JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
search at about the same time). 2. Second, the SMC assigns the CSP as the south west corner. This helps maintain separation between the two aircraft in A-1 and A-2, and between the two aircraft in A-3 and A-4, by a distance equal to the individual search area length (assuming A-1 and A-2 start search at about the same time, A-3 and A-4 start search at about the same time, and SRUs operate at the same speed). 3. Third, the SMC assigns search altitudes of 500 feet for A-1 and A-4, and 1,000 feet for A-2 and A-3. This provides positive vertical separation between each aircraft and adjacent aircraft. 4. Air-to-air TACAN channels are assigned to search areas for use by the SRUs. TACAN channel pairing must be 63 channels apart for air-to-air ranging operations. If SRU equipment allows the use of TACAN Y instead of TACAN X channels, interference with shore stations is reduced. The aircraft in A-1 and A-2 and in A-3 and A-4 would be concerned with approaching each other, even with an altitude separation of 500 feet. Therefore, the SMC could pair SRUs in A-1 and A-2 on TACAN channels 20 and 83, and A-3 and A-4 aircraft on channels 30 and 93. If the paired aircraft approach a common boundary simultaneously, they can monitor distance separation. 5. Unless there is a large difference in the commence search times of the two diagonally opposite aircraft, the SMC assumes that adequate lateral and vertical separation will be maintained as long as each aircraft properly executes the assigned search pattern. No SRU should approach another SRU at a distance of less than one track space. The SRU flies the legs nearest the search pattern perimeter at one-half of a track spacing inside its search area boundary. 5-33
Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments for SRUs E. Outside the search area, lateral and vertical separation of aircraft is provided either by air traffic control (ATC) agencies under instrument flying rules, or by the aircraft themselves under visual flying rules. Since control of air traffic by ATC in the search area is usually not feasible because of low search altitudes, overall responsibility for maintaining safe separation within the search area rests with the OSC. 550 SEARCH PATTERN SELECTION To ensure that the search area is uniformly searched, use of standard search patterns allows the SMC to calculate probable search effectiveness. This information is valuable for assigning SRUs, and for planning future searches. 551 Factors in Selection A. Search pattern selection depends on many factors, including accuracy of datum, search area size, number and capabilities of SRUs, environmental conditions, size of search target, and type of survivor detection aids. While the factors are interrelated, some may be more important than others. The SMC should satisfy the more important factors while meeting others as nearly as possible. B. The type and number of available SRUs are controlling factors in selection of search patterns. SRU turning diameters, speeds, detection capability, and navigational accuracy have a significant impact on the uniformity of search area coverage and on POD. POD curves are valid only when SRUs follow search pattern tracks accurately. 1. Surface Craft. Navigation accuracy of surface 5-34
- Page 125 and 126: TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
- Page 127 and 128: the search object has, the greater
- Page 129 and 130: B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
- Page 131 and 132: Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
- Page 133 and 134: large lake can vary with season, we
- Page 135 and 136: 5. Other on scene observations can
- Page 137 and 138: 520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
- Page 139 and 140: Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
- Page 141 and 142: DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
- Page 143 and 144: Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
- Page 145 and 146: E. When only a datum area exists, s
- Page 147 and 148: SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
- Page 149 and 150: B. POD can be increased by decreasi
- Page 151 and 152: C. Visual sweep widths are determin
- Page 153 and 154: TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
- Page 155 and 156: 9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
- Page 157 and 158: Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
- Page 159 and 160: 6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
- Page 161 and 162: TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
- Page 163 and 164: Sweep widths should be approximated
- Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
- Page 167 and 168: Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
- Page 169 and 170: again, unless it is determined furt
- Page 171 and 172: c. This track spacing may exceed th
- Page 173 and 174: a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
- Page 175: E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
- Page 179 and 180: The major pattern characteristic is
- Page 181 and 182: Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
- Page 183 and 184: Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
- Page 185 and 186: area, they must fly their individua
- Page 187 and 188: for large objects in well-defined s
- Page 189 and 190: I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
- Page 191 and 192: completed, the initial area, not th
- Page 193 and 194: Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
- Page 195 and 196: 560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
- Page 197 and 198: NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
- Page 199 and 200: described as previously discussed,
- Page 201 and 202: procedures for aircraft SRUs should
- Page 203 and 204: 1. Where sea current, tidal current
- Page 205 and 206: eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
- Page 207 and 208: to minimize clutter. While this is
- Page 209 and 210: 642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
- Page 211 and 212: one leg to the next without the nee
- Page 213 and 214: everses course. The course on which
- Page 215 and 216: 645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
- Page 217 and 218: Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
- Page 219 and 220: a. The effects of time on task vary
- Page 221 and 222: Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
- Page 223 and 224: 5. Scanners forced to look into the
- Page 225 and 226: 645 Search Target This effect can b
search at about the same time).<br />
2. Second, the SMC assigns the CSP as the south west corner.<br />
This helps maintain separation between the two aircraft in A-1<br />
<strong>and</strong> A-2, <strong>and</strong> between the two aircraft in A-3 <strong>and</strong> A-4, by a<br />
distance equal to the individual search area length (assuming<br />
A-1 <strong>and</strong> A-2 start search at about the same time, A-3 <strong>and</strong> A-4<br />
start search at about the same time, <strong>and</strong> SRUs operate at the<br />
same speed).<br />
3. Third, the SMC assigns search altitudes of <strong>50</strong>0 feet for A-1<br />
<strong>and</strong> A-4, <strong>and</strong> 1,000 feet for A-2 <strong>and</strong> A-3. This provides<br />
positive vertical separation between each aircraft <strong>and</strong><br />
adjacent aircraft.<br />
4. Air-to-air TACAN channels are assigned to search areas for use<br />
by the SRUs. TACAN channel pairing must be 63 channels apart<br />
for air-to-air ranging operations. If SRU equipment allows<br />
the use of TACAN Y instead of TACAN X channels, interference<br />
with shore stations is reduced. The aircraft in A-1 <strong>and</strong> A-2<br />
<strong>and</strong> in A-3 <strong>and</strong> A-4 would be concerned with approaching each<br />
other, even with an altitude separation of <strong>50</strong>0 feet.<br />
Therefore, the SMC could pair SRUs in A-1 <strong>and</strong> A-2 on TACAN<br />
channels 20 <strong>and</strong> 83, <strong>and</strong> A-3 <strong>and</strong> A-4 aircraft on channels 30<br />
<strong>and</strong> 93. If the paired aircraft approach a common boundary<br />
simultaneously, they can monitor distance separation.<br />
5. Unless there is a large difference in the commence search<br />
times of the two diagonally opposite aircraft, the SMC assumes<br />
that adequate lateral <strong>and</strong> vertical separation will be<br />
maintained as long as each aircraft properly executes the<br />
assigned search pattern. No SRU should approach another SRU<br />
at a distance of less than one track space. The SRU flies the<br />
legs nearest the search pattern perimeter at one-half of a<br />
track spacing inside its search area boundary.<br />
5-33