JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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Figure 6-4. HSM Pattern C. To attract survivor attention, a vessel should periodically make heavy black smoke, rotate a searchlight beam around the horizon during night time, or turn on deck lights. Periodic sound signals can help when searching for survivors under raft canopies. Crew members should be alert for signals from survivors and other signs, such as floating wreckage or objects, indicating their presence. At night or when visibility is seriously restricted, the engines, if feasible, may be stopped periodically and a listening watch maintained for survivor signals. D. When executing search patterns, every SRU normally begins its turn from one searchleg to the next before actually reaching the end of the searchleg. A marine SRU should begin its turn, as shown in Figure 6-6, short of the end of each searchleg by a distance equal to the "advance" of the craft for the search speed and amount of rudder used entering the turn. The craft will begin the straightaway portion of the next leg--upon completion of its 90 degree turn--by a distance equal to the "transfer" of the craft for the search speed and rudder used entering the turn. Figure 6-7 depicts a typical vessel-turning circle, with the advance and transfer distances indicated. SRUs from some countries (e.g., Canada), execute turns outside the search area. 644 Inland Search Information unique to inland search is presented in Chapter 8. 6-8
645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for EPIRB/ELT A. A searching SRU is primarily a platform for scanners. The saving of lives, relief of suffering, or protection of property ultimately may depend on the number and effectiveness of scanners. To ensure effective searching, trained scanners should be used. Scanners should meet standards set by the service or agency for correctable vision, and normal color vision should also be required to enable the scanner to distinguish between a target and surroundings. As many scanners as possible should be used. However, all available scanners should not necessarily be used at one time. It may be more important to rest scanners and to keep an effective rotation, not only among crew but also among positions. B. Scanner effectiveness depends on many factors, including number, training, positions, speed and motion of craft, duration of the search, fatigue, and motivation. The effects of these factors and interactions are so complex that it is difficult to gauge their individual impact systematically.
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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. Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
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9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
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4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
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3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
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3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
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SRUs and agencies. A search action
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2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
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extended time, a Notice to Mariners
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The receiving and recording of info
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case. The SMC is often automaticall
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any source. b. There is suspicion t
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The craft's float or flight plan is
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Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
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s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
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445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
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451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
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471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
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the objective during their normal o
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effective search plan. The plan may
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D. Other SAR planning models, such
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1. The aircraft glide area shown in
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Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
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TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
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the search object has, the greater
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B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
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Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
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large lake can vary with season, we
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5. Other on scene observations can
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520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
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Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
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DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
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Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
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E. When only a datum area exists, s
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SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
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B. POD can be increased by decreasi
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C. Visual sweep widths are determin
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TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
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9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
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Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
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6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
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TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
Page 163 and 164: Sweep widths should be approximated
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
Page 167 and 168: Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
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Page 171 and 172: c. This track spacing may exceed th
Page 173 and 174: a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
Page 175 and 176: E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
Page 177 and 178: Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
Page 179 and 180: The major pattern characteristic is
Page 181 and 182: Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
Page 183 and 184: Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
Page 185 and 186: area, they must fly their individua
Page 187 and 188: for large objects in well-defined s
Page 189 and 190: I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
Page 191 and 192: completed, the initial area, not th
Page 193 and 194: Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
Page 195 and 196: 560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
Page 197 and 198: NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
Page 199 and 200: described as previously discussed,
Page 201 and 202: procedures for aircraft SRUs should
Page 203 and 204: 1. Where sea current, tidal current
Page 205 and 206: eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
Page 207 and 208: to minimize clutter. While this is
Page 209 and 210: 642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
Page 211 and 212: one leg to the next without the nee
Page 213: everses course. The course on which
Page 217 and 218: Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
Page 219 and 220: a. The effects of time on task vary
Page 221 and 222: Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
Page 223 and 224: 5. Scanners forced to look into the
Page 225 and 226: 645 Search Target This effect can b
Page 227 and 228: Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
Page 229 and 230: Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
Page 231 and 232: C. Multisensor search is either mul
Page 233 and 234: Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
Page 235 and 236: 1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
Page 237 and 238: altitude to make the sighting repor
Page 239 and 240: lue and white checkered flag), or s
Page 241 and 242: Rescue planning involves dispatchin
Page 243 and 244: pararescue teams can place medicall
Page 245 and 246: Speed and ability to sustain surviv
Page 247 and 248: 1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
Page 249 and 250: other factors affecting rescue. 742
Page 251 and 252: Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
Page 253 and 254: 2. Rations packs - concentrated or
Page 255 and 256: 753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
Page 257 and 258: than 6 feet (2 meters) apart, inter
Page 259 and 260: 800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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the area of greatest turbulence, an
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823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
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2. A team leader is responsible for
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Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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the track spacing would be 100 feet
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1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
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Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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unlaundered carefully preserved sce
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5. As indicated previously, it is i
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debriefing, transport to a delivery
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complete mental collapse due to the
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medical training, qualifications, a
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1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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accept that the search cannot conti
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used for statistical analysis, syst
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Each RCC maintains a chronological
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aircraft that they are near the sce
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(day or night), date, search area a
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1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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differing requirements of each coun
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RCC, which will plan the search and
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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