BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET 91-215 SECRETARY ...
BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET 91-215 SECRETARY ... BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET 91-215 SECRETARY ...
A2.C.4. THE ENERGY TRACE AND BARRIER ANALYSIS A2.C.4.1. FORMAL NAME. The energy trace and barrier analysis A2.C.4.2. ALTERNATIVE NAMES. None A2.C.4.3. PURPOSE. The energy trace and barrier analysis (ETBA) is a professional level procedure intended to detect hazards by focusing in detail on the presence of energy in a system and the barriers for controlling that energy. It is conceptually similar to the interface analysis in its focus on energy forms, but is considerably more thorough and systematic. A2.C.4.4. APPLICATION. The ETBA is intended for use by loss control professionals and is targeted against higher risk operations, especially those involving large amounts of energy or a wide variety of energy types. The method is used extensively in the acquisition of new weapons systems and other complex systems. A2.C.4.5. METHOD. The ETBA involves 5 basic steps as shown at Figure A2.36. Step 1 is the identification of the types of energy found in the system. It often requires considerable expertise to detect the presence of the types of energy listed at Figure A2.37. Step 2 is the trace step. Once identified as present, the point of origin of a particular type of energy must be determined and then the flow of that energy through the system must be traced. In Step 3 the barriers to the unwanted release of that energy must be analyzed. For example, electrical energy is usually moved in wires with an insulated covering. In Step 4 the risk of barrier failure and the unwanted release of the energy is assessed. Finally, in Step 5, risk control options are considered and selected. Figure A2.36. ETBA Steps. Step 1. Identify the types of energy present in the system Step 2. Locate energy origin and trace the flow Step 3. Identify and evaluate barriers (mechanisms to confine the energy) Step 4. Determine the risk (the potential for hazardous energy to escape control and damage something significant) Step 5. Develop improved controls and implement as appropriate 86
Figure A2.37. Types of Energy. Electrical Kinetic (moving mass e.g. a vehicle, a machine part, a bullet) Potential (not moving mass e.g. a heavy object suspended overhead) Chemical (e.g. explosives, corrosive materials) Noise and Vibration Thermal (heat) Radiation (Nonionizing e.g. microwave, and ionizing e.g. nuclear radiation, x-rays) Pressure (air, water) A2.C.4.6. RESOURCES. This tool requires sophisticated understanding of the technical characteristics of systems and of the various energy types and barriers. Availability of a safety professional, especially a safety engineer or other professional engineer is important. A2.C.4.7. COMMENTS. All mishaps involve the unwanted release of one kind of energy or another. This fact makes the ETBA a powerful hazard ID tool. When the risk stakes are high and the system is complex, the ETBA is a must have. A2.C.4.8. EXAMPLES. A simplified (no use of electrical schematics) example of the ETBA procedure is provided at Figure A2.38. 87
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Figure A2.37. Types of Energy.<br />
Electrical<br />
Kinetic (moving mass e.g. a vehicle, a machine part, a bullet)<br />
Potential (not moving mass e.g. a heavy object suspended overhead)<br />
Chemical (e.g. explosives, corrosive materials)<br />
Noise and Vibration<br />
Thermal (heat)<br />
Radiation (Nonionizing e.g. microwave, and ionizing e.g. nuclear radiation, x-rays)<br />
Pressure (air, water)<br />
A2.C.4.6. RESOURCES. This tool requires sophisticated understanding of the technical characteristics of<br />
systems and of the various energy types and barriers. Availability of a safety professional, especially a<br />
safety engineer or other professional engineer is important.<br />
A2.C.4.7. COMMENTS. All mishaps involve the unwanted release of one kind of energy or another.<br />
This fact makes the ETBA a powerful hazard ID tool. When the risk stakes are high and the system is<br />
complex, the ETBA is a must have.<br />
A2.C.4.8. EXAMPLES. A simplified (no use of electrical schematics) example of the ETBA procedure is<br />
provided at Figure A2.38.<br />
87
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