JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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. daylight weather. The primary advantage of this sensor over visual search occurs at night and in fog/haze conditions. Figure 6-13 illustrates typical SVR operation. 2. FLARs typically scan a 60 degree to 240 degree sector centered forward of the aircraft. FLAR detection range is limited more often by clutter or signal-to-noise ratio than by horizon distance. Figure 6-14 illustrates typical FLAR operation. 3. SLARs are usually capable of searching large areas to either side of the aircraft and include film or video records of the search for extended analysis. Figure 6-15 illustrates SLAR operation. Figure 6-13. Surface Vessel Radar (SVR) Figure 6-14. Forward-Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) Figure 6-15. Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) 6-17
Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detection 4. Radar detection is affected by a variety of environmental, target, and controllable parameters. Wind and sea state affect the amount of sea clutter present on the radar display. Rain, water vapor, snow, and other atmospheric content can have a drastic effect on radar detection ranges. Target size, shape, and material all affect radar detection range. In general, metallic targets are most detectable, while wood, fiberglass, and other "soft" targets are much less detectable. Target size determines the amount of transmitted power that potentially can be reflected and the size of the target's echo on the radar display. The effects of target shape on detectability are complex, but when devices such as radar reflectors are designed specifically to maximize the returned target echo, they can increase detection range dramatically. Antenna height affects the radar horizon and the grazing angle of the radar signal with the ocean surface. In general, shallow grazing angles produce the least clutter. Low altitudes are best when searching for most common SAR targets. Figure 6-16 illustrates the relationship between antenna height, horizon range, and grazing angle. Radar searches should always be used when: a. A target may be detected by a radar-equipped search platform available in addition to primary SRUs using visual or other search methods. b. Radar sweep width for the target and prevailing conditions is greater than for visual or other available search methods.
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
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Sweep widths should be approximated
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TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
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Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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again, unless it is determined furt
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c. This track spacing may exceed th
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a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
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E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
Page 177 and 178: Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
Page 179 and 180: The major pattern characteristic is
Page 181 and 182: Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
Page 183 and 184: Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
Page 185 and 186: area, they must fly their individua
Page 187 and 188: for large objects in well-defined s
Page 189 and 190: I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
Page 191 and 192: completed, the initial area, not th
Page 193 and 194: Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
Page 195 and 196: 560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
Page 197 and 198: NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
Page 199 and 200: described as previously discussed,
Page 201 and 202: procedures for aircraft SRUs should
Page 203 and 204: 1. Where sea current, tidal current
Page 205 and 206: eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
Page 207 and 208: to minimize clutter. While this is
Page 209 and 210: 642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
Page 211 and 212: one leg to the next without the nee
Page 213 and 214: everses course. The course on which
Page 215 and 216: 645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
Page 217 and 218: Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
Page 219 and 220: a. The effects of time on task vary
Page 221 and 222: Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
Page 223 and 224: 5. Scanners forced to look into the
Page 225 and 226: 645 Search Target This effect can b
Page 227: Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
Page 231 and 232: C. Multisensor search is either mul
Page 233 and 234: Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
Page 235 and 236: 1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
Page 237 and 238: altitude to make the sighting repor
Page 239 and 240: lue and white checkered flag), or s
Page 241 and 242: Rescue planning involves dispatchin
Page 243 and 244: pararescue teams can place medicall
Page 245 and 246: Speed and ability to sustain surviv
Page 247 and 248: 1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
Page 249 and 250: other factors affecting rescue. 742
Page 251 and 252: Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
Page 253 and 254: 2. Rations packs - concentrated or
Page 255 and 256: 753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
Page 257 and 258: than 6 feet (2 meters) apart, inter
Page 259 and 260: 800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
Page 263 and 264: strength of the wind and steepness
Page 265 and 266: the area of greatest turbulence, an
Page 267 and 268: 823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
Page 269 and 270: 2. A team leader is responsible for
Page 271 and 272: Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
Page 273 and 274: the track spacing would be 100 feet
Page 275 and 276: 1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
Page 277 and 278: Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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unlaundered carefully preserved sce
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5. As indicated previously, it is i
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debriefing, transport to a delivery
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complete mental collapse due to the
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medical training, qualifications, a
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1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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accept that the search cannot conti
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used for statistical analysis, syst
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Each RCC maintains a chronological
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aircraft that they are near the sce
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(day or night), date, search area a
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1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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differing requirements of each coun
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RCC, which will plan the search and
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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