JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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the highest tailwind component. C. Coordinated Search Formulas The formulas used to preplan or execute coordinated air/surface search patterns are summarized below and explained in subsequent paragraphs. 1. Ship speed: 2. Aircraft turn diameter: SVa Vs = ----- L + S TAS + 10 TD = -------- 100 3. General half searchleg timing: 60 L-TD t = ---- x ---- (in minutes) GS 2 4. Into the wind half searchleg timing: 30(L-TD) 30y1 t1 = -------- x ---- (in minutes) V1 V1 5. Downwind half searchleg timing: 30(L-TD) 30y2 t2 = -------- x ---- (in minutes) V2 V2 6. Crossleg timing: 3600(S-TD) t3 = ---------- (in seconds) V3 7. Bowtie solution: D. Coordinated Search Patterns LVs X = ----- 2V1 LVs Y = ----- 2V2 The coordinated search patterns are: CSC - Creeping Line Single-Unit Coordinated. CSR - Creeping Line Single-Unit Radar.
These patterns are variations of the Creeping Line Pattern. If the only available surface craft is a boat or larger vessel untrained in directing or coordinating aircraft, the CSC pattern is used. If the surface craft is a Navy vessel or a Coast Guard cutter, trained in directing or coordinating aircraft, the CSR pattern is normally used. E. Search Pattern Vessels 1. Vessel heading and track. The vessel track will normally be the direction of creep specified in the SMC SAR action plan. If an ocean current set is present, vessel heading should be corrected to ensure the desired search track. 2. Vessel speed. The vessel speed (Vs) is adjusted so that the time required for the aircraft to fly along one complete searchleg and one crossleg is equal to the time required for the vessel to advance on crossleg. 3. Aircraft headings and speeds. After the vessel search speed has been determined, the aircraft wind-corrected headings and groundspeeds are computed. Most aircraft navigational computers can quickly provide the wind-corrected headings, groundspeeds, and times required to fly searchlegs. The aircraft pilot should be given the necessary information to allow a check of vessel computations. 4. Aircraft turn diameter. The formula for aircraft turn diameter (par. C2) is predicated on the aircraft making standard rate turns (3 degrees heading change per second). Unlike a surface vessel, aircraft do not experience a noticeable difference between advance and transfer during the first 90 degrees of turn. An aircraft starts its turn one-half turn diameter before the end of the searchleg, and rolls out of the turn one-half turn diameter down the new searchleg. The searchleg length equals the straightaway plus one full turn diameter (L = y + TD), and the crossleg equals the straightaway plus one full turn diameter (S = x + TD). 5. Aircraft crossleg time a. The vessel should precompute the time required for the aircraft to fly the straightaway distance of the crossleg. This information is included in one of the early advisories passed to the aircraft after arrival. b. The aircraft requires 30 seconds to execute a 90 degree standard rate turn. Since the aircraft will be making two 90 degree turns on each end of the crossleg straightaway in any creeping line pattern, all maneuvering onto and off of crosslegs requires 60 seconds plus t3. See Figure E-1. E-2
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
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645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
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Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
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a. The effects of time on task vary
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Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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5. Scanners forced to look into the
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645 Search Target This effect can b
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Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
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Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
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C. Multisensor search is either mul
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Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
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1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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altitude to make the sighting repor
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lue and white checkered flag), or s
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Rescue planning involves dispatchin
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pararescue teams can place medicall
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Speed and ability to sustain surviv
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1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
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other factors affecting rescue. 742
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Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
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2. Rations packs - concentrated or
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753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
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than 6 feet (2 meters) apart, inter
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800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
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TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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strength of the wind and steepness
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the area of greatest turbulence, an
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823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
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2. A team leader is responsible for
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Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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the track spacing would be 100 feet
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1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
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Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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unlaundered carefully preserved sce
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5. As indicated previously, it is i
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debriefing, transport to a delivery
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complete mental collapse due to the
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medical training, qualifications, a
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1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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accept that the search cannot conti
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used for statistical analysis, syst
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Each RCC maintains a chronological
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aircraft that they are near the sce
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(day or night), date, search area a
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1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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differing requirements of each coun
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RCC, which will plan the search and
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Page 329 and 330: Military Assistance to Safety and T
Page 331 and 332: Probability of Detection (POD): The
Page 333 and 334: Search Action Plan: Message, normal
Page 335 and 336: SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
Page 337 and 338: composed of significant assigned co
Page 339 and 340: Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
Page 341 and 342: Emergency Response Institute. Helic
Page 343 and 344: University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
Page 345 and 346: List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
Page 347 and 348: 1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
Page 349 and 350: use of wire and radio facilities fo
Page 351 and 352: Area for the advantageous execution
Page 353 and 354: maintain liaison with and support e
Page 355 and 356: Figure A-1. United States Search an
Page 357 and 358: air SAR units, and provide guidance
Page 359 and 360: far as possible, afford adequate me
Page 361 and 362: which shall act in close and contin
Page 363 and 364: established by the Convention on In
Page 365 and 366: December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
Page 367 and 368: outstretched to each side. j. Inver
Page 369 and 370: Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
Page 371 and 372: Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
Page 373 and 374: Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
Page 375 and 376: to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
Page 377: straightaway length (x) of the cros
Page 381 and 382: c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
Page 383 and 384: adjacent to it, are the following:
Page 385 and 386: d. If the shaded portions of Figure
Page 387 and 388: 3. Relative motion pattern solution
Page 389 and 390: through the tail of the ship's vect
Page 391 and 392: Request the aircraft to report amou
Page 393 and 394: information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
Page 395 and 396: APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
Page 397 and 398: 4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
Page 399 and 400: LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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