BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE PAMPHLET 91-215 SECRETARY ...

Figure A4.2. Example Risk Control Options Matrix.
OPTIONS SOME EXAMPLES
ENGINEER (Energy Mgt).
Limit Energy Lower voltages, small amount of explosives, reduce heights, reduce speeds
Substitute Safer Form Use air power, less hazardous chemicals, more stable explosives/chemicals
Prevent Buildup Use automatic cutoffs, blowout panels, limit momentum, governors
Prevent Release Containment, double/triple containment
Provide Slow Release Use pressure relief valves, energy absorbing materials
Rechannel/separate In Time/Space Automatic processes, diverters, barriers, distance
Provide Special Maint of Controls Special procedures, special checks/audits
GUARD.
On Source Fire suppression systems, energy absorbing systems (crash walls, etc.)
Barrier Between Revetments, walls, distance
On Human or Object Personal protective equipment, energy absorbing materials
Raise Threshold (harden) Acclimatization, over-design, reinforcement, physical conditioning
IMPROVE TASK DESIGN.
Sequence of Events (Flow) Put tough tasks first before fatigue, don’t schedule several tough tasks in a row
Timing (within tasks, between tasks) Allow sufficient time to perform, to practice. Allow adequate time between tasks
Man-Machine Interface/Ergonomics Assure equipment fits the people, and effective ergonomic design
Simplify Tasks Provide job aids, reduce steps, provides tools like lifters communications aids
Reduce Task Loads Set weight limits, automate mental calculations and some monitoring tasks
(physical, mental, emotional) Avoid excessive stress, provide breaks, vacations, spread risk among many
Backout Options Establish points where process reversal is possible when hazard is detected
LIMIT EXPOSURE.
Number of People or Items Only expose essential personnel & things
Time Minimize the time of exposure - Don’t bring the explosives until the last minute
Iterations Don’t do it as often
SELECTION OF PERSONNEL.
Mental Criteria Essential basic intelligence, and essential skills and proficiency
Emotional Criteria Essential stability and maturity
Physical Criteria Essential strength, motor skills, endurance, size
Experience Demonstrated performance abilities
TRAIN AND EDUCATE.
Core Tasks (especially critical tasks) Define critical minimum abilities, train, test and score
Leader Tasks Define essential leader tasks and standards, train, test and score
Emergency Contingency Tasks Define, assign, train, verify ability
Safety Tasks Hazard ID, risk controls, maintenance of standards
Rehearsals Validate processes, validate skills, verify interfaces
WARN.
Signs/Color Coding Warning signs, instruction signs, traffic signs
Audio/Visual Alarms Bells, flares, flashing lights, klaxons, whistles
Briefings Refresher warnings, demonstrate hazards, refresh training
MOTIVATE.
Measurable Standards Define minimum acceptable risk controls, see that tasks are assigned
Essential Accountability Check performance at an essential level of frequency and detail
Positive/negative Incentives Meaningful individual & group rewards, punishment
Competition Healthy individual and group competition on a fair basis
Demonstrations of Effects Graphic, dynamic, but tasteful demonstrations of effects of unsafe acts
REDUCE EFFECTS.
Emergency Equipment Fire extinguishers, first aid materials, spill containment materials
Rescue Capabilities A rescue squad, rescue equipment, helicopter rescue
Emergency Medical Care Trained first aid personnel, medical facilities
Emergency Damage Control Procedures Emergency responses for anticipated contingencies, coordinating agencies
Backups/Redundant Capabilities Alternate ways to continue the mission if primaries are lost
REHABILITATE.
Personnel Rehabilitation services restore confidence
Facilities/equipment Get key elements back in service
Mission Capabilities Focus on restoration of the mission
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