JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
teams and sleds, and lastly, snowshoes and skis. B. Swamp rescue is usually performed by helicopter, but air boats and hovercraft may be used in tidal grass swamps. All types of swamps have been penetrated by land SRUs, but the time required and difficulties encountered indicate that all other possible methods of reaching the distress scene and evacuating survivors should be considered first. When RUs must be dispatched into swamp areas, the following should be considered. 1. While the bottom in a cypress swamp is relatively firm, it is pocketed with many holes not visible from the surface. 2. Ground party visibility is limited in tropical cypress, palmetto, and mangrove swamps. Covering aircraft may have to be used to vector the RU to the distress scene. 3. Mangrove trees and root systems present considerable barriers to walk-in penetration. 4. The many tidal runs in tidal swamps, averaging 3 feet in depth, will impede progress. Both inland and tidal grass swamps have areas of silt-laden mud which may be quite deep. 740 RESCUE OPERATIONS A. Rescue operations consist of rescue briefing, dispatch of units and en route travel, on scene procedures, survivor transport and debriefing, return to base, and debriefing of SAR personnel. B. Rescue operations do not end until all located distressed persons or craft are rescued or accounted for. Since search operations continue until all survivors or distressed craft are located or the search is suspended, there may be an overlap when more than one person or craft is involved. C. During rescue operations, safety considerations are critical. No RU should be directed to execute a maneuver hazardous to the craft or crew unless a thorough evaluation indicates that the risk is acceptable. While the OSC and SMC should have the experience, training, and knowledge of the capabilities of the RU to make the evaluation, the RU commander has ultimate authority and responsibility for determining whether and operation can be executed safely. 741 Rescue Briefing The crew of the dispatched RU should be thoroughly briefed on the plan developed by the SMC. If no rescue action plan has been developed, the RU commander develops and executes a rescue plan. The briefing may include the situation, weather, access routes, rescue unit assignments, recommended rescue method and technique, on scene communications, coordinating instructions, evacuation plan, safe delivery point, expected relief times, expected support from other SAR facilities, and
other factors affecting rescue. 742 RU Dispatch and Transit When SRUs are unable to complete a rescue, RUs should be alerted and dispatched. The time an RU will need to depart and arrive on scene should be considered by the SMC. Delays in rescuing survivors in a hostile environment should be avoided. 743 SAR Helicopter Escort Fixed-wing aircraft may escort SAR helicopters with limited navigation capabilities to offshore locations. SAR helicopters are also normally escorted over hazardous or remote areas. The fixed-wing escort may provide navigation, communications relay, and rescue assistance. A. Prior to escort the escorted pilot will be briefed on the escort flight pattern. The escort crew should know the number of personnel on the escorted aircraft and advise what method of rescue would be used if an emergency arises. B. Visual and communications contact should be maintained. MF, VHF, or UHF homing procedures may be used to aid navigation. If weather conditions prevent visual contact, the escorted aircraft should be advised. Based on fuel remaining, terrain, terminal facilities, terminal weather, and mission urgency, a decision will be made on whether the helicopter should land and wait for favorable weather, return to base, or continue. The escort should continue to monitor and assist the aircraft being escorted, using any effective electronics or communications equipment. C. Depending on the difference of speed between the escort aircraft and the helicopter, one of the following patterns may be used: 7-5
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- Page 221 and 222: Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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- Page 233 and 234: Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
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- Page 259 and 260: 800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
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- Page 263 and 264: strength of the wind and steepness
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- Page 267 and 268: 823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
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- Page 271 and 272: Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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other factors affecting rescue.<br />
742 RU Dispatch <strong>and</strong> Transit<br />
When SRUs are unable to complete a rescue, RUs should be alerted<br />
<strong>and</strong> dispatched. The time an RU will need to depart <strong>and</strong> arrive on scene<br />
should be considered by the SMC. Delays in rescuing survivors in a<br />
hostile environment should be avoided.<br />
743 SAR Helicopter Escort<br />
Fixed-wing aircraft may escort SAR helicopters with limited<br />
navigation capabilities to offshore locations. SAR helicopters are also<br />
normally escorted over hazardous or remote areas. The fixed-wing escort<br />
may provide navigation, communications relay, <strong>and</strong> rescue assistance.<br />
A. Prior to escort the escorted pilot will be briefed on the<br />
escort flight pattern. The escort crew should know the number of<br />
personnel on the escorted aircraft <strong>and</strong> advise what method of rescue<br />
would be used if an emergency arises.<br />
B. Visual <strong>and</strong> communications contact should be maintained. MF,<br />
VHF, or UHF homing procedures may be used to aid navigation. If weather<br />
conditions prevent visual contact, the escorted aircraft should be<br />
advised. Based on fuel remaining, terrain, terminal facilities,<br />
terminal weather, <strong>and</strong> mission urgency, a decision will be made on<br />
whether the helicopter should l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> wait for favorable weather,<br />
return to base, or continue. The escort should continue to monitor <strong>and</strong><br />
assist the aircraft being escorted, using any effective electronics or<br />
communications equipment.<br />
C. Depending on the difference of speed between the escort<br />
aircraft <strong>and</strong> the helicopter, one of the following patterns may be used:<br />
7-5
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