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FOOTNOTES CHAPTER 1: 1 IMO Merchant Ship and Rescue Manual (MERSAR). London, England: International Maritime Organization, 1986. 2 Various International Agreements. 3 IMO Search and Rescue Manual. London, England: International Organization, 1987. CHAPTER 3: 1 COSPAS-SARSAT Terms and Acronyms Used in the United States: Adopted by the U.S. COSPAS-SARSAT Program Steering Group, June 1988. CHAPTER 4: 1 Robe, R.Q. and Hover, G.L., Visual Sweep Width Determination for Three Visual Distress Signaling Devices. Report NO. CG-D-30-86. U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center, and Analysis & Technology, Inc., September 1986. 2 Hayward, J.S., B.Sc., Ph.D., The Physiology of Immersion Hypothermia, in The Nature and Treatment of Hypothermia, edited by Pozos, R.S., Ph.D. and Wittmers, L.E., Jr., Ph.D., Copyright (c) 1983 by the University of Minnesota. Reprinted by permission of the University of Minnesota Press. CHAPTER 5: 1 Robe, R.Q. and Hover, G.L., Visual Sweep Width Determination for Three Visual distress Signaling Devices. Report NO. CG-D-30-86. U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center, and Analysis & Technology, Inc., September 1986. 2 Robe, R.Q., Lewandowski, M.J., Hover, G.L., and Searle, H.S., Preliminary Sweep Width Determination for HU-25A Airborne Radars: Life Raft and Recreational Boat Targets. Report NO. CG-D-11-88. U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center, and Analysis & Technology, Inc., Interim Report December 1987. [Robe, R.Q., Lewandowski, M.J., Hover, G.L., and Searle, H.S., Sweep Width Determination for HU-25B Airborne Radars: Life Raft and Recreational Boat Targets. Report NO. (pends approval). U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center, and Analysis & Technology, Inc., Interim Report May 1989.] CHAPTER 6: 1 Robe, R.Q. and Hover, G.L., Visual Sweep Width Determination for Three Visual Distress Signaling Devices. Report NO. CG-D-30-86. U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center, and Analysis & Technology, Inc., September 1986. FN-1
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Matter Page Numbers Effective Pages Title Page i (Reverse Blank) Original Letter of Promulgation iii thru iv Original Preface v thru vi Original Record of Changes vi Original Table of Contents vii (Reverse Blank) Original Abbreviations/Acronyms ix thru xiv Original Chapter 1 1-1 thru 1-12 Original Chapter 2 2-1 thru 2-16 Original Chapter 3 3-1 thru 3-12 Original Chapter 4 4-1 thru 4-11 (Reverse Blank) Original Chapter 5 5-1 thru 5-46 Original Chapter 6 6-1 thru 6-23 (Reverse Blank) Original Chapter 7 7-1 thru 7-11 (Reverse Blank) Original Chapter 8 8-1 thru 8-13 (Reverse Blank) Original Chapter 9 9-1 thru 9-4 Original Chapter 10 10-1 thru 10-3 (Reverse Blank) Original Chapter 11 11-1 thru 11-4 Original Chapter 12 12-1 thru 12-6 Original Chapter 13 13-1 thru 13-3 (Reverse Blank) Original Glossary Glos-1 thru Glos-10 Original References Ref-1 thru Ref-5 (Reverse Blank) Original Appendix A A-1 thru A-5 (Reverse Blank) Original Appendix B B-1 thru B-5 (Reverse Blank) Original Appendix C C-1 thru C-5 (Reverse Blank) Original Appendix D D-1 thru D-2 Original
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
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645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
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Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
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a. The effects of time on task vary
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Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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5. Scanners forced to look into the
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645 Search Target This effect can b
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Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
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Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
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C. Multisensor search is either mul
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Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
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1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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altitude to make the sighting repor
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lue and white checkered flag), or s
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Rescue planning involves dispatchin
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pararescue teams can place medicall
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Speed and ability to sustain surviv
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1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
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other factors affecting rescue. 742
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Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
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2. Rations packs - concentrated or
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753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
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than 6 feet (2 meters) apart, inter
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800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
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TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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strength of the wind and steepness
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the area of greatest turbulence, an
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823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
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2. A team leader is responsible for
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Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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the track spacing would be 100 feet
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1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
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Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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unlaundered carefully preserved sce
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5. As indicated previously, it is i
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debriefing, transport to a delivery
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complete mental collapse due to the
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medical training, qualifications, a
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1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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accept that the search cannot conti
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used for statistical analysis, syst
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Each RCC maintains a chronological
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aircraft that they are near the sce
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(day or night), date, search area a
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1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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differing requirements of each coun
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RCC, which will plan the search and
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra