JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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should coordinated on scene reliefs to ensure that the relieving RU arrives before the time when the RU on scene must depart. 770 SURVIVOR EMERGENCY CARE AND DEBRIEFING The emergency care and debriefing of survivors are covered in Chapter 9. 7-11
800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 811 Grid Searches 812 Inland Probability of Detection 813 Weather Conditions 814 Aerial Sightings CHAPTER 8. INLAND SAR OPERATIONS 820 Air/Ground Searches 821 Mountain Helicopter Considerations 822 Contour Search Patterns 823 Air/Ground Coordination 824 Search Execution 825 Recording Search Coverage 826 Search Interrogation 827 Wreckage Precautions 830 Land SAR 831 Lost Persons 832 Action Plans 800 GENERAL A. SAR operations unique to the inland environment are discussed in this Chapter, while aspects common to inland and maritime regions are discussed throughout this Manual. Inland SAR incidents usually involve missing light aircraft or lost persons. B. For light aircraft crashes: 1. About three-fourths of all crashes occur within 5 miles of a proposed course. 2. Inclement weather is a factor in over 70 percent of crashes. 3. Mountainous terrain is a factor in about 40 percent of crashes. 4. If weather deteriorates, most pilots continue on track and descend to maintain visual conditions. C. SAR procedures for lost persons are normally based on available data about individuals, environment and case histories. 810 AIRCRAFT SEARCHES Aircraft searches overland differ from maritime searching in that diverse and often changing terrain usually makes location of search objects more difficult. Repeated searches of an area are almost always necessary to attain an acceptable Cumulative Probability of Detection. Natural and man-made obstacles and turbulence in mountainous areas may
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
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Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
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The major pattern characteristic is
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Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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Page 209 and 210: 642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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Page 215 and 216: 645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
Page 217 and 218: Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
Page 219 and 220: a. The effects of time on task vary
Page 221 and 222: Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
Page 223 and 224: 5. Scanners forced to look into the
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Page 227 and 228: Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
Page 229 and 230: Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
Page 231 and 232: C. Multisensor search is either mul
Page 233 and 234: Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
Page 235 and 236: 1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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Page 239 and 240: lue and white checkered flag), or s
Page 241 and 242: Rescue planning involves dispatchin
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Page 245 and 246: Speed and ability to sustain surviv
Page 247 and 248: 1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
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Page 251 and 252: Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
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Page 255 and 256: 753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
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Page 261 and 262: TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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Page 271 and 272: Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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Page 275 and 276: 1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
Page 277 and 278: Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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Page 281 and 282: 5. As indicated previously, it is i
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Page 289 and 290: 1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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Page 293 and 294: used for statistical analysis, syst
Page 295 and 296: Each RCC maintains a chronological
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Page 301 and 302: 1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
Page 303 and 304: G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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