JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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CHAPTER 9. EMERGENCY 900 General 910 EMS Personnel 920 Emergency Care 921 SRU Procedures 922 Cold Water Near-Drowning 923 Diving Accident Victims 924 Survivor Emotions 925 Survivor Debriefing CHAPTER 9. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES 930 Survivor Evacuation and Transport 931 Evacuation from Marine Craft 932 Evacuation from Land Areas 933 Survivor Delivery 940 Fixed Medical Facilities 900 GENERAL The capability of sustaining life after rescue is as important as the searching for, and rescuing of, survivors. The SAR system has four major Emergency Medical Services (EMS) capabilities: A. Personnel trained in emergency care. B. Lifesaving and life sustaining services to survivors. C. Survivor evacuation and transport. D. Medical facilities to receive injured survivors. 910 EMS PERSONNEL Emergency medical services personnel are trained to provide emergency medical care lifesaving services at the distress scene. In addition, these personnel may be trained to provide life support and life-sustaining services during survivor extraction from wreckage, evacuation, and transport to a receiving medical facility. They include SAR crewmen and pararescuemen qualified to administer basic lifesaving first aid and specially trained EMS personnel such as doctors, nurses, corpsmen, paramedics, or SAR emergency medical technicians (EMTs). 920 EMERGENCY CARE Emergency care that may be needed includes extraction or removal from wreckage, triage (the sorting and assignment of priorities for attendance, care, treatment, and transportation of multiple survivors), first aid and emergency care to stabilize survivor condition, survivor
debriefing, transport to a delivery point, life support during transport, transfer/delivery of survivors at the delivery point, and briefing of receiving authorities at the delivery point. 921 SRU Procedures SAR personnel should ensure the rescue of all persons trapped in a hazardous environment who can be rescued without unduly compromising the survival of others. Survivor processing begins as soon as possible after the survivor is extracted from wreckage, or boards a rescue craft. The number of survivors, type of SRU, and medical resources available determine the nature of processing and any further SAR efforts. Medical evacuation involving transport by aircraft should be coordinated closely with a recognized medical authority. A search team should: A. Conduct triage and render medical care. B. Begin extraction if it will not unduly jeopardize other survivors. C. Provide shelter for survivors until evacuation. D. Evacuate survivors. In addition, SRUs should report survivor status to the OSC, debrief survivors, examine personal effects of deceased persons for identification, begin to locate missing survivors, safeguard personal effects of survivors, and preserve medical evidence, physical evidence, mail, and classified matter for future use. Detailed debriefing of survivors should be conducted for reports and accident investigation. Statements given by survivors shortly after accidents may be significant for prevention of other accidents and for revision of search plans. 922 Cold Water Near-Drowning Victims of near-drowning in cold water (70 degrees F or less) often appear lifeless, cold, blue, non-breathing, and show no detectable heartbeat. If immersion is less than one hour, prompt CPR should 9-1
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
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645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
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Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
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a. The effects of time on task vary
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Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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5. Scanners forced to look into the
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645 Search Target This effect can b
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Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
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Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
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Page 233 and 234: Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
Page 235 and 236: 1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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Page 259 and 260: 800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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Page 271 and 272: Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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Page 277 and 278: Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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Page 301 and 302: 1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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Page 313 and 314: CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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Page 317 and 318: 1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
Page 319 and 320: GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Page 323 and 324: 3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
Page 325 and 326: Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Page 329 and 330: Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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