to be lazy • Source(s):DCAU 

3onouyoteyóó' • ni peak of a mountain • Source(s):DCAU 

3onóó3eeneb- • vta to remember s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

3onoo3eenów- • vta to remember s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

3onooxu3ecóó- • vai to remember • Source(s):DCAU 

3o3ohkuhu' • na monkey pl 3o3ohkuhó' • Source(s):DCAU 

3o3outé' • ni 1) horizon 2) on the ridge pl 3o3outéii' loc. 3o3outéi' 


3o3óuutei- • pv ridged, ridge-like • Source(s):C&M 

3o3óuuteiniihi' • adv ridge-like, characterized by ridges • 

Source(s):C&M 

3o3óuute'éini' • vii there is a ridge there • Source(s):C&M 

3ouhó'yoo • ni kettle pl 3ouhó'yoono • Source(s):DCAU 

3óuxósi' • ni cracker pl 3óuxósii • Source(s):DCAU 

3ouxosuu • ni headdress pl 3ouxosuuu • Source(s):Cowell ms 

3ouyi'éihii • na 'pointy faced one' greyhound • Source(s):DCAU 

3óu'uuniitii- • vti to demolish s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

3ouu- • pv cone-shaped, pointed 

3ouuyéihi- • vai to be cone-shaped, pointed 3 changed 

3onouuyéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

3ouuyice'ee' • ni ['pointy potato/sphere'] pear • Source(s):LJC 

3ouuyokóy • ni tepee, cone-shaped tent pl 3ou'yokóyono • Listen: 

3óuuyokóy (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3ouuyoteebexóókee • na ['pointy eared mountain lion'] lynx pl 

3ouyoteebexóókeeno' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

3ouuyoo- • vii to be cone-shaped, pointed 3 changed 3onouuyoo' • 


3owe'ei- • vai to have a broken face, a face that is misshapen from 

a fight or injury • Source(s):LJC 

3owo3ii- • vai to rise, get up (from a lying position) • 


3owó3nenitee- • pv in an Indian way, Indian-like • 

Source(s):C&M 

3owó3nenitee • na ?['upright person'] Indian person pl 

3owó3neniteenó' • Source(s):DCAU 

3owo3nóoó • ni ['upright vessel'] can • Source(s):DCAU 

3owóun- • vta to take s.o. apart (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

3owóun- • vti to take s.t. apart • Source(s):DCAU 

3owóótee- • vii to be located over there , Cowell p.c. 

3oxonih- • vta to treat s.o. meanly, mistreat s.o. • 

56 

Source(s):Cowell p.c., ZS 

3oxóni'éi'oo- • vai 1) to look angry 2) to frown • Source(s):DCAU 

3oxono'eisi- • vai to make oneself mad (e.g. get mad at yourself 

because you fell down) 3 changed 3ooxono'eisi' • 

Source(s):LJC 

3oxóo • ni tomahawk, club, war club pl 3oxóoono • Listen: 3oxóo 


3oxoohówu- • vai to growl, roar, make a roaring noise 3 changed 

3ooxoohówut • Source(s):DCAU 

3oxookutee- • vai to be missing a tooth • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3óxu'usééto' • ni Colorado spruce, scientific name Picea pungens • 


3o'eiinoo- • vii to be pliable • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'én- • vti to crush s.t., grind s.t., mash s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'én- • vta to crush s.o. 

3o'oéyoo • ni threshing machine • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'óh- • vti to pound s.t., shatter s.t. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3o'óhcei- • vai to pound meat, pound jerky • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'óhcoo • ni pounded, dried, shredded meat pl 3o'óhcoono Note: 

Usually used in the plural. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3o'ohóeeno • ni 1) flour 2) wheat • Listen: 3o'ohóeeno (LD) • 


3o'ohóunoo • ni pestle • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'ohuuwunoo • ni pestle for preparing jerky • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'óseinooti' • ni 'pounded meat' tender meat, pounded meat • 


3ó'owu'uwonee- • vai to grind or crush berries • Source(s):C&M 

3o'oxousi- • vii to be decaying (e.g. a tree) • Source(s):DCAU 

3ó'o'óótiinoon- • vta to crush or smash a part of s.o.'s body • 

Source(s):C&M 

3ó'o'wuuci3ei- • vai to plow • Source(s):DCAU 

3ó'o'wuuci3óo • ni plow • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'óóbe'éiyoó • ni disk (farming implement) • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'óóceihi- • vai to be soft (e.g. a rope) • Source(s):DCAU 

3o'unoo'óó- • vii to be crumbling 3 changed 3oo'unoo'óó' • 


3o'unoo'óó- • vai to be crumbling 3 changed 3oo'unoo'óót • 


3o'us- • vai to shatter 3 changed 3oo'usi' • Source(s):C&M 

3o'usetii- • vai to shatter something by smashing or throwing • 


3óokés • ni war club • Source(s):C&M 

3ook3oninoo'óó- • vai to get an x-ray • Source(s):DCAU 

3ook3ónkuutii- • vai to take an x-ray • Source(s):DCAU 

3óók3onóh- • vti to copy s.t. (e.g. off a blackboard) 3:3' changed 

3onóók3onóho' • Source(s):DCAU 

3óókuh- • vta 1) to follow s.o. 2) track s.o., trail s.o. • 

Source(s):C&M 

3óokuni'ei' • at the top of the head (of a person) • Source(s):C&M 

3ookusee- • vai to follow, walk behind • Source(s):LJC 

3ooku3eihii • na follower pl 3ooku3eihiiho' • Source(s):DCAU 

3ookutii- • vai to follow, most often figuratively • 


3ookuuhu' • adv through • Source(s):DCAU 

3ookuu'oo- • vii to ooze 3 changed 3onookuu'oo' • 


3ooniihi' • adv 1) below, less, in the middle 2) at the summit (as of 

someone's head, or the course of the sun) • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

3ooniisiini' • midday Note: archaic • Source(s):Hayden 1863, 

Cowell ms

3óontéce' • particle midnight, in the middle of the night • 


3oontééc • ni top of the head • Source(s):DCAU 

3óó3eeneb- • vta 1) to remember s.o. 2) to think about s.o. • 

Listen: 3onóó3eenebé3en (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

3óó3eenéét- • vti 1) to remember s.t. 2) to think about s.t. • Listen: 

3onóó3eenéétowoo (WiC) , nosou3oo3óó3eenéétowoo (WiC) 


3óo3oon • ni the top of one's head • Source(s):C&M 

3óó3oonbiiceniisiis • na ['height of summer moon'] July • 


3óó3ooncécniisiis • ni December • Source(s):DCAU 

3oo3oonei3e'ee • ni the middle or crown of one's head • 

Source(s):C&M 

3oo3oonisee- • vai to be high overhead, e.g. the sun • Listen: 

3oo3ooniseet (WiC) • Source(s):LJC 

3óo3ooniihi' • adv 1) on the top of someone's head 2) in the 

middle, at the height • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

3oo3ooniihi' • adv in the middle • Source(s):LJC 

3oo3ooniisi' • midday, noon • Source(s):DCAU 

3ootece'iini'éhk • particle at midnight • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

3óówohóu'u' • particle in the middle, at the center • 

Source(s):C&M 

3oox • ni entrails, guts, intestines, bowels pl 3ooxuu • Listen: 

3oox (AB) , 3ooxuu (AB) • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

3oox • ni seed pl 3ooxuu • Source(s):DCAU, JAC 2005 

3ooxé • na glove, mitten pl 3óóxohó' • Source(s):DCAU 

3ooxuun- • vti to notice s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

3ooxuunon- • vta to notice s.o., catch sight of s.o. • 


3oo'oekuu- • vai to be standing stuck upright in the ground • 

Source(s):C&M 

3óó'oekuutii- • vai to stick something upright in the ground • 

Source(s):C&M 

3oo'oo'ohóe • ni poker (tool) pl 3oo'oo'ohóeno • Source(s):DCAU 

W 

woce'ók • ni-dep hip pl woce'ókuno' • Source(s):DCAU 

woce'ót • ni-dep stomach pl woce'ótno 3 poss. hice'ót , neco'ót 


wóhbee- • vai to bark • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wohéi • particle 1) greeting, "well!" 2) narrative particle, well, ok, 

yes Note: Used by men. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wóhnii'oo- • vii to be dripping (in several places) • 


wohnóx • ni bracelet • Source(s):C&M 

wohou'ounoo'oo' • vii (the weather) is clearing up 3 changed 

woohou'ounoo'oo' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wóhoo • na peppermint, mint scientific name Mentha penardi and 

Mentha arvensis pl wóhoonó' Note: When referring to the 

peppermint plant, usually used in plural, the singular is also 

used as a female personal name (Wóhoo). • Source(s):DCAU, 

JAC 2005, LJC 

wóhoo • ni tongue of a shoe or boot pl wóhoonó • 


wohooninook • ni string, thread, yarn pl wohooninookuu • 


wohunohóé • ni ?backrest, pillow • Listen: wohnohóé (WiC) 

wohunootéén- • vti to weave s.t. 

wohuuk • na shoelace pl wohuukuno' • Source(s):DCAU 

wohuukutii- • vai to tie shoelaces • Source(s):DCAU 

57 

woh'ooó • na badger pl woh'ooó'uu obv. sg. woh'ooó'uu obv. pl. 

woh'ooó'uu • Listen: woh'ooó (WaC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC, 

C&M 

wokóoó • ni-dep rump pl wokoowó • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU 

won- • pv allative, going to do something • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

woniseineehiis • ni 1) burr plant 2) a figure representing a burr 

painted on the body during the Tomahawk Lodge ceremony 3) 

wild licorice, scientific name scientific name Glycyrrhiza 

lepidotac • Source(s):TA, C&M, JAC 2005 

woniihiiho' • na beans, scientific name Fabaceae spp. • 


wóniiwóót- • vti to salvage s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

wóniiwóó3- • vta to salvage s.o. (anim. obj.) • Source(s):DCAU 

wónohnoocéise' • ni net • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wonóhnookuteenóó' • ni hand rake • Source(s):DCAU 

wonót • ni-dep abdomen, belly pl wonótno 3 poss. hinót , hinót 


wonotóno' • ni-dep 1) ear 2) tepee flap pl wonotónouu 3 poss. 

hinotóno' • Source(s):DCAU 

wonotóyeic • ni-dep hide (animal skin) 3 poss. hinotóyeic • 


wonóut • ni breechcloth, loincloth pl wonóutno • 


wonóu'o • ni-dep palate • Source(s):DCAU 

wonóx • ni-dep, na-dep skin pl wonóxno, wonóxno' 3 poss. hinóx 


wonó'- • pv one shouldn't ... • Source(s):C&M 

wonó' • ni-dep 1) ankle 2) wrist pl wonó'no 3 poss. hino' • 


wonoonii'óót • na young person, member of a younger generation 

pl wonoonii'óó3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

woséinóóx • na sharp-skinned hawk • Listen: woséinóóx (LD) • 


woséin3e'enéihii • na 'brown/ugly/old/worn out winged one' bat pl 

wosein3e'neeihiiho' obv. sg. wosein3e'neehio Note: Folk 

etymology: 'devil wings'. • Listen: woséin3e'enéihii (WaC) • 


woséii • na devil Note: ?Archaic. • Listen: woséii (LD) • 


wosohóe • 1) ramrod 2) ?foreman pl wosohóeno • 


wosouhóne' • ni Mill Creek • Source(s):DCAU 

wosóuhu' • ni 1) sock 2) (pl.) stockings pl wosouh'unó' • 


wosootiinén • na Osage pl wosoo3iinén, wosoosiinén • 


wot- • proclitic evidential, indicating non-verifiability, 'I guess it 

is so,' 'they say it is so' • Source(s):C&M 

wo3oninoo'óh- • vta to take a picture of s.o., a photograph of s.o. • 


wo3oninoo'óót • na 1) picture 2) photograph pl wo3oninoo'óótno' 

obv. sg. wo3oninoo'óótin • Listen: wo3oninoo'óót (WiC) • 


wo3oninoo'oo3éi- • vai to take a picture, photograph • 


wo3oninoo'ootii- • vai to take a picture of something, a 

photograph of something • Source(s):DCAU 

wo3onisi- • vii to be depicted representationally (e.g. engraved, 

carved, incised, drawn) • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

wo3ónkuu3óó • ni copy machine, Xerox machine • 

Source(s):DCAU

wo3onóh- • vti to draw s.t., write s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

wo3ónoh- • vta to draw s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

wo3onóhei- • vai to draw, write • Source(s):DCAU 

wo3onóheihii • na secretary, stenographer • Source(s):DCAU 

wo3ónohéihiinóó- • vii to be written • Source(s):C&M 

wo3ónohóe • ni paper, book, notebook, mail, anything made of 

paper pl wo3onohóeno • Listen: wo3ónohóe (WaC) , 

wo3ónohóe (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wó3onóhowuun- • vta to write to s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

wo3onóhooé • ni writing implement, pen, pencil • Listen: 

wo3onóhooé (WiC) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wo3ono'ux- • vti to mark s.t., carve s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

wotéihei- • vai to knock, make noise • Source(s):DCAU 

wóteihó'oyóó • ni drumstick pl wóteihó'yoono • Source(s):DCAU 

wóteihó'yei- • vai to drum • Source(s):DCAU 

woteiho'yeinoo • ni beating drum • Source(s):ALKms 

wóteikuu3óó • ni telephone • Source(s):DCAU 

wóteikuuton- • vta to telephone s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

wotéiniini' • vii there is a noise, a noise has been made • 

Source(s):C&M 

wotéinoxónee- • vai to gnaw, make a gnawing noise 3 changed 

wootéinoxóneet • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wotéinóóni- • vii there is a noise, a noise has been made • 

Source(s):C&M 

woteinóóni- • vii to make noise 3 changed wooteinóóni' • 


wotéisee- • vai to walk noisily, make noise while walking • 

Source(s):ZS, C&M 

woté' • ni 1) hat 2) women's warbonnet pl woté'eno 3 poss. hinoté' 


wotees- • pv into the center 

wotéésee- • vai 1) to walk into a crowd, camp or gathering 2) to 

walk into the center • Source(s):C&M 

wóteexoh- • vta to take s.o. into a crowd, camp, gathering or camp 

circle • Source(s):C&M 

wotih'ohu- • vai to fly away • Source(s):C&M 

wotikuu3- • vta to put s.o. into a fire • Source(s):C&M 

wotio'óxoo' • vii it has been cut off, trimmed away • 

Source(s):C&M 

wóti3óuhu- • vai to start a fire for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

wotitoneihii • ni fire carrier , fire starter • Source(s):ALKms, 

Cowell ms 

wótitonéé- • vai to start a fire • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

woti'- • pv gone, removed, gotten rid of • Source(s):C&M 

woti'éso'on- • vta to chase s.o. away (permanently), remove s.o. 

by chasing • Source(s):C&M 

woti'esóó- • vii to be removed • Source(s):C&M 

woti'etóótiini- • vii to be taken away, removed • Source(s):C&M 

woti'eyéihii • na janitor • Source(s):DCAU 

woti'ohéi- • vai to sweep • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

woti'ohéihii • na sweeper, janitor • Source(s):DCAU 

woti'ohóe • ni broom pl woti'ohóeno • Source(s):DCAU 

woti'ookoonó3etiit • ni shaking hands upon separating at the end 

of an event • Source(s):C&M 

wotóhko' • ni-dep jaw, chin pl wotóhko'óno 3 poss. hitóhko' • 


wótonihéihi- • vai to have been set on fire • Source(s):C&M 

wótonóuhu- • vai to start a fire for oneself • Source(s):C&M 

wótotóoy • ni-dep backbone, spine pl wótotóoyóno • 


wotóxoobéihi- • vai 1) to be dirty, filthy 2) to be unkempt 3 

58 

changed wootóxoobéiht • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wotóxoobee- • vii to be filthy 3 changed wootóxoobee' • 


wóto' • ni-dep nape, back of the neck 3 poss. hito' loc. woto'óne' • 


wótoo • ni 1) pants, trousers, leggings 2) (pl.) underwear, panties 

pl wotóóho • Source(s):DCAU 

wotóót • ni match (to ignite fire) pl wotóotnó • Source(s):DCAU, 

LJC 

wówe'éi- • vai 1) to have a wrinkled face 2) to have a face that is 

out of shape 3 changed woowe'eit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wowouunoo'óó- • vai to have a seizure 3 changed 

woowouunoo'oot • Source(s):DCAU 

wowo'oniini • ni mask • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wowóoniini- • vai to be captive, have been captured • 

Source(s):C&M 

wox • na bear pl wóxuu obv. sg. wóxuu obv. pl. wóxuu • Listen: 

wox (LD) , wox (AB) • Source(s):DCAU 

wox niiinon • placename ['bear teepee'] Devil's Tower, a national 

monument in Wyoming • Source(s):Cowell ms 

woxcóó- • vii to taste bad 3 changed wooxcóó' • Source(s):DCAU 

wóxec • ni swamp pl wóxecii • Source(s):DCAU 

woxeciini- • vii to be swampy 3 changed wooxeciini' • 


woxecii'iini- • vii to be swampy 3 changed wooxecii'iini' • 


woxéihi- • vai 1) to be bad, mean 2) to be ugly 3 changed 

wooxéiht • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

woxesiit • ni paintbrush • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wóxeeneb- • vta to think badly of or about s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

woxhóóx • na horse pl woxhóóxebii obv. sg. woxhóóxebii obv. pl. 

woxhóóxebii Note: Possessed forms are irregular, e.g. 

nótonihi my horse, hitonihoÕ his/her horse. • 


wóxhoox hitihii • ni ['horse's tail'] wild rye grass, scientific name 

Leymus spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

wóxhooxebii3hiitono • ni oats (pl.) • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wóxhooxebii3ib • ni oats (pl.) 

wóxhooxuno'oowu' • ni ['horse house'] stable (for horses) • 


woxkónee- • vai to have a bad dream • Source(s):C&M 

woxniinen • ni bear fat Note: medicinal use: rubbed on aching 

joints • Source(s):LJC 

wóxos • na shin pl woxosóno' 3 poss. hixosón • Source(s):DCAU 

woxóuubéihi- • vai to feel bad • Source(s):DCAU 

woxó'oo- • vai to have tuburculosis 3 changed wooxó'oot • 


woxo'óót • ni tuberculosis • Source(s):DCAU 

woxookeihi' • ni shield • Source(s):Cowell ms 

woxooneehi- • vai 1) to be thin, skinny 2) to be overly thin, too 

skinny 3 changed wooxóóneehit • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

woxóónoo'oo- • vai to lose weight • Source(s):DCAU 

woxoowuse- • vii (a liquid, e.g. milk) to be rotten, spoiled, rancid 

3 changed wooxoowuse' • Source(s):DCAU 

woxóóxobe'- • pv relating to buzzards, vultures 

woxse'eihtoo • ni bear paw 

woxubouhu- • vai to smell bad, stink 3 changed wooxubouhut • 

Source(s):LJC 

woxubou'óó- • vii to smell bad, stink 3 changed wooxubou'óó' • 


woxubóooti- • vii to smell bad • Source(s):DCAU

woxubóoó' • vii it stinks, smells bad 3 changed wooxubóoó' • 

Source(s):LJC 

wóxuh- • vta to harm s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

woxuse- • vii to be bad, decaying (e.g. flesh) rancid, rotten, 

spoiled 3 changed wooxuse' • Source(s):DCAU 

wóxusii- • vai to paint ceremonially • Source(s):ALKms, C&M 

woxusiit • ni ceremonial paint • Source(s):C&M 

woxusn- • vta to paint s.o. ceremonially 3:3' changed wooxusinoot 


woxusyéihii • na person who paints ceremonially • 


woxutoo- • vai 1) to do something wrong, do something bad 2) to 

sin • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wóxu' • ni 1) medicine 2) spiritual or ceremonial power or 

authority pl wóxu'uu • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

woxu' • ni 1) grass, scientific name Poaceae spp. 2) hay pl 

woxu'uno • Source(s):DCAU, JAC 2005, LJC 

wóxu'óóntoo- • vai to perform a blessing ceremony • 

Source(s):C&M 

woxu'oo3- • vta to grant s.o. special power or authority, either 

temporary or permanent, so that they can accomplish some 

task or ceremonial duty Note: The process of granting this 

authority involves rubbing and ceremonial blowing. • 

Source(s):C&M 

woxu'ootiini' • vii 1) it has been blessed 2) power or authority has 

been granted ceremonially • Source(s):C&M 

woxu'uuwu- • vai to bless something • Source(s):C&M 

wóxuuhooxbii3hiit • ni saltbush, scientific name Atriplex 

canescens, possibly other Atriplex spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

woxuusóó • na bear cub • Listen: woxuusóó (WaC) • 


woxuuxonéihii • na ['the one who makes the sound woxuuxon'] 

raven pl woxuuxoneehiiho' • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

woxwohoonó' • ni 'bear mint' 1) a plant, possibly hyssop, 

scientific name Agastache spp. 2) a perfume made from this 

plant • Source(s):DCAU, JAC 2005 

wo'éin • ni 1) necklace 2) scarf 3) tie pl wo'éinono • 


wo'éinooni- • vai to make noise • Source(s):C&M 

wo'éi3 • particle or, but • Listen: wo'éi3 (ZM) • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'éii3ów • particle 1) just right 2) right there • Source(s):C&M 

wo'obén- • vti ['put to the side'] 1) to move s.t. 2) to postpone s.t. 

3:3' changed woo'obéno' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wo'óh • ni 1) shoe 2) moccasin pl wo'óhno • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'ohnéihii • na shoemaker • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'ohno3oo • ni moccasin top pl wo'ohno3oono • 


wo'ohnóonéihi- • vai to be given mocassins or shoes • 

Source(s):C&M 

wó'oteencéi • ni ['black pitch'] tar • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'otéénehisei • na Ute woman • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'oteenéhiinén • na Ute man • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'oteenéhiisóó • na Ute child • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'oteenéhiitéén • ni Ute tribe • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'oteenih'óó3oo • na ['black white man'] black person, African 

American person • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'oteensiisiiyei • na 'black snake' water moccasin • 


wo'óteeyoo • na 1) African American, black person 2) buffalo 

soldier • Source(s):C&M 

wo'óteeyóó- • vii to be black 3 changed woo'óteeyóó' • 

59 


wo'óuhuu • na heron, egret • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wo'ouusóó • na kitten • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'ow • ni ice • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'owuuni- • vii to be icy 3 changed woo'owuuni' • 


wo'ox • ni-dep fingernail, toenail, claw, hoof pl wo'oxuu obv. sg. 

wo'oxuu obv. pl. wo'oxuu 3 poss. hi'ox • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'oxéin- • vta to shoe a horse • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'o'oto' • particle right then, just at the right time • 

Source(s):C&M 

wo'óoó • na cat pl wó'ouu obv. sg. wó'ou obv. pl. wó'ou voc. 

wo'ouun • Listen: wo'óoó (LD) , wo'óoó (WaC) • 


wó'oo3 • ni-dep foot, leg pl wo'óóto 3 poss. hi'oo3 loc. wo'óóte' • 

Listen: wó'oo3 (WaC) , nó'oo3 (LD) • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'teen- • pv 1) black 2) dark 

wo'teenbexóókee • na ['black mountain lion'] black panther • 


wo'teenbeesib • ni ['black plum'] prune pl wo'teenbeesibino • 


wó'teenbooó • ni ['black road'] highway, paved road • 


wo'teencebitee • ni ['black grease'] crude oil • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'teenéihi- • vai to be black • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

Wo'tééneihi' • placename ['the place where they are black,' 'the 

place where the Utes are'] Utah • Source(s):C&M 

wó'teenih'óó3oubeniiinen • na ['black white man soldier'] African 

American soldier, black soldier • Source(s):C&M 

wo'téénii'éihii • na 'black eagle' 1) a term used for several kinds of 

black or dark birds, including a black eagle (a young bald 

eagle), winter bird, dark-eyed junco, grackle 2) a female 

personal name • Source(s):C&M, Cowell ms 

wo'teenóte'éi- • vai to have black hair • Source(s):DCAU 

Wó'teenótoyóó' • placename ['black mountain'] Elk Mountain, 

WY • Source(s):C&M 

wó'teenó'ete' • vii there is a black cloud • Source(s):C&M 

wo'teeno'uxoo' • vii dark clouds are gathering, the sky is getting 

dark 3 changed woo'teeno'uxoo' • Source(s):LJC 

wo'teenóóbe' • ni ['black paint'] black paint • Source(s):DCAU 

wó'teenóókhoosé' • ni possibly ragweed, scientific name 

Ambrosia psilostachya • Source(s):JAC 2005 

wo'teensiisiiyei • na ['black snake'] water moccasin, cottonmouth 

Note: see Dorsey's account of the origin of the Sun Dance • 


wó'toteenóóku • na ['dark eared rabbit'] jackrabbit pl 

wó'toteenóókuhó' • Source(s):DCAU 

wo'tóóbe' • ni black paint • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wo'uucéh • exclamation gee whiz!, I can't believe it!, for no 

reason at all! • Source(s):C&M 

wo'wuciiskóóhu- • vai to run a little farther (e.g. than the day 

before) • Source(s):C&M 

wo'wusee- • vai to move, move over, move along • 


wo'wu3oo • na hailstone pl wo'wu3oonó' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wo'wu3oonoosóó- • vii to hail (weather condition) 3 changed 

woo'wu3oonoosóó' • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

wo'wuuhu- • vai to move, move camp farther along, change 

residence • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

wo'wuuhu' • adv farther along • Source(s):C&M 

wóóhon- • pv together, united • Source(s):C&M

wóóhonéihi- • vai to be united, be a group, be together • 

Source(s):C&M 

wóóhonén- • vti to join s.t. together • Source(s):DCAU 

wóóhonisee- • vai to join a group, unite, come together • 


wóóhoniseenóó' • vii things have come together, things have 

become linked or joined • Source(s):C&M 

wóóhoniihi' • adv together, in a joint fashion • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

wóóhonóusé' • vii things are laying together, laid out together • 

Source(s):C&M 

wóóhonooku3oó • ni splint • Source(s):Cowell ms 

wóóhonootéé- • vii to be (lying) together 3 pl. changed 

wonóóhonootéi'i • Source(s):DCAU 

wóókec • na 1) cow 2) (pl.) cattle, livestock pl wóókecii obv. sg. 

wóókecii obv. pl. wóókecii • Source(s):DCAU 

wóókeciinén • na ['cattle man'] rancher, cattleman • 


wookéciisoo • na calf • Source(s):DCAU 

wookuuno' • ni 'plumes' penstemon, beardtongue, scientific name 

Penstemon spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

woon- • pv 1) new 2) youngp 3) latest, most recent, last (e.g. day, 

week) • Source(s):C&M 

woonéihi- • vai 1) to be young 2) to be new 3 changed 

wonoonéiht • Source(s):DCAU 

woonée'in- • vti to recall s.t., remember s.t. after having forgotten 


wooninouhu- • vai to wear new clothing • Source(s):LJC 

wooniihi' • particle recently • Source(s):DCAU 

woonootees • na young person, often referring to someone in their 

teens • Source(s):LJC 

wóosóó3 • ni arrowhead, flint pl woosóó3ii • Source(s):DCAU 

woo3éihi- • vai to be many • Source(s):C&M 

woo3éi'i • vii there are many of them • Source(s):C&M 

woo3éé- • vii to be many 3 changed wonoo3éi'ii • 


woo3éé- • vai to be many 3 changed wonoo3éé3i' • 


wóó3eeniini'i • vii there are many of them (pl) • Source(s):C&M 

woo3onesi' • ni 1) leather 2) leather strap pl woo3onesi'i • 


wóó3o' • ni a medicinal root, otherwise unidentified • 


wootii • particle it's like, it seems that, as if • Source(s):DCAU, 

C&M 

wootóó • particle step aside, go away • Source(s):C&M 

wóóukohéi • exclamation welcome! • Source(s):DCAU 

woow • particle now, already • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

wóówoséi- • vai to use filthy language, to talk dirty • 


woowotóx • particle in vain, uselessly • Source(s):DCAU 

woowoyóte'éi- • vai to have unkempt hair 3 changed 

woowoyóte'éit • Source(s):DCAU 

woowoyóó- • vii to be rough • Source(s):DCAU 

woowóóhonó'oo- • vii to be wrinkled • Source(s):DCAU 

wóóxcoo' • ni ['it tastes bad'] bitter root, scientific name Lewisia 

rediviva • Source(s):JAC 2005 

wooxé • ni knife pl wóóxoho • Source(s):Hayden 1862, DCAU 

wooxéti' • na person who is foulmouthed • Source(s):DCAU 

wooxón • ni 1) bracelet 2) also used for jewelery in general pl 

wooxóno • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms, LJC 

60 

wooxubóu'óó' • ni sweet cicely and related plants, scientific name 

Osmorhiza spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

Wooxu'eihi3i' • na ['ugly ones'] (pl.) one of four bands identified 

by Kroeber, said by Kroeber to have been around Cantonment, 

OK • Source(s):TA 

wooyoo- • vii 1) to be new 2) to be fresh 3 changed wónooyoo' • 


woo' • na calf (baby cow) pl wou'u Note: Can refer to a young girl 

participating in the women's Buffalo dance. • Source(s):TA, 

DCAU 

wóó'oséino' • ni veal • Source(s):DCAU 

woo'ówou3óóni' • ni inflation (in prices) • Source(s):DCAU 

wóó'oowoo3iibeihii • na snail pl woo'oowoo3iibeehiiho' • 


woo'tééneiht • na ['s/he is black'] Ute person pl woo'tééneihi3i' • 

Source(s):TA, C&M 

woo'teennih'óucoo' • ni ['black pepper'] black pepper • 


woo'téénoowu' • ni ['black water'] coffee • Source(s):DCAU 

woo'uh'ei • na magpie pl woo'uh'einó' obv. sg. woo'uh'ein obv. pl. 

woo'uh'eino • Source(s):DCAU, Cowell ms 

wuho'ookuuhu' • adv almost right, almost what I want • 

Source(s):C&M 

X 

xóekuu'oo- • vai (a horse) to rear 3 changed xonóeku'oot • 


Xonou'oo' • ni ['it is smoking'] town of Thermopolis • 


xonóuu • particle immediately, instantly, right away • 


xoubeekuu- • vii to be erect, stand upright 3 changed 

xonóubeekuu' • Source(s):DCAU 

xoubeekuu- • vai 1) to be erect 2) stand straight, upright • 


xoucebitee • ni skunk oil Note: Medicinal use: drops in ear for an 

earache. • Source(s):LJC 

xoucén • na onion, scientific name Allium spp. pl xoucénii, 

xouucénii 3 poss. hixoucéniiw, hixouucéniiw • 


xouhu' • na skunk Note: Archaic. • Source(s):AD (Arapaho 

Dialects), ALKms 

xouwoo3- • vta to let s.o. do something • Source(s):DCAU, 

Cowell p.c. 

xóuubéihi- • vai to be straight, upright 3 changed xonouubéiht • 

Source(s):ALKms, Dorsey & Kroeber, LJC 

xouubéé- • vii 1) to be straight 2) to be upright 3 changed 

xonouubéé' • Source(s):ALKms, DCAU, LJC 

xóuunéé- • vai to cheer 

xouunooni- • vii there is cheering • Source(s):C&M 

xóuuw- • pv 1) straight, straightly 2) direct, directly • 

Source(s):C&M 

xouuwéi'towuun- • vta tell s.o. in a straight, direct manner, be 

forthright with someone • Listen: heetxouuwéi'towuuné3en 


xóuuwoo3ib- • vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do 


xóuuwoo3ih- • vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do 

something 3:3' changed xonóuuwoo3ihoot • Source(s):LJC 

xóuuwoote'in- • vti 1) to know s.t. correctly 2) to have s.t. straight 

• Source(s):C&M, LJC

xóuuwóotéé- • vii to be placed in a straight way • Source(s):C&M 

xóuuwunihii- • vai to speak in a straight, proper, truthful way • 

Source(s):C&M 

xouuwuno'oo- • (water) to flow straight • Listen: xonouuwuno'oo' 


xóuuwusee- • vai to go straight, walk in a straight line • 


xóuuwuseenóó- • vii to proceed in a straight or proper way • 

Source(s):C&M 

xóuuwutoo- • vai to act straight, act properly • Source(s):C&M 

xóuuwuuhu' • adv straight, in a straight manner • Source(s):C&M 

xouu'eeyóo • ni chimney • Source(s):DCAU 

xóuu'oo- • vii to give off smoke, steam or vapor 3 changed 

xonóuu'oo' • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, LJC 

xoxonóu • particle immediately, instantly • Source(s):DCAU 

xoxooyóni' • na chipmunk, striped ground squirrel pl xoxooyónii • 


xo'éiyoó • ni salve • Source(s):DCAU 

xo'én- • vti to apply ointment, rub lotion on • Listen: xoo'éno' 


xo'éneti- • vai 1) to apply ointment on oneself 2) ointment 

xo'éyoó • ni ointment, lotion pl xo'eyonó • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

xo'óheé • ni shoe polish • Source(s):DCAU 

xó'owkuu3- • vta to gag s.o., put something in s.o.'s mouth • 

Source(s):C&M 

xo'u3kuu3- • vta to gag s.o., to cause s.o. to retch 3:3' changed 

xoo'u3kuu3oot • Source(s):DCAU 

xoo • na skunk pl xouu obv. sg. xouu obv. pl.s xouu , xou (AB) • 


xook- • pv through 

xookowobéihi- • vai to have pneumonia • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

xookówobeihiit • ni pneumonia • Source(s):LJC 

xookusee- • vai to walk through something, go through something 


xookusee- • vai to walk through something • Source(s):DCAU 

xoonoo'óh- • vta to hang s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

xooóyoo- • vii to be oblong 3 changed xonooóyoo' • 


xooxouuwóóte'in- • vti to really understand s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

xooxo'oesé- • vii to become springtime, for the weather to thaw 3 

changed xono'oesé' • Source(s):DCAU 

xooxo'oese' • vii 1) wind is blowing 2) spring is in the air 3 

changed xonoono'oese' • Source(s):Cowell ms 

xóó'oekuu- • vai to kneel, kneel down 3 changed xonóó'oekuut • 

Listen: xonóó'oekuut (LD) 

xóó'oekuuceenóku- • vai to sit down in a kneeling position • 

Source(s):C&M 

xóó'oekuu'oo- • vai 1) to kneel 2) (a horse) ?to rear • 


Y 

yehéihoo • exclamation exclamation of surprise, "gee!," "wow!," 

"isn't that something!" Note: Used by men. • 


yéihow- • vta to chase s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

yéihowóó- • vai to chase something • Source(s):C&M 

yeihówoonoox • na a chasing horse, used for pursuit pl 

yeihówoonooxebii • Source(s):C&M 

yein • num four (counting form) • Source(s):DCAU 

yein nonóóke' • ni ['fourth morning'] Friday • Source(s):ALKms 

yéini- • vai to be four in number • Source(s):C&M 

61 

yeini'owoo- • vai to be fourth 3 changed yeneini'owoot • 


yeini'owoo- • vii to be fourth 3 changed yeneini'owoo' • 


yéiniiis • ni four days • Source(s):C&M 

yéiniiisi' • vii something has been done for four days • 

Source(s):C&M 

yeiniini' • num fourteen • Source(s):DCAU 

yeiniis • ni wood's rose bush, scientific name Rosa woodsii (bush) 

• Source(s):JAC 2005 

yéinoh'óóke- • vii to be the fourth morning • Source(s):C&M 

yéinonóóke' • ni Thursday • Source(s):DCAU 

yeinóu'u • na louse nits (pl.) • Source(s):DCAU 

yéino' • na tomato pl yéinóuu • Source(s):DCAU 

yéintoowó'ohéihi- • vai to have something done to one four times 


yéintoowóót- • vti to do something four times • Source(s):C&M 

yeiy • na otter pl yeiyonó' obv. sg. yéiyon • Listen: yeiy (AB) • 


yeiyóó' • num forty • Source(s):DCAU 

yeneinit • na carrot, indian carrot, gardner's yampah, scientific 

name Perideridia gairdneri pl yeneini3i' • Source(s):DCAU 

yenéinkóóti'i • ni buttercup, scientific name Ranunculaceae spp. • 


yeneiyóuni' • ni four-pronged pitchfork pl yeneiyouni'i • 


yeoh • particle yes, indeed, you bet • Source(s):C&M 

yéyeinoxuus • ni reed, otter weed pl yéyeinoxuusii • 


yéyeinoxuus • ni hairgrass, may also be called 'otterweed', 

scientific name Eleocharis spp. • Source(s):JAC 2005 

yih- • pv directional preverb, toward a distant place 

yihkóóhu- • vai to run towards some distant place or thing • 


yihóó- • vai to go to a place, walk to a place • Source(s):ZS, 

C&M, ALKms 

yihoon- • vta to go to s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

yihoon- • vta to go to s.o., go to where a person is • 

Source(s):C&M 

yih3okusee- • vai to crawl over to a distant place • 

Source(s):C&M 

yih3ooninoo'oo- • vai to descend quickly towards down there • 

Source(s):C&M 

yihxoh- • vta to take s.o. to a distant place • Source(s):C&M 

yih'óon- • vta to chase s.o., chase after s.o. yiih'oonoot • Listen: 

yiih'óonoot (LD) • Source(s):DCAU, C&M 

yiisiihi' • adv towards a distant place • Source(s):C&M, ZS 

yii3e'einiihi' • adv towards a distant place • Source(s):C&M 

yii3é'eekuunóón- • vta to face s.o. • Source(s):DCAU 

yonoohut • na pledger, e.g. of a dance • Source(s):TA, DCAU 

yooh- • vta to hide s.o. 3:3' changed yonóóhoot • 


yoohoot- • vai to die 3 changed yonoohoote' • Source(s):C&M 

yóóhu- • vai to put up a ceremonial lodge, especially Sun Dance • 

Source(s):C&M 

yoohuuhuu • na pledger, e.g. of a dance • Source(s):DCAU 

yóókox • ni willow shrub or tree, scientific name Salix spp. pl 

yóókoxuu • Source(s):DCAU, C&M, JAC 2005 

yóónoohow- • vta to check up on s.o. • Source(s):C&M 

yoo3ón • num five • Source(s):DCAU 

yóó3oni- • vai to be five in number • Source(s):C&M

yóó3oni'owoo- • vai 1) to do something five times 2) to be the 

fifth one • Source(s):C&M 

yoo3óniini- • vai fifteen (an.) 3 changed yonoo3óniini3i' • 


yoo3óniini' • vii fifteen (inan.) • Source(s):DCAU 

yoo3oyó'owoo- • vii to be fifth 3 changed yonóó3oyó'owoo' • 


yoo3oyó'owoo- • vai to be fifth 3 changed yonóó3oyó'owoot • 


yóó3oyoo' • vii fifty • Source(s):DCAU 

yootisee- • vai to hide • Source(s):DCAU 

yootii- • vti to hide s.t. • Source(s):DCAU 

' 

-' • suffix 3 singular vii realis conjugation 

'eee • particle hesitation particle, similar to mmmmm..... • 

Source(s):C&M 

-'i • suffix 3 plural vii realis conjugation 

'ine • particle 1) yes 2) ok, well Note: Used by women. • 


'inehouu • particle 1) yes 2) ok, well Note: Used by women. • 


'iiheihóó, • exclamation exclamation of surprise, gee!, wow! Note: 

Used by women. • Source(s):DCAU, LJC 

'oh • particle but • Source(s):C&M, LJC 

'osteihoo • exclamation exclamation made when something bad 

happens, when something is not right, "I could have done 

better!" Note: Used by men. • Source(s):LJC 

'oo • exclamation yes Note: Used by women. • Source(s):DCAU 

'óohéi • particle a war cry, used when striking a blow, counting 

coup, or scalping someone • Source(s):C&M 

'oohóó • exclamation Exclamation • Source(s):ZS 

'oo'hó • exclamation ouch! Note: Used by men. • 


'oo'xu • exclamation ouch! Note: Used by women. • 


62

Arapaho-English dictionary DRAFT -- last updated June ... - Linguistics

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