JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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2. Annex 9 (Facilitation) establishes procedures for SRU entry into different countries. 3. Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunications) specifies certain emergency communications and equipment. 4. Annex 11 (Air Traffic Services) provides for the alerting of SAR services by use. Agreed procedures are contained in ICAO's Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS), and supplement Convention standards and recommended practices. Detailed suggestions for operation of services are in the ICAO technical manuals, including the ICAO Search and Rescue Manual. Detailed plans for each world region are contained in regional "Air Navigation Plans." The SAR sections of these documents contain lists of facilities including RCCs, aircraft, and marine craft, charts showing the geographic areas of responsibility of each member country, and lists of regional recommendations. Many standards and recommended practices adopted under the Convention, and portions of other ICAO documents accepted by the United States, are incorporated into the National SAR Manual. B. International Maritime Organization (IMO) is similar to ICAO and governs shipping. IMO coordinates and issues international procedures for SAR at sea. It administers the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (see Appendix B), and requires some merchant vessels to carry emergency and survival equipment including radios equipped with an automatic alarm device. SOLAS also requires merchant vessels to respond to distress signals. IMO's International Code of Signals (INTERCO) includes sections on emergencies, distress, and SAR. IMO's Merchant 2-1
Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains procedures for merchant ships involved in SAR. IMO Search and Rescue Manual (IMOSAR) assists governments in meeting objectives of various international SAR conventions, provides for internally standardized SAR polices and procedures, and is closely aligned with the ICAO Search and Rescue Manual. C. International Telecommunications Union (ITU) coordinates international radio regulations and recommendations (see Appendix B). It prescribes the frequencies and signals for uncertainty, alert, distress, emergency, and safety messages. ITU provides the Coast Guard, RCCs, and other organizations concerned with safety of life at sea, with information on ships in distress or in need of assistance. The information may be requested by TELEX during ITU office hours (0800 - 1800 hours Z+1), TELEX No. 23 000/23 000. D. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) establishes standard weather report terminology and format, and maintains a worldwide weather watch. E. World Health Organization (WHO) coordinates worldwide health efforts, establishes standard immunization forms, and coordinates health requirements for entry into a participating nation's territory. F. Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) publishes the IADB SAR Manual (DOC C-1542) for use by member states. It standardizes SAR procedures in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French. The United States Joint Chiefs of Staff has approved use of the manual in SAR involving United States forces with the other IADB member countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. G. NATO Military Agency for Standardization (MAS) enables North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces to effectively operate together by standardizing operations and equipment. H. Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC) consists of Air Force officers from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. ASCC conducts studies, reviews procedures and equipment, and recommends agreements, called Air Standards, to standardize the Air Forces of member nations. I. Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT) is an interagency, internationally sponsored system of low altitude, nearpolar orbiting satellites and ground receiving stations. The network is designed to provide the approximate positions of distress beacon signals from maritime Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBS) and aviation Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs). The USSR provides an interoperable segment, COSPAS, which is combined to form the COSPAS/SARSAT system. SARSAT detects emergency signals on the distress frequencies of 121.5 and 243.0 MHz. Positions provided using these frequencies normally have a navigational accuracy of 12 nautical miles or less. SARSAT also detects the 406 MHz beacon which is being
Page 1 and 2: JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
Page 3 and 4: e. Update of information and graph
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
Page 7 and 8: . Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
Page 9 and 10: ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
Page 11 and 12: COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
Page 13 and 14: FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
Page 15 and 16: MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
Page 17 and 18: PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
Page 19 and 20: TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
Page 23 and 24: consolidates the information needed
Page 25 and 26: } Figure 1-2. United States Search
Page 27 and 28: Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
Page 29 and 30: 131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
Page 31 and 32: 1. The shore station nearest the re
Page 33 and 34: (3) Determine the mission-ready sta
Page 35 and 36: . A Wreckage Locator File with all
Page 37 and 38: directories, SMC planning and docum
Page 39 and 40: on scene conditions advising the SM
Page 41 and 42: lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
Page 43: CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
Page 47 and 48: messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
Page 49 and 50: for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
Page 51 and 52: snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
Page 53 and 54: surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
Page 55 and 56: 3. Maneuverability is necessary for
Page 57 and 58: has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
Page 59 and 60: manning and configuration. Larger v
Page 61 and 62: physical training, skill in communi
Page 63 and 64: special qualifications desirable in
Page 65 and 66: Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
Page 67 and 68: platform. Also of use for SAR are c
Page 69 and 70: 3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
Page 71 and 72: continental U.S. and at offshore lo
Page 73 and 74: the potential for recording data wi
Page 75 and 76: other craft or radio stations: 1. A
Page 77 and 78: EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
Page 79 and 80: vessels) will be required to carry
Page 81 and 82: . Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
Page 83 and 84: 9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
Page 85 and 86: 4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
Page 87 and 88: 3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
Page 89 and 90: 3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
Page 91 and 92: SRUs and agencies. A search action
Page 93 and 94: 2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
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645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
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Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
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a. The effects of time on task vary
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Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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5. Scanners forced to look into the
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645 Search Target This effect can b
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Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
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Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
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C. Multisensor search is either mul
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Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
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1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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altitude to make the sighting repor
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lue and white checkered flag), or s
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Rescue planning involves dispatchin
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pararescue teams can place medicall
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Speed and ability to sustain surviv
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1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
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other factors affecting rescue. 742
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Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
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2. Rations packs - concentrated or
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753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
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than 6 feet (2 meters) apart, inter
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800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
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TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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strength of the wind and steepness
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the area of greatest turbulence, an
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823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
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2. A team leader is responsible for
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Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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the track spacing would be 100 feet
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1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
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Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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unlaundered carefully preserved sce
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5. As indicated previously, it is i
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debriefing, transport to a delivery
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complete mental collapse due to the
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medical training, qualifications, a
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1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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accept that the search cannot conti
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used for statistical analysis, syst
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Each RCC maintains a chronological
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aircraft that they are near the sce
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(day or night), date, search area a
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1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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differing requirements of each coun
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RCC, which will plan the search and
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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