JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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3. Compensation was made for search degradation caused by weather, navigational, mechanical, or other difficulties. C. A determination about the survivability of the search objective should be made, considering: 1. Time elapsed since the incident. 2. Environmental conditions. 3. Age, experience, and physical condition of potential survivors. 4. Search objective's will to live. 5. Survival equipment available. 6. Immersion tables, light aircraft crash studies, and other studies or information relating to survival in similar situations. Maritime survival charts usually apply to persons without protective clothing, and times will be longer for persons with survival suits or other thermal protection. 1012 Notifying Relatives The SMC should make the notification to relatives of the distressed or missing persons that the mission has been suspended. Relatives normally are more willing to accept the decision to suspend if they have been allowed to follow the progress of the search. During the search the SMC should maintain daily contact with relatives to provide information and outline future plans. Providing access to SMC headquarters, if appropriate, enables relatives to see the search effort. Notification of the decision to suspend should be made at least one day prior to suspension of operations, allowing relatives at least one more day of hope, while giving them time to 10-1
accept that the search cannot continue indefinitely. 1020 REOPENING A SUSPENDED MISSION If significant new information or clues are developed, reopening of a suspended mission should be considered. Reopening without good reason may lead to unneeded use of resources and risk of injury to searchers, and possible inability to respond to other emergencies. 1030 EXTENDED SEARCH OPERATIONS Some missions are continued beyond the time when they ordinarily would be suspended because of lack of a reasonable probability of locating survivors. Extended searches may be conducted due to humanitarian considerations, number of persons involved, or a forecast of greatly improved search conditions. Searching is inherently dangerous, and SRUs should not be risked when potential for saving life is minimal, or when their use may preclude their availability for other missions. SRUs should not be hazarded in extended search operations to the same degree as during normal search operations. 1040 SRU RETURN SRUs are limited in the number of hours they can operate safely and efficiently. The operating agencies and services providing the units establish these limitations. When long missions are contemplated, augmented or additional crews should be made available. A SAR mission is not ended until the last SRU has returned to its operational base and all participating agencies are de-alerted. 1041 SRU Use and Diversion SMCs must consider the time required for SRU return to base, refueling, maintenance, and replenishment, and remaining operating time limitations, when projecting SRU capability to respond to another SAR mission. When a mission involves extended large-scale search operations, the SMC must account for crew and SRU availability. Anticipating and planning for these time requirements can alleviate much of the frustration caused by delays in SRU return to scene. The parent agency should be able to provide an estimate of the time when an SRU will be ready for another assignment. While an SRU would normally return to its operational base, it could be diverted directly to another SAR mission. If an SRU is diverted, or departs on a new mission, the time of diversion should be recorded as the end of the first mission for that SRU. 1042 SRU Debriefing Debriefing of all participating SRU crews is desired. It should occur as soon as possible after the sortie. Debriefing while a SAR mission is still in progress may determine whether additional information is available for the SMC. Furthermore, the SRU crew reaction to instructions received, coordination and control support
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
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645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
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Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
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a. The effects of time on task vary
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Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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5. Scanners forced to look into the
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645 Search Target This effect can b
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Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
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Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
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C. Multisensor search is either mul
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Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
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1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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altitude to make the sighting repor
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Page 251 and 252: Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
Page 253 and 254: 2. Rations packs - concentrated or
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Page 259 and 260: 800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
Page 263 and 264: strength of the wind and steepness
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Page 271 and 272: Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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Page 277 and 278: Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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Page 293 and 294: used for statistical analysis, syst
Page 295 and 296: Each RCC maintains a chronological
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Page 301 and 302: 1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
Page 303 and 304: G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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Page 311 and 312: 1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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Page 319 and 320: GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
Page 321 and 322: Awareness Range: Distance at which
Page 323 and 324: 3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
Page 325 and 326: Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Page 329 and 330: Military Assistance to Safety and T
Page 331 and 332: Probability of Detection (POD): The
Page 333 and 334: Search Action Plan: Message, normal
Page 335 and 336: SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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Page 339 and 340: Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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