BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET 91-215 SECRETARY ...

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A2.C.5.6. RESOURCES. Your supporting safety office is the best source of information regarding fault tree analysis. Like the other more advanced tools, using the FTA will normally involve the consultation of a safety professional or engineer trained in the use of the tool. If the probabilistic aspects are added, it will also require a relatively sophisticated database capable of supplying the detailed data needed. A2.C.5.7. COMMENTS. The FTA is one of the few hazard ID procedures that will support quantification when the necessary data resources are available. A2.C.5.8. EXAMPLE. A basic example of the FTA is provided at Figure A2.40. Please note the example is not fully developed as it is intended as a brief example of the tool. It illustrates how an event may be traced to specific causes that can be very precisely identified at the lowest levels. Figure A2.40. Key Fault Tree Analysis Symbols. Combustibles Stored in Storeroom Combustibles Stored in Storeroom or Combustibles Leak into Storeroom Stock Material Degrades to Combustible State Fire Occurs in Storeroom and 90 Airflow < Critical Value Electrical Spark Occurs Ignition Source in Storeroom or Radiant Thermal Energy Raises Direct Thermal Energy Present
A2.C.6. <strong>THE</strong> FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS A2.C.6.1. FORMAL NAME. The failure mode and effects analysis A2.C.6.2. ALTERNATIVE NAMES. The FMEA A2.C.6.3. PURPOSE. The failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a professional level hazard ID tool specifically designed to detect and evaluate the impact due to the failure of various system components. Most FMEAs have traditionally been directed at the failure of parts in mechanical system, but the tool is suitable for analyzing the failure of any component of any type of system. A brief example of FMEA illustrating this purpose is the analysis of the impact of the failure of the communications component (radio, landline, computer, etc.) of a system on the overall mission. The focus of the FMEA is on how such a failure could occur (failure mode) and the mission impact of such a failure (effects). A2.C.6.4. APPLICATION. The FMEA is generally regarded as a professional tool but with the assistance of the FMEA job aid, most operational personnel can use the tool effectively. The FMEA can be thought of as a more formal and detailed “What if” analysis. It is an especially useful tool in contingency planning where it is used to evaluate the impact of various possible failures (contingencies). The FMEA can be used in place of the what if analysis when greater detail is needed or it can be used to examine the impact of hazards developed using the what if tool in much greater detail. A2.C.6.5. METHOD. The FMEA is normally accomplished using a worksheet similar to the one illustrated at Figure A2.41. As noted on the sample worksheet, a specific component of the system to be analyzed is identified. Several components can be analyzed. For example, a rotating part might freeze up, explode, breakup, slow down, or even reverse direction. Each of these failure modes may have differing impacts on connected components and the overall system. The worksheet then calls for an assessment of probability. Figure A2.41. Sample Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Worksheet. FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS Component Description Page ___of ___Pages System_________________________ Date___________ Subsystem _____________________ Analyst_________ Failure Mode Effects on Other Components Effects on System <strong>91</strong> RAC or Hazard Category Failure Frequency Effects Probability Remarks
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BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET
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Figure 14. Levels of Command Involv
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levels while preserving assets and
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Section B—The ORM Process 5. Intr
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8.2. Identified Risk is risk that h
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Section G—Step 5—Implement Risk
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HAZOP—Hazard operability Hrs—Ho
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BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET 91-215 SECRETARY ...

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