JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
for helicopters in remote regions or far out at sea. B. Fixed-wing Aircraft can transport survivors to the landing area. Specially configured aircraft for medical evacuation are ideal for long-range transportation of seriously injured survivors. They maybe able to land and take off from the surface at or near the incident site. Aircraft with aerial delivery systems are excellent for delivering supplies and equipment to survivors. Aircraft having bomb bays or exterior racks capable of carrying droppable containers or packages of survival stores are also usable. Other aircraft not designed for dropping operations may have to be used. The position of hatches and doors, the ease with which doors may be removed, and the ability to operate at low air speeds are factors that will affect selection. C. Marine Craft or various types may be appropriate. High-speed boats can transport survivors form rescue vessels near shore to the delivery point. When a rescue is made by a vessel with limited treatment facilities, it is sometimes necessary to locate another with better medical facilities and transfer survivors in need of treatment. It also may be necessary to transfer survivors in need of hospitalization from the RU to another vessel inbound. D. Ambulances, properly equipped, are usually selected for shortrange land transport when helicopters are unavailable. Ambulances are satisfactory when traffic conditions are light and suitable roads are available between the distress scene and emergency care center. Land transportation is subject to traffic tie-ups. E. Ground Rescue Teams can reach the distress scene in a remote area inaccessible to helicopter or ambulance. Local, State, and county authorities normally have jurisdiction and should provide trained ground parties. Properly trained ground parties area preferred to evacuate injured survivors. 730 PLANNING FOR RESCUES IN DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS Certain geographical areas with unique terrain, weather, or accessibility conditions pose special considerations. A. Arctic environments present a difficult rescue situation. Harsh weather, sparse population, and a lack of natural food and shelter make extended survival doubtful. Extreme cold, snow, ice, and lack of bases for rescue operations further complicate survivor recovery. Unless otherwise known, it should be assumed that personnel stranded in arctic areas lack the physical ability, equipment, and necessary skills for survival. Rescue planning should begin early during the search. Once the distress site is found, the means of rescue should be determined. Aerial evacuation is normally preferable. Where rescue is by land party, logistical support will usually be by aerial delivery. Continuous air coverage should be maintained for any land RU dispatched until recovery is effected.
1. Sustaining life. Immediately upon location of the distress site, the SRU should deliver provisions for continued survival even if it appears no survivors are present. Survivors may have built snow caves or other shelters and may not be visible from the air. Arctic SAR aircraft should carry air-droppable arctic survival kits or substitutes. a. Arctic survival professional may assist. Pararescue teams should be considered as a primary means of polar rescue. Appropriate agencies should be alerted and briefed as to the possible need for pararescue teams. b. Continuous, regular support of survivors and the safety of rescue teams are paramount. Harsh conditions in arctic areas can cause death in minutes without proper equipment and in hours even with good survival equipment. 2. Arctic Rescue Methods. The most effective methods depend on the location, weather, and physiological condition of the survivors. A base camp may be established and aerial recovery from it should normally be used. a. Aircrew qualifications should be considered in arctic rescue by helicopters, including training in emergency medical care and arctic survival. Icebreakers as helicopter advance bases may be desired. b. When using fixed-wing aircraft, an evaluation of surface conditions, ice thickness, and terrain features is essential. c. If land SRUs are used, survivors should not leave the incident site unless accompanied by a rescue party member. Surface transportation should be provided for the land party. The first choice is usually snowmobiles, followed by dog 7-4
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1. Sustaining life. Immediately upon location of the distress<br />
site, the SRU should deliver provisions for continued survival<br />
even if it appears no survivors are present. Survivors may<br />
have built snow caves or other shelters <strong>and</strong> may not be visible<br />
from the air. Arctic SAR aircraft should carry air-droppable<br />
arctic survival kits or substitutes.<br />
a. Arctic survival professional may assist. Pararescue<br />
teams should be considered as a primary means of polar rescue.<br />
Appropriate agencies should be alerted <strong>and</strong> briefed as to the<br />
possible need for pararescue teams.<br />
b. Continuous, regular support of survivors <strong>and</strong> the<br />
safety of rescue teams are paramount. Harsh conditions in<br />
arctic areas can cause death in minutes without proper<br />
equipment <strong>and</strong> in hours even with good survival equipment.<br />
2. Arctic <strong>Rescue</strong> Methods. The most effective methods depend on<br />
the location, weather, <strong>and</strong> physiological condition of the<br />
survivors. A base camp may be established <strong>and</strong> aerial recovery<br />
from it should normally be used.<br />
a. Aircrew qualifications should be considered in arctic<br />
rescue by helicopters, including training in emergency medical<br />
care <strong>and</strong> arctic survival. Icebreakers as helicopter advance<br />
bases may be desired.<br />
b. When using fixed-wing aircraft, an evaluation of<br />
surface conditions, ice thickness, <strong>and</strong> terrain features is<br />
essential.<br />
c. If l<strong>and</strong> SRUs are used, survivors should not leave the<br />
incident site unless accompanied by a rescue party member.<br />
Surface transportation should be provided for the l<strong>and</strong> party.<br />
The first choice is usually snowmobiles, followed by dog<br />
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