JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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3. The SRU is highly maneuverable and has a high climbing rate and small turning radius. 4. An accurate record is kept of the area searched. There may be some mountain peaks and valleys shrouded in clouds which need to be searched again when conditions permit. The aircrew should plot actual search coverage as tracks are flown. One method is to shade areas searched and outline areas unsearched on a large-scale topographical map with overlays. This should be provided to search planners at the first opportunity. B. Contour Multiunit (OM). Multiunit searches are conducted only by land teams because of difficulty in maintaining aircraft separation in multiunit searches. Figure 8-3. Contour Search Patterns 8-5
823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC, IC or OSC should not hesitate using air and ground SRUs on the same search. For air searches, ground units may be needed to check possible targets, secure distress beacons and rescue persons in distress. Air SRUs may be able to provide airlift to ground units, locate the objective sooner, signal survivors or indicate to them that they have been located, and lead ground units to the scene. The aircrew may be able to ascertain whether a distress situation exists, allowing ground response to be modified as appropriate. Airborne communications support is also possible. A. When either element is supporting the other, effective communications are needed. Common radio frequencies should be established when possible; standard air-to-ground and ground-to-air signals are not adequate. 1. Since aircraft have at least one radio, it is easiest for the aircrew and ground units to use an aeronautical frequency. 2. Since portable aircraft radios are normally not available to ground SRUs, communications can be provided by equipping an aircraft with a radio operating on ground frequencies. This is particularly useful when working with military aircraft which normally have only UHF communications. Generally, ground frequencies provide more complete communications since there are usually more ground units than aircraft involved. 3. A portable radio used by one of the aircrew can suffice. If a particular aircraft is used for air support often, an external antenna should be mounted on the aircraft with a connection inside for the portable radio. The best method is to permanently mount in the aircraft a multichannel radio covering normal ground SRU frequencies. 4. Regardless of the radio system used, all units should have knowledge of, and access to, the list of standard air-toground and ground-to-air signals. B. Air and ground SRUs should use the same maps. 1. Aircraft sectionals and military Joint Operations Graphics (JOG, scale: 1:250,000) are not detailed enough for ground search, but are necessary for land SRUs working with air SRUs. U.S. Geological Survey and Defense Mapping Agency topographic maps are difficult for aircrews to use but are needed when low level and contour searches are flown. 2. Medium scale maps, such as U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, USGS intermediate scale (1:100,000), and local road maps are most versatile for air/ground coordination. 3. If each SRU has similar maps and charts, search efficiency and coordination will be maximized.
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
Page 215 and 216: 645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
Page 217 and 218: Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
Page 219 and 220: a. The effects of time on task vary
Page 221 and 222: Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
Page 223 and 224: 5. Scanners forced to look into the
Page 225 and 226: 645 Search Target This effect can b
Page 227 and 228: Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
Page 229 and 230: Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
Page 231 and 232: C. Multisensor search is either mul
Page 233 and 234: Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
Page 235 and 236: 1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
Page 237 and 238: altitude to make the sighting repor
Page 239 and 240: lue and white checkered flag), or s
Page 241 and 242: Rescue planning involves dispatchin
Page 243 and 244: pararescue teams can place medicall
Page 245 and 246: Speed and ability to sustain surviv
Page 247 and 248: 1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
Page 249 and 250: other factors affecting rescue. 742
Page 251 and 252: Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
Page 253 and 254: 2. Rations packs - concentrated or
Page 255 and 256: 753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
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Page 259 and 260: 800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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Page 269 and 270: 2. A team leader is responsible for
Page 271 and 272: Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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Page 275 and 276: 1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
Page 277 and 278: Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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Page 281 and 282: 5. As indicated previously, it is i
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Page 289 and 290: 1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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Page 293 and 294: used for statistical analysis, syst
Page 295 and 296: Each RCC maintains a chronological
Page 297 and 298: aircraft that they are near the sce
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Page 301 and 302: 1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
Page 303 and 304: G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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Page 309 and 310: commander and the Department of Sta
Page 311 and 312: 1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
Page 313 and 314: CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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